51
|
Zhang P, Fassett JT, Zhu G, Li J, Hu X, Xu X, Chen Y, Bache RJ. Repetitive ischemia increases myocardial dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 expression. Vasc Med 2017; 22:179-188. [PMID: 28145161 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x16681215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of nitric oxide production inhibits growth of coronary collateral vessels. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is the major enzyme that degrades asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Here we examined regulation of the ADMA-DDAH1 pathway in a canine model of recurrent myocardial ischemia during the time when coronary collateral growth is known to occur. Under basal conditions, DDAH1 expression was non-uniform across the left ventricular (LV) wall, with expression strongest in the subepicardium. In response to ischemia, DDAH1 expression was up-regulated in the midmyocardium of the ischemic zone, and this was associated with a significant reduction in myocardial interstitial fluid (MIF) ADMA. The decrease in MIF ADMA during ischemia was likely due to increased DDAH1 because myocardial protein arginine N-methyl transferase 1 (PRMT1) and the methylated arginine protein content (the source of ADMA) were unchanged or increased, respectively, at this time. The inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were also elevated in the midmyocardium where DDAH1 expression was increased. Both of these factors significantly up-regulated DDAH1 expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that inflammatory factors expressed in response to myocardial ischemia contributed to up-regulation of DDAH1, which was responsible for the decrease in MIF ADMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John T Fassett
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl Franzen University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guangshuo Zhu
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jingxin Li
- 3 Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- 4 Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yingjie Chen
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Bache
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Peng C, Wong CC. The story of protein arginine methylation: characterization, regulation, and function. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:157-170. [PMID: 28043171 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1275573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arginine methylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) in cells, which is catalyzed by a group of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). It plays significant roles in diverse cellular processes and various diseases. Misregulation and aberrant expression of PRMTs can provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for drug discovery. Areas covered: Herein, we review the arginine methylation literature and summarize the methodologies for the characterization of this modification, as well as describe the recent insights into arginine methyltransferases and their biological functions in diseases. Expert commentary: Benefits from the enzyme-based large-scale screening approach, the novel affinity enrichment strategies, arginine methylated protein family is the focus of attention. Although a number of arginine methyltransferases and related substrates are identified, the catalytic mechanism of different types of PRMTs remains unclear and few related demethylases are characterized. Novel functional studies continuously reveal the importance of this modification in the cell cycle and diseases. A deeper understanding of arginine methylated proteins, modification sites, and their mechanisms of regulation is needed to explore their role in life processes, especially their relationship with diseases, thus accelerating the generation of potent, selective, cell-penetrant drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- a National Center for Protein Science (Shanghai), Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Science Research Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Catherine Cl Wong
- a National Center for Protein Science (Shanghai), Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Science Research Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zeeshan M, Kaur I, Joy J, Saini E, Paul G, Kaushik A, Dabral S, Mohmmed A, Gupta D, Malhotra P. Proteomic Identification and Analysis of Arginine-Methylated Proteins of Plasmodium falciparum at Asexual Blood Stages. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:368-383. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zeeshan
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Joseph Joy
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ekta Saini
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gourab Paul
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Surbhi Dabral
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- Parasite
Cell Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Beyond the survival and death of the deltamethrin-threatened pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus: An in-depth proteomic study employing a transcriptome database. J Proteomics 2016; 150:281-289. [PMID: 27705816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is an increasingly global problem that hampers pest control. We sought the mechanism responsible for survival following pyrethroid treatment and the factors connected to paralysis/death of the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus through a proteome-level analysis using nanoLC coupled with Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometry. A tolerant field population of beetles was treated with deltamethrin, and the ensuing proteome changes were observed in the survivors (resistant), dead (paralyzed) and control-treated beetles. The protein database consisted of the translated transcriptome, and the resulting changes were manually annotated via BLASTP. We identified a number of high-abundance changes in which there were several dominant proteins, e.g., the electron carrier cytochrome b5, ribosomal proteins 60S RPL28, 40S RPS23 and RPS26, eIF4E-transporter, anoxia up-regulated protein, 2 isoforms of vitellogenin and pathogenesis-related protein 5. Deltamethrin detoxification was influenced by different cytochromes P450, which were likely boosted by increased cytochrome b5, but glutathione-S-transferase ε and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases also contributed. Moreover, we observed changes in proteins related to RNA interference, RNA binding and epigenetic modifications. The high changes in ribosomal proteins and associated factors suggest specific control of translation. Overall, we showed modulation of expression processes by epigenetic markers, alternative splicing and translation. Future functional studies will benefit. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Insects develop pesticide resistance, which has become one of the key issues in plant protection. This growing resistance increases the demand for pesticide applications and the development of new substances. Knowledge in the field regarding the resistance mechanism and its responses to pesticide treatment provides us the opportunity to propose a solution for this issue. Although the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus was effectively controlled with pyrethroids for many years, there have been reports of increasing resistance. We show protein changes including production of isoforms in response to deltamethrin at the protein level. These results illustrate the insect's survival state as a resistant beetle and in its paralyzed state (evaluated as dead) relative to resistant individuals.
