1
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Boshoff HIM, Young K, Ahn YM, Yadav VD, Crowley BM, Yang L, Su J, Oh S, Arora K, Andrews J, Manikkam M, Sutphin M, Smith AJ, Weiner DM, Piazza MK, Fleegle JD, Gomez F, Dayao EK, Prideaux B, Zimmerman M, Kaya F, Sarathy J, Tan VY, Via LE, Tschirret-Guth R, Lenaerts AJ, Robertson GT, Dartois V, Olsen DB, Barry CE. Mtb-Selective 5-Aminomethyl Oxazolidinone Prodrugs: Robust Potency and Potential Liabilities. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1679-1695. [PMID: 38581700 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Linezolid is a drug with proven human antitubercular activity whose use is limited to highly drug-resistant patients because of its toxicity. This toxicity is related to its mechanism of action─linezolid inhibits protein synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotic mitochondria. A highly selective and potent series of oxazolidinones, bearing a 5-aminomethyl moiety (in place of the typical 5-acetamidomethyl moiety of linezolid), was identified. Linezolid-resistant mutants were cross-resistant to these molecules but not vice versa. Resistance to the 5-aminomethyl molecules mapped to an N-acetyl transferase (Rv0133) and these mutants remained fully linezolid susceptible. Purified Rv0133 was shown to catalyze the transformation of the 5-aminomethyl oxazolidinones to their corresponding N-acetylated metabolites, and this transformation was also observed in live cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mammalian mitochondria, which lack an appropriate N-acetyltransferase to activate these prodrugs, were not susceptible to inhibition with the 5-aminomethyl analogues. Several compounds that were more potent than linezolid were taken into C3HeB/FeJ mice and were shown to be highly efficacious, and one of these (9) was additionally taken into marmosets and found to be highly active. Penetration of these 5-aminomethyl oxazolidinone prodrugs into caseum was excellent. Unfortunately, these compounds were rapidly converted into the corresponding 5-alcohols by mammalian metabolism which retained antimycobacterial activity but resulted in substantial mitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Katherine Young
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yong-Mo Ahn
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Veena D Yadav
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Lihu Yang
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jenna Andrews
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michelle Manikkam
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michelle Sutphin
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Danielle M Weiner
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michaela K Piazza
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Joel D Fleegle
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Felipe Gomez
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Emmannual K Dayao
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Firat Kaya
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Jansy Sarathy
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Vee Yang Tan
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Anne J Lenaerts
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Gregory T Robertson
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - David B Olsen
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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2
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Datta M, Via LE, Dartois V, Weiner DM, Zimmerman M, Kaya F, Walker AM, Fleegle JD, Raplee ID, McNinch C, Zarodniuk M, Kamoun WS, Yue C, Kumar AS, Subudhi S, Xu L, Barry CE, Jain RK. Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321336121. [PMID: 38530888 PMCID: PMC10998582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321336121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapies (HDTs) represent an emerging approach for bacterial clearance during tuberculosis (TB) infection. While most HDTs are designed and implemented for immuno-modulation, other host targets-such as nonimmune stromal components found in pulmonary granulomas-may prove equally viable. Building on our previous work characterizing and normalizing the aberrant granuloma-associated vasculature, here we demonstrate that FDA-approved therapies (bevacizumab and losartan, respectively) can be repurposed as HDTs to normalize blood vessels and extracellular matrix (ECM), improve drug delivery, and reduce bacterial loads in TB granulomas. Granulomas feature an overabundance of ECM and compressed blood vessels, both of which are effectively reduced by losartan treatment in the rabbit model of TB. Combining both HDTs promotes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and improves anti-TB drug delivery. Finally, alone and in combination with second-line antitubercular agents (moxifloxacin or bedaquiline), these HDTs significantly reduce bacterial burden. RNA sequencing analysis of HDT-treated lung and granuloma tissues implicates up-regulated antimicrobial peptide and proinflammatory gene expression by ciliated epithelial airway cells as a putative mechanism of the observed antitubercular benefits in the absence of chemotherapy. These findings demonstrate that bevacizumab and losartan are well-tolerated stroma-targeting HDTs, normalize the granuloma microenvironment, and improve TB outcomes, providing the rationale to clinically test this combination in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Datta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - Firat Kaya
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - April M. Walker
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Joel D. Fleegle
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Isaac D. Raplee
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Colton McNinch
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Maksym Zarodniuk
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Walid S. Kamoun
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Changli Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Ashwin S. Kumar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Sonu Subudhi
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Lei Xu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
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3
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Budak M, Via LE, Weiner DM, Barry CE, Nanda P, Michael G, Mdluli K, Kirschner D. A systematic efficacy analysis of tuberculosis treatment with BPaL-containing regimens using a multiscale modeling approach. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:673-685. [PMID: 38404200 PMCID: PMC11015080 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening infectious disease. The standard treatment is up to 90% effective; however, it requires the administration of four antibiotics (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol [HRZE]) over long time periods. This harsh treatment process causes adherence issues for patients because of the long treatment times and a myriad of adverse effects. Therefore, the World Health Organization has focused goals of shortening standard treatment regimens for TB in their End TB Strategy efforts, which aim to reduce TB-related deaths by 95% by 2035. For this purpose, many novel and promising combination antibiotics are being explored that have recently been discovered, such as the bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) regimen. As a result, testing the number of possible combinations with all possible novel regimens is beyond the limit of experimental resources. In this study, we present a unique framework that uses a primate granuloma modeling approach to screen many combination regimens that are currently under clinical and experimental exploration and assesses their efficacies to inform future studies. We tested well-studied regimens such as HRZE and BPaL to evaluate the validity and accuracy of our framework. We also simulated additional promising combination regimens that have not been sufficiently studied clinically or experimentally, and we provide a pipeline for regimen ranking based on their efficacies in granulomas. Furthermore, we showed a correlation between simulation rankings and new marmoset data rankings, providing evidence for the credibility of our framework. This framework can be adapted to any TB regimen and can rank any number of single or combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Budak
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural ResearchNIAIDBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural ResearchNIAIDBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineObservatoryRepublic of South Africa
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownObservatoryRepublic of South Africa
| | - Pariksheet Nanda
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gabrielle Michael
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Khisimuzi Mdluli
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Denise Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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4
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Diacon AH, Barry CE, Carlton A, Chen RY, Davies M, de Jager V, Fletcher K, Koh GCKW, Kontsevaya I, Heyckendorf J, Lange C, Reimann M, Penman SL, Scott R, Maher-Edwards G, Tiberi S, Vlasakakis G, Upton CM, Aguirre DB. A first-in-class leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, ganfeborole, for rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis: a phase 2a open-label, randomized trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:896-904. [PMID: 38365949 PMCID: PMC10957473 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
New tuberculosis treatments are needed to address drug resistance, lengthy treatment duration and adverse reactions of available agents. GSK3036656 (ganfeborole) is a first-in-class benzoxaborole inhibiting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Here, in this phase 2a, single-center, open-label, randomized trial, we assessed early bactericidal activity (primary objective) and safety and pharmacokinetics (secondary objectives) of ganfeborole in participants with untreated, rifampicin-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis. Overall, 75 males were treated with ganfeborole (1/5/15/30 mg) or standard of care (Rifafour e-275 or generic alternative) once daily for 14 days. We observed numerical reductions in daily sputum-derived colony-forming units from baseline in participants receiving 5, 15 and 30 mg once daily but not those receiving 1 mg ganfeborole. Adverse event rates were comparable across groups; all events were grade 1 or 2. In a participant subset, post hoc exploratory computational analysis of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings showed measurable treatment responses across several lesion types in those receiving ganfeborole 30 mg at day 14. Analysis of whole-blood transcriptional treatment response to ganfeborole 30 mg at day 14 revealed a strong association with neutrophil-dominated transcriptional modules. The demonstrated bactericidal activity and acceptable safety profile suggest that ganfeborole is a potential candidate for combination treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03557281 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clifton E Barry
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ray Y Chen
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Irina Kontsevaya
