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Eggertsen PP, Palmfeldt J, Schytz HW, Hay D, Olsen RKJ, Nielsen JF. Serum calcitonin gene-related peptide in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms, including headache: a cohort study. J Neurol 2024; 271:2458-2472. [PMID: 38231270 PMCID: PMC11055722 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in migraine pathophysiology, and post-traumatic headache (PTH) frequently presents with migraine-like features. Despite several clinical similarities, few studies have explored CGRP in PTH and concussion. This study investigates serum CGRP levels in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), including PTH. METHODS This cohort study was based on serum samples from individuals aged 18-30 years with PPCS who participated in a previously published randomized controlled trial of a non-pharmacological intervention. The primary outcome was serum CGRP concentrations, determined at baseline before randomization and at follow-up 7 months later, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CGRP levels at baseline were compared with healthy anonymous blood donors in the same age group. RESULTS Baseline serum samples were collected from 86 participants with PPCS. The participants were most often female (78%) and migraine-like headache was the most frequent headache phenotype (74%). Serum CGRP levels were higher in participants with PPCS than in 120 healthy individuals (median: 158.5 pg/mL vs. 76.3 pg/mL, p = 0.050). A stratified analysis revealed that females with PPCS had a fivefold higher median than healthy females (166.3 pg/mL vs. 32.1 pg/mL, p = 0.0006), while no differences were observed in males (p = 0.83). At follow-up, CGRP levels decreased with a median change of - 1.3 pg/mL (95% confidence interval: - 17.6-0, p = 0.024). DISCUSSION Elevated serum levels of CGRP in patients with PPCS and a decrease over time suggest an involvement of CGRP in PTH/PPCS. If confirmed in other studies, it could pave the way for CGRP-targeted therapies, which could have clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Preben Eggertsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Voldbyvej 15A, 8450, Hammel, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Winther Schytz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Debbie Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, 362 Leith Street, Dunedin North, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Voldbyvej 15A, 8450, Hammel, Denmark
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Eggertsen PP, Palmfeldt J, Pedersen AR, Frederiksen OV, Olsen RKJ, Nielsen JF. Serum neurofilament light chain, inflammatory markers, and kynurenine metabolites in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms: A cohort study. J Neurol Sci 2024; 460:123016. [PMID: 38636323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion leads to persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) in up to one-third of those affected. While previous research has linked the initial trauma to elevated serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL), inflammatory markers, and neurotoxic metabolites within the kynurenine pathway, few studies have explored their relevance in PPCS. This study aims to investigate these biomarkers in PPCS patients, elucidating their relevance in the prolonged phase of concussion. METHODS Serum samples from 86 PPCS individuals aged 18-30 years, 2-6 months post-trauma were analyzed, with 54 providing follow-up samples after seven months. NFL was measured using single-molecule array (Simoa) technology, 13 inflammatory markers via a Luminex immunoassay, and five kynurenine metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A control group of 120 healthy anonymous blood donors was recruited for comparison. RESULTS No significant NFL differences were found in PPCS participants compared with healthy individuals (p = 0.22). Intriguingly, a subset (9.3%) of PPCS participants initially exhibited abnormally high NFL levels (>9.7 pg/mL), which normalized upon follow-up (p = 0.032). Additionally, serum levels of the inflammatory markers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), and eotaxin-1/CCL11 were 25-40% lower than in healthy individuals (p ≤ 0.001). As hypothesized, PPCS participants exhibited a 22% reduction in the ratio of kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid (neuroprotective index) (p < 0.0001), indicating a shift towards the formation of neurotoxic metabolites. CONCLUSION NFL may serve as a biomarker to monitor recovery, and future studies should investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of modulating the kynurenine pathway to improve PPCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Preben Eggertsen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Voldbyvej 15A, Hammel 8450, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Asger Roer Pedersen
- University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Voldbyvej 15A, Hammel 8450, Denmark
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Schmid AM, Razim A, Wysmołek M, Kerekes D, Haunstetter M, Kohl P, Brazhnikov G, Geissler N, Thaler M, Krčmářová E, Šindelář M, Weinmayer T, Hrdý J, Schmidt K, Nejsum P, Whitehead B, Palmfeldt J, Schild S, Inić-Kanada A, Wiedermann U, Schabussova I. Correction: Extracellular vesicles of the probiotic bacteria E. coli O83 activate innate immunity and prevent allergy in mice. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:349. [PMID: 38057928 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marlene Schmid
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Razim
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wysmołek
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Kerekes
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melissa Haunstetter
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
| | - Georgii Brazhnikov
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Geissler
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Thaler
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eliška Krčmářová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šindelář
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Weinmayer
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Core Facility for Cell Imaging and Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bradley Whitehead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Inić-Kanada
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specifc Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Fahlquist-Hagert C, Wittenborn TR, Terczyńska-Dyla E, Kastberg KS, Yang E, Rallistan AN, Markett QR, Winther G, Fonager S, Voss LF, Pedersen MK, van Campen N, Ferapontov A, Jensen L, Huang J, Nieland JD, van der Poel CE, Palmfeldt J, Carroll MC, Utz PJ, Luo Y, Lin L, Degn SE. Antigen presentation by B cells enables epitope spreading across an MHC barrier. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6941. [PMID: 37907556 PMCID: PMC10618542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that B cells may instruct T cells to break tolerance. Here, to test this hypothesis, we used a murine model in which a single B cell clone precipitates an autoreactive response resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The initiating clone did not need to enter germinal centers to precipitate epitope spreading. Rather, it localized to extrafollicular splenic bridging channels early in the response. Autoantibody produced by the initiating clone was not sufficient to drive the autoreactive response. Subsequent epitope spreading depended on antigen presentation and was compartmentalized by major histocompatibility complex (MHC). B cells carrying two MHC haplotypes could bridge the MHC barrier between B cells that did not share MHC. Thus, B cells directly relay autoreactivity between two separate compartments of MHC-restricted T cells, leading to inclusion of distinct B cell populations in germinal centers. Our findings demonstrate that B cells initiate and propagate the autoimmune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fahlquist-Hagert
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas R Wittenborn
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ewa Terczyńska-Dyla
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Emily Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alysa Nicole Rallistan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Quinton Raymond Markett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gudrun Winther
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sofie Fonager
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lasse F Voss
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathias K Pedersen
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nina van Campen
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Ferapontov
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- CellPAT Center for Cellular Signal Patterns, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Jensen
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jinrong Huang
- DREAM Laboratory for Applied Genome Technologies, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - John D Nieland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Cees E van der Poel
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dragonfly Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yonglun Luo
- DREAM Laboratory for Applied Genome Technologies, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lin Lin
- DREAM Laboratory for Applied Genome Technologies, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren E Degn
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- CellPAT Center for Cellular Signal Patterns, iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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5
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Schmid AM, Razim A, Wysmołek M, Kerekes D, Haunstetter M, Kohl P, Brazhnikov G, Geissler N, Thaler M, Krčmářová E, Šindelář M, Weinmayer T, Hrdý J, Schmidt K, Nejsum P, Whitehead B, Palmfeldt J, Schild S, Inić-Kanada A, Wiedermann U, Schabussova I. Extracellular vesicles of the probiotic bacteria E. coli O83 activate innate immunity and prevent allergy in mice. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:297. [PMID: 37864211 PMCID: PMC10588034 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E. coli O83 (Colinfant Newborn) is a Gram-negative (G-) probiotic bacterium used in the clinic. When administered orally, it reduces allergic sensitisation but not allergic asthma. Intranasal administration offers a non-invasive and convenient delivery method. This route bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and provides direct access to the airways, which are the target of asthma prevention. G- bacteria such as E. coli O83 release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to communicate with the environment. Here we investigate whether intranasally administered E. coli O83 OMVs (EcO83-OMVs) can reduce allergic airway inflammation in mice. METHODS EcO83-OMVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterised their number, morphology (shape and size), composition (proteins and lipopolysaccharide; LPS), recognition by innate receptors (using transfected HEK293 cells) and immunomodulatory potential (in naïve splenocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; BMDCs). Their allergy-preventive effect was investigated in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS EcO83-OMVs are spherical nanoparticles with a size of about 110 nm. They contain LPS and protein cargo. We identified a total of 1120 proteins, 136 of which were enriched in OMVs compared to parent bacteria. Proteins from the flagellum dominated. OMVs activated the pattern recognition receptors TLR2/4/5 as well as NOD1 and NOD2. EcO83-OMVs induced the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes and BMDCs. Intranasal administration of EcO83-OMVs inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness, and decreased airway eosinophilia, Th2 cytokine production and mucus secretion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that intranasally administered OMVs from probiotic G- bacteria have an anti-allergic effect. Our study highlights the advantages of OMVs as a safe platform for the prophylactic treatment of allergy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marlene Schmid
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Razim
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wysmołek
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Kerekes
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melissa Haunstetter
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
| | - Georgii Brazhnikov
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Geissler
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Thaler
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eliška Krčmářová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šindelář
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Weinmayer
