1
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Li J, Kumar A, Lewis JC. Non-native Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Catalyzed by a B 12 -Dependent Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312893. [PMID: 37874184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the unique reactivity of vitamin B12 and its derivatives, B12 -dependent enzymes remain underutilized in biocatalysis. In this study, we repurposed the B12 -dependent transcription factor CarH to enable non-native radical cyclization reactions. An engineered variant of this enzyme, CarH*, catalyzes the formation γ- and δ-lactams through either redox-neutral or reductive ring closure with marked enhancement of reactivity and selectivity relative to the free B12 cofactor. CarH* also catalyzes an unusual spirocyclization by dearomatization of pendant arenes to produce bicyclic 1,3-diene products instead of 1,4-dienes provided by existing methods. These results and associated mechanistic studies highlight the importance of protein scaffolds for controlling the reactivity of B12 and expanding the synthetic utility of B12 -dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Amardeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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2
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Mahía A, Kiib AE, Nisavic M, Svenningsen EB, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. α-Lactam Electrophiles for Covalent Chemical Biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304142. [PMID: 37114559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic groups are one of the key pillars of contemporary chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. For instance, 3-membered N-heterocyclic compounds-such as aziridines, azirines, and oxaziridines-possess unique electronic and structural properties which underlie their potential and applicability as covalent tools. The α-lactams are also members of this group of compounds, however, their utility within the field remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate an α-lactam reagent (AM2) that is tolerant to aqueous buffers while being reactive towards biologically relevant nucleophiles. Interestingly, carboxylesterases 1 and 2 (CES1/2), both serine hydrolases with key roles in endo- and xenobiotic metabolism, were found as primary covalent targets for AM2 in HepG2 liver cancer cells. All in all, this study constitutes the starting point for the further development and exploration of α-lactam-based electrophilic probes in covalent chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mahía
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders E Kiib
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben B Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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3
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Somprasong S, Reis MC, Harutyunyan SR. Catalytic Access to Chiral δ- Lactams via Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217328. [PMID: 36522289 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-bearing rings are common features in the molecular structures of modern drugs, with chiral δ-lactams being an important subclass due to their known pharmacological properties. Catalytic dearomatization of preactivated pyridinium ion derivatives emerged as a powerful method for the rapid construction of chiral N-heterocycles. However, direct catalytic dearomatization of simple pyridine derivatives are scarce and methodologies yielding chiral δ-lactams are yet to be developed. Herein, we describe an enantioselective C4-dearomatization of methoxypyridine derivatives for the preparation of functionalised enantioenriched δ-lactams using chiral copper catalysis. Experimental 13 C kinetic isotope effects and density functional theory calculations shed light on the reaction mechanism and the origin of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphong Somprasong
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Castiñeira Reis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Wu X, Turlik A, Luan B, He F, Qu J, Houk KN, Chen Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Alkyl-Carbamoylation of Internal Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207536. [PMID: 35818326 PMCID: PMC9427719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we leverage the Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive dicarbofunctionalization of internal alkenes with alkyl iodides to enable the synthesis of chiral pyrrolidinones bearing vicinal stereogenic centers. The application of newly developed 1-Nap Quinim is critical for formation of two contiguous stereocenters in high yield, enantioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity. This catalytic system also improves both the yield and enantioselectivity in the synthesis of α,α-dialkylated γ-lactams. Computational studies reveal that the enantiodetermining step proceeds with a carbamoyl-NiI intermediate that is reduced by the Mn reductant prior to intramolecular migratory insertion. The presence of the t-butyl group of the Quinim ligand leads to an unfavorable distortion of the substrate in the TS that leads to the minor enantiomer. Calculations also support an improvement in enantioselectivity with 1-Nap Quinim compared to p-tol Quinim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Baixue Luan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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5
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Makarova KS, Blackburne B, Wolf YI, Nikolskaya A, Karamycheva S, Espinoza M, Barry CE, Bewley CA, Koonin EV. Phylogenomic analysis of the diversity of graspetides and proteins involved in their biosynthesis. Biol Direct 2022; 17:7. [PMID: 35313954 PMCID: PMC8939145 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria and archaea produce an enormous diversity of modified peptides that are involved in various forms of inter-microbial conflicts or communication. A vast class of such peptides are Ribosomally synthesized, Postranslationally modified Peptides (RiPPs), and a major group of RiPPs are graspetides, so named after ATP-grasp ligases that catalyze the formation of lactam and lactone linkages in these peptides. The diversity of graspetides, the multiple proteins encoded in the respective Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) and their evolution have not been studied in full detail. In this work, we attempt a comprehensive analysis of the