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Infection Research, Borstel and the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maja Reimann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Simon Tiberi
- GSK, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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5
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Boshoff HI, Malhotra N, Barry CE, Oh S. The Antitubercular Activities of Natural Products with Fused-Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:211. [PMID: 38399426 PMCID: PMC10892018 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is notorious as the leading cause of death worldwide due to a single infectious entity and its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been able to evolve resistance to all existing drugs in the treatment arsenal complicating disease management programs. In drug discovery efforts, natural products are important starting points in generating novel scaffolds that have evolved to specifically bind to vulnerable targets not only in pathogens such as Mtb, but also in mammalian targets associated with human diseases. Structural diversity is one of the most attractive features of natural products. This review provides a summary of fused-nitrogen-containing heterocycles found in the natural products reported in the literature that are known to have antitubercular activities. The structurally targeted natural products discussed in this review could provide a revealing insight into novel chemical aspects with novel biological functions for TB drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.I.B.); (N.M.); (C.E.B.III)
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6
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Datta M, Kennedy M, Siri S, Via LE, Baish JW, Xu L, Dartois V, Barry CE, Jain RK. Mathematical model of oxygen, nutrient, and drug transport in tuberculosis granulomas. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011847. [PMID: 38335224 PMCID: PMC10883541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological abnormalities in pulmonary granulomas-pathological hallmarks of tuberculosis (TB)-compromise the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and drugs. In prior studies, we demonstrated mathematically and experimentally that hypoxia and necrosis emerge in the granuloma microenvironment (GME) as a direct result of limited oxygen availability. Building on our initial model of avascular oxygen diffusion, here we explore additional aspects of oxygen transport, including the roles of granuloma vasculature, transcapillary transport, plasma dilution, and interstitial convection, followed by cellular metabolism. Approximate analytical solutions are provided for oxygen and glucose concentration, interstitial fluid velocity, interstitial fluid pressure, and the thickness of the convective zone. These predictions are in agreement with prior experimental results from rabbit TB granulomas and from rat carcinoma models, which share similar transport limitations. Additional drug delivery predictions for anti-TB-agents (rifampicin and clofazimine) strikingly match recent spatially-resolved experimental results from a mouse model of TB. Finally, an approach to improve molecular transport in granulomas by modulating interstitial hydraulic conductivity is tested in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Datta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - McCarthy Kennedy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Saeed Siri
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James W Baish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lei Xu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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7
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Yadav V, Boshoff HI, Trifonov L, Roma JSO, Ioerger TR, Barry CE, Oh S. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of a New Class of Oxadiazoles Targeting DprE1 as Antitubercular Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1275-1283. [PMID: 37736177 PMCID: PMC10510505 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens global TB control programs, highlighting the need to discover new drug candidates to feed the drug development pipeline. In this study, we describe a high-throughput screening hit (4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)(1-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanone (P1) as a potent antitubercular agent. Structure-activity guided synthesis led to the discovery of several analogs with high in vitro potency. P1 was found to have promising potency against many drug-resistant strains, as well as drug-susceptible clinical isolates. It also showed cidality against Mtb growing in host macrophages. Whole genome sequencing of genomic DNA from resistant mutants raised to P1 revealed mutations in decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-oxidase (DprE1). This novel oxadiazole scaffold expands the set of chemical tools for targeting a well-validated pathway to treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena
D. Yadav
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lena Trifonov
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jose Santinni O. Roma
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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8
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Finin P, Khan RMN, Oh S, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE. Chemical approaches to unraveling the biology of mycobacteria. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:420-435. [PMID: 37207631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), perhaps more than any other organism, is intrinsically appealing to chemical biologists. Not only does the cell envelope feature one of the most complex heteropolymers found in nature1 but many of the interactions between Mtb and its primary host (we humans) rely on lipid and not protein mediators.2,3 Many of the complex lipids, glycolipids, and carbohydrates biosynthesized by the bacterium still have unknown functions, and the complexity of the pathological processes by which tuberculosis (TB) disease progress offers many opportunities for these molecules to influence the human response. Because of the importance of TB in global public health, chemical biologists have applied a wide-ranging array of techniques to better understand the disease and improve interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Finin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R M Naseer Khan
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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9
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Sarathy JP, Xie M, Jones RM, Chang A, Osiecki P, Weiner D, Tsao WS, Dougher M, Blanc L, Fotouhi N, Via LE, Barry CE, De Vlaminck I, Sherman DR, Dartois VA. A Novel Tool to Identify Bactericidal Compounds against Vulnerable Targets in Drug-Tolerant M. tuberculosis found in Caseum. mBio 2023; 14:e0059823. [PMID: 37017524 PMCID: PMC10127596 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00598-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caseous necrosis is a hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) pathology and creates a niche for drug-tolerant persisters within the host. Cavitary TB and high bacterial burden in caseum require longer treatment duration. An in vitro model that recapitulates the major features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in caseum would accelerate the identification of compounds with treatment-shortening potential. We have developed a caseum surrogate model consisting of lysed and denatured foamy macrophages. Upon inoculation of Mtb from replicating cultures, the pathogen adapts to the lipid-rich matrix and gradually adopts a nonreplicating state. We determined that the lipid composition of ex vivo caseum and the surrogate matrix are similar. We also observed that Mtb in caseum surrogate accumulates intracellular lipophilic inclusions (ILI), a distinctive characteristic of quiescent and drug-tolerant Mtb. Expression profiling of a representative gene subset revealed common signatures between the models. Comparison of Mtb drug susceptibility in caseum and caseum surrogate revealed that both populations are similarly tolerant to a panel of TB drugs. By screening drug candidates in the surrogate model, we determined that the bedaquiline analogs TBAJ876 and TBAJ587, currently in clinical development, exhibit superior bactericidal against caseum-resident Mtb, both alone and as substitutions for bedaquiline in the bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid regimen approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB. In summary, we have developed a physiologically relevant nonreplicating persistence model that reflects the distinct metabolic and drug-tolerant state of Mtb in caseum. IMPORTANCE M. tuberculosis (Mtb) within the caseous core of necrotic granulomas and cavities is extremely drug tolerant and presents a significant hurdle to treatment success and relapse prevention. Many in vitro models of nonreplicating persistence have been developed to characterize the physiologic and metabolic adaptations of Mtb and identify compounds active against this treatment-recalcitrant population. However, there is little consensus on their relevance to in vivo infection. Using lipid-laden macrophage lysates, we have designed and validated a surrogate matrix that closely mimics caseum and in which Mtb develops a phenotype similar to that of nonreplicating bacilli in vivo. The assay is well suited to screen for bactericidal compounds against caseum-resident Mtb in a medium-throughput format, allowing for reduced reliance on resource intensive animal models that present large necrotic lesions and cavities. Importantly, this approach will aid the identification of vulnerable targets in caseum Mtb and can accelerate the development of novel TB drugs with treatment-shortening potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansy P Sarathy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard M Jones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adrienne Chang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Paulina Osiecki
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Danielle Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen-Shan Tsao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maureen Dougher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Landry Blanc