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Core Facility for Cell Imaging and Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bradley Whitehead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Inić-Kanada
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Jørgensen CS, Kamperis K, Knudsen JH, Kjeldsen M, Christensen JH, Borch L, Rittig S, Palmfeldt J. Differences in the urinary metabolome and proteome between wet and dry nights in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and nocturnal polyuria. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3347-3358. [PMID: 37140712 PMCID: PMC10465629 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common disease with multiple pathogenic mechanisms. This study aimed to compare levels of metabolites and proteins between wet and dry nights in urine samples from children with monosymptomatic NE (MNE). METHODS Ten boys with MNE and nocturnal polyuria (age: 7.6 ± 1.3 years) collected their total nighttime urine production during a wet and a dry night. Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics were performed on the urine samples by liquid chromatography coupled with high-mass accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS On wet nights, we found reduced urine osmolality (P = 0.025) and increased excretion of urinary potassium and sodium by a factor of, respectively, 2.1 (P = 0.038) and 1.9 (P = 0.19) compared with dry nights. LC-MS identified 59 metabolites and 84 proteins with significantly different levels between wet and dry nights (fold change (FC) < 0.67 or > 1.5, P < 0.05). Some compounds were validated by different methodologies. During wet nights, levels of compounds related to oxidative stress and blood pressure, including adrenalin, were increased. We found reduced levels of aquaporin-2 on wet nights. The FCs in the 59 metabolites were positively correlated to the FCs in the same metabolites identified in urine samples obtained during the evening preceding wet and dry nights. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress, which in the literature has been associated with nocturia and disturbances in sleep, might be increased during wet nights in children with MNE. We further found evidence of increased sympathetic activity. The mechanisms related to having wet nights in children with MNE seem complex, and both free water and solute handling appear to be important. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Siggaard Jørgensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Konstantinos Kamperis
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane Hagelskjær Knudsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Margrethe Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Luise Borch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
- NIDO | Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Søren Rittig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Ghavami M, Pedersen J, Kjeldsen RB, Alstrup AKO, Zhang Z, Koulianou V, Palmfeldt J, Vorup-Jensen T, Thamdrup LHE, Boisen A. A self-unfolding proximity enabling device for oral delivery of macromolecules. J Control Release 2023; 361:40-52. [PMID: 37506850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery of macromolecules remains highly challenging due to their rapid degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and poor absorption across the tight junctions of the epithelium. In the last decade, researchers have investigated several medical devices to overcome these challenges using various approaches, some of which involve piercing through the intestine using micro and macro needles. We have developed a new generation of medical devices called self-unfolding proximity enabling devices, which makes it possible to orally deliver macromolecules without perforating the intestine. These devices protect macromolecules from the harsh conditions in the stomach and release their active pharmaceutical ingredients in the vicinity of the intestinal epithelium. One device version is a self-unfolding foil that we have used to deliver insulin and nisin to rats and pigs respectively. In our study, this device has shown a great potential for delivering peptides, with a significant increase in the absorption of solid dosage of insulin by ∼12 times and nisin by ∼4 times in rats and pigs, respectively. With the ability to load solid dosage forms, our devices can facilitate enhanced absorption of minimally invasive oral macromolecule formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghavami
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Pedersen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rolf Bech Kjeldsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Zhongyang Zhang
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vasiliki Koulianou
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine (MMF), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Lasse Højlund Eklund Thamdrup
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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8
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Mahía A, Kiib AE, Nisavic M, Svenningsen EB, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. α-Lactam Electrophiles for Covalent Chemical Biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304142. [PMID: 37114559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic groups are one of the key pillars of contemporary chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. For instance, 3-membered N-heterocyclic compounds-such as aziridines, azirines, and oxaziridines-possess unique electronic and structural properties which underlie their potential and applicability as covalent tools. The α-lactams are also members of this group of compounds, however, their utility within the field remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate an α-lactam reagent (AM2) that is tolerant to aqueous buffers while being reactive towards biologically relevant nucleophiles. Interestingly, carboxylesterases 1 and 2 (CES1/2), both serine hydrolases with key roles in endo- and xenobiotic metabolism, were found as primary covalent targets for AM2 in HepG2 liver cancer cells. All in all, this study constitutes the starting point for the further development and exploration of α-lactam-based electrophilic probes in covalent chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mahía
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders E Kiib
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben B Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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9
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Nisavic M, Wørmer GJ, Nielsen CS, Jeppesen SM, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. oxSTEF Reagents Are Tunable and Versatile Electrophiles for Selective Disulfide-Rebridging of Native Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 37201197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective disulfide rebridging has emerged as a powerful strategy to modulate the structural and functional properties of proteins. Here, we introduce a novel class of electrophilic reagents, designated oxSTEF, that demonstrate excellent efficiency in disulfide rebridging via double thiol exchange. The oxSTEF reagents are prepared using an efficient synthetic sequence which may be diverted to obtain a range of derivatives allowing for tuning of reactivity or steric bulk. We demonstrate highly selective rebridging of cyclic peptides and native proteins, such as human growth hormone, and the absence of cross-reactivity with other nucleophilic amino acid residues. The oxSTEF conjugates undergo glutathione-mediated disintegration under tumor-relevant glutathione concentrations, which highlights their potential for use in targeted drug delivery. Finally, the α-dicarbonyl motif of the oxSTEF reagents enables "second phase" oxime ligation, which furthermore increases the thiol stability of the conjugates significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine─Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Gustav J Wørmer
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie S Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sofie M Jeppesen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine─Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Frandsen M, El-Chami K, Palmfeldt J, Smidt JM, Langballe MET, Sandahl A, Gothelf KV. Automated Solid-Phase Oligo(disulfide) Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303170. [PMID: 37005223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for automated solid-phase synthesis of oligo(disulfide)s was developed. It is based on a synthetic cycle comprising removal of a protection group from a resin-bound thiol followed by treatment with monomers containing a thiosulfonate as an activated precursor. For ease of purification and characterization the disulfide oligomers were synthesized as extensions of oligonucleotides on an automated oligonucleotide synthesizer. Six different dithiol monomer building blocks were synthesized. Sequence-defined oligomers of up to 7 disulfide units were synthesized and purified. The sequence of the oligomer was confirmed by tandem MS/MS analysis. One of the monomers contains a coumarin cargo that can be released by a thiol-mediated release mechanism. When the monomer was incorporated into an oligo(disulfide) and subjected to reducing conditions, the cargo was released under near-physiological conditions, which underlines the potential use of these molecules in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Frandsen
- Aarhus University Faculty of Science: Aarhus Universitet Science and Technology, iNANO and Department of Chemistry, DENMARK
| | - Kassem El-Chami
- Aarhus Universitet, iNANO and Department of Chemistry, DENMARK
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Aarhus Universitet, Department of Clinical Medicine, DENMARK
| | | | | | | | - Kurt Vesterager Gothelf
- Aarhus University, Centre for DNA Nanotechnology at the Dept. of Chemsitry and iNANO, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, DENMARK
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11
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Frandsen M, El-Chami K, Palmfeldt J, Smidt JM, Langballe MET, Sandahl A, Gothelf KV. Automated Solid‐Phase Oligo(disulfide) Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202303170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Frandsen
- Aarhus University Faculty of Science: Aarhus Universitet Science and Technology iNANO and Department of Chemistry DENMARK
| | - Kassem El-Chami
- Aarhus Universitet iNANO and Department of Chemistry DENMARK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt Vesterager Gothelf
- Aarhus University Centre for DNA Nanotechnology at the Dept. of Chemsitry and iNANO Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus DENMARK
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12
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Eggertsen PP, Hansen J, Andersen ML, Nielsen JF, Olsen RKJ, Palmfeldt J. Simultaneous measurement of kynurenine metabolites and explorative metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: A novel accurate method applied to serum and plasma samples from a large healthy cohort. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115304. [PMID: 36827735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine metabolites are emerging as promising clinical biomarkers in several diseases, especially within psychiatry. Unfortunately, they are difficult to detect, particularly the challenging neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). The aim of this study was twofold: First, to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (LC-MS) for simultaneous targeted quantification of key kynurenine metabolites together with untargeted metabolomics, and second, to demonstrate the feasibility of the method by exploring serum/plasma and gender differences in 120 healthy young adults between 18 and 30 years of age. A range of analytical columns (C18 and biphenyl columns) and mobile phases (acidic and alkaline) were systematically evaluated. The optimized LC-MS method was based on a biphenyl column, a water-methanol gradient with 0.2% formic acid, and authentic isotope-labeled standards for each kynurenine metabolite. Precision and accuracy of targeted quantification of the key kynurenine metabolites tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and QUIN were excellent, far exceeding the acceptance criteria specified by international guidelines. Median inter- and intra-day precision were < 6% in serum and plasma; the median accuracy was 2.4% in serum and 8% in plasma. Serum concentrations were ≤ 10% different from the corresponding concentrations in plasma for all kynurenine metabolites in healthy young adults. Men had higher levels (8-18%) of TRP, KYN, and KYNA than women (p ≤ 0.009), while no differences were observed for 3-HK and QUIN (p > 0.70). Incurred sample reanalysis of 10% of the samples yielded a median difference < 5% from the initial measurement, demonstrating the robustness of the method. Besides the targeted quantification of key kynurenine metabolites, our method was found to be suitable for simultaneous untargeted metabolomics analyses of hundreds of metabolites. A range of compound classes could be detected including amino acids, nucleic acids, dipeptides, antioxidants, and acylcarnitines, making explorative studies highly feasible. For example, we identified an additional kynurenine metabolite, 2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, which was 47% higher in males than females (adjusted p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, in this study, we present a reliable and robust LC-MS method for simultaneous targeted and untargeted metabolomics ready for both research and clinical use. We show that both serum and plasma can be used for kynurenine studies, and the reported gender differences are in accordance with the literature. Future studies should consider using biphenyl-based LC-MS columns to successfully detect QUIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Preben Eggertsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Malene Lundfold Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Denmark
| | - Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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13
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Curnock R, Yalci K, Palmfeldt J, Jäättelä M, Liu B, Carroll B. TFEB
‐dependent lysosome biogenesis is required for senescence. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111241. [PMID: 36970883 PMCID: PMC10152146 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells is recognised as a driver of tissue and organismal ageing. One of the gold-standard hallmarks of a senescent cell is an increase in lysosomal content, as measured by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (Senβ-Gal) activity. The lysosome plays a central role in integrating mitogenic and stress cues to control cell metabolism, which is known to be dysregulated in senescence. Despite this, little is known about the cause and consequence of lysosomal biogenesis in senescence. We find here that lysosomes in senescent cells are dysfunctional; they have higher pH, increased evidence of membrane damage and reduced proteolytic capacity. The significant increase in lysosomal content is however sufficient to maintain degradative capacity of the cell to a level comparable to proliferating control cells. We demonstrate that increased nuclear TFEB/TFE3 supports lysosome biogenesis, is a hallmark of multiple forms of senescence and is required for senescent cell survival. TFEB/TFE3 are hypo-phosphorylated and show constitutive nuclear localisation in senescence. Evidence suggests that several pathways may contribute to TFEB/TFE3 dysregulation in senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katy Yalci
- School of BiochemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bin Liu
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
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14
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Moeslund N, Zhang ZL, Dalsgaard FF, Glenting SB, Ilkjaer LB, Ryhammer P, Palmfeldt J, Pedersen M, Erasmus M, Eiskjaer H. Clamping of the Aortic Arch Vessels During Normothermic Regional Perfusion Does Not Negatively Affect Donor Cardiac Function in Donation After Circulatory Death. Transplantation 2023; 107:e3-e10. [PMID: 36042552 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemodynamic effects of aortic arch vessel (AAV) clamping during normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in donation after circulatory death is unknown. We investigated effects of AAV clamping during NRP compared with no clamping in a porcine model. METHODS In 16 pigs, hemodynamic parameters were recorded including biventricular pressure-volume measurements and invasive blood pressure. Additionally, blood gas parameters and inflammatory cytokines were used to assess the effect of AAV clamping. The animals were centrally cannulated for NRP, and baseline measurements were obtained before hypoxic circulatory arrest was induced by halting mechanical ventilation. During an 8-min asystole period, the animals were randomized to clamp (n = 8) or no-clamp (n = 8) of the AAV before commencement of NRP. During NRP, circulation was supported with norepinephrine (NE) and dobutamine. After 30 min of NRP, animals were weaned and observed for 180 min post-NRP. RESULTS All hearts were successfully reanimated and weaned from NRP. The nonclamp groups received significantly more NE to maintain a mean arterial pressure >60 mm Hg during and after NRP compared with the clamp group. There were no between group differences in blood pressure or cardiac output. Pressure-volume measurements demonstrated preserved cardiac function' including ejection fraction and diastolic and systolic function. No between group differences in inflammatory markers were observed. CONCLUSIONS AAV clamping did not negatively affect donor cardiac function or inflammation after circulatory death and NRP. Significantly less NE was used to support in the clamp group than in the nonclamp group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Moeslund
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department for Clinical Medicine-Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Zhang Long Zhang
- Department for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Flyvholm Dalsgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department for Clinical Medicine-Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Sif Bay Glenting
- Department for Clinical Medicine-Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Ilkjaer
- Department for Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Pia Ryhammer
- Department for Anesthesiology, Region Hospital Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Department for Clinical Medicine-Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Michiel Erasmus
- Department for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Eiskjaer
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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15
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Ipsen MB, Sørensen EMG, Thomsen EA, Weiss S, Haldrup J, Dalby A, Palmfeldt J, Bross P, Rasmussen M, Fredsøe J, Klingenberg S, Jochumsen MR, Bouchelouche K, Ulhøi BP, Borre M, Mikkelsen JG, Sørensen KD. A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen identifies novel PARP inhibitor resistance genes in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4271-4281. [PMID: 35933519 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair gene mutations are frequent in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), suggesting eligibility for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment. However, therapy resistance is a major clinical challenge and genes contributing to PARPi resistance are poorly understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, this study aimed at identifying genes involved in PARPi resistance in CRPC. Based on the screen, we identified PARP1, and six novel candidates associated with olaparib resistance upon knockout. For validation, we generated multiple knockout populations/clones per gene in C4 and/or LNCaP CRPC cells, which confirmed that loss of PARP1, ARH3, YWHAE, or UBR5 caused olaparib resistance. PARP1 or ARH3 knockout caused cross-resistance to other PARPis (veliparib and niraparib). Furthermore, PARP1 or ARH3 knockout led to reduced autophagy, while pharmacological induction of autophagy partially reverted their PARPi resistant phenotype. Tumor RNA sequencing of 126 prostate cancer patients identified low ARH3 expression as an independent predictor of recurrence. Our results advance the understanding of PARPi response by identifying four novel genes that contribute to PARPi sensitivity in CRPC and suggest a new model of PARPi resistance through decreased autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Blond Ipsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ea Marie Givskov Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Simone Weiss
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Haldrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Fredsøe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Klingenberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads R Jochumsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Bouchelouche
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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16
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Wu A, Wolley MJ, Wu Q, Cowley D, Palmfeldt J, Welling PA, Fenton RA, Stowasser M. Acute Intravenous NaCl and Volume Expansion Reduces Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter Abundance and Phosphorylation in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles. Kidney360 2022; 3:910-921. [PMID: 36128481 PMCID: PMC9438418 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000362022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Sodium chloride (NaCl) loading and volume expansion suppress the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal tubular reabsorption of NaCl and water, but effects on the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) and relevant renal transmembrane proteins that are responsible for this modulation in humans are less well investigated. Methods We used urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as an indirect readout to assess renal transmembrane proteins involved in NaCl and water homeostasis in 44 patients with hypertension who had repeatedly raised aldosterone/renin ratios undergoing infusion of 2 L of 0.9% saline over 4 hours. Results When measured by mass spectrometry in 13 patients, significant decreases were observed in NCC (median fold change [FC]=0.70); pendrin (FC=0.84); AQP2 (FC=0.62); and uEV markers, including ALIX (FC=0.65) and TSG101 (FC=0.66). Immunoblotting reproduced the reduction in NCC (FC=0.54), AQP2 (FC=0.42), ALIX (FC=0.52), and TSG101 (FC=0.55) in the remaining 31 patients, and demonstrated a significant decrease in phosphorylated NCC (pNCC; FC=0.49). However, after correction for ALIX, the reductions in NCC (FC=0.90) and pNCC (FC=1.00) were no longer apparent, whereas the significant decrease in AQP2 persisted (FC=0.62). Conclusion We conclude that (1) decreases in NCC and pNCC, induced by acute NaCl loading and volume expansion, may be due to diluted post-test urines; (2) the lack of change of NCC and pNCC when corrected for ALIX, despite a fall in plasma aldosterone, may be due to the lack of change in plasma K+; and (3) the decrease in AQP2 may be due to a decrease in vasopressin in response to volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Wu
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Greenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin J. Wolley
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Greenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, Australia,Department of Nephrology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diane Cowley
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Greenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul A. Welling
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Michael Stowasser
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Greenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Dinesen A, Winther A, Wall A, Märcher A, Palmfeldt J, Chudasama V, Wengel J, Gothelf KV, Baker JR, Howard KA. Albumin Biomolecular Drug Designs Stabilized through Improved Thiol Conjugation and a Modular Locked Nucleic Acid Functionalized Assembly. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:333-342. [PMID: 35129956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Albumin-nucleic acid biomolecular drug designs offer modular multifunctionalization and extended circulatory half-life. However, stability issues associated with conventional DNA nucleotides and maleimide bioconjugation chemistries limit the clinical potential. This work aims to improve the stability of this thiol conjugation and nucleic acid assembly by employing a fast-hydrolyzing monobromomaleimide (MBM) linker and nuclease-resistant nucleotide analogues, respectively. The biomolecular constructs were formed by site-selective conjugation of a 12-mer oligonucleotide to cysteine 34 (Cys34) of recombinant human albumin (rHA), followed by annealing of functionalized complementary strands bearing either a fluorophore or the cytotoxic drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). Formation of conjugates and assemblies was confirmed by gel shift analysis and mass spectrometry, followed by investigation of serum stability, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated cellular recycling, and cancer cell killing. The MBM linker afforded rapid conjugation to rHA and remained stable during hydrolysis. The albumin-nucleic acid biomolecular assembly composed of stabilized oligonucleotides exhibited high serum stability and retained FcRn engagement mediating FcRn-mediated cellular recycling. The MMAE-containing assembly exhibited cytotoxicity in the human MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line with an IC50 of 342 nM, triggered by drug release from breakdown of an acid-labile linker. In summary, this work presents rHA-nucleic acid module-based assemblies with improved stability and retained module functionality that further promotes the drug delivery potential of this biomolecular platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dinesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexander Winther