Collapse
|
55
|
Friedrich S, Schmidt T, Schierhorn A, Lilie H, Szczepankiewicz G, Bergs S, Liebert UG, Golbik RP, Behrens SE. Arginine methylation enhances the RNA chaperone activity of the West Nile virus host factor AUF1 p45. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:1574-1591. [PMID: 27520967 PMCID: PMC5029455 DOI: 10.1261/rna.055269.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A prerequisite for the intracellular replication process of the Flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) is the cyclization of the viral RNA genome, which enables the viral replicase to initiate RNA synthesis. Our earlier studies indicated that the p45 isoform of the cellular AU-rich element binding protein 1 (AUF1) has an RNA chaperone activity, which supports RNA cyclization and viral RNA synthesis by destabilizing a stem structure at the WNV RNA's 3'-end. Here we show that in mammalian cells, AUF1 p45 is consistently modified by arginine methylation of its C terminus. By a combination of different experimental approaches, we can demonstrate that the methyltransferase PRMT1 is necessary and sufficient for AUF1 p45 methylation and that PRMT1 is required for efficient WNV replication. Interestingly, in comparison to the nonmethylated AUF1 p45, the methylated AUF1 p45(aDMA) exhibits a significantly increased affinity to the WNV RNA termini. Further data also revealed that the RNA chaperone activity of AUF1 p45(aDMA) is improved and the methylated protein stimulates viral RNA synthesis considerably more efficiently than the nonmethylated AUF1 p45. In addition to its destabilizing RNA chaperone activity, we identified an RNA annealing activity of AUF1 p45, which is not affected by methylation. Arginine methylation of AUF1 p45 thus represents a specific determinant of its RNA chaperone activity while functioning as a WNV host factor. Our data suggest that the methylation modifies the conformation of AUF1 p45 and in this way affects its RNA binding and restructuring activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 60120 Halle, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 60120 Halle, Germany
| | - Angelika Schierhorn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 60120 Halle, Germany
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 60120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Bergs
- Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, 04130 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, 04130 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph P Golbik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 60120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sven-Erik Behrens
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 60120 Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Luo C, Cai XT, Du J, Zhao TL, Wang PF, Zhao PX, Liu R, Xie Q, Cao XF, Xiang CB. PARAQUAT TOLERANCE3 Is an E3 Ligase That Switches off Activated Oxidative Response by Targeting Histone-Modifying PROTEIN METHYLTRANSFERASE4b. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006332. [PMID: 27676073 PMCID: PMC5038976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is unavoidable for aerobic organisms. When abiotic and biotic stresses are encountered, oxidative damage could occur in cells. To avoid this damage, defense mechanisms must be timely and efficiently modulated. While the response to oxidative stress has been extensively studied in plants, little is known about how the activated response is switched off when oxidative stress is diminished. By studying Arabidopsis mutant paraquat tolerance3, we identified the genetic locus PARAQUAT TOLERANCE3 (PQT3) as a major negative regulator of oxidative stress tolerance. PQT3, encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is rapidly down-regulated by oxidative stress. PQT3 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in ubiquitination assay. Subsequently, we identified PRMT4b as a PQT3-interacting protein. By histone methylation, PRMT4b upregulates the expression of APX1 and GPX1, encoding two key enzymes against oxidative stress. On the other hand, PRMT4b is recognized by PQT3 for targeted degradation via 26S proteasome. Therefore, we have identified PQT3 as an E3 ligase that acts as a negative regulator of activated response to oxidative stress and found that histone modification by PRMT4b at APX1 and GPX1 loci plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance. Oxidative stress is a major stress in plant cells when biotic and abiotic stresses are imposed. While the response to oxidative stress has been extensively studied, little is known about how the activated response is switched off when oxidative stress is diminished. By studying Arabidopsis mutant paraquat tolerance3, we identified the genetic locus PARAQUAT TOLERANCE3 (PQT3) as a major negative regulator of oxidative tolerance. PQT3 encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase and is rapidly down-regulated by oxidative stress. Subsequently, we identified PRMT4b as a PQT3-interacting protein. PQT3 was demonstrated to recognize PRMT4b for targeted degradation via 26S proteasome. By histone methylation, PRMT4b may regulate the expression of APX1 and GPX1, encoding two key enzymes against oxidative stress. Therefore, we have identified PQT3 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that turns off the activated response to oxidative stress. Our study provides new insights into the post-translational regulation of plant oxidative stress response and ROS signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Teng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin Du
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao-Lan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Xia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Klec C, Parichatikanond W, Stryeck S, Gottschalk B, Pulido S, Rost R, Eroglu E, Hofmann NA, Bondarenko AI, Madl T, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Malli R, Graier WF. PRMT1-mediated methylation of MICU1 determines the UCP2/3 dependency of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake in immortalized cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12897. [PMID: 27642082 PMCID: PMC5031806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that mitochondrial Ca2+ channels, which control energy flow, cell signalling and death, are macromolecular complexes that basically consist of the pore-forming mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) protein, the essential MCU regulator (EMRE), and the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1). MICU1 is a regulatory subunit that shields mitochondria from Ca2+ overload. Before the identification of these core elements, the novel uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2/3) have been shown to be fundamental for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Here we clarify the molecular mechanism that determines the UCP2/3 dependency of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Our data demonstrate that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is controlled by protein arginine methyl transferase 1 (PRMT1) that asymmetrically methylates MICU1, resulting in decreased Ca2+ sensitivity. UCP2/3 normalize Ca2+ sensitivity of methylated MICU1 and, thus, re-establish mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake activity. These data provide novel insights in the complex regulation of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter by PRMT1 and UCP2/3. MICU1 is a regulatory subunit of mitochondrial Ca2+ channels that shields mitochondria from Ca2+ overload. Here the authors show that MICU1 methylation by PRMT1 reduces Ca2+ sensitivity, which is normalized by UCP2/3, re-establishing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Christiane Klec
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Warisara Parichatikanond
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sarah Stryeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sergio Pulido
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Nicole A Hofmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Alexander I Bondarenko
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria.,Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching 85748, Germany.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Modulation of the cytoplasmic functions of mammalian post-transcriptional regulatory proteins by methylation and acetylation: a key layer of regulation waiting to be uncovered? Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 43:1285-95. [PMID: 26614674 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is critical for normal cellular function and viability and many of the proteins that mediate post-transcriptional control are themselves subject to regulation by post-translational modification (PTM), e.g. phosphorylation. However, proteome-wide studies are revealing new complexities in the PTM status of mammalian proteins, in particular large numbers of novel methylated and acetylated residues are being identified. Here we review studied examples of methylation/acetylation-dependent regulation of post-transcriptional regulatory protein (PTRP) function and present collated PTM data that points to the huge potential for regulation of mRNA fate by these PTMs.
Collapse
|
59
|
Larsen SC, Sylvestersen KB, Mund A, Lyon D, Mullari M, Madsen MV, Daniel JA, Jensen LJ, Nielsen ML. Proteome-wide analysis of arginine monomethylation reveals widespread occurrence in human cells. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs9. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
60
|
Xu Q, Xu F, Liu L, Chen Y. Compositional Analysis of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylated H3R2 Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Targeted Proteomics. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8441-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818
Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818
Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818
Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818
Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Hernando CE, Romanowski A, Yanovsky MJ. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of the plant circadian gene regulatory network. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:84-94. [PMID: 27412912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock drives rhythms in multiple physiological processes allowing plants to anticipate and adjust to periodic changes in environmental conditions. These physiological rhythms are associated with robust oscillations in the expression of thousands of genes linked to the control of photosynthesis, cell elongation, biotic and abiotic stress responses, developmental processes such as flowering, and the clock itself. Given its pervasive effects on plant physiology, it is not surprising that circadian clock genes have played an important role in the domestication of crop plants and in the improvement of crop productivity. Therefore, identifying the principles governing the dynamics of the circadian gene regulatory network in plants could strongly contribute to further speed up crop improvement. Here we provide an historical as well as a current description of our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms in plants. This work focuses on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory layers that control the very core of the circadian clock, and some of its complex interactions with signaling pathways that help synchronize plant growth and development to daily and seasonal changes in the environment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Networks, edited by Dr. Erich Grotewold and Dr. Nathan Springer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Esteban Hernando
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Romanowski
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo J Yanovsky
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