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David R Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Véronique A Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Naseer Khan R, Ahn YM, Marriner GA, Via LE, D’Hooge F, Lee SS, Yang N, Basuli F, White AG, Tomko JA, Frye LJ, Scanga CA, Weiner DM, Sutphen ML, Schimel DM, Dayao E, Piazza MK, Gomez F, Dieckmann W, Herscovitch P, Mason NS, Swenson R, Kiesewetter DO, Backus KM, Geng Y, Raj R, Anthony DC, Flynn JL, Barry CE, Davis BG. Distributable, Metabolic PET Reporting of Tuberculosis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.03.535218. [PMID: 37333343 PMCID: PMC10274857 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a large global disease burden for which treatment regimens are protracted and monitoring of disease activity difficult. Existing detection methods rely almost exclusively on bacterial culture from sputum which limits sampling to organisms on the pulmonary surface. Advances in monitoring tuberculous lesions have utilized the common glucoside [18F]FDG, yet lack specificity to the causative pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and so do not directly correlate with pathogen viability. Here we show that a close mimic that is also positron-emitting of the non-mammalian Mtb disaccharide trehalose - 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxytrehalose ([18F]FDT) - can act as a mechanism-based enzyme reporter in vivo. Use of [18F]FDT in the imaging of Mtb in diverse models of disease, including non-human primates, successfully co-opts Mtb-specific processing of trehalose to allow the specific imaging of TB-associated lesions and to monitor the effects of treatment. A pyrogen-free, direct enzyme-catalyzed process for its radiochemical synthesis allows the ready production of [18F]FDT from the most globally-abundant organic 18F-containing molecule, [18F]FDG. The full, pre-clinical validation of both production method and [18F]FDT now creates a new, bacterium-specific, clinical diagnostic candidate. We anticipate that this distributable technology to generate clinical-grade [18F]FDT directly from the widely-available clinical reagent [18F]FDG, without need for either bespoke radioisotope generation or specialist chemical methods and/or facilities, could now usher in global, democratized access to a TB-specific PET tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Naseer Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Yong-Mo Ahn
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gwendolyn A. Marriner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francois D’Hooge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Seung Seo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Alexander G. White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jaime A. Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - L. James Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michelle L. Sutphen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel M. Schimel
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Emmanuel Dayao
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Felipe Gomez
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William Dieckmann
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Peter Herscovitch
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | | | - Rolf Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Molecular Tracer and Imaging Core Facility, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Keriann M. Backus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Ritu Raj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
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11
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Koller TO, Scheid U, Kösel T, Herrmann J, Krug D, Boshoff HIM, Beckert B, Evans JC, Schlemmer J, Sloan B, Weiner DM, Via LE, Moosa A, Ioerger TR, Graf M, Zinshteyn B, Abdelshahid M, Nguyen F, Arenz S, Gille F, Siebke M, Seedorf T, Plettenburg O, Green R, Warnke AL, Ullrich J, Warrass R, Barry CE, Warner DF, Mizrahi V, Kirschning A, Wilson DN, Müller R. The Myxobacterial Antibiotic Myxovalargin: Biosynthesis, Structural Revision, Total Synthesis, and Molecular Characterization of Ribosomal Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:851-863. [PMID: 36603206 PMCID: PMC9853869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of bacterial pathogens against antibiotics is declared by WHO as a major global health threat. As novel antibacterial agents are urgently needed, we re-assessed the broad-spectrum myxobacterial antibiotic myxovalargin and found it to be extremely potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To ensure compound supply for further development, we studied myxovalargin biosynthesis in detail enabling production via fermentation of a native producer. Feeding experiments as well as functional genomics analysis suggested a structural revision, which was eventually corroborated by the development of a concise total synthesis. The ribosome was identified as the molecular target based on resistant mutant sequencing, and a cryo-EM structure revealed that myxovalargin binds within and completely occludes the exit tunnel, consistent with a mode of action to arrest translation during a late stage of translation initiation. These studies open avenues for structure-based scaffold improvement toward development as an antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm O. Koller
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scheid
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Teresa Kösel
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Krug
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,Department
of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bertrand Beckert
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna C. Evans
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Jan Schlemmer
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Becky Sloan
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Atica Moosa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Graf
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Zinshteyn
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Maha Abdelshahid
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Nguyen
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Arenz
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Gille
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maik Siebke
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Seedorf
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rachel Green
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anna-Luisa Warnke
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- MSD
Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Warrass
- MSD
Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Digby F. Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,
| | - Daniel N. Wilson
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany,
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,Department
of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany,
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Center Borstel Borstel, Germany
- Clinical Tuberculosis Unit German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas
| | - Clifton E Barry
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland
| | - C Robert Horsburgh
- Department of Epidemiology Department of Biostatistics
- Department of Global Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Makarova KS, Blackburne B, Wolf YI, Nikolskaya A, Karamycheva S, Espinoza M, Barry CE, Bewley CA, Koonin EV. Phylogenomic analysis of the diversity of graspetides and proteins involved in their biosynthesis. Biol Direct 2022; 17:7. [PMID: 35313954 PMCID: PMC8939145 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria and archaea produce an enormous diversity of modified peptides that are involved in various forms of inter-microbial conflicts or communication. A vast class of such peptides are Ribosomally synthesized, Postranslationally modified Peptides (RiPPs), and a major group of RiPPs are graspetides, so named after ATP-grasp ligases that catalyze the formation of lactam and lactone linkages in these peptides. The diversity of graspetides, the multiple proteins encoded in the respective Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) and their evolution have not been studied in full detail. In this work, we attempt a comprehensive analysis of the graspetide-encoding BGCs and report a variety of novel graspetide groups as well as ancillary proteins implicated in graspetide biosynthesis and expression. Results We compiled a comprehensive, manually curated set of graspetides that includes 174 families including 115 new families with distinct patterns of amino acids implicated in macrocyclization and further modification, roughly tripling the known graspetide diversity. We derived signature motifs for the leader regions of graspetide precursors that could be used to facilitate graspetide prediction. Graspetide biosynthetic gene clusters and specific precursors were identified in bacterial divisions not previously known to encode RiPPs, in particular, the parasitic and symbiotic bacteria of the Candidate phyla radiation. We identified Bacteroides-specific biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) that include remarkable diversity of graspetides encoded in the same loci which predicted to be modified by the same ATP-grasp ligase. We studied in details evolution of recently characterized chryseoviridin BGCs and showed that duplication and horizonal gene exchange both contribute to the diversification of the graspetides during evolution. Conclusions We demonstrate previously unsuspected diversity of graspetide sequences, even those associated with closely related ATP-grasp enzymes. Several previously unnoticed families of proteins associated with graspetide biosynthetic gene clusters are identified. The results of this work substantially expand the known diversity of RiPPs and can be harnessed to further advance approaches for their identification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13062-022-00320-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S Makarova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
| | - Brittney Blackburne
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Anastasia Nikolskaya
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Svetlana Karamycheva
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Marlene Espinoza
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
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14
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Gold B, Zhang J, Quezada LL, Roberts J, Ling Y, Wood M, Shinwari W, Goullieux L, Roubert C, Fraisse L, Bacqué E, Lagrange S, Filoche-Rommé B, Vieth M, Hipskind PA, Jungheim LN, Aubé J, Scarry SM, McDonald SL, Li K, Perkowski A, Nguyen Q, Dartois V, Zimmerman M, Olsen DB, Young K, Bonnett S, Joerss D, Parish T, Boshoff HI, Arora K, Barry CE, Guijarro L, Anca S, Rullas J, Rodríguez-Salguero B, Martínez-Martínez MS, Porras-De Francisco E, Cacho M, Barros-Aguirre D, Smith P, Berthel SJ, Nathan C, Bates RH. Identification of β-Lactams Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a Consortium of Pharmaceutical Companies and Academic Institutions. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:557-573. [PMID: 35192346 PMCID: PMC8922279 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Rising antimicrobial
resistance challenges our ability to combat
bacterial infections. The problem is acute for tuberculosis (TB),
the leading cause of death from infection before COVID-19. Here, we
developed a framework for multiple pharmaceutical companies to share
proprietary information and compounds with multiple laboratories in
the academic and government sectors for a broad examination of the
ability of β-lactams to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the TB Drug Accelerator (TBDA), a consortium organized
by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, individual pharmaceutical
companies collaborate with academic screening laboratories. We developed
a higher order consortium within the TBDA in which four pharmaceutical
companies (GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, MSD, and Lilly) collectively collaborated
with screeners at Weill Cornell Medicine, the Infectious Disease Research
Institute (IDRI), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases (NIAID), pharmacologists at Rutgers University, and medicinal
chemists at the University of North Carolina to screen ∼8900
β-lactams, predominantly cephalosporins, and characterize active
compounds. In a striking contrast to historical expectation, 18% of
β-lactams screened were active against Mtb, many without a β-lactamase
inhibitor. One potent cephaloporin was active in Mtb-infected mice.