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Archie Wall
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Anders Märcher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Svenningsen EB, Ottosen RN, Jørgensen KH, Nisavic M, Larsen CK, Hansen BK, Wang Y, Lindorff-Larsen K, Tørring T, Hacker SM, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. The covalent reactivity of functionalized 5-hydroxy-butyrolactams is the basis for targeting of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) by the neurotrophic agent MT-21. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1216-1229. [PMID: 36320884 PMCID: PMC9533406 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalently acting compounds experience a strong interest within chemical biology both as molecular probes in studies of fundamental biological mechanisms and/or as novel drug candidates. In this context, the identification of new classes of reactive groups is particularly important as these can expose novel reactivity modes and, consequently, expand the ligandable proteome. Here, we investigated the electrophilic reactivity of the 3-acyl-5-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-one (AHPO) scaffold, a heterocyclic motif that is e.g. present in various bioactive natural products. Our investigations were focused on the compound MT-21 – a simplified structural analogue of the natural product epolactaene – which is known to have both neurotrophic activity and ability to trigger apoptotic cell death. We found that the central N-acyl hemiaminal group of MT-21 can function as an electrophilic centre enabling divergent reactivity with both amine- and thiol-based nucleophiles, which furthermore translated to reactivity with proteins in both cell lysates and live cells. We found that in live cells MT-21 strongly engaged the lipid transport protein fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) by direct binding to a cysteine residue in the bottom of the ligand binding pocket. Through preparation of a series of MT-21 derivatives, we probed the specificity of this interaction which was found to be strongly dependent on subtle structural changes. Our study suggests that MT-21 may be employed as a tool compound in future studies of the biology of FABP5, which remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, our study has also made clear that other natural products containing the AHPO-motif may likewise possess covalent reactivity and that this property may underlie their biological activity. In this work, it is shown that an N-acyl hemiaminal motif present in many natural products can function as an electrophilic centre, mediating covalent reactivity in biological systems, reacting with both thiols and amines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus N. Ottosen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine – Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Camilla K. Larsen
- Department of Engineering – Microbial Biosynthesis, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bente K. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yong Wang
- Copenhagen Biocenter, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Tørring
- Department of Engineering – Microbial Biosynthesis, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stephan M. Hacker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, NL-2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine – Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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Fernandez-Guerra P, Gonzalez-Ebsen AC, Boonen SE, Courraud J, Gregersen N, Mehlsen J, Palmfeldt J, Olsen RKJ, Brinth LS. Bioenergetic and Proteomic Profiling of Immune Cells in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: An Exploratory Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:961. [PMID: 34209852 PMCID: PMC8301912 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a heterogeneous, debilitating, and complex disease. Along with disabling fatigue, ME/CFS presents an array of other core symptoms, including autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, sustained inflammation, altered energy metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we evaluated patients' symptomatology and the mitochondrial metabolic parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma from a clinically well-characterised cohort of six ME/CFS patients compared to age- and gender-matched controls. We performed a comprehensive cellular assessment using bioenergetics (extracellular flux analysis) and protein profiles (quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics) together with self-reported symptom measures of fatigue, ANS dysfunction, and overall physical and mental well-being. This ME/CFS cohort presented with severe fatigue, which correlated with the severity of ANS dysfunction and overall physical well-being. PBMCs from ME/CFS patients showed significantly lower mitochondrial coupling efficiency. They exhibited proteome alterations, including altered mitochondrial metabolism, centred on pyruvate dehydrogenase and coenzyme A metabolism, leading to a decreased capacity to provide adequate intracellular ATP levels. Overall, these results indicate that PBMCs from ME/CFS patients have a decreased ability to fulfill their cellular energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernandez-Guerra
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.C.G.-E.); (N.G.); (J.P.)
- KMEB, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana C. Gonzalez-Ebsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.C.G.-E.); (N.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Susanne E. Boonen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Julie Courraud
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.C.G.-E.); (N.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Jesper Mehlsen
- Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, Juliane Marie Center, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.C.G.-E.); (N.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Rikke K. J. Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.C.G.-E.); (N.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Louise Schouborg Brinth
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Nordsjaellands Hospital, 2400 Hilleroed, Denmark;
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20
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Paternoster V, Edhager AV, Qvist P, Donskov JG, Shliaha P, Jensen ON, Mors O, Nielsen AL, Børglum AD, Palmfeldt J, Christensen JH. Inactivation of the Schizophrenia-associated BRD1 gene in Brain Causes Failure-to-thrive, Seizure Susceptibility and Abnormal Histone H3 Acetylation and N-tail Clipping. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4495-4505. [PMID: 34056693 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have repeatedly shown that the Bromodomain containing 1 gene, BRD1, is involved in determining mental health, and the importance of the BRD1 protein for normal brain function has been studied in both cell models and constitutive haploinsufficient Brd1+/- mice. Homozygosity for inactivated Brd1 alleles is lethal during embryonic development in mice. In order to further characterize the molecular functions of BRD1 in the brain, we have developed a novel Brd1 knockout mouse model (Brd1-/-) with bi-allelic conditional inactivation of Brd1 in the central nervous system. Brd1-/- mice were viable but smaller and with reduced muscle strength. They showed reduced exploratory behavior and increased sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures supporting the previously described GABAergic dysfunction in constitutive Brd1+/- mice. Because BRD1 takes part in protein complexes with histone binding and modifying functions, we investigated the effect of BRD1 depletion on the global histone modification pattern in mouse brain by mass spectrometry. We found decreased levels of histone H3 acetylation (H3K9ac, H3K14ac, and H3K18ac) and increased N-tail clipping in consequence of BRD1 depletion. Collectively, the presented results support that BRD1 controls gene expression at the epigenetic level by regulating histone H3 proteoforms in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Paternoster
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Valdemar Edhager
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Qvist
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Grinderslev Donskov
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pavel Shliaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Nørregaard Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Lade Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Dupont Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane Hvarregaard Christensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Märcher
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Brendstrupgårdsvej 21A 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Brendstrupgårdsvej 21A 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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22
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Märcher A, Palmfeldt J, Nisavic M, Gothelf KV. A Reagent for Amine‐Directed Conjugation to IgG1 Antibodies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6539-6544. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Märcher
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Brendstrupgårdsvej 21A 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Brendstrupgårdsvej 21A 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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23
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Al-Mashhadi RH, Al-Mashhadi AL, Nasr ZP, Mortensen MB, Lewis EA, Camafeita E, Ravlo K, Al-Mashhadi Z, Kjær DW, Palmfeldt J, Bie P, Jensen JM, Nørgaard BL, Falk E, Vázquez J, Bentzon JF. Local Pressure Drives Low-Density Lipoprotein Accumulation and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive Minipigs. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:575-589. [PMID: 33538256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which hypertension accelerates coronary artery disease are poorly understood. Patients with hypertension often have confounding humoral changes, and to date, no experimental models have allowed analysis of the isolated effect of pressure on atherosclerosis in a setting that recapitulates the dimensions and biomechanics of human coronary arteries. OBJECTIVES This study sought to analyze the effect of pressure on coronary atherosclerosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Using inflatable suprarenal aortic cuffs, we increased mean arterial pressure by >30 mm Hg in the cephalad body part of wild-type and hypercholesterolemic proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9)D374Y Yucatan minipigs for >1 year. Caudal pressures remained normal. RESULTS Under hypercholesterolemic conditions in PCSK9D374Y transgenic minipigs, cephalad hypertension accelerated coronary atherosclerosis to almost 5-fold with consistent development of fibroatheromas that were sufficiently large to cause stenosis on computed tomography angiography. This was caused by local pressure forces, because vascular beds shielded from hypertension, but exposed to the same humoral factors, showed no changes in lesion formation. The same experiment was conducted under normocholesterolemic conditions in wild-type minipigs to examine the underlying mechanisms. Hypertension produced clear changes in the arterial proteome with increased abundance of mechanical strength proteins and reduced levels of infiltrating plasma macromolecules. This was paralleled by increased smooth muscle cells and increased intimal accumulation of low-density lipoproteins in the coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS Increased pressure per se facilitates coronary atherosclerosis. Our data indicate that restructuring of the artery to match increased tensile forces in hypertension alters the passage of macromolecules and leads to increased intimal accumulation of low-density lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozh H Al-Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ahmed L Al-Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zahra P Nasr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Bødtker Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esmeralda A Lewis
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristian Ravlo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheer Al-Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel W Kjær
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Bie