McCarty MF. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Is a Well Established Mediating Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality-Should Patients with Elevated Levels Be Supplemented with Citrulline? Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:healthcare4030040. [PMID: 27417628 PMCID: PMC5041041 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor and uncoupler of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that acts in multifarious ways to promote cardiovascular health. This phenomenon likely explains, at least in part, why elevated ADMA has been established as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, ventricular hypertrophy, and cardiovascular mortality. Fortunately, the suppressive impact of ADMA on eNOS activity can be offset by increasing intracellular arginine levels with supplemental citrulline. Although the long-term impact of supplemental citrulline on cardiovascular health in patients with elevated ADMA has not yet been studied, shorter-term clinical studies of citrulline administration demonstrate effects suggestive of increased NO synthesis, such as reductions in blood pressure and arterial stiffness, improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation, increased erection hardness, and increased ejection fractions in patients with heart failure. Supplemental citrulline could be a practical option for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and mortality, as it is inexpensive, has a mild flavor, and is well tolerated in doses (3-6 g daily) that can influence eNOS activity. Large and long-term clinical trials, targeting patients at high risk for cardiovascular events in whom ADMA is elevated, are needed to evaluate citrulline's potential for aiding cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Hernandez S, Dominko T. Novel Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 8 Isoform Is Essential for Cell Proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2056-66. [PMID: 26851891 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Identification of molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular replicative lifespan is needed to better understand the transition between a normal and a neoplastic cell phenotype. We have previously reported that low oxygen-mediated activity of FGF2 leads to an increase in cellular lifespan and acquisition of regeneration competence in human dermal fibroblasts (iRC cells). Though cells display a more plastic developmental phenotype, they remain non-tumorigenic when injected into SCID mice (Page et al. [2009] Cloning Stem Cells 11:417-426; Page et al. [2011] Eng Part A 17:2629-2640) allowing for investigation of mechanisms that regulate increased cellular lifespan in a non-tumorigenic system. Analysis of chromatin modification enzymes by qRT-PCR revealed a 13.3-fold upregulation of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 in iRC cells. Increased protein expression was confirmed in both iRC and human embryonic stem cells-the first demonstration of endogenous human PRMT8 expression outside the brain. Furthermore, iRC cells express a novel PRMT8 mRNA variant. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown we demonstrated that this novel variant was required for proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and grade IV glioblastomas. PRMT8 upregulation in a non-tumorigenic system may offer a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cells in pre-cancerous and cancerous states. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2056-2066, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hernandez
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA.,Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA.,Center for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Liu F, Wang L, Perna F, Nimer SD. Beyond transcription factors: how oncogenic signalling reshapes the epigenetic landscape. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:359-72. [PMID: 27220480 PMCID: PMC5548460 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, once thought to be caused largely by genetic alterations, is now considered to be a mixed genetic and epigenetic disease. The epigenetic landscape, which is dictated by covalent DNA and histone modifications, is profoundly altered in transformed cells. These abnormalities may arise from mutations in, or altered expression of, chromatin modifiers. Recent reports on the interplay between cellular signalling pathways and chromatin modifications add another layer of complexity to the already complex regulation of the epigenome. In this Review, we discuss these new studies and how the insights they provide can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Miami, FL33136
- Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Paternoster V, Edhager AV, Sibbersen C, Nielsen AL, Børglum AD, Christensen JH, Palmfeldt J. Quantitative assessment of methyl-esterification and other side reactions in a standard propionylation protocol for detection of histone modifications. Proteomics 2016; 16:2059-63. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Paternoster
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research; i PSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen; Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing; i SEQ; Aarhus University; Denmark
| | | | - Christian Sibbersen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Bioanalytical Unit; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Anders Dupont Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research; i PSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen; Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing; i SEQ; Aarhus University; Denmark
| | - Jane Hvarregaard Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research; i PSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen; Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing; i SEQ; Aarhus University; Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Hata K, Yanase N, Sudo K, Kiyonari H, Mukumoto Y, Mizuguchi J, Yokosuka T. Differential regulation of T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antibody responses through arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 in vivo. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1200-10. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi Hata
- Department of Immunology; Tokyo Medical University; Japan
| | - Noriko Yanase
- Department of Immunology; Tokyo Medical University; Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Animal Research Center; Tokyo Medical University; Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mukumoto
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Sun L, Xia WY, Zhao SH, Liu N, Liu SS, Xiu P, Li LF, Cao XL, Gao JX. An asymmetrically dimethylarginated nuclear 90 kDa protein (p90aDMA) induced by interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment is selectively degraded by autophagy. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2461-71. [PMID: 27035405 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common posttranslational modification resulting in the generation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (aDMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (sDMA). Currently, the regulation of aDMA or sDMA by hypoxia, nutrient stavation or cytokines in the tumor microenvironment remains largely unknown. Here we show that p90aDMA, p70aDMA and p90sDMA, endogenous proteins containing aDMA or sDMA with mass 70 or 90 kDa, were widely and dominantly expressed in breast cancer cell lines. Notably, it was p90aDMA rather than p90sDMA that accumulated in the nucleus upon stimulation of cancer cells with interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6 but not IL-8. In addition, the p90aDMA accumulation could be inhibited after treatment with a global methyltrasferase inhibitor, adenosine-2',3'-dialdehyde (AdOx). It seemed that some endogenous proteins in cancer cells were asymmetrically arginine-methylated upon exposure to some cytokines.. Furthermore, endogenous proteins of aDMA, such as p90aDMA and p70aDMA, were degraded in response to hypoxia, nutrient starvation and rapamycin treatment in breast and cervical cancer cells. IL-2/4/6 slightly increased basal autophagy but slightly decreased the rapamycin‑induced autophagy in cancer cells, suggesting that IL-2/4/6 and autophagy inducers play distinct roles in the regulation of aDMA of proteins. Conversely, rapamycin accumulated p90sDMA in MDA-MB‑231 and MCF-7 cells. Taken together, our results add a new dimension to the complexity of arginine methylated regulation in response to various stimuli and provide the first evidence that aDMA serves as one specific degradation signal of selective autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Yan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Lei Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Low JKK, Im H, Erce MA, Hart-Smith G, Snyder MP, Wilkins MR. Protein substrates of the arginine methyltransferase Hmt1 identified by proteome arrays. Proteomics 2016; 16:465-76. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. K. Low
- Systems Biology Initiative; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Hogune Im
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Melissa A. Erce
- Systems Biology Initiative; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- Systems Biology Initiative; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Marc R. Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Toxoplasma gondii Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) Is Necessary for Centrosome Dynamics during Tachyzoite Cell Division. mBio 2016; 7:e02094-15. [PMID: 26838719 PMCID: PMC4742710 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02094-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The arginine methyltransferase family (PRMT) has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including signal transduction, epigenetic regulation, and DNA repair pathways. PRMT1 is thought to be responsible for the majority of PRMT activity in Toxoplasma gondii, but its exact function is unknown. To further define the biological function of the PRMT family, we generated T. gondii mutants lacking PRMT1 (Δprmt1) by deletion of the PRMT1 gene. Δprmt1 parasites exhibit morphological defects during cell division and grow slowly, and this phenotype reverses in the Δprmt::PRMT1mRFP complemented strain. Tagged PRMT1 localizes primarily in the cytoplasm with enrichment at the pericentriolar material, and the strain lacking PRMT1 is unable to segregate progeny accurately. Unlike wild-type and complemented parasites, Δprmt1 parasites have abnormal daughter buds, perturbed centrosome stoichiometry, and loss of synchronous replication. Whole-genome expression profiling demonstrated differences in expression of cell-cycle-regulated genes in the Δprmt1 strain relative to the complemented Δprmt1::PRMT1mRFP and parental wild-type strains, but these changes do not correlate with a specific block in cell cycle. Although PRMT1’s primary biological function was previously proposed to be methylation of histones, our studies suggest that PRMT1 plays an important role within the centrosome to ensure the proper replication of the parasite. Apicomplexan parasites include several important pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, a major cause of opportunistic infections and congenital birth defects. These parasites divide using a unique form of cell division called endodyogeny that is different from those of most eukaryotes. PRMT1 is a conserved arginine methyltransferase that was thought to regulate gene expression of T. gondii by modifying histone methylation. Using genetic techniques, we show that disruption of PRMT1 affects the parasite’s ability to perform accurate cell division. Our studies reveal an unexpected role for arginine methylation in centrosome biology and regulation of parasite replication.