The steps outlined here can serve as a blueprint for multiparty, intra-
and intersector collaboration in the development of anti-infective
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Landys Lopez Quezada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Madeleine Wood
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Wasima Shinwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Laurent Goullieux
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec (Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Christine Roubert
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec (Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
| | - Eric Bacqué
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec (Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Lagrange
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec (Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Michal Vieth
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, 10290 Campus Point Dr, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Louis N. Jungheim
- YourEncore, 20 North Meridian Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sarah M. Scarry
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stacey L. McDonald
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Perkowski
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - David B. Olsen
- Merck & Co., Inc., Infectious Diseases, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Katherine Young
- Merck & Co., Inc., Infectious Diseases, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shilah Bonnett
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Douglas Joerss
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura Guijarro
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Sara Anca
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rullas
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Monica Cacho
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - David Barros-Aguirre
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Paul Smith
- Independent Consultant, Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Steven J. Berthel
- Panorama Global, 2101 4th Avenue, Suite 2100, Seattle, Washington 98121, United States
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
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15
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Abstract
The majority of humans infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis never experience clinical symptoms or signs, but predicting those who will remains out of reach. Here, we discuss recent studies that reveal patterns and pathways that determine who is at highest risk for progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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16
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Bohrer AC, Castro E, Hu Z, Queiroz AT, Tocheny CE, Assmann M, Sakai S, Nelson C, Baker PJ, Ma H, Wang L, Zilu W, du Bruyn E, Riou C, Kauffman KD, Moore IN, Del Nonno F, Petrone L, Goletti D, Martineau AR, Lowe DM, Cronan MR, Wilkinson RJ, Barry CE, Via LE, Barber DL, Klion AD, Andrade BB, Song Y, Wong KW, Mayer-Barber KD. Eosinophils are part of the granulocyte response in tuberculosis and promote host resistance in mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210469. [PMID: 34347010 PMCID: PMC8348215 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires the activities of multiple leukocyte subsets, yet the roles of the different innate effector cells during tuberculosis are incompletely understood. Here we uncover an unexpected association between eosinophils and Mtb infection. In humans, eosinophils are decreased in the blood but enriched in resected human tuberculosis lung lesions and autopsy granulomas. An influx of eosinophils is also evident in infected zebrafish, mice, and nonhuman primate granulomas, where they are functionally activated and degranulate. Importantly, using complementary genetic models of eosinophil deficiency, we demonstrate that in mice, eosinophils are required for optimal pulmonary bacterial control and host survival after Mtb infection. Collectively, our findings uncover an unexpected recruitment of eosinophils to the infected lung tissue and a protective role for these cells in the control of Mtb infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Artur T.L. Queiroz
- The KAB group, Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador Brazil
| | - Claire E. Tocheny
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maike Assmann
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christine Nelson
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zilu
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elsa du Bruyn
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tuberculosis Imaging Program
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- Pathology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani,” Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Adrian R. Martineau
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Lowe
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R. Cronan
- In Vivo Cell Biology of Infection Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy D. Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- The KAB group, Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador Brazil
| | - Yanzheng Song
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka-Wing Wong
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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17
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Chen RY, Yu X, Smith B, Liu X, Gao J, Diacon AH, Dawson R, Tameris M, Zhu H, Qu Y, Zhang R, Pan S, Jin X, Goldfeder LC, Cai Y, Arora K, Wang J, Vincent J, Malherbe ST, Thienemann F, Wilkinson RJ, Walzl G, Barry CE. Radiological and functional evidence of the bronchial spread of tuberculosis: an observational analysis. Lancet Microbe 2021; 2:e518-e526. [PMID: 34617068 PMCID: PMC8478663 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct bronchial spread of tuberculosis was extensively described in pre-antibiotic human pathology literature but this description has been overlooked in the post-antibiotic era, in which most pathology data come from animal models that emphasise the granuloma. Modern techniques, such as [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET-CT scans, might provide further insight. Our aim was to understand normal early tuberculosis resolution patterns on pulmonary PET-CT scans in treated patients with tuberculosis who were subsequently cured. METHODS In this observational analysis, we analysed data from PredictTB, an ongoing, prospective, randomised clinical trial that examined sequential baseline and week 4 FDG-PET-CT scans from participants successfully treated (sputum culture negative 18 months after enrolment) for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in South Africa and China. Participants who were aged 18-75 years, GeneXpert MTB/RIF positive for tuberculosis and negative for rifampicin resistance, had not yet started tuberculosis treatment, had not been treated for active tuberculosis within the previous 3 years, and met basic safety laboratory criteria were included and participants with diabetes, HIV infection, or with extrapulmonary tuberculosis including pleural tuberculosis were excluded. Scans were assessed by two readers for the location of tuberculosis lesions (eg, cavities and consolidations), bronchial thickening patterns, and changes from baseline to week 4 of treatment. FINDINGS Among the first 124 participants (enrolled from June 22, 2017, to Sept 27, 2018) who were successfully treated, 161 primarily apical cavitary lesions were identified at baseline. Bronchial thickening and inflammation linking non-cavitary consolidative lesions to cavities were observed in 121 (98%) of 124 participants' baseline PET-CT scans. After 4 weeks of treatment, 21 (17%) of 124 participants had new or expanding lesions linked to cavities via bronchial inflammation that were not present at baseline, particularly participants with two or more cavities at baseline and participants from South Africa. INTERPRETATION In participants with pulmonary tuberculosis who were subsequently cured, the location of cavitary and non-cavitary lesions at baseline and new lesions at week 4 of treatment suggest a cavitary origin of disease and bronchial spread through the lungs. Bronchial spread from cavities might play a larger role in the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis than has been appreciated. Elucidating cavity lesion dynamics and Mycobacterium tuberculosis viability within cavities might better explain treatment outcomes and why some patients are cured and others relapse. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, China Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and National Institutes of Health. TRANSLATIONS For the Chinese, Afrikaans and Xhosa translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Y Chen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Xiang Yu
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bronwyn Smith
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Xin Liu
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingcai Gao
- Sino-US Tuberculosis Collaborative Research Program, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Andreas H Diacon
- Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- TASK Applied Science, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rodney Dawson
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Tameris
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hong Zhu
- Sino-US Tuberculosis Collaborative Research Program, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yahong Qu
- Kaifeng City Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ruanqing Zhang
- Xinxiang City Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shouguo Pan
- Zhongmu County Health and Epidemic Prevention Station, Zhongmu, Henan, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Xinmi City Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Xinmi, Henan, China
| | - Lisa C Goldfeder
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Cai
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joel Vincent
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanus T Malherbe
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Ernest JP, Sarathy J, Wang N, Kaya F, Zimmerman MD, Strydom N, Wang H, Xie M, Gengenbacher M, Via LE, Barry CE, Carter CL, Savic RM, Dartois V. Lesion Penetration and Activity Limit the Utility of Second-Line Injectable Agents in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0050621. [PMID: 34252307 PMCID: PMC8448094 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00506-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amikacin and kanamycin are second-line injectables used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) based on the clinical utility of streptomycin, another aminoglycoside and first-line anti-TB drug. While streptomycin was tested as a single agent in the first controlled TB clinical trial, introduction of amikacin and kanamycin into MDR-TB regimens was not preceded by randomized controlled trials. A recent large retrospective meta-analysis revealed that compared with regimens without any injectable drug, amikacin provided modest benefits, and kanamycin was associated with worse outcomes. Although their long-term use can cause irreversible ototoxicity, they remain part of MDR-TB regimens because they have a role in preventing emergence of resistance to other drugs. To quantify the contribution of amikacin and kanamycin to second-line regimens, we applied two-dimensional matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging in large lung lesions, quantified drug exposure in lung and in lesions of rabbits with active TB, and measured the concentrations required to kill or inhibit growth of the resident bacterial populations. Using these metrics, we applied site-of-action pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) concepts and simulated drug coverage in patients' lung lesions. The results provide a pharmacological explanation for the limited clinical utility of both agents and reveal better PK-PD lesion coverage for amikacin than kanamycin, consistent with retrospective data of contribution to treatment success. Together with recent mechanistic studies dissecting antibacterial activity from aminoglycoside ototoxicity, the limited but rapid penetration of streptomycin, amikacin, and kanamycin to the sites of TB disease supports the development of analogs with improved efficacy and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Ernest