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper M Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarne L Nørgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erling Falk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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24
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Login FH, Palmfeldt J, Cheah JS, Yamada S, Nejsum LN. Aquaporin-5 regulation of cell-cell adhesion proteins: an elusive "tail" story. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C282-C292. [PMID: 33175575 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00496.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels that facilitate transport of water across cellular membranes. AQPs are overexpressed in several cancers. Especially in breast cancer, AQP5 overexpression correlates with spread to lymph nodes and poor prognosis. Previously, we showed that AQP5 expression reduced cell-cell adhesion by reducing levels of adherens and tight-junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1, plakoglobin, and β-catenin) at the actual junctions. Here, we show that, when targeted to the plasma membrane, the AQP5 COOH-terminal tail domain regulated junctional proteins and, moreover, that AQP5 interacted with ZO-1, plakoglobin, β-catenin, and desmoglein-2, which were all reduced at junctions upon AQP5 overexpression. Thus, our data suggest that AQP5 mediates the effect on cell-cell adhesion via interactions with junctional proteins independently of AQP5-mediated water transport. AQP5 overexpression in cancers may thus contribute to carcinogenesis and cancer spread by two independent mechanisms: reduced cell-cell adhesion, a characteristic of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and increased cell migration capacity via water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric H Login
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joleen S Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Hollensen AK, Thomsen HS, Lloret-Llinares M, Kamstrup AB, Jensen JM, Luckmann M, Birkmose N, Palmfeldt J, Jensen TH, Hansen TB, Damgaard CK. circZNF827 nucleates a transcription inhibitory complex to balance neuronal differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:e58478. [PMID: 33174841 PMCID: PMC7657652 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are important for many cellular processes but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we map circRNA inventories of mouse embryonic stem cells, neuronal progenitor cells and differentiated neurons and identify hundreds of highly expressed circRNAs. By screening several candidate circRNAs for a potential function in neuronal differentiation, we find that circZNF827 represses expression of key neuronal markers, suggesting that this molecule negatively regulates neuronal differentiation. Among 760 tested genes linked to known neuronal pathways, knockdown of circZNF827 deregulates expression of numerous genes including nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), which becomes transcriptionally upregulated to enhance NGF signaling. We identify a circZNF827-nucleated transcription-repressive complex containing hnRNP-K/L proteins and show that knockdown of these factors strongly augments NGFR regulation. Finally, we show that the ZNF827 protein is part of the mRNP complex, suggesting a functional co-evolution of a circRNA and the protein encoded by its linear pre-mRNA host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Lloret-Llinares
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, HinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Majbritt Luckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Nanna Birkmose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Torben Heick Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Thomas B Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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26
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Carlsen J, Cömert C, Bross P, Palmfeldt J. Optimized High-Contrast Brightfield Microscopy Application for Noninvasive Proliferation Assays of Human Cell Cultures. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 18:215-225. [PMID: 32692633 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-contrast brightfield (HCBF) microscopy has emerged as a strong tool for noninvasive counting of cells in culture. HCBF imaging delivers precise cell growth data and is completely label free rendering it an attractive alternative to common cell counting procedures that often adversely affect cell growth. With computational image analysis, HCBF achieves efficient high-throughput automated workflows, extremely relevant for drug and chemical screens in pharmaceutical, toxicological, and biomedical research. We demonstrate the applicability of HCBF microscopy to count three common cell types (HEK293, Huh7, and primary human dermal fibroblasts) with diverse morphology challenging the method. The three cell types required different analysis settings, and we identified two parameters of the computational image analysis, which after cell-specific optimization significantly improved the cell counting accuracy, namely the lower size limit and the intensity threshold. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging approaches, which have obtained great attention in recent years, were an interesting prospect to combine with HCBF microscopy. We optimized the analysis of two 3D outputs but found 3D HCBF imaging to be inferior to the optimized single-layer HCBF imaging for cell counting. HCBF cell counts were highly linearly correlated with (R2 > 0.99) and highly similar (<15% difference) to cell counts obtained through Hoechst staining, over a broad range of densities allowing at least this level of accuracy for two to three cell generations in Huh7 cells and fibroblasts. Counts of HEK293 cells correlated somewhat less. In conclusion, the HCBF cell counting method is excellently suited for cell proliferation assays and cytotoxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Carlsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Cagla Cömert
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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27
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Rajkumar AP, Qvist P, Donskov JG, Lazarus R, Pallesen J, Nava N, Winther G, Liebenberg N, Cour SHL, Paternoster V, Fryland T, Palmfeldt J, Fejgin K, Mørk A, Nyegaard M, Pakkenberg B, Didriksen M, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G, Mors O, Christensen JH, Børglum AD. Reduced Brd1 expression leads to reversible depression-like behaviors and gene-expression changes in female mice. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:239. [PMID: 32681022 PMCID: PMC7367888 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The schizophrenia-associated gene, BRD1, encodes an epigenetic regulator in which chromatin interactome is enriched with genes implicated in mental health. Alterations in histone modifications and epigenetic regulation contribute to brain transcriptomic changes in affective disorders and preclinical data supports a role for BRD1 in psychopathology. However, the implication of BRD1 on affective pathology remains poorly understood. In this study, we assess affective behaviors and associated neurobiology in Brd1+/- mice along with their responses to Fluoxetine and Imipramine. This involves behavioral, neurostructural, and neurochemical characterizations along with regional cerebral gene expression profiling combined with integrative functional genomic analyses. We report behavioral changes in female Brd1+/- mice with translational value to depressive symptomatology that can be alleviated by the administration of antidepressant medications. Behavioral changes are accompanied by altered brain morphometry and imbalances in monoaminergic systems. In accordance, gene expression changes across brain tissues reveal altered neurotransmitter signaling and cluster in functional pathways associated with depression including 'Adrenergic-, GPCR-, cAMP-, and CREB/CREM-signaling'. Integrative gene expression analysis specifically links changes in amygdaloid intracellular signaling activity to the behavioral treatment response in Brd1+/- mice. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of BRD1 as a modulator of affective pathology and adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying affective disorders and their treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto P. Rajkumar
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Per Qvist
- IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Julie G. Donskov
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ross Lazarus
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Computational Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jonatan Pallesen
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoletta Nava
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Winther
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nico Liebenberg
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sanne H. la Cour
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veerle Paternoster
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Fryland
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Fejgin
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Mørk
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Didriksen
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XPsychosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane H. Christensen
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Laustsen C, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Løbner MH, Palmfeldt J, Bertelsen LB. Hyperpolarized [1,4- 13C]fumarate imaging detects microvascular complications and hypoxia mediated cell death in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9650. [PMID: 32541797 PMCID: PMC7295762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, there is a general lack of prognostic biomarkers for development of renal disease and in particular diabetic nephropathy. Increased glycolytic activity, lactate accumulation and altered mitochondrial oxygen utilization are hallmarks of diabetic kidney disease. Fumarate hydratase activity has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction as well as activation of the hypoxia inducible factor, induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Here, we investigate fumarate hydratase activity in biofluids in combination with the molecular imaging probe, hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate, to identify the early changes associated with hemodynamics and cell death in a streptozotocin rat model of type 1 diabetes. We found a significantly altered hemodynamic signature of [1,4-13C2]fumarate in the diabetic kidneys as well as an systemic increased metabolic conversion of fumarate-to-malate, indicative of increased cell death associated with progression of diabetes, while little to no renal specific conversion was observed. This suggest apoptosis as the main cause of cell death in the diabetic kidney. This is likely resulting from an increased reactive oxygen species production following uncoupling of the electron transport chain at complex II. The mechanism coupling the enzyme leakage and apoptotic phenotype is hypoxia inducible factor independent and seemingly functions as a protective mechanism in the kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hadberg Løbner
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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29
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Cömert C, Brick L, Ang D, Palmfeldt J, Meaney BF, Kozenko M, Georgopoulos C, Fernandez-Guerra P, Bross P. A recurrent de novo HSPD1 variant is associated with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2020; 6:mcs.a004879. [PMID: 32532876 PMCID: PMC7304351 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardization of the use of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of rare neurological disorders has made it possible to detect potential disease-causing genetic variations, including de novo variants. However, the lack of a clear pathogenic relevance of gene variants poses a critical limitation for translating this genetic information into clinical practice, increasing the necessity to perform functional assays. Genetic screening is currently recommended in the guidelines for diagnosis of hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs). HLDs represent a group of rare heterogeneous disorders that interfere with the myelination of the neurons in the central nervous system. One of the HLD-related genes is HSPD1, encoding the mitochondrial chaperone heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), which functions as folding machinery for the mitochondrial proteins imported into the mitochondrial matrix space. Disease-causing HSPD1 variants have been associated with an autosomal recessive form of fatal hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD4, MitCHAP60 disease; MIM #612233) and an autosomal dominant form of spastic paraplegia, type 13 (SPG13; MIM #605280). In 2018, a de novo HSPD1 variant was reported in a patient with HLD. Here, we present another case carrying the same heterozygous de novo variation in the HSPD1 gene (c.139T > G, p.Leu47Val) associated with an HLD phenotype. Our molecular studies show that the variant HSP60 protein is stably present in the patient's fibroblasts, and functional assays demonstrate that the variant protein lacks in vivo function, thus confirming its disease association. We conclude that de novo variations of the HSPD1 gene should be considered as potentially disease-causing in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of the HLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Cömert