Collapse
|
70
|
Liu L, Zhao X, Zhao L, Li J, Yang H, Zhu Z, Liu J, Huang G. Arginine Methylation of SREBP1a via PRMT5 Promotes De Novo Lipogenesis and Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1260-72. [PMID: 26759235 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and SREBF activates de novo lipogenesis to high levels in cancer cells, a critical event in driving malignant growth. In this study, we identified an important posttranslational mechanism by which SREBP1a is regulated during metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Mass spectrometry revealed protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a binding partner of SREBP1a that symmetrically dimethylated it on R321, thereby promoting transcriptional activity. Furthermore, PRMT5-induced methylation prevented phosphorylation of SREBP1a on S430 by GSK3β, leading to its disassociation from Fbw7 (FBXW7) and its evasion from degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Consequently, methylation-stabilized SREBP1a increased de novo lipogenesis and accelerated the growth of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Clinically, R321 symmetric dimethylation status was associated with malignant progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma, where it served as an independent risk factor of poor prognosis. By showing how PRMT5-induced methylation of SREBP1a triggers hyperactivation of lipid biosynthesis, a key event in tumorigenesis, our findings suggest a new generalized strategy to selectively attack tumor metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongping Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Morales Y, Cáceres T, May K, Hevel JM. Biochemistry and regulation of the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 590:138-152. [PMID: 26612103 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many key cellular processes can be regulated by the seemingly simple addition of one, or two, methyl groups to arginine residues by the nine known mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). The impact that arginine methylation has on cellular well-being is highlighted by the ever growing evidence linking PRMT dysregulation to disease states, which has marked the PRMTs as prominent pharmacological targets. This review is meant to orient the reader with respect to the structural features of the PRMTs that account for catalytic activity, as well as provide a framework for understanding how these enzymes are regulated. An overview of what we understand about substrate recognition and binding is provided. Control of product specificity and enzyme processivity are introduced as necessary but flexible features of the PRMTs. Precise control of PRMT activity is a critical component to eukaryotic cell health, especially given that an arginine demethylase has not been identified. We therefore conclude the review with a comprehensive discussion of how protein arginine methylation is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalemi Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Tamar Cáceres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Kyle May
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Joan M Hevel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ma H, Howitz KT, Horiuchi KY, Wang Y. Histone Methyltransferase Activity Assays. EPIGENETICS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782628484-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) methylate either the lysine or arginine residues on histones and other proteins and play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation. Over 70 HMTs are encoded by the human genome, and many have been implicated in the aetiology of cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and other conditions. There are currently about a dozen HMT activity assays available, and many of these assay formats are applicable to other epigenetic factors, such as histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, and histone and DNA demethylases. Many factors need to be considered in selecting an HMT assay for drug discovery studies, including cost, adaptability to high-throughput screening, and rates of false positives and false negatives. This chapter describes the mechanisms of the major assay platforms available for HMT screening and profiling and presents the advantages and limitations associated with each.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiching Ma
- Reaction Biology Corporation One Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2 Malvern PA 19355 USA
| | - Konrad T. Howitz
- Reaction Biology Corporation One Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2 Malvern PA 19355 USA
| | - Kurumi Y. Horiuchi
- Reaction Biology Corporation One Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2 Malvern PA 19355 USA
| | - Yuren Wang
- Reaction Biology Corporation One Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2 Malvern PA 19355 USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Horiuchi KY. Challenges in profiling and lead optimization of drug discovery for methyltransferases. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 18:62-68. [PMID: 26723894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance of epigenetics in the initiation and progression of disease has attracted many investigators to incorporate this novel and exciting field in drug development. Protein methyltransferases are one of the target classes which have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets after promising results of inhibitors for EZH2 and DOT1L in clinical trials. There are many technologies developed in order to find small molecule inhibitors for protein methyltransferases. However, in contrast to high throughput screening, profiling against different methyltransferases is challenging since each enzyme has a different substrate preference so that it is hard to profile in one assay format. Here, different technologies for methyltransferase assays will be overviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Y Horiuchi
- Reaction Biology Corporation, One Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ma WL, Wang L, Liu LX, Wang XL. Effect of phosphorylation and methylation on the function of the p16 INK4a protein in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2277-2282. [PMID: 26622834 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The p16INK4a protein (p16) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor gene that suppresses the proliferation of cells through the direct inhibition of cell cycle progression. Accordingly, p16 is a potential target for cancer gene therapy. In the present study, the arginine 22, 131 and 138 residues of p16 were found to be methylation sites, as the mutation of these arginine residues to lysine resulted in the hypomethylation of p16. Furthermore, the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), such as PRMT1, PRMT4 and PRMT6, were determined to be involved in the methylation of the p16 arginine residues. PRMT6 effectively reduced the intensity of the association between p16 and CDK4, and also weakened the function of p16 in preventing cell proliferation. In addition, the p16 protein was found to be phosphorylated in various cell lines, and mutations in the serine residues weakened the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis mediated by p16. Preliminarily, the crosstalk between the phosphorylation and arginine methylation modification of p16 was examined. These findings predict a role for serine phosphorylation against arginine methylation of p16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xia Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Enhancer of Rudimentary Homolog Affects the Replication Stress Response through Regulation of RNA Processing. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2979-90. [PMID: 26100022 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01276-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate replication of DNA is imperative for the maintenance of genomic integrity. We identified Enhancer of Rudimentary Homolog (ERH) using a whole-genome RNA interference (RNAi) screen to discover novel proteins that function in the replication stress response. Here we report that ERH is important for DNA replication and recovery from replication stress. ATR pathway activity is diminished in ERH-deficient cells. The reduction in ATR signaling corresponds to a decrease in the expression of multiple ATR pathway genes, including ATR itself. ERH interacts with multiple RNA processing complexes, including splicing regulators. Furthermore, splicing of ATR transcripts is deficient in ERH-depleted cells. Transcriptome-wide analysis indicates that ERH depletion affects the levels of ∼1,500 transcripts, with DNA replication and repair genes being highly enriched among those with reduced expression. Splicing defects were evident in ∼750 protein-coding genes, which again were enriched for DNA metabolism genes. Thus, ERH regulation of RNA processing is needed to ensure faithful DNA replication and repair.