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jansy Sarathy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Firat Kaya
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew D. Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Natasha Strydom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Claire L. Carter
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Radojka M. Savic
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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19
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Khonde LP, Müller R, Boyle GA, Reddy V, Nchinda AT, Eyermann CJ, Fienberg S, Singh V, Myrick A, Abay E, Njoroge M, Lawrence N, Su Q, Myers TG, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE, Sirgel FA, van Helden PD, Massoudi LM, Robertson GT, Lenaerts AJ, Basarab GS, Ghorpade SR, Chibale K. 1,3-Diarylpyrazolyl-acylsulfonamides as Potent Anti-tuberculosis Agents Targeting Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12790-12807. [PMID: 34414766 PMCID: PMC10500703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic whole cell high-throughput screening of a ∼150,000 diverse set of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in cholesterol-containing media identified 1,3-diarylpyrazolyl-acylsulfonamide 1 as a moderately active hit. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated a clear scope to improve whole cell potency to MIC values of <0.5 μM, and a plausible pharmacophore model was developed to describe the chemical space of active compounds. Compounds are bactericidal in vitro against replicating Mtb and retained activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Initial biology triage assays indicated cell wall biosynthesis as a plausible mode-of-action for the series. However, no cross-resistance with known cell wall targets such as MmpL3, DprE1, InhA, and EthA was detected, suggesting a potentially novel mode-of-action or inhibition. The in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics profiles of several active compounds from the series were established leading to the identification of a compound for in vivo efficacy proof-of-concept studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutete Peguy Khonde
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Rudolf Müller
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Grant A. Boyle
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Virsinha Reddy
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Aloysius T. Nchinda
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Charles J. Eyermann
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Stephen Fienberg
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Alissa Myrick
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Efrem Abay
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Qin Su
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Frederick A Sirgel
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research / DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Paul D van Helden
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research / DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Lisa M. Massoudi
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Gregory T. Robertson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Anne J. Lenaerts
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Gregory S. Basarab
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Sandeep R. Ghorpade
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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20
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Aldridge BB, Barros-Aguirre D, Barry CE, Bates RH, Berthel SJ, Boshoff HI, Chibale K, Chu XJ, Cooper CB, Dartois V, Duncan K, Fotouhi N, Gusovsky F, Hipskind PA, Kempf DJ, Lelièvre J, Lenaerts AJ, McNamara CW, Mizrahi V, Nathan C, Olsen DB, Parish T, Petrassi HM, Pym A, Rhee KY, Robertson GT, Rock JM, Rubin EJ, Russell B, Russell DG, Sacchettini JC, Schnappinger D, Schrimpf M, Upton AM, Warner P, Wyatt PG, Yuan Y. The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator at year 10: what have we learned? Nat Med 2021; 27:1333-1337. [PMID: 34226736 PMCID: PMC10478072 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator, an experiment designed to facilitate collaboration in TB drug discovery by breaking down barriers among competing labs and institutions, has reached the 10-year landmark. We review the consortium’s achievements, advantages and limitations and advocate for application of similar models to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Jie Chu
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Véronique Dartois
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Ken Duncan
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Case W McNamara
- Calibr, a division of the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tanya Parish
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eric J Rubin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Betsy Russell
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Warner
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ying Yuan
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Beijing, China
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21
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Xie YL, de Jager VR, Chen RY, Dodd LE, Paripati P, Via LE, Follmann D, Wang J, Lumbard K, Lahouar S, Malherbe ST, Andrews J, Yu X, Goldfeder LC, Cai Y, Arora K, Loxton AG, Vanker N, Duvenhage M, Winter J, Song T, Walzl G, Diacon AH, Barry CE. Fourteen-day PET/CT imaging to monitor drug combination activity in treated individuals with tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/579/eabd7618. [PMID: 33536283 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd7618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early bactericidal activity studies monitor daily sputum bacterial counts in individuals with tuberculosis (TB) for 14 days during experimental drug treatment. The rate of change in sputum bacterial load over time provides an informative, but imperfect, estimate of drug activity and is considered a critical step in development of new TB drugs. In this clinical study, 160 participants with TB received isoniazid, pyrazinamide, or rifampicin, components of first-line chemotherapy, and moxifloxacin individually and in combination. In addition to standard bacterial enumeration in sputum, participants underwent 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography and computerized tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) at the beginning and end of the 14-day drug treatment. Quantitating radiological responses to drug treatment provided comparative single and combination drug activity measures across lung lesion types that correlated more closely with established clinical outcomes when combined with sputum enumeration compared to sputum enumeration alone. Rifampicin and rifampicin-containing drug combinations were most effective in reducing both lung lesion volume measured by CT imaging and lesion-associated inflammation measured by PET imaging. Moxifloxacin was not superior to rifampicin in any measure by PET/CT imaging, consistent with its performance in recent phase 3 clinical trials. PET/CT imaging revealed synergy between isoniazid and pyrazinamide and demonstrated that the activity of pyrazinamide was limited to lung lesion, showing the highest FDG uptake during the first 2 weeks of drug treatment. [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging may be useful for measuring the activity of single drugs and drug combinations during evaluation of potential new TB drug regimens before phase 3 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda L Xie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | | - Ray Y Chen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lori E Dodd
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keith Lumbard
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Saher Lahouar
- Imaging Group, NET ESolutions Inc., McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - Stephanus T Malherbe
- Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Jenna Andrews
- Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa C Goldfeder
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ying Cai
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andre G Loxton
- Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | | | - Michael Duvenhage
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jill Winter
- Catalysis Foundation for Health, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Taeksun Song
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Andreas H Diacon
- TASK Applied Science, Cape Town 7500, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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22
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Ruf B, Wabitsch S, Ma C, Diggs LP, Heinrich B, Catania VV, Subramanyam V, Cui L, Sakai S, Oh S, Barry CE, Barber DL, Greten TF. Abstract 68: Activating mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) induces a broad anti-tumor response and offers a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-resricted innate-like T cells that recognize non-peptide antigens including riboflavin derivates. They can be detected in both primary tumors and metastasis, yet their role in cancer is still unclear. In vitro activated MAIT cells have demonstrated anti-tumor activity suggesting their potential for cancer immunotherapy, but in vivo data is lacking.
Experimental procedures
We systemically administered a combination of the VitaminB2 synthesis pathway-derived antigen 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) with Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG for in vivo activation and expansion of MAIT cells. We used three different murine models of liver tumors, a lung metastases model and subcutaneous tumors across two different mouse strains, to assess anti-tumor activity of 5-OP-RU + CpG. Tumor growth over time was measured by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Phenotypic changes of hepatic, pulmonary and tumor-infiltrating MAIT cells were detected by FLOW cytometry using MR1-tetramers. Immune cell monitoring was performed to identify alterations in the tumor microenvironment. A series of pharmacological depletion experiments was conducted to identify additional effector cells.
Results
Here, to the best of our knowledge, we report first evidence of MAIT cell-mediated anti-tumor function in vivo when activated by a combination of 5-OP-RU and TLR 9 agonist CpG. Co-administration of 5-OP-RU and CpG induced a strong systemic in vivo expansion and activation of MAIT cells with high expression of activation makers like CD69, pronounced effector memory phenotype and upregulated effector molecules including interferon (IFN)-γ, granzyme B and perforin. MAIT-directed 5-OP-RU + CpG showed pronounced and consistent anti-tumor activity in all tumor models and prolonged mouse survival. Importantly, such tumor inhibition was absent in MAIT-deficient MR1-/- mice. Additional depletion studies showed that NK cells partially mediate the MAIT-induced tumor suppression.
Conclusion
Increasing evidence suggests that MAIT cells are important players in cancer immunology. MAITs undergo a phenotypic switch and massively expand in vivo upon 5-OP-RU + CpG treatment. These licensed and educated innate-like T cells can then mediate potent anti-tumor responses in murine models and represent an attractive novel target for cancer immunotherapy. We provide a framework for how TCR-dependent pathogenic role of MAITs in malignancies can be overcome using stimulatory agents.