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lauren Brick
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Debbie Ang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Brandon F Meaney
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mariya Kozenko
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Costa Georgopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA
| | - Paula Fernandez-Guerra
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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30
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Bie AS, Cömert C, Körner R, Corydon TJ, Palmfeldt J, Hipp MS, Hartl FU, Bross P. An inventory of interactors of the human HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin in the mitochondrial matrix space. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:407-416. [PMID: 32060690 PMCID: PMC7192978 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin assists folding of proteins in the mitochondrial matrix space by enclosing them in its central cavity. The chaperonin forms part of the mitochondrial protein quality control system. It is essential for cellular survival and mutations in its subunits are associated with rare neurological disorders. Here we present the first survey of interactors of the human mitochondrial HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin. Using a protocol involving metabolic labeling of HEK293 cells, cross-linking, and immunoprecipitation of HSP60, we identified 323 interacting proteins. As expected, the vast majority of these proteins are localized to the mitochondrial matrix space. We find that approximately half of the proteins annotated as mitochondrial matrix proteins interact with the HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin. They cover a broad spectrum of functions and metabolic pathways including the mitochondrial protein synthesis apparatus, the respiratory chain, and mitochondrial protein quality control. Many of the genes encoding HSP60 interactors are annotated as disease genes. There is a correlation between relative cellular abundance and relative abundance in the HSP60 immunoprecipitates. Nineteen abundant matrix proteins occupy more than 60% of the HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin capacity. The reported inventory of interactors can form the basis for interrogating which proteins are especially dependent on the chaperonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sigaard Bie
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Cagla Cömert
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Roman Körner
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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31
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Mortensen MR, Skovsgaard MB, Märcher A, Andersen VL, Palmfeldt J, Nielsen TB, Tørring T, Laursen NS, Andersen KR, Kjems J, Gothelf KV. Introduction of an Aldehyde Handle on Nanobodies by Affinity-Guided Labeling. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1295-1300. [PMID: 32320218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified antigen-binding proteins are widely applied for their targeting abilities in the fields of biotechnology, medicine, and diagnostics. However, the production of site-selectively modified proteins remains a challenge. Here, we have designed a chemical probe for the introduction of a reactive aldehyde on nanobodies by metal-complex-guided conjugation. The probe design allows for purification of the conjugates, and the aldehyde constitutes an efficient handle for further modification of the nanobodies. In vitro experiments confirmed the binding activity and selectivity of fluorescent conjugates toward the native antigen. Furthermore, the modification strategy allowed for production of a nanobody-drug conjugate that was active in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Mortensen
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Skovsgaard
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Märcher
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Veronica L Andersen
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn B Nielsen
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Tørring
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nick S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design and DNRF Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPat) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Grings M, Seminotti B, Karunanidhi A, Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Mohsen AW, Wipf P, Palmfeldt J, Vockley J, Leipnitz G. ETHE1 and MOCS1 deficiencies: Disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, redox homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk in patient fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12651. [PMID: 31477743 PMCID: PMC6718683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ETHE1) and molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) deficiencies are hereditary disorders that affect the catabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. ETHE1 deficiency is caused by mutations in the ETHE1 gene, while MoCo deficiency is due to mutations in one of three genes involved in MoCo biosynthesis (MOCS1, MOCS2 and GPHN). Patients with both disorders exhibit abnormalities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, among other biochemical findings. However, the pathophysiology of the defects has not been elucidated. To characterize cellular derangements, mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication, superoxide production and apoptosis were evaluated in fibroblasts from four patients with ETHE1 deficiency and one with MOCS1 deficiency. The effect of JP4-039, a promising mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, was also tested on cells. Our data show that mitochondrial respiration was decreased in all patient cell lines. ATP depletion and increased mitochondrial mass was identified in the same cells, while variable alterations in mitochondrial fusion and fission were seen. High superoxide levels were found in all cells and were decreased by treatment with JP4-039, while the respiratory chain activity was increased by this antioxidant in cells in which it was impaired. The content of VDAC1 and IP3R, proteins involved in ER-mitochondria communication, was decreased, while DDIT3, a marker of ER stress, and apoptosis were increased in all cell lines. These data demonstrate that previously unrecognized broad disturbances of cellular function are involved in the pathophysiology of ETHE1 and MOCS1 deficiencies, and that reduction of mitochondrial superoxide by JP4-039 is a promising strategy for adjuvant therapy of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Lina Ghaloul-Gonzalez
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
Acyclic (l)-threoninol nucleic acids ((l)-aTNA) containing poly-cytosines are prepared and investigated at various pH values, revealing the formation of a highly stable structure at lower pH that have the characteristics of an i-motif. Depending on the sequence, the aTNA forms inter-, bi- and intra-molecular i-motif structures. Pyrene was conjugated to aTNA sequences and both monomeric and excimer fluorescence were efficiently quenched by the i-motif structures and thus demonstrated that the aTNA i-motif can serve as a pH switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design (CEMBID), iNANO and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thuy J D Nguyen
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design (CEMBID), iNANO and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Research Unit for Molecular Medicine Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design (CEMBID), iNANO and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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34
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Wørmer GJ, Hansen BK, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. A Cyclopropene Electrophile that Targets Glutathione S‐Transferase Omega‐1 in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav J. Wørmer
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Bente K. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine—Research Unit for Molecular Medicine Aarhus University hospital Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Wørmer GJ, Hansen BK, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. A Cyclopropene Electrophile that Targets Glutathione S‐Transferase Omega‐1 in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11918-11922. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav J. Wørmer
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Bente K. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine—Research Unit for Molecular Medicine Aarhus University hospital Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Abstract
A method for aptamer directed conjugation of DNA to therapeutic antibodies has been developed. In the method, an antibody selective aptamer binds to a specific site in the constant domain of human IgG1 antibodies and is used for both templated and direct conjugation to the antibodies. Through optimization of the design and reaction conditions, the antibody-DNA conjugates could be produced efficiently using equal stoichiometry of protein and DNA. Three different antibodies were evaluated, and the conjugates were characterized by anion exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE. The conjugation sites for one of the antibodies were determined by MS/MS analysis of the digested conjugate. The antibody-DNA conjugate was also tested for receptor binding on cell surfaces showing retained binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel B Skovsgaard
- iNANO, Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael R Mortensen
- iNANO, Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99 , DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- iNANO, Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Wang Y, Palmfeldt J, Gregersen N, Makhov AM, Conway JF, Wang M, McCalley SP, Basu S, Alharbi H, St Croix C, Calderon MJ, Watkins S, Vockley J. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and the electron transport chain comprise a multifunctional mitochondrial protein complex. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12380-12391. [PMID: 31235473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three mitochondrial metabolic pathways are required for efficient energy production in eukaryotic cells: the electron transfer chain (ETC), fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The ETC is organized into inner mitochondrial membrane supercomplexes that promote substrate channeling and catalytic efficiency. Although previous studies have suggested functional interaction between FAO and the ETC, their physical interaction has never been demonstrated. In this study, using blue native gel and two-dimensional electrophoreses, nano-LC-MS/MS, immunogold EM, and stimulated emission depletion microscopy, we show that FAO enzymes physically interact with ETC supercomplexes at two points. We found that the FAO trifunctional protein (TFP) interacts with the NADH-binding domain of complex I of the ETC, whereas the electron transfer enzyme flavoprotein dehydrogenase interacts with ETC complex III. Moreover, the FAO enzyme very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase physically interacted with TFP, thereby creating a multifunctional energy protein complex. These findings provide a first view of an integrated molecular architecture for the major energy-generating pathways in mitochondria that ensures the safe transfer of unstable reducing equivalents from FAO to the ETC. They also offer insight into clinical ramifications for individuals with genetic defects in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexander M Makhov
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - James F Conway
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Meicheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Stephen P McCalley
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Shrabani Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Hana Alharbi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Michael J Calderon
- Center for Rare Disease Therapy, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Rare Disease Therapy, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Rare Disease Therapy, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.