graspetide-encoding BGCs and report a variety of novel graspetide groups as well as ancillary proteins implicated in graspetide biosynthesis and expression. Results We compiled a comprehensive, manually curated set of graspetides that includes 174 families including 115 new families with distinct patterns of amino acids implicated in macrocyclization and further modification, roughly tripling the known graspetide diversity. We derived signature motifs for the leader regions of graspetide precursors that could be used to facilitate graspetide prediction. Graspetide biosynthetic gene clusters and specific precursors were identified in bacterial divisions not previously known to encode RiPPs, in particular, the parasitic and symbiotic bacteria of the Candidate phyla radiation. We identified Bacteroides-specific biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) that include remarkable diversity of graspetides encoded in the same loci which predicted to be modified by the same ATP-grasp ligase. We studied in details evolution of recently characterized chryseoviridin BGCs and showed that duplication and horizonal gene exchange both contribute to the diversification of the graspetides during evolution. Conclusions We demonstrate previously unsuspected diversity of graspetide sequences, even those associated with closely related ATP-grasp enzymes. Several previously unnoticed families of proteins associated with graspetide biosynthetic gene clusters are identified. The results of this work substantially expand the known diversity of RiPPs and can be harnessed to further advance approaches for their identification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13062-022-00320-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S Makarova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
| | - Brittney Blackburne
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Anastasia Nikolskaya
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Svetlana Karamycheva
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Marlene Espinoza
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
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6
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Witten MR, Wu L, Lai CT, Kapilashrami K, Pusey M, Gallagher K, Chen Y, Yao W. Inhibition of ALK2 with bicyclic pyridyl lactams. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 55:128452. [PMID: 34780900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2) has been implicated as a key target in multiple rare diseases. Herein, we describe the design of a novel bicyclic lactam series of potent and selective ALK2 inhibitors. This manuscript details an improvement in potency of two orders of magnitude from the initial bicyclic structure as well as a two-fold improvement in cellular potency from the original monocyclic inhibitor. Furthermore, we provide a detailed strategy for progressing this project in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Witten
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States.
| | - Liangxing Wu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Cheng-Tsung Lai
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Kanishk Kapilashrami
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Michelle Pusey
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Karen Gallagher
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
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7
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Kumar GD, Banasiewicz M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Switch-On Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Chemosensors for Cations Possessing Lewis Acid Character. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:355-362. [PMID: 33434391 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle-dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li+ , Mg2+ and Zn2+ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C-NR2 functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza-crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na+ and K+ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza-crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2-dialkylamino-pyridine-4-yl substituents is due to the closely lying T2 state and the resulting intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR 6230, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Krivoshein AV. α-Substituted Lactams and Acetamides: Ion Channel Modulators that Show Promise in Treating Drug-resistant Epilepsy. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:79-87. [PMID: 32386500 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666200510005458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The two main problems in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy are resistance to currently available first-line medications (which occurs in about one third of patients) and the high incidence of side effects. To address these two challenges, extensive efforts are being undertaken to design new, structurally distinct antiepileptic drugs with a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity. Tests in animal models of epilepsy indicate that α-substituted lactams and acetamides show a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity (including very promising activity in drug-resistant models) as well as an excellent safety profile. Limited clinical results confirm these preclinical findings. In the first part of this review, pharmacology and toxicology of α-substituted lactams and acetamides and their putative protein targets in the brain have been discussed. This is followed by a discussion of structure-activity relationships among α-alkyl-, α-aryl-, and α-aryl-α-alkyl-substituted derivatives. The most promising structures seem to be those related to 3-ethyl-3-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one, 2-phenylbutyramide, and 2- sec-butylvaleramide. The information presented in this review is expected to facilitate rational drug design and development efforts for α-substituted lactams and acetamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcadius V Krivoshein
- Chemistry Program, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, United States
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9