Collapse
|
76
|
Borbolla-Vázquez J, Orozco E, Betanzos A, Rodríguez MA. Entamoeba histolytica: protein arginine transferase 1a methylates arginine residues and potentially modify the H4 histone. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:219. [PMID: 25889855 PMCID: PMC4393863 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In eukaryotes, histone arginine methylation associates with both active and repressed chromatin states depending on the residues involved and the status of methylation. Even when the amino-terminus of Entamoeba histolytica histones diverge from metazoan sequences, these regions contain arginine residues that are potential targets for methylation. However, histone arginine methylation as well as the activity of arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) has not been studied in this parasite. The aim of this work was to examine the dimethylation of arginine 3 of H4 histone (H4R3me2) and to identify the parasite PRMT that could be responsible for this modification (EhPRMT1). METHODS To examine the presence of H4R3me2 in E histolytica, we performed Western blot and immunofluorescence assays on trophozoites using an antibody against this epigenetic mark. To recognize the PRMT1 enzyme of this parasite that possibly perform that modification, we first performed a phylogenetic analysis of E. histolytica and human PRMTs. RT-PCR assays were carried out to analyze the expression of the putative PRMT1 genes. One of these genes was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was tested by its recognition by an antibody against human PRMT1 and in its ability to form homodimers and to methylate commercial histones. RESULTS The arginine 3 of human H4, which is subjected to post translational methylation, was aligned with the arginine 8 of E. histolytica H4, suggesting that this residue could be methylated. The recognition of an 18 kDa nuclear protein of E. histolytica by an antibody against H4R3me2 confirmed this assumption. We found that this parasite expresses three phylogenetic and structural proteins related to PRMT1. Antibodies against the human PRMT1 detected E. histolytica proteins in cytoplasm and nuclei and recognized a recombinant PRMT1 of this parasite. The recombinant protein was able to form homodimers and homotetramers and displayed methyltransferase activity on arginine 3 of chicken H4. CONCLUSION All these results suggest that E. histolytica contains as a minimum one structural and functional protein ortholog to PRMT1, enzyme that potentially dimethylates H4R8. This modification may play an important role in the gene expression regulation of this microorganism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Borbolla-Vázquez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico.
| | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico.
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico.
| | - Mario A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Jiang X, Yao F, Li X, Jia B, Zhong G, Zhang J, Zou X, Hou L. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 gene (As-PRMT1) from Artemia sinica. Gene 2015; 565:122-9. [PMID: 25843627 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is an important epigenetic regulation factor in eukaryotic genomes. PRMT1 is involved in histone arginine loci methylation modification, changes in eukaryotic genomes' chromatin structure, and gene expression regulation. In the present paper, the full-length 1201-bp cDNA sequence of the PRMT1 homolog of Artemia sinica (As-PRMT1) was cloned for the first time. The putative As-PRMT1 protein comprises 346 amino acids with a SAM domain and a PRMT5 domain. Multiple sequence alignments revealed that the putative sequence of As-PRMT1 protein was relatively conserved across species, especially in the SAM domain. As-PRMT1 is widely expressed during embryo development of A. sinica. This is followed by a dramatic upregulation after diapause termination and then downregulation from the nauplius stage. Furthermore, As-PRMT1 transcripts are highly upregulated under conditions of high salinity and low temperature stress. These findings suggested that As-PRMT1 is a stress-related factor that might promote or inhibit the expression of certain genes, play a critical role in embryonic development and in resistance to low temperature and high salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Feng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Baolin Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Guangying Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Department of Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Baldwin RM, Bejide M, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Côté J. Identification of the PRMT1v1 and PRMT1v2 specific interactomes by quantitative mass spectrometry in breast cancer cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:2187-97. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Mitchell Baldwin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Margaret Bejide
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Jocelyn Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Hernando CE, Sanchez SE, Mancini E, Yanovsky MJ. Genome wide comparative analysis of the effects of PRMT5 and PRMT4/CARM1 arginine methyltransferases on the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:192. [PMID: 25880665 PMCID: PMC4381356 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylation at arginine residues (R) is an important post-translational modification that regulates a myriad of essential cellular processes in eukaryotes, such as transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, signal transduction and DNA repair. Arginine methylation is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs are classified as Type I or Type II, depending on the position of the methyl group on the guanidine of the methylated arginine. Previous reports have linked symmetric R methylation to transcriptional repression, while asymmetric R methylation is generally associated with transcriptional activation. However, global studies supporting this conclusion are not available. RESULTS Here we compared side by side the physiological and molecular roles of the best characterized plant PRMTs, the Type II PRMT5 and the Type I PRMT4, also known as CARM1 in mammals. We found that prmt5 and prmt4a;4b mutants showed similar alterations in flowering time, photomorphogenic responses and salt stress tolerance, while only prmt5 mutants exhibited alterations in circadian rhythms. An RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression and splicing of many differentially regulated genes was similarly enhanced or repressed by PRMT5 and PRMT4s. Furthermore, PRMT5 and PRMT4s co-regulated the expression and splicing of key regulatory genes associated with transcription, RNA processing, responses to light, flowering, and abiotic stress tolerance, being candidates to mediate the physiological alterations observed in the mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our global analysis indicates that two of the most important Type I and Type II arginine methyltransferases, PRTM4 and PRMT5, have mostly overlapping as well as specific, but not opposite, roles in the global regulation of gene expression in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Hernando
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina E Sanchez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Molecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Estefanía Mancini
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo J Yanovsky
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Morettin A, Baldwin RM, Cote J. Arginine methyltransferases as novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:177-89. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
81
|
Bitto A, Pizzino G, Irrera N, Galfo F, Squadrito F. Epigenetic modifications due to heavy metals exposure in children living in polluted areas. Curr Genomics 2015; 15:464-8. [PMID: 25646074 PMCID: PMC4311390 DOI: 10.2174/138920291506150106153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present article is to provide a summary of the epigenetic modifications that might occur in children exposed to heavy metals pollutants. It is known that children are more susceptible to environmental pollutants, because their detoxification enzymes are less competent, and this may lead to alterations in chromatin structure or of DNA causing, in turn, epigenetic modifications. Little is currently known about the long-term effects of these changes when occur early in childhood, none-theless there are ethics and practical concerns that make the assessment of DNA modifications difficult to perform in large-scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Galfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Xu J, Xu H, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu Q, Deng X. Genome-wide identification of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) histone modification gene families and their expression analysis during the fruit development and fruit-blue mold infection process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:607. [PMID: 26300904 PMCID: PMC4525380 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, histone acetylation and methylation have been known to be involved in regulating diverse developmental processes and plant defense. These histone modification events are controlled by a series of histone modification gene families. To date, there is no study regarding genome-wide characterization of histone modification related genes in citrus species. Based on the two recent sequenced sweet orange genome databases, a total of 136 CsHMs (Citrus sinensis histone modification genes), including 47 CsHMTs (histone methyltransferase genes), 23 CsHDMs (histone demethylase genes), 50 CsHATs (histone acetyltransferase genes), and 16 CsHDACs (histone deacetylase genes) were identified. These genes were categorized to 11 gene families. A comprehensive analysis of these 11 gene families was performed with chromosome locations, phylogenetic comparison, gene structures, and conserved domain compositions of proteins. In order to gain an insight into the potential roles of these genes in citrus fruit development, 42 CsHMs with high mRNA abundance in fruit tissues were selected to further analyze their expression profiles at six stages of fruit development. Interestingly, a numbers of genes were expressed highly in flesh of ripening fruit and some of them showed the increasing expression levels along with the fruit development. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of all 136 CsHMs response to the infection of blue mold (Penicillium digitatum), which is the most devastating pathogen in citrus post-harvest process. The results indicated that 20 of them showed the strong alterations of their expression levels during the fruit-pathogen infection. In conclusion, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the histone modification gene families in sweet orange and further elucidates their behaviors during the fruit development and the blue mold infection responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiuxin Deng
- *Correspondence: Xiuxin Deng, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Ferreira TR, Alves-Ferreira EVC, Defina TPA, Walrad P, Papadopoulou B, Cruz AK. Altered expression of an RBP-associated arginine methyltransferase 7 in Leishmania major affects parasite infection. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:1085-1102. [PMID: 25294169 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a widely conserved post-translational modification performed by arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). However, its functional role in parasitic protozoa is still under-explored. The Leishmania major genome encodes five PRMT homologs, including PRMT7. Here we show that LmjPRMT7 expression and arginine monomethylation are tightly regulated in a lifecycle stage-dependent manner. LmjPRMT7 levels are higher during the early promastigote logarithmic phase, negligible at stationary and late-stationary phases and rise once more post-differentiation to intracellular amastigotes. Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that LmjPRMT7 is a cytosolic protein associated with several RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) from which Alba20 is monomethylated only in LmjPRMT7-expressing promastigote stages. In addition, Alba20 protein levels are significantly altered in stationary promastigotes of the LmjPRMT7 knockout mutant. Considering RBPs are well-known mammalian PRMT substrates, our data suggest that arginine methylation via LmjPRMT7 may modulate RBP function during Leishmania spp. lifecycle progression. Importantly, genomic deletion of the LmjPRMT7 gene leads to an increase in parasite infectivity both in vitro and in vivo, while lesion progression is significantly reduced in LmjPRMT7-overexpressing parasites. This study is the first to describe a role of Leishmania protein arginine methylation in host-parasite interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Ferreira
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Jahan S, Davie JR. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): role in chromatin organization. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 57:173-84. [PMID: 25263650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes eleven protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that are involved in the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to the guanidino nitrogen of arginine. The substrates for these enzymes range from histones to several nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Methylation of histones by PRMTs can block the docking site for other reader/effector molecules and thus this modification can interfere with histone code orchestration. Several members of the PRMTs have roles in chromatin organization and function. Although PRMT aberrant expression is correlated with several diseases including cancer, the underlying mechanisms are still obscure in most cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanzida Jahan
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Lott K, Zhu L, Fisk JC, Tomasello DL, Read LK. Functional interplay between protein arginine methyltransferases in Trypanosoma brucei. Microbiologyopen 2014; 3:595-609. [PMID: 25044453 PMCID: PMC4234254 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common posttranslational modification that has far-reaching cellular effects. Trypanosoma brucei is an early-branching eukaryote with four characterized protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), one additional putative PRMT, and over 800 arginine methylated proteins, suggesting that arginine methylation has widespread impacts in this organism. While much is known about the activities of individual T. brucei PRMTs (TbPRMTs), little is known regarding how TbPRMTs function together in vivo. In this study, we analyzed single and selected double TbPRMT knockdowns for the impact on expression of TbPRMTs and global methylation status. Repression of TbPRMT1 caused a decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine and a marked increase in monomethylarginine that was catalyzed by TbPRMT7, suggesting that TbPRMT1 and TbPRMT7 can compete for the same substrate. We also observed an unexpected and strong interdependence between TbPRMT1 and TbPRMT3 protein levels. This finding, together with the observation of similar methyl landscape profiles in TbPRMT1 and TbPRMT3 repressed cells, strongly suggests that these two enzymes form a functional complex. We show that corepression of TbPRMT6/7 synergistically impacts growth of procyclic-form T. brucei. Our findings also implicate the actions of noncanonical, and as yet unidentified, PRMTs in T. brucei. Together, our studies indicate that TbPRMTs display a functional interplay at multiple levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylen Lott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, 14214
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Baldwin RM, Morettin A, Côté J. Role of PRMTs in cancer: Could minor isoforms be leaving a mark? World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:115-29. [PMID: 24921003 PMCID: PMC4050107 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methylation of a variety of protein substrates, many of which have been linked to the development, progression and aggressiveness of different types of cancer. Moreover, aberrant expression of PRMTs has been observed in several cancer types. While the link between PRMTs and cancer is a relatively new area of interest, the functional implications documented thus far warrant further investigations into its therapeutic potential. However, the expression of these enzymes and the regulation of their activity in cancer are still significantly understudied. Currently there are nine main members of the PRMT family. Further, the existence of alternatively spliced isoforms for several of these family members provides an additional layer of complexity. Specifically, PRMT1, PRMT2, CARM1 and PRMT7 have been shown to have alternative isoforms and others may be currently unrealized. Our knowledge with respect to the relative expression and the specific functions of these isoforms is largely lacking and needs attention. Here we present a review of the current knowledge of the known alternative PRMT isoforms and provide a rationale for how they may impact on cancer and represent potentially useful targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
87
|
Human neutrophil peptide 1 variants bearing arginine modified cationic side chains: effects on membrane partitioning. Biophys Chem 2014; 190-191:32-40. [PMID: 24820901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Defensins (e.g. human neutrophil peptides, HNPs) have a broad spectrum bactericidal activity contributing to human innate immunity. The positive charge of amino acid side chains is responsible for the first interaction of cationic antimicrobial peptides with negatively charged bacterial membranes. α-Defensins contain a high content of Arg residues compared to Lys. In this paper, different peptide analogs including substitution of Arg-14 respectively with N(G)-N(G')-asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), N(G)-N(G')-symmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (SDMA) and Lys (R14K and R15KR14KR15K) variants have been studied to test the role of Arg guanidino group and the localized cationic charge of Lys for interaction with lipid membranes. Our findings show that all the variants have a decreased disruptive activity against the bilayer. The methylated analogs show a reduction in membrane partitioning due to the lack of their ability to form hydrogen bonds. Comparison with the native HNP-1 peptide has been discussed.