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38
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Hansen J, Palmfeldt J, Pedersen KW, Funder AD, Frost L, Hasselstrøm JB, Jornil JR. Postmortem protein stability investigations of the human hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 using mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2019; 194:125-131. [PMID: 30529742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Variability in expression and activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can play a causal role in fatal intoxication cases and is thus of forensic interest. We investigated the feasibility of LC-MS/MS based quantification and in vitro enzyme activity measurements of two major drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in postmortem human liver microsomes (HLM). In autopsy cases (postmortem interval 24-36 h) we found CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 protein levels similar to that measured in a non-decayed reference HLM pool, whereas CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme activities were absent or severely decreased. Stability studies showed that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 protein abundances were relatively stable in tissue stored in vitro for up to seven days at 4 °C. When tissue was stored for more than one day at 21 °C variable and case-specific decay patterns were observed, and CYP abundances declined especially after 3-4 days storage. Investigations of 50 autopsy cases revealed mean CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 levels of 49 and 47 pmol per mg HLM protein and inter-individual variabilities similar to those reported in other studies. This study supports postmortem quantification of CYP proteins in autopsy hepatic tissue by mass spectrometry. SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates that MS-based detection of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) proteins is achievable in postmortem hepatic tissue and that acceptable quantification data are obtainable but dependent on the storage conditions and postmortem sampling time. CYP abundance data could contribute to a conceivable way of assessing individual CYP activity phenotypes in a postmortem context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Frost
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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39
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Hansen BK, Loveridge CJ, Thyssen S, Wørmer GJ, Nielsen AD, Palmfeldt J, Johannsen M, Poulsen TB. STEFs: Activated Vinylogous Protein-Reactive Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3533-3537. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bente K. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Stine Thyssen
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Aarhus University; Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Gustav J. Wørmer
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Andreas D. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine; Aarhus University hospital; Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Aarhus University; Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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40
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Hansen BK, Loveridge CJ, Thyssen S, Wørmer GJ, Nielsen AD, Palmfeldt J, Johannsen M, Poulsen TB. STEFs: Activated Vinylogous Protein-Reactive Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bente K. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Stine Thyssen
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Aarhus University; Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Gustav J. Wørmer
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Andreas D. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine; Aarhus University hospital; Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Aarhus University; Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99 8200 Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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41
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Mortensen MR, Nielsen NL, Palmfeldt J, Gothelf KV. Imidazole carbamate probes for affinity guided azide-transfer to metal-binding proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1379-1383. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Probes for affinity guided conjugation have shown great promise for the preparation of high-quality protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosholm Mortensen
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Nanna Louise Nielsen
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine
- Aarhus University
- 8200 Aarhus N
- Denmark
| | - Kurt Vesterager Gothelf
- Center for Multifunctional Biomolecular Drug Design at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
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42
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Paternoster V, Svanborg M, Edhager AV, Rajkumar AP, Eickhardt EA, Pallesen J, Grove J, Qvist P, Fryland T, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR, Mors O, Palmfeldt J, Børglum AD, Christensen JH. Brain proteome changes in female Brd1 +/- mice unmask dendritic spine pathology and show enrichment for schizophrenia risk. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:479-488. [PMID: 30590179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and molecular studies have implicated the Bromodomain containing 1 (BRD1) gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Accordingly, mice heterozygous for a targeted deletion of Brd1 (Brd1+/- mice) show behavioral phenotypes with broad translational relevance to psychiatric disorders. BRD1 encodes a scaffold protein that affects the expression of many genes through modulation of histone acetylation. BRD1 target genes have been identified in cell lines; however the impact of reduced Brd1 levels on the brain proteome is largely unknown. In this study, we applied label-based quantitative mass spectrometry to profile the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum proteome and synaptosomal proteome of female Brd1+/- mice. We successfully quantified between 1537 and 2196 proteins and show widespread changes in protein abundancies and compartmentalization. By integrative analysis of human genetic data, we find that the differentially abundant proteins in frontal cortex and hippocampus are enriched for schizophrenia risk further linking the actions of BRD1 to psychiatric disorders. Affected proteins were further enriched for proteins involved in processes known to influence neuronal and dendritic spine morphology e.g. regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and mitochondrial function. Directly prompted in these findings, we investigated dendritic spine morphology of pyramidal neurons in anterior cingulate cortex and found them significantly altered, including reduced size of small dendritic spines and decreased number of the mature mushroom type. Collectively, our study describes known as well as new mechanisms related to BRD1 dysfunction and its role in psychiatric disorders, and provides evidence for the molecular and cellular dysfunctions underlying altered neurosignalling and cognition in Brd1+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Paternoster
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Maria Svanborg
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anto P Rajkumar
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health of Older Adults and Dementia Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Esben Ahlburg Eickhardt
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonatan Pallesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Bioinformatics Research Centre, BiRC, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Qvist
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Fryland
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Dupont Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane Hvarregaard Christensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sibbersen C, Schou Oxvig AM, Bisgaard Olesen S, Nielsen CB, Galligan JJ, Jørgensen KA, Palmfeldt J, Johannsen M. Profiling of Methylglyoxal Blood Metabolism and Advanced Glycation End-Product Proteome Using a Chemical Probe. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3294-3305. [PMID: 30508371 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is quantitatively the most important precursor to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and evidence is accumulating that it is also a causally linked to diabetes and aging related diseases. Living systems primarily reside on the glyoxalase system to detoxify MG into benign d-lactate. The flux to either glycation or detoxification, accordingly, is a key parameter for how well a system handles the ubiquitous glyoxal burden. Furthermore, insight into proteins and in particular their individual modification sites are central to understanding the involvement of MG and AGE in diabetes and aging related diseases. Here, we present a simple method to simultaneously monitor the flux of MG both to d-lactate and to protein AGE formation in a biological sample by employing an alkyne-labeled methylglyoxal probe. We apply the method to blood and plasma to demonstrate the impact of blood cell glyoxalase activity on plasma protein AGE formation. We move on to isolate proteins modified by the MG probe and accordingly can present the first general inventory of more than 100 proteins and 300 binding sites of the methylglyoxal probe on plasma as well as erythrocytic proteins. Some of the data could be validated against a number of in vivo and in vitro targets for advanced glycation previously known from the literature; the majority of proteins and specific sites however were previously unknown and may guide future research into MG and AGE to elucidate how these are functionally linked to diabetic disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sibbersen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Schou Oxvig
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Sarah Bisgaard Olesen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - James J. Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | | | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
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Sahebekhtiari N, Fernandez-Guerra P, Nochi Z, Carlsen J, Bross P, Palmfeldt J. Deficiency of the mitochondrial sulfide regulator ETHE1 disturbs cell growth, glutathione level and causes proteome alterations outside mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:126-135. [PMID: 30391543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial enzyme ETHE1 is a persulfide dioxygenase essential for cellular sulfide detoxification, and its deficiency causes the severe and complex inherited metabolic disorder ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE). In spite of well-described clinical symptoms of the disease, detailed cellular and molecular characterization is still ambiguous. Cellular redox regulation has been described to be influenced in ETHE1 deficient cells, and to clarify this further we applied image cytometry and detected decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in cultivated EE patient fibroblast cells. Cell growth initiation of the EE patient cells was impaired, whereas cell cycle regulation was not. Furthermore, Seahorse metabolic analyzes revealed decreased extracellular acidification, i. e. decreased lactate formation from glycolysis, in the EE patient cells. TMT-based large-scale proteomics was subsequently performed to broadly elucidate cellular consequences of the ETHE1 deficiency. More than 130 proteins were differentially regulated, of which the majority were non-mitochondrial. The proteomics data revealed a link between ETHE1-deficiency and down-regulation of several ribosomal proteins and LIM domain proteins important for cellular maintenance, and up-regulation of cell surface glycoproteins. Furthermore, several proteins of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were perturbed including proteins influencing disulfide bond formation (e.g. protein disulfide isomerases and peroxiredoxin 4) and calcium-regulated proteins. The results indicate that decreased level of reduced GSH and alterations in proteins of ribosomes, ER and of cell adhesion lie behind the disrupted cell growth of the EE patient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sahebekhtiari
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Paula Fernandez-Guerra
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Zahra Nochi
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jasper Carlsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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45