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Gutkowski K, Skonieczny K, Bugaj M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. N-Arylation of Diketopyrrolopyrroles with Aryl Triflates. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1369-1375. [PMID: 32154982 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the double N-arylation of diketopyrrolopyrroles with aryl triflates has been developed. It is now possible to prepare diketopyrrolopyrroles bearing N-substituents derived from naphthalene, anthracene and coumarin in two steps from commercially available phenols. This represents the first time arenes lacking strong electron-withdrawing groups were inserted onto lactamic nitrogen atoms via arylation. The ability to incorporate heretofore unprecedented substituents translates to increased modulation of the resulting photophysical properties such as switching-on/off solvatofluorochromism. TD-DFT calculations have been performed to explore the nature of the relevant excited states. This new synthetic method made it possible to elucidate the influence of such substituents on the absorption and emission properties of tetraaryl substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Bugaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Richter DC, Heininger A, Brenner T, Hochreiter M, Bernhard M, Briegel J, Dubler S, Grabein B, Hecker A, Kruger WA, Mayer K, Pletz MW, Storzinger D, Pinder N, Hoppe-Tichy T, Weiterer S, Zimmermann S, Brinkmann A, Weigand MA, Lichtenstern C. Bacterial sepsis : Diagnostics and calculated antibiotic therapy. Anaesthesist 2019; 68:40-62. [PMID: 29383395 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-017-0396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mortality of patients with sepsis and septic shock is still unacceptably high. An effective calculated antibiotic treatment within 1 h of recognition of sepsis is an important target of sepsis treatment. Delays lead to an increase in mortality; therefore, structured treatment concepts form a rational foundation, taking relevant diagnostic and treatment steps into consideration. In addition to the assumed infection and individual risks of each patient, local resistance patterns and specific problem pathogens must be taken into account during the selection of anti-infective treatment. Many pathophysiologic alterations influence the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antibiotics during sepsis. The principle of standard dosing should be abandoned and replaced by an individual treatment approach with stronger weighting of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) index of the substance groups. Although this is not yet the clinical standard, prolonged (or continuous) infusion of β‑lactam antibiotics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can help to achieve defined PK targets. Prolonged infusion is sufficient without TDM, but for continuous infusion, TDM is generally necessary. A further argument for individual PK/PD-oriented antibiotic approaches is the increasing number of infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in the intensive care unit. For effective treatment, antibiotic stewardship teams (ABS teams) are becoming more established. Interdisciplinary cooperation of the ABS team with infectious disease (ID) specialists, microbiologists, and clinical pharmacists leads not only to rational administration of antibiotics, but also has a positive influence on treatment outcome. The gold standards for pathogen identification are still culture-based detection and microbiologic resistance testing for the various antibiotic groups. Despite the rapid investigation time, novel polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based procedures for pathogen identification and resistance determination are currently only an adjunct to routine sepsis diagnostics, due to the limited number of studies, high costs, and limited availability. In complicated septic courses with multiple anti-infective therapies or recurrent sepsis, PCR-based procedures can be used in addition to treatment monitoring and diagnostics. Novel antibiotics represent potent alternatives in the treatment of MDR infections. Due to the often defined spectrum of pathogens and the practically (still) absent resistance, they are suitable for targeted treatment of severe MDR infections (therapy escalation). (Contribution available free of charge by "Free Access" [ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00101-017-0396-z ].).
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11
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Krueger T, Kelling A, Linker T, Schilde U. Crystal structures of three cyclohexane-based γ-spiro lactams: determination of configurations and conformations. BMC Chem 2019; 13:69. [PMID: 31384816 PMCID: PMC6661822 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compounds, 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C9H15NO, (1a), cis-8-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C10H17NO, (1b), and trans-8-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C10H17NO, (1c), were synthesized from benzoic acids 2 in only 3 steps in high yields. Crystallization from n-hexane afforded single crystals, suitable for X-ray diffraction. Thus, the configurations, conformations, and interesting crystal packing effects have been determined unequivocally. The bicyclic skeleton consists of a lactam ring, attached by a spiro junction to a cyclohexane ring. The lactam ring adopts an envelope conformation and the cyclohexane ring has a chair conformation. The main difference between compound 1b and compound 1c is the position of the carbonyl group on the 2-pyrrolidine ring with respect to the methyl group on the 8-position of the cyclohexane ring, which is cis (1b) or trans (1c). A remarkable feature of all three compounds is the existence of a mirror plane within the molecule. Given that all compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups, the packing always contains interesting enantiomer-like pairs. Finally, the structures are stabilized by intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Krueger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Uwe Schilde