Citation Format: Benjamin Ruf, Simon Wabitsch, Chi Ma, Laurence P. Diggs, Bernd Heinrich, Vanessa V. Catania, Varun Subramanyam, Linda Cui, Shunsuke Sakai, Sangmi Oh, Clifton E. Barry, Daniel L. Barber, Tim F. Greten. Activating mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) induces a broad anti-tumor response and offers a novel target for cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ruf
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Chi Ma
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Linda Cui
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Sangmi Oh
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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23
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Ruf B, Catania VV, Wabitsch S, Ma C, Diggs LP, Zhang Q, Heinrich B, Subramanyam V, Cui LL, Pouzolles M, Evans CN, Chari R, Sakai S, Oh S, Barry CE, Barber DL, Greten TF. Activating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Induces a Broad Antitumor Response. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1024-1034. [PMID: 34193462 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells that recognize non-peptide antigens including riboflavin derivates. Although in vitro-activated MAIT cells show antitumor activity, the in vivo role of MAIT cells in cancer is still unclear. Here, we have shown that MAIT cells have antitumor function in vivo when activated by a combination of the synthetic riboflavin synthesis pathway-derived antigen 5-OP-RU [5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil] and the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG. Coadministration of 5-OP-RU and CpG induced strong systemic in vivo expansion and activation of MAIT cells with high CD69 expression, pronounced effector memory phenotype, and upregulated levels of effector molecules including IFNγ, granzyme B, and perforin. Activated and expanded MAITs induced a potent and broad antitumor immune response in murine models of liver metastasis and hepatocellular carcinoma, lung metastasis, and subcutaneous tumors in two different mouse strains. Such tumor inhibition was absent in MAIT-deficient Mr1 -/- mice. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MR1 knockout in tumor cells did not affect efficacy of this MAIT-directed immunotherapy, pointing toward an indirect mechanism of action. Our findings suggest that MAIT cells are an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.See related Spotlight by Lantz, p. 996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ruf
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vanessa V Catania
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simon Wabitsch
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chi Ma
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Varun Subramanyam
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Linda L Cui
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marie Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine N Evans
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. .,NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Evans JC, Murugesan D, Post JM, Mendes V, Wang Z, Nahiyaan N, Lynch SL, Thompson S, Green SR, Ray PC, Hess J, Spry C, Coyne AG, Abell C, Boshoff HIM, Wyatt PG, Rhee KY, Blundell TL, Barry CE, Mizrahi V. Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis CoaBC through Chemical Inhibition of 4'-Phosphopantothenoyl-l-cysteine Synthetase (CoaB) Activity. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1666-1679. [PMID: 33939919 PMCID: PMC8205227 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a ubiquitous cofactor present in all living cells and estimated to be required for up to 9% of intracellular enzymatic reactions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) relies on its own ability to biosynthesize CoA to meet the needs of the myriad enzymatic reactions that depend on this cofactor for activity. As such, the pathway to CoA biosynthesis is recognized as a potential source of novel tuberculosis drug targets. In prior work, we genetically validated CoaBC as a bactericidal drug target in Mtb in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe the identification of compound 1f, a small molecule inhibitor of the 4'-phosphopantothenoyl-l-cysteine synthetase (PPCS; CoaB) domain of the bifunctional Mtb CoaBC, and show that this compound displays on-target activity in Mtb. Compound 1f was found to inhibit CoaBC uncompetitively with respect to 4'-phosphopantothenate, the substrate for the CoaB-catalyzed reaction. Furthermore, metabolomic profiling of wild-type Mtb H37Rv following exposure to compound 1f produced a signature consistent with perturbations in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. As the first report of a direct small molecule inhibitor of Mtb CoaBC displaying target-selective whole-cell activity, this study confirms the druggability of CoaBC and chemically validates this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C. Evans
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases
Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa,
| | - Dinakaran Murugesan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, Scotland, U.K.
| | - John M. Post
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Vitor Mendes
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Navid Nahiyaan
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sasha L. Lynch
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases
Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Simon R. Green
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Peter C. Ray
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Jeannine Hess
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Christina Spry
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Chris Abell
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Kyu Y. Rhee
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases
Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa,Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases
Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa,
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25
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Oh S, Trifonov L, Yadav VD, Barry CE, Boshoff HI. Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: A Decade of Hit Assessment for Defined Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:611304. [PMID: 33791235 PMCID: PMC8005628 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.611304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two decades have elapsed since the publication of the first genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which, shortly thereafter, enabled methods to determine gene essentiality in the pathogen. Despite this, target-based approaches have not yielded drugs that have progressed to clinical testing. Whole-cell screening followed by elucidation of mechanism of action has to date been the most fruitful approach to progressing inhibitors into the tuberculosis drug discovery pipeline although target-based approaches are gaining momentum. This review discusses scaffolds that have been identified over the last decade from screens of small molecule libraries against Mtb or defined targets where mechanism of action investigation has defined target-hit couples and structure-activity relationship studies have described the pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lena Trifonov
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veena D Yadav
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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26
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Libardo MDJ, Duncombe CJ, Green SR, Wyatt PG, Thompson S, Ray PC, Ioerger TR, Oh S, Goodwin MB, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE. Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to indole 4-carboxamides occurs through alterations in drug metabolism and tryptophan biosynthesis. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1180-1191.e20. [PMID: 33765439 PMCID: PMC8379015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan biosynthesis represents an important potential drug target for new anti-TB drugs. We identified a series of indole-4-carboxamides with potent antitubercular activity. In vitro, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) acquired resistance to these compounds through three discrete mechanisms: (1) a decrease in drug metabolism via loss-of-function mutations in the amidase that hydrolyses these carboxamides, (2) an increased biosynthetic rate of tryptophan precursors via loss of allosteric feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase (TrpE), and (3) mutation of tryptophan synthase (TrpAB) that decreased incorporation of 4-aminoindole into 4-aminotryptophan. Thus, these indole-4-carboxamides act as prodrugs of a tryptophan antimetabolite, 4-aminoindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daben J Libardo
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caroline J Duncombe
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simon R Green
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Peter C Ray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas R Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael B Goodwin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa.