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Kingo PS, Rasmussen TM, Jakobsen LK, Palmfeldt J, Nørregaard R, Borre M, Jensen JB. Robot-assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion vs. open mini-laparotomy cystectomy: evaluation of surgical inflammatory response and immunosuppressive ability of CO 2-pneumoperitoneum in an experimental porcine study. Scand J Urol 2018; 52:249-255. [PMID: 30185097 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2018.1484508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS To compare surgical inflammatory response (SIR) after radical cystectomy (RC) in a porcine model using minimal invasive techniques. Additionally we aimed to investigate the potential immunosuppressive ability of preoperative CO2-pneumoperitoneum (CO2P). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty female landrace pigs were randomized to five groups: Three intervention groups all having a cystectomy and an ileal conduit either done by robot-assisted laparoscopic technique with intracorporeal urinary diversion (RALC) or an open mini-laparotomy with or without prior CO2P (OMC ± CO2P). Two control sham groups with or without prior CO2P (S ± CO2P). Serum samples were obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperative, 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively, and the inflammatory mediators CRP, Haptoglobin, Ceruloplasmin, Albumin, Cortisol, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 and IFN-α were measured. RESULTS Operative time was significantly longer in RALC compared to open groups (OMC ± CO2P) (p's < .0001). CRP and Haptoglobin levels were significantly higher for surgical intervention groups (SIG) compared to controls 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively (p's < .001). At 48 hours, CRP was higher for RALC vs OMC + CO2P (p = .029). At 72 hours, Haptoglobin was higher for RALC vs open groups (p's < .024). Ceruloplasmin, cortisol, albumin, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 and IFN-α, revealed no significant differences between SIG. CONCLUSIONS No major differences were found between RALC and OMC regarding the degree of tissue trauma quantified by inflammatory markers. Thirty minutes of CO2-insufflation preoperative appears to have a transient immunosuppressive effect of the innate postoperative SIR, whereas prolonged CO2P apparently diminishes this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Skjold Kingo
- a Department of Urology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark.,b Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Kaasgaard Jakobsen
- a Department of Urology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark.,b Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- b Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- b Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- a Department of Urology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark.,b Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
- a Department of Urology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark.,b Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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46
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Al-Saaidi RA, Rasmussen TB, Birkler RID, Palmfeldt J, Beqqali A, Pinto YM, Nissen PH, Baandrup U, Mølgaard H, Hey TM, Eiskjaer H, Bross P, Mogensen J. The clinical outcome of LMNA missense mutations can be associated with the amount of mutated protein in the nuclear envelope. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1404-1412. [PMID: 29943882 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lamin A/C mutations are generally believed to be associated with a severe prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate disease expression in three affected families carrying different LMNA missense mutations. Furthermore, the potential molecular disease mechanisms of the mutations were investigated in fibroblasts obtained from mutation carriers. METHODS AND RESULTS A LMNA-p.Arg216Cys missense mutation was identified in a large family with 36 mutation carriers. Disease expression was unusual with a late onset and a favourable prognosis. Two smaller families with severe disease expression were shown to carry a LMNA-p.Arg471Cys and LMNA-p.Arg471His mutation, respectively. LMNA gene and protein expression was investigated in eight different mutation carriers by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and protein mass spectrometry. The results showed that all mutation carriers incorporated mutated lamin protein into the nuclear envelope. Interestingly, the ratio of mutated to wild-type protein was only 30:70 in LMNA-p.Arg216Cys carriers with a favourable prognosis while LMNA-p.Arg471Cys and LMNA-p.Arg471His carriers with a more severe outcome expressed significantly more of the mutated protein by a ratio of 50:50. CONCLUSION The clinical findings indicated that some LMNA mutations may be associated with a favourable prognosis and a low risk of sudden death. Protein expression studies suggested that a severe outcome was associated with the expression of high amounts of mutated protein. These findings may prove to be helpful in counselling and risk assessment of LMNA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Al-Saaidi
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rune I D Birkler
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Nissen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Baandrup
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital/Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Hey
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Eiskjaer
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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47
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Edhager AV, Povlsen JA, Løfgren B, Bøtker HE, Palmfeldt J. Proteomics of the Rat Myocardium during Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Reveals Progressive Alterations in Major Metabolic Pathways. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2521-2532. [PMID: 29847139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure and poor clinical outcome after myocardial infarction are known complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Protein alterations may be involved in the mechanisms underlying these disarrays in the diabetic heart. Here we map proteins involved in intracellular metabolic pathways in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat heart as T2DM develops using MS based proteomics. The prediabetic state only induced minor pathway changes, whereas onset and late T2DM caused pronounced perturbations. Two actin-associated proteins, ARPC2 and TPM3, were up-regulated at the prediabetic state indicating increased actin dynamics. All differentially regulated proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, both peroxisomal and mitochondrial, were up-regulated at late T2DM, whereas enzymes of branched chain amino acid degradation were all down-regulated. At both onset and late T2DM, two members of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, SERPINA3K and SERPINA3L, were down-regulated. Furthermore, we found alterations in proteins involved in clearance of advanced glycation end-products and lipotoxicity, DCXR and CBR1, at both onset and late T2DM. These proteins deserve elucidation with regard to their role in T2DM pathogenesis and their respective role in the deterioration of the diabetic heart. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD009538, PXD009554, and PXD009555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Valdemar Edhager
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | | | - Bo Løfgren
- Department of Cardiology , Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark.,Institute for Experimental Clinical Research , Aarhus University , 8000 , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology , Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 , Aarhus N , Denmark
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48
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Kyng KJ, Edhager AV, Henriksen TB, Swan CZ, Gregersen N, Palmfeldt J. Biomarker Discovery by Mass Spectrometry in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma after Global Hypoxia-Ischemia in Newborn Piglets. Neonatology 2018; 114:307-314. [PMID: 30025402 DOI: 10.1159/000490393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers may qualify diagnosis, treatment allocation, and prognostication in neonatal encephalopathy. Biomarker development is challenged by competing etiologies, inter-individual genetic variability, and a lack of specific neonatal markers. To address these challenges, we used a standardized neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy model with pre- and post-HI sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify novel candidate protein biomarkers of HI encephalopathy in a newborn piglet model in CSF and plasma. METHODS FiO2 was lowered to 4% in 6 newborn piglets, then adjusted over a 45-min period keeping the amplitude integrated-EEG < 7 µV to induce HI encephalopathy. CSF and plasma was sampled pre-HI and 2 h after HI, protein levels were then analyzed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Protein levels after HI changed significantly for 18 CSF proteins and 37 plasma proteins. CSF and plasma data showed distinct information, although peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A had elevated levels in both fluids. HI regulation involved functional groups such as the antioxidant system, cell proliferation, cell structure, and apoptosis. S100-A8, which increased the most in CSF (9.5 fold), is known to be involved in inflammatory and immune response and to be highly regulated during injury. In plasma, increased proteins included FABP1 (31.8 fold) and proteins with antioxidant (SOD1, GPX3) and lectin function (REG3A, LGALS3). CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, we have identified candidate biomarkers for HI in CSF and plasma, many not previously associated with HI. Identified proteins are promising candidates for further validation in time series experiments and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Jacobsen Kyng
- Perinatal Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus, .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus,
| | - Anders Valdemar Edhager
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christer Zøylner Swan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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49
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Toustrup LB, Kvistgaard H, Palmfeldt J, Bjerre CK, Gregersen N, Rittig S, Corydon TJ, Christensen JH. The Novel Ser18del AVP Variant Causes Inherited Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus by Mechanisms Shared with Other Signal Peptide Variants. Neuroendocrinology 2018; 106:167-186. [PMID: 28494452 DOI: 10.1159/000477246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Variability in the severity and age at onset of autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (adFNDI) may be associated with certain types of variants in the arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene. In this study, we aimed to describe a large family with an apparent predominant female occurrence of polyuria and polydipsia and to determine the underlying cause. METHODS The family members reported their family demography and symptoms. Two subjects were diagnosed by fluid deprivation and dDAVP challenge tests. Eight subjects were tested genetically. The identified variant along with 3 previously identified variants in the AVP gene were investigated by heterologous expression in a human neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y). RESULTS Both subjects investigated clinically had a partial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus phenotype. A g.276_278delTCC variant in the AVP gene causing a Ser18del deletion in the signal peptide (SP) of the AVP preprohormone was perfectly co-segregating with the disease. When expressed in SH-SY5Y cells, the Ser18del variant along with 3 other SP variants (g.227G>A, Ser17Phe, and Ala19Thr) resulted in reduced AVP mRNA, impaired AVP secretion, and partial AVP prohormone degradation and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. Impaired SP cleavage was demonstrated directly in cells expressing the Ser18del, g.227G>A, and Ala19Thr variants, using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION Variants affecting the SP of the AVP preprohormone cause adFNDI with variable phenotypes by a mechanism that may involve impaired SP cleavage combined with effects at the mRNA, protein, and cellular level.
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50
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Salomón T, Sibbersen C, Hansen J, Britz D, Svart MV, Voss TS, Møller N, Gregersen N, Jørgensen KA, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB, Johannsen M. Ketone Body Acetoacetate Buffers Methylglyoxal via a Non-enzymatic Conversion during Diabetic and Dietary Ketosis. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:935-943.e7. [PMID: 28820963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal is a ubiquitous and highly reactive metabolite known to be involved in aging- and diabetes-related diseases. If not detoxified by the endogenous glyoxalase system, it exerts its detrimental effects primarily by reacting with biopolymers such as DNA and proteins. We now demonstrate that during ketosis, another metabolic route is operative via direct non-enzymatic aldol reaction between methylglyoxal and the ketone body acetoacetate, leading to 3-hydroxyhexane-2,5-dione. This novel metabolite is present at a concentration of 10%-20% of the methylglyoxal level in the blood of insulin-starved patients. By employing a metabolite-alkyne-tagging strategy it is clarified that 3-hydroxyhexane-2,5-dione is further metabolized to non-glycating species in human blood. The discovery represents a new direction within non-enzymatic metabolism and within the use of alkyne-tagging for metabolism studies and it revitalizes acetoacetate as a competent endogenous carbon nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Salomón
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Dieter Britz
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mads Vandsted Svart
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schmidt Voss
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark.
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