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Antimicrobial pharmacology and its effect on prescribing is quite complex. Selecting an antibiotic that will optimally treat an infection while minimizing adverse effects and the development of resistance is only the first step, as one must also consider the patient's individual pharmacokinetic alterations and the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug when prescribing it as well. Patients with CKD may have alterations in their protein binding, volumes of distribution, kidney clearance, and nonrenal clearance that necessitates antibiotic dose adjustments to prevent the development of toxicity. Knowledge of a drug's pharmacodynamics, defined as the relationship between drug exposure and antibacterial efficacy, provides some guidance regarding the optimal way to make dose adjustments. Different pharmacodynamic goals, such as maximizing the time that free (unbound) drug concentrations spend above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for time dependent drugs (e.g., β-lactams) or maximizing the free peak-to-MIC ratio for concentration-dependent antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycosides), require different adjustment strategies; for instance, decreasing the dose while maintaining normal dosing frequency or giving normal (or even larger) doses less frequently, respectively. Patients receiving hemodialysis have other important prescribing considerations as well. The nephrologist or patient may prefer to receive antibiotics that can be administered intravenously toward the end of a dialysis session. Additionally, newer dialysis technologies and filters can increase drug removal more than originally reported. This review will discuss the place in therapy, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and other pharmacologic considerations encountered when prescribing commonly used antibiotics in patients with chronic kidney disease or ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Eyler
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; and .,Department of Pharmacy Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kristina Shvets
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Martelli G, Giacomini D. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities for natural and synthetic dual-active compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:91-105. [PMID: 30205261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is widely recognized as a grave threat to global health in the 21st century, since the past decades have seen a dramatic increase in human-pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. New antimicrobial agents are urgently required, particularly in the treatment of chronic infections such as cystic fibrosis, often associated with persistent colonization by drug-resistant pathogens and epithelial damage by pulmonary oxidative stress. In such events, it would be favourable to find agents that could have antioxidant and antibacterial activities combined in one molecule. The discovery of compounds that can show a dual-target activity considerably increased in the last years, reflecting the growing confidence that this new approach could lead to better therapeutic solutions for complex multigenic diseases. The aim of this review is to report those natural and synthetic compounds displaying significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In recent years there has been a growing attention on plant-derived antimicrobials as an alternative to antibiotics, for their efficacy and low tendency in developing bacterial resistance. Moreover, it was found that some natural products could enhance the activity of common antibiotics displaying a synergistic effect. We then report some selected synthetic compounds with an in-built capacity to act on two targets or with the combination in a single structure of two pharmacophores with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Recent literature instances were screened and the most promising examples of dual-active antibacterial-antioxidant molecules were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Richter DC, Heininger A, Brenner T, Hochreiter M, Bernhard M, Briegel J, Dubler S, Grabein B, Hecker A, Krüger WA, Mayer K, Pletz MW, Störzinger D, Pinder N, Hoppe-Tichy T, Weiterer S, Zimmermann S, Brinkmann A, Weigand MA, Lichtenstern C. [Bacterial sepsis : Diagnostics and calculated antibiotic therapy]. Anaesthesist 2018; 66:737-761. [PMID: 28980026 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-017-0363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mortality of patients with sepsis and septic shock is still unacceptably high. An effective antibiotic treatment within 1 h of recognition of sepsis is an important target of sepsis treatment. Delays lead to an increase in mortality; therefore, structured treatment concepts form a rational foundation, taking relevant diagnostic and treatment steps into consideration. In addition to the assumed focus and individual risks of each patient, local resistance patterns and specific problem pathogens must be taken into account for selection of anti-infection treatment. Many pathophysiological alterations influence the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics during sepsis. The principle of standard dosing should be abandoned and replaced by an individual treatment approach with stronger weighting of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) index of the substance groups. Although this is not yet the clinical standard, prolonged (or continuous) infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can help to achieve defined PK targets. Prolonged infusion is sufficient without TDM but for continuous infusion TDM is basically necessary. A further argument for individual PK/PD-oriented antibiotic approaches is the increasing number of infections due to multidrug resistant pathogens (MDR) in the intensive care unit. For effective treatment antibiotic stewardship teams (ABS team) are becoming more established. Interdisciplinary cooperation of the ABS team with infectiologists, microbiologists and clinical pharmacists leads not only to a rational administration of antibiotics but also has a positive influence on the outcome. The gold standards for pathogen detection are still culture-based detection and microbiological resistance testing for the various antibiotic groups. Despite the rapid investigation time, novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedures for pathogen identification and resistance determination, are currently only an adjunct to routine sepsis diagnostics due to the limited number of studies, high costs and limited availability. In complicated septic courses with multiple anti-infective treatment or recurrent sepsis, PCR-based procedures can be used in addition to therapy monitoring and diagnostics. Novel antibiotics represent potent alternatives in the treatment of MDR infections. Due to the often defined spectrum of pathogens and the practically absent resistance, they are suitable for targeted treatment of severe MDR infections (therapy escalation).