Collapse
|
88
|
Abstract
The last one and half a decade witnessed an outstanding re-emergence of attention and remarkable progress in the field of protein methylation. In the present article, we describe the early discoveries in research and review the role protein methylation played in the biological function of the antiproliferative gene, BTG2/TIS21/PC3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ki Paik
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangduk Kim
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Esse R, Imbard A, Florindo C, Gupta S, Quinlivan EP, Davids M, Teerlink T, Tavares de Almeida I, Kruger WD, Blom HJ, Castro R. Protein arginine hypomethylation in a mouse model of cystathionine β-synthase deficiency. FASEB J 2014; 28:2686-95. [PMID: 24532665 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of the homocysteine (Hcy) precursor S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) may cause cellular hypomethylation in the setting of hyperhomocysteinemia because of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism. To test this hypothesis, DNA and protein arginine methylation status were assessed in liver, brain, heart, and kidney obtained from a previously described mouse model of CBS deficiency. Metabolite levels in tissues and serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Global DNA and protein arginine methylation status were evaluated as the contents of 5-methyldeoxycytidine in DNA and of methylarginines in proteins, respectively. In addition, histone arginine methylation was assessed by Western blotting. CBS-deficient mice exhibited increased (>6-fold) Hcy and AdoHcy levels in all tissues examined compared with control levels. In addition, global DNA methylation status was not affected, but global protein arginine methylation status was decreased (10-35%) in liver and brain. Moreover, asymmetric dimethylation of arginine 3 on histone H4 (H4R3me2a) content was markedly decreased in liver, and no differences were observed for the other histone arginine methylation marks examined. Our results show that CBS-deficient mice present severe accumulation of tissue Hcy and AdoHcy, protein arginine hypomethylation in liver and brain, and decreased H4R3me2a content in liver. Therefore, protein arginine hypomethylation arises as a potential player in the pathophysiology of CBS deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and
| | - Apolline Imbard
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Service de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | | | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eoin P Quinlivan
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - Mariska Davids
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Teerlink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Henk J Blom
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rita Castro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Yue M, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Bao S. Histone H4R3 methylation catalyzed by SKB1/PRMT5 is required for maintaining shoot apical meristem. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83258. [PMID: 24349476 PMCID: PMC3861506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is the source of all of the above-ground tissues and organs in post-embryonic development in higher plants. Studies have proven that the expression of genes constituting the WUSCHEL (WUS)-CLAVATA (CLV) feedback loop is critical for the SAM maintenance. Several histone lysine acetylation and methylation markers have been proven to regulate the transcription level of WUS. However, little is known about how histone arginine methylation regulates the expression of WUS and other genes. Here, we report that H4R3 symmetric dimethylation (H4R3sme2) mediated by SKB1/PRMT5 represses the expression of CORYNE (CRN) to maintain normal SAM geometrics. SKB1 lesion results in small SAM size in Arabidopsis, as well as down-regulated expression of WUS and CLV3. Up-regulation of WUS expression enlarges SAM size in skb1 mutant plants. We find that SKB1 and H4R3sme2 associate with the chromatin of the CRN locus to down-regulate its transcription. Mutation of CRN rescues the expression of WUS and the small SAM size of skb1. Thus, SKB1 and SKB1-mediated H4R3sme2 are required for the maintenance of SAM in Arabidopsis seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Wei H, Mundade R, Lange K, Lu T. Protein arginine methylation of non-histone proteins and its role in diseases. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:32-41. [PMID: 24296620 PMCID: PMC3925732 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes that can methylate arginine residues on histones and other proteins. PRMTs play a crucial role in influencing various cellular functions, including cellular development and tumorigenesis. Arginine methylation by PRMTs is found on both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Recently, there is increasing evidence regarding post-translational modifications of non-histone proteins by PRMTs, illustrating the previously unknown importance of PRMTs in the regulation of various cellular functions by post-translational modifications. In this review, we present the recent developments in the regulation of non-histone proteins by PRMTs.
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
In this issue, Xu et al. (2013) report their interesting discovery of a critical step for initiating BMP signal transduction that requires arginine methylation at the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Dillon MBC, Rust HL, Thompson PR, Mowen KA. Automethylation of protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8) regulates activity by impeding S-adenosylmethionine sensitivity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27872-80. [PMID: 23946480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 8 is unique among the PRMTs, as it has a highly restricted tissue expression pattern and an N terminus that contains two automethylation sites and a myristoylation site. PRMTs catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to a peptidylarginine on a protein substrate. Currently, the physiological roles, regulation, and cellular substrates of PRMT8 are poorly understood. However, a thorough understanding of PRMT8 kinetics should provide insights into each of these areas, thereby enhancing our understanding of this unique enzyme. In this study, we determined how automethylation regulates the enzymatic activity of PRMT8. We found that preventing automethylation with lysine mutations (preserving the positive charge of the residue) increased the turnover rate and decreased the Km of AdoMet but did not affect the Km of the protein substrate. In contrast, mimicking automethylation with phenylalanine (i.e. mimicking the increased hydrophobicity) decreased the turnover rate. The inhibitory effect of the PRMT8 N terminus could be transferred to PRMT1 by creating a chimeric protein containing the N terminus of PRMT8 fused to PRMT1. Thus, automethylation of the N terminus likely regulates PRMT8 activity by decreasing the affinity of the enzyme for AdoMet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myles B C Dillon
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Wahle E, Moritz B. Methylation of the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein by type I protein arginine methyltransferases – how and why. Biol Chem 2013; 394:1029-43. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylation of arginine side chains in proteins is a frequent posttranslational modification, catalyzed by type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). This article summarizes what is known about this modification in the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein (PABPN1). PABPN1 contains 13 dimethylated arginine residues in its C-terminal domain. Three enzymes, PRMT1, 3, and 6, can methylate PABPN1. Although 26 methyl groups are transferred to one PABPN1 molecule, the PRMTs do so in a distributive reaction, i.e., only a single methyl group is transferred per binding event. As PRMTs form dimers, with the active sites accessible from a small central cavity, backbone conformation around the methyl-accepting arginine is an important determinant of substrate specificity. Neither the association of PABPN1 with poly(A) nor its role in poly(A) tail synthesis is affected by arginine methylation. At least at low protein concentration, methylation does not affect the protein’s tendency to oligomerize. The dimethylarginine residues of PABPN1 are located in the binding site for its nuclear import receptor, transportin. Arginine methylation weakens this interaction about 10-fold. Very recent evidence suggests that arginine methylation as a way of fine-tuning the interactions between transportin and its cargo may be a general mechanism.
Collapse
|
95
|
Esse R, Florindo C, Imbard A, Rocha MS, de Vriese AS, Smulders YM, Teerlink T, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R, Blom HJ. Global protein and histone arginine methylation are affected in a tissue-specific manner in a rat model of diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1708-14. [PMID: 23707560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), the homocysteine (Hcy) precursor and a potent methyltransferase inhibitor, may mediate the neurological and vascular complications associated with elevated Hcy. Protein arginine methylation is a crucial post-translational modification and generates monomethylarginine (MMA) and dimethylarginine (asymmetric, ADMA, and symmetric, SDMA) residues. We aimed at determining whether protein arginine methylation status is disturbed in an animal model of diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy was achieved by dietary manipulation of Wistar rats: methionine-enrichment (HM), B vitamins deficiency (LV), or both (HMLV). Total Hcy, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), AdoHcy, MMA, ADMA and SDMA concentrations in plasma or tissues (heart, brain and liver) were determined by adequate high-performance liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Moreover, in tissues from the HMLV group, histone arginine asymmetric dimethylation was evaluated by Western blotting, and the histone methylation marks H3R17me2a, H3R8me2a and H4R3me2a were studied. HHcy was induced by all special diets, with elevation of AdoHcy concentrations in liver (LV and HMLV) and heart (HMLV) (all versus control). Plasma ADMA levels were lower in all hyperhomocysteinemic animals. Protein-incorporated ADMA levels were decreased in brain and in heart (both for the LV and HMLV groups). Moreover, in brain of animals exposed to the HMLV diet, the H3R8me2a mark was profoundly decreased. In conclusion, our results show that diet-induced Hcy elevation disturbs global protein arginine methylation in a tissue-specific manner and affects histone arginine methylation in brain. Future research is warranted to disclose the functional implications of the global protein and histone arginine hypomethylation triggered by Hcy elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Identification of a novel lipin homologue from the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:101. [PMID: 23656927 PMCID: PMC3654991 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that expands the functional diversity of proteins. Kinetoplastid parasites contain a relatively large group of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) compared to other single celled eukaryotes. Several T. brucei proteins have been shown to serve as TbPRMT substrates in vitro, and a great number of proteins likely to undergo methylation are predicted by the T. brucei genome. This indicates that a large number of proteins whose functions are modulated by arginine methylation await discovery in trypanosomes. Here, we employed a yeast two-hybrid screen using as bait the major T. brucei type I PRMT, TbPRMT1, to identify potential substrates of this enzyme. Results We identified a protein containing N-LIP and C-LIP domains that we term TbLpn. These domains are usually present in a family of proteins known as lipins, and involved in phospholipid biosynthesis and gene regulation. Far western and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the TbPRMT1-TbLpn interaction. We also demonstrated that TbLpn is localized mainly to the cytosol, and is methylated in vivo. In addition, we showed that, similar to mammalian and yeast proteins with N-LIP and C-LIP domains, recombinant TbLpn exhibits phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity, and that two conserved aspartic acid residues present in the C-LIP domain are critical for its enzymatic activity. Conclusions This study reports the characterization of a novel trypanosome protein and provides insight into its enzymatic activity and function in phospholipid biosynthesis. It also indicates that TbLpn functions may be modulated by arginine methylation.