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27
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Oh S, Libardo MDJ, Azeeza S, Pauly GT, Roma JSO, Sajid A, Tateishi Y, Duncombe C, Goodwin M, Ioerger TR, Wyatt PG, Ray PC, Gray DW, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE. Structure-Activity Relationships of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-7(4 H)-ones as Antitubercular Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:479-492. [PMID: 33405882 PMCID: PMC7887755 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one was identified through high-throughput whole-cell
screening
as a potential antituberculosis lead. The core of this scaffold has
been identified several times previously and has been associated with
various modes of action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We explored this scaffold through the synthesis
of a focused library of analogues and identified key features of the
pharmacophore while achieving substantial improvements in antitubercular
activity. Our best hits had low cytotoxicity and showed promising
activity against Mtb within macrophages. The mechanism
of action of these compounds was not related to cell-wall biosynthesis,
isoprene biosynthesis, or iron uptake as has been found for other
compounds sharing this core structure. Resistance to these compounds
was conferred by mutation of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent
hydroxylase (Rv1751) that promoted compound catabolism by hydroxylation
from molecular oxygen. Our results highlight the risks of chemical
clustering without establishing mechanistic similarity of chemically
related growth inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - M. Daben J. Libardo
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Shaik Azeeza
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gary T. Pauly
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jose Santinni O. Roma
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yoshitaka Tateishi
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Caroline Duncombe
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michael Goodwin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Ray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
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28
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Soares de Melo C, Singh V, Myrick A, Simelane SB, Taylor D, Brunschwig C, Lawrence N, Schnappinger D, Engelhart CA, Kumar A, Parish T, Su Q, Myers TG, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE, Sirgel FA, van Helden PD, Buchanan KI, Bayliss T, Green SR, Ray PC, Wyatt PG, Basarab GS, Eyermann CJ, Chibale K, Ghorpade SR. Antitubercular 2-Pyrazolylpyrimidinones: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mode-of-Action Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:719-740. [PMID: 33395287 PMCID: PMC7816196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening of a Medicines for Malaria Venture compound library against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) identified a cluster of pan-active 2-pyrazolylpyrimidinones. The biology triage of these actives using various tool strains of Mtb suggested a novel mechanism of action. The compounds were bactericidal against replicating Mtb and retained potency against clinical isolates of Mtb. Although selected MmpL3 mutant strains of Mtb showed resistance to these compounds, there was no shift in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a mmpL3 hypomorph, suggesting mutations in MmpL3 as a possible resistance mechanism for the compounds but not necessarily as the target. RNA transcriptional profiling and the checkerboard board 2D-MIC assay in the presence of varying concentrations of ferrous salt indicated perturbation of the Fe-homeostasis by the compounds. Structure-activity relationship studies identified potent compounds with good physicochemical properties and in vitro microsomal metabolic stability with moderate selectivity over cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Soares de Melo
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South
African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research
Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Alissa Myrick
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sandile B. Simelane
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Christel Brunschwig
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Curtis A. Engelhart
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Anuradha Kumar
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Qin Su
- Genomic
Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Genomic
Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Frederick A. Sirgel
- South
African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF
Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division
of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- South
African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF
Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division
of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Kirsteen I. Buchanan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Tracy Bayliss
- Drug
Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Simon R. Green
- Drug
Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Peter C. Ray
- Drug
Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Drug
Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Gregory S. Basarab
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Charles J. Eyermann
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South
African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research
Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sandeep R. Ghorpade
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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29
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Mendes V, Green SR, Evans JC, Hess J, Blaszczyk M, Spry C, Bryant O, Cory-Wright J, Chan DSH, Torres PHM, Wang Z, Nahiyaan N, O’Neill S, Damerow S, Post J, Bayliss T, Lynch SL, Coyne AG, Ray PC, Abell C, Rhee KY, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE, Mizrahi V, Wyatt PG, Blundell TL. Inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis CoaBC by targeting an allosteric site. Nat Commun 2021; 12:143. [PMID: 33420031 PMCID: PMC7794376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a fundamental co-factor for all life, involved in numerous metabolic pathways and cellular processes, and its biosynthetic pathway has raised substantial interest as a drug target against multiple pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The biosynthesis of CoA is performed in five steps, with the second and third steps being catalysed in the vast majority of prokaryotes, including M. tuberculosis, by a single bifunctional protein, CoaBC. Depletion of CoaBC was found to be bactericidal in M. tuberculosis. Here we report the first structure of a full-length CoaBC, from the model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis, describe how it is organised as a dodecamer and regulated by CoA thioesters. A high-throughput biochemical screen focusing on CoaB identified two inhibitors with different chemical scaffolds. Hit expansion led to the discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of M. tuberculosis CoaB, which we show to bind to a cryptic allosteric site within CoaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Mendes
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - Simon R. Green
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - Joanna C. Evans
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeannine Hess
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Michal Blaszczyk
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - Christina Spry
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Owain Bryant
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - James Cory-Wright
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - Daniel S-H. Chan
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Pedro H. M. Torres
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - Zhe Wang
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Navid Nahiyaan
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Sandra O’Neill
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - Sebastian Damerow
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - John Post
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - Tracy Bayliss
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - Sasha L. Lynch
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Peter C. Ray
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - Chris Abell
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Kyu Y. Rhee
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa ,grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
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30
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Wang Q, Boshoff HIM, Harrison JR, Ray PC, Green SR, Wyatt PG, Barry CE. PE/PPE proteins mediate nutrient transport across the outer membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science 2020; 367:1147-1151. [PMID: 32139546 PMCID: PMC11036889 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav5912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an unusual outer membrane that lacks canonical porin proteins for the transport of small solutes to the periplasm. We discovered that 3,3-bis-di(methylsulfonyl)propionamide (3bMP1) inhibits the growth of M. tuberculosis, and resistance to this compound is conferred by mutation within a member of the proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) family, PPE51. Deletion of PPE51 rendered M. tuberculosis cells unable to replicate on propionamide, glucose, or glycerol. Growth was restored upon loss of the mycobacterial cell wall component phthiocerol dimycocerosate. Mutants in other proline-glutamate (PE)/PPE clusters, responsive to magnesium and phosphate, also showed a phthiocerol dimycocerosate-dependent growth compromise upon limitation of the corresponding substrate. Phthiocerol dimycocerosate determined the low permeability of the mycobacterial outer membrane, and the PE/PPE proteins apparently act as solute-specific channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Wang
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin R Harrison
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Peter C Ray
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Exscientia Ltd., Oxford OX1 3LD, UK
| | - Simon R Green
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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31
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Abstract
Guidelines on the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have essentially remained the same for the past 35 years, but are now starting to change. Ongoing clinical trials will hopefully transform the landscape for treatment of drug sensitive TB, drug resistant TB, and latent TB infection. Multiple trials are evaluating novel agents, repurposed agents, adjunctive host directed therapies, and novel treatment strategies that will increase the probability of success of future clinical trials. Guidelines for HIV-TB co-infection treatment continue to be updated and drug resistance testing has been revolutionized in recent years with the shift from phenotypic to genotypic testing and the concomitant increased speed of results. These coming changes are long overdue and are sorely needed to address the vast disparities in global TB incidence rates. TB is currently the leading cause of death globally from a single infectious agent, but the work of many researchers and the contributions of many patients in clinical trials will reduce the substantial global morbidity and mortality of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lee
- Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Medicine, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yingda Linda Xie
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Medicine, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Medicine, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ray Y Chen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Medicine, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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32
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Malherbe ST, Chen RY, Dupont P, Kant I, Kriel M, Loxton AG, Smith B, Beltran CGG, van Zyl S, McAnda S, Abrahams C, Maasdorp E, Doruyter A, Via LE, Barry CE, Alland D, Richards SG, Ellman A, Peppard T, Belisle J, Tromp G, Ronacher K, Warwick JM, Winter J, Walzl G. Quantitative 18F-FDG PET-CT scan characteristics correlate with tuberculosis treatment response. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:8. [PMID: 32040770 PMCID: PMC7010890 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing interest in the use of F-18 FDG PET-CT to monitor tuberculosis (TB) treatment response. Tuberculosis lung lesions are often complex and diffuse, with dynamic changes during treatment and persisting metabolic activity after apparent clinical cure. This poses a challenge in quantifying scan-based markers of burden of disease and disease activity. We used semi-automated, whole lung quantification of lung lesions to analyse serial FDG PET-CT scans from the Catalysis TB Treatment Response Cohort to identify characteristics that best correlated with clinical and microbiological outcomes. Results Quantified scan metrics were already associated with clinical outcomes at diagnosis and 1 month after treatment, with further improved accuracy to differentiate clinical outcomes after standard treatment duration (month 6). A high cavity volume showed the strongest association with a risk of treatment failure (AUC 0.81 to predict failure at diagnosis), while a suboptimal reduction of the total glycolytic activity in lung lesions during treatment had the strongest association with recurrent disease (AUC 0.8 to predict pooled unfavourable outcomes). During the first year after TB treatment lesion burden reduced; but for many patients, there were continued dynamic changes of individual lesions. Conclusions Quantification of FDG PET-CT images better characterised TB treatment outcomes than qualitative scan patterns and robustly measured the burden of disease. In future, validated metrics may be used to stratify patients and help evaluate the effectiveness of TB treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanus T Malherbe
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ray Y Chen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ilse Kant
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Kriel
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - André G Loxton
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bronwyn Smith