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Richter
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - A Heininger
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Sektion für Krankenhaus- und Umwelthygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Brenner
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - M Hochreiter
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - M Bernhard
- Zentrale Notaufnahme, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - J Briegel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - S Dubler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - B Grabein
- Stabsstelle "Klinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene", Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - A Hecker
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Thorax‑, Transplantations- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - W A Krüger
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz, Klinikum Konstanz, Konstanz, Deutschland
| | - K Mayer
- Apotheke des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - M W Pletz
- Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - D Störzinger
- Apotheke des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - N Pinder
- Apotheke des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Hoppe-Tichy
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Sektion für Krankenhaus- und Umwelthygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - S Weiterer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - S Zimmermann
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Sektion für Krankenhaus- und Umwelthygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - A Brinkmann
- Klinik für Anästhesie, operative Intensivmedizin und spezielle Schmerztherapie, Klinikum Heidenheim, Heidenheim, Deutschland
| | - M A Weigand
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Lichtenstern
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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15
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Mowery P, Banales Mejia F, Franceschi CL, Kean MH, Kwansare DO, Lafferty MM, Neerukonda ND, Rolph CE, Truax NJ, Pelkey ET. Synthesis and evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of diaryl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones and fused analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:191-195. [PMID: 27916489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Analogs containing a central 3-pyrrolin-2-one core with different methoxyphenyl and/or indole substituents were prepared and tested for anti-proliferative activity in U-937 cells. The most efficacious analogs were non-rigid, (non-fused) contained methoxyaryl groups located at the 4-position, and contained either methoxyaryl or indole groups located at the 3-position. Both the number of methoxy groups contained in the substituents and the particular location of the indole rings with respect to the lactam carbonyl had significant affects on anti-proliferative activity. This work provides a framework to better understand structure-activity relationships for inducing anti-proliferative activity in diaryl heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mowery
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
| | | | | | - Maeve H Kean
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Deborah O Kwansare
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Megan M Lafferty
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Namita D Neerukonda
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Carly E Rolph
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Nathanyal J Truax
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Erin T Pelkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
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16
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Wei B, Yang ZD, Chen XW, Zhou SY, Yu HT, Sun JY, Yao XJ, Wang YG, Xue HY. Colletotrilactam A-D, novel lactams from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides GT-7, a fungal endophyte of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:158-63. [PMID: 27520493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four novel lactams, colletotrilactam A-D (1-4), along with six known compounds (5-10) were isolated from the culture broth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides GT-7, a fungal endophyte of Uncaria rhynchophylla. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive NMR spectroscopy. Isolates were tested for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity and compound 9 showed potent MAO inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 8.93±0.34μg/mL, when the IC50 value of iproniazid as a standard was 1.80±0.5μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China; The Provincial Education Key Laboratory of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Zhong-Duo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shuang-Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing-Yun Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yong-Gang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Xue
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
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17
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Xavier JG, Geremias TC, Montero JFD, Vahey BR, Benfatti CAM, Souza JCM, Magini RS, Pimenta AL. Lactam inhibiting Streptococcus mutans growth on titanium. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 68:837-841. [PMID: 27524086 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyze the activity of novel synthetic lactams on preventing biofilm formation on titanium surfaces. Titanium (Ti6Al4V) samples were exposed to Streptococcus mutans cultures in the presence or absence of a synthetic lactam. After 48h incubation, planktonic growth was determined by spectrophotometry. Biofilm was evaluated by crystal violet staining and colony forming units (CFU·ml(-)(1)), followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the average of adhered viable cells was approximately 1.5×10(2)CFU/ml in the presence of lactam and 4×10(2)CFU/ml in its absence. This novel compound was considerable active in reducing biofilm formation over titanium surfaces, indicating its potential for the development of antimicrobial drugs targeting the inhibition of the initial stages of bacterial biofilms on dental implants abutments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Xavier
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - T C Geremias
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - J F D Montero
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - B R Vahey
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, 925 W 34 St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - C A M Benfatti
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - J C M Souza
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - R S Magini
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - A L Pimenta
- Department of Biologia, ERRMECe, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2, Av. Adolphe Chauvin 95302 Cergy, Pontoise, France; Integrated Laboratories Technologies (InteLab), Dept. Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-970, Brazil.
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