Collapse
|
97
|
Deracinois B, Pottiez G, Chafey P, Teerlink T, Camoin L, Davids M, Broussard C, Couraud PO, Dehouck MP, Cecchelli R, Karamanos Y, Flahaut C. Glial-cell-mediated re-induction of the blood-brain barrier phenotype in brain capillary endothelial cells: A differential gel electrophoresis study. Proteomics 2013; 13:1185-99. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tom Teerlink
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Mariska Davids
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Horiuchi KY, Eason MM, Ferry JJ, Planck JL, Walsh CP, Smith RF, Howitz KT, Ma H. Assay development for histone methyltransferases. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2013; 11:227-36. [PMID: 23557020 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2012.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in human diseases. Unlike genetic mutations, however, they do not change the underlying DNA sequences. Epigenetic phenomena have gained increased attention in the field of cancer research, with many studies indicating that they are significantly involved in tumor establishment and progression. Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are a large group of enzymes that specifically methylate protein lysine and arginine residues, especially in histones, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. However, in general, HMTs have no widely accepted high-throughput screening (HTS) assay format, and reference inhibitors are not available for many of the enzymes. In this study, we describe the application of a miniaturized, radioisotope-based reaction system: the HotSpot(SM) platform for methyltransferases. Since this platform employs tritiated SAM as a cofactor, it can be applied to the assay of any HMT. The key advantage of this format is that any substrate can be used, including peptides, proteins, or even nucleosomes, without the need for labeling or any other modifications. Using this platform, we have determined substrate specificities, characterized enzyme kinetics, performed compound profiling for both lysine and arginine methyltransferases, and carried out HTS for a small-library LOPAC against DOT1L. After hit confirmation and profiling, we found that suramin inhibited DOT1L, NSD2, and PRMT4 with IC₅₀ values at a low μM range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Y Horiuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Reaction Biology Corporation, One Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
The critical role of protein arginine methyltransferase prmt8 in zebrafish embryonic and neural development is non-redundant with its paralogue prmt1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55221. [PMID: 23554853 PMCID: PMC3595262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 1 is the most conserved and widely distributed PRMT in eukaryotes. PRMT8 is a vertebrate-restricted paralogue of PRMT1 with an extra N-terminal sequence and brain-specific expression. We use zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a vertebrate model to study PRMT8 function and putative redundancy with PRMT1. The transcripts of zebrafish prmt8 were specifically expressed in adult zebrafish brain and ubiquitously expressed from zygotic to early segmentation stage before the neuronal development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed ubiquitous prmt8 expression pattern during early embryonic stages, similar to that of prmt1. Knockdown of prmt8 with antisense morpholino oligonucleotide phenocopied prmt1-knockdown, with convergence/extension defects at gastrulation. Other abnormalities observed later include short body axis, curled tails, small and malformed brain and eyes. Catalytically inactive prmt8 failed to complement the morphants, indicating the importance of methyltransferase activity. Full-length prmt8 but not prmt1 cRNA can rescue the phenotypic changes. Nevertheless, cRNA encoding Prmt1 fused with the N-terminus of Prmt8 can rescue the prmt8 morphants. In contrast, N-terminus- deleted but not full-length prmt8 cRNA can rescue the prmt1 morphants as efficiently as prmt1 cRNA. Abnormal brain morphologies illustrated with brain markers and loss of fluorescent neurons in a transgenic fish upon prmt8 knockdown confirm the critical roles of prmt8 in neural development. In summery, our study is the first report showing the expression and function of prmt8 in early zebrafish embryogenesis. Our results indicate that prmt8 may play important roles non-overlapping with prmt1 in embryonic and neural development depending on its specific N-terminus.
Collapse
|
100
|
Esse R, Rocha MS, Barroso M, Florindo C, Teerlink T, Kok RM, Smulders YM, Rivera I, Leandro P, Koolwijk P, Castro R, Blom HJ, de Almeida IT. Protein arginine methylation is more prone to inhibition by S-adenosylhomocysteine than DNA methylation in vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55483. [PMID: 23408989 PMCID: PMC3568140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferases use S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as methyl group donor, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) and methylated substrates, including DNA and proteins. AdoHcy inhibits most methyltransferases. Accumulation of intracellular AdoHcy secondary to Hcy elevation elicits global DNA hypomethylation. We aimed at determining the extent at which protein arginine methylation status is affected by accumulation of intracellular AdoHcy. AdoHcy accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was induced by inhibition of AdoHcy hydrolase by adenosine-2,3-dialdehyde (AdOx). As a measure of protein arginine methylation status, the levels of monomethylarginine (MMA) and asymmetric and symmetric dimethylated arginine residues (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) in cell protein hydrolysates were measured by HPLC. A 10% decrease was observed at a 2.5-fold increase of intracellular AdoHcy. Western blotting revealed that the translational levels of the main enzymes catalyzing protein arginine methylation, protein arginine methyl transferases (PRMTs) 1 and 5, were not affected by AdoHcy accumulation. Global DNA methylation status was evaluated by measuring 5-methylcytosine and total cytosine concentrations in DNA hydrolysates by LC-MS/MS. DNA methylation decreased by 10% only when intracellular AdoHcy concentration accumulated to 6-fold of its basal value. In conclusion, our results indicate that protein arginine methylation is more sensitive to AdoHcy accumulation than DNA methylation, pinpointing a possible new player in methylation-related pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica S. Rocha
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madalena Barroso
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tom Teerlink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M. Kok
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo M. Smulders
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Rivera
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Leandro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Castro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henk J. Blom
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|