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caroline G G Beltran
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susan van Zyl
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shirely McAnda
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charmaine Abrahams
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizna Maasdorp
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative (SATBBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alex Doruyter
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Node for Infection Imaging, Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Alland
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stephanie Griffith- Richards
- Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annare Ellman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - John Belisle
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gerard Tromp
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative (SATBBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James M Warwick
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jill Winter
- Catalysis Foundation for Health, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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33
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De Rycker M, Horn D, Aldridge B, Amewu RK, Barry CE, Buckner FS, Cook S, Ferguson MAJ, Gobeau N, Herrmann J, Herrling P, Hope W, Keiser J, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Leeson PD, Leroy D, Manjunatha UH, McCarthy J, Miles TJ, Mizrahi V, Moshynets O, Niles J, Overington JP, Pottage J, Rao SPS, Read KD, Ribeiro I, Silver LL, Southern J, Spangenberg T, Sundar S, Taylor C, Van Voorhis W, White NJ, Wyllie S, Wyatt PG, Gilbert IH. Setting Our Sights on Infectious Diseases. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3-13. [PMID: 31808676 PMCID: PMC6958537 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In
May 2019, the Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research (WCAIR) at the University of Dundee, UK, held an international
conference with the aim of discussing some key questions around discovering
new medicines for infectious diseases and a particular focus on diseases
affecting Low and Middle Income Countries. There is an urgent need
for new drugs to treat most infectious diseases. We were keen to see
if there were lessons that we could learn across different disease
areas and between the preclinical and clinical phases with the aim
of exploring how we can improve and speed up the drug discovery, translational,
and clinical development processes. We started with an introductory
session on the current situation and then worked backward from clinical
development to combination therapy, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
(PK/PD) studies, drug discovery pathways, and new starting points
and targets. This Viewpoint aims to capture some of the learnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu De Rycker
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - David Horn
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Bree Aldridge
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Richard K. Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Frederick S. Buckner
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, MS 358061, 750 Republican Street, Rm E-606, Seattle, Washington 98109-4766, United States
| | - Sarah Cook
- School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, 1 University Gardens, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. J. Ferguson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Gobeau
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), PO Box 1826, 20 Route de Pré-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Department Microbial Natural Products, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, partner
site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - William Hope
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Didier Leroy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), PO Box 1826, 20 Route de Pré-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Ujjini H. Manjunatha
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - James McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Hertson, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Miles
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Olena Moshynets
- Biofilm Study Group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnoho Street, Kiev 03143, Ukraine
| | - Jacquin Niles
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 1-206, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - John P. Overington
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley
Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - John Pottage
- ViiV Healthcare, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasa P. S. Rao
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Isabela Ribeiro
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Chemin Louis-Dunant 15, 1202 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Jen Southern
- Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts (LICA), The LICA Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A., a subsidiary
of Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany, Route de Crassier 1, 1262 Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Caitlin Taylor
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Wes Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, MS 358061, 750 Republican Street, Rm E-606, Seattle, Washington 98109-4766, United States
| | - Nicholas J. White
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 3/F, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Susan Wyllie
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H. Gilbert
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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34
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Whitehouse AJ, Libardo MDJ, Kasbekar M, Brear PD, Fischer G, Thomas CJ, Barry CE, Boshoff HIM, Coyne AG, Abell C. Targeting of Fumarate Hydratase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Allosteric Inhibitors with a Dimeric-Binding Mode. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10586-10604. [PMID: 31517489 PMCID: PMC10478077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With the growing worldwide prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB), new targets are urgently required for the development of treatments with novel modes of action. Fumarate hydratase (fumarase), a vulnerable component of the citric acid cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a metabolic target that could satisfy this unmet demand. A key challenge in the targeting of Mtb fumarase is its similarity to the human homolog, which shares an identical active site. A potential solution to this selectivity problem was previously found in a high-throughput screening hit that binds in a nonconserved allosteric site. In this work, a structure-activity relationship study was carried out with the determination of further structural biology on the lead series, affording derivatives with sub-micromolar inhibition. Further, the screening of this series against Mtb in vitro identified compounds with potent minimum inhibitory concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Whitehouse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - M. Daben J. Libardo
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Kasbekar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Paul D. Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Gerhard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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35
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Xie YL, Cronin WA, Proschan M, Oatis R, Cohn S, Curry SR, Golub JE, Barry CE, Dorman SE. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis From Patients Who Are Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Negative. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:1653-1659. [PMID: 29697779 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among adults with signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), recognition of transmissible TB has implications for airborne infection isolation and public health activities. Sputum smear-negative TB patients account for around one-fifth of tuberculosis transmission. The tuberculosis transmission risk of TB patients with negative results on nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of respiratory specimens has not been established. We sought to estimate the tuberculosis transmission risk of NAAT-negative TB patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed Maryland TB program data collected from 2004 to 2009, during which time NAAT using the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD) was performed routinely. Patients with sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) isolates having matching genotypes were assigned to clusters. Transmission sequence was approximated by collection order of individuals' first culture-positive specimens. Minimum transmission risks of NAAT (MTD)-negative TB patients and of smear-negative TB patients were estimated based on individuals' positions within clusters. Results Among 809 patients with culture-confirmed TB, M.tb genotypes were available for 782 (96.7%). For NAA-negative TB patients, the minimum transmission risk estimate was 5.1% (95% CI 0-11.4). For smear-negative TB patients, the minimum transmission risk estimate was 11.2% (95% CI 7.2-15.3). Conclusions Minimum transmission risk of NAAT-negative TB patients was lower than that of smear-negative TB patients. However, transmission risk of NAA-negative TB patients appears to not be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda L Xie
- Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Cohn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jonathan E Golub
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda
| | - Susan E Dorman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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36
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Oliveira-de-Souza D, Vinhaes CL, Arriaga MB, Kumar NP, Cubillos-Angulo JM, Shi R, Wei W, Yuan X, Zhang G, Cai Y, Barry CE, Via LE, Sher A, Babu S, Mayer-Barber KD, Nakaya HI, Fukutani KF, Andrade BB. Molecular degree of perturbation of plasma inflammatory markers associated with tuberculosis reveals distinct disease profiles between Indian and Chinese populations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8002. [PMID: 31142816 PMCID: PMC6541651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinical presentation of TB patients is very diverse and disease heterogeneity is associated with changes in biomarker signatures. Here, we compared at the molecular level the extent of individual inflammatory perturbation of plasma protein and lipid mediators associated with TB in patients in China versus India. We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing the overall degree of inflammatory perturbation in treatment-naïve pulmonary TB patients and uninfected individuals from India (TB: n = 97, healthy: n = 20) and China (TB: n = 100, healthy: n = 11). We employed the molecular degree of perturbation (MDP) adapted to plasma biomarkers to examine the overall changes in inflammation between these countries. M. tuberculosis infection caused a significant degree of molecular perturbation in patients from both countries, with higher perturbation detected in India. Interestingly, there were differences in biomarker perturbation patterns and the overall degree of inflammation. Patients with severe TB exhibited increased MDP values and Indian patients with this condition exhibited even higher degree of perturbation compared to Chinese patients. Network analyses identified IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1RI and TNF-α as combined biomarkers that account for the overall molecular perturbation in the entire study population. Our results delineate the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory perturbation in pulmonary TB and reveal qualitative changes in inflammatory profiles between two countries with high disease prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Caian L Vinhaes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Maria B Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Juan M Cubillos-Angulo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
| | - Ruiru Shi
- Henan Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Henan Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Henan Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Sino-US International Research Center for Tuberculosis, and Henan Public Health Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Pathophysiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508, Brazil
| | - Kiyoshi F Fukutani
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil.
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, 40210-320, Brazil.
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, 41720-200, Brazil.
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37
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Strydom N, Gupta SV, Fox WS, Via LE, Bang H, Lee M, Eum S, Shim T, Barry CE, Zimmerman M, Dartois V, Savic RM. Tuberculosis drugs' distribution and emergence of resistance in patient's lung lesions: A mechanistic model and tool for regimen and dose optimization. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002773. [PMID: 30939136 PMCID: PMC6445413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sites of mycobacterial infection in the lungs of tuberculosis (TB) patients have complex structures and poor vascularization, which obstructs drug distribution to these hard-to-reach and hard-to-treat disease sites, further leading to suboptimal drug concentrations, resulting in compromised TB treatment response and resistance development. Quantifying lesion-specific drug uptake and pharmacokinetics (PKs) in TB patients is necessary to optimize treatment regimens at all infection sites, to identify patients at risk, to improve existing regimens, and to advance development of novel regimens. Using drug-level data in plasma and from 9 distinct pulmonary lesion types (vascular, avascular, and mixed) obtained from 15 hard-to-treat TB patients who failed TB treatments and therefore underwent lung resection surgery, we quantified the distribution and the penetration of 7 major TB drugs at these sites, and we provide novel tools for treatment optimization. METHODS AND FINDINGS A total of 329 plasma- and 1,362 tissue-specific drug concentrations from 9 distinct lung lesion types were obtained according to optimal PK sampling schema from 15 patients (10 men, 5 women, aged 23 to 58) undergoing lung resection surgery (clinical study NCT00816426 performed in South Korea between 9 June 2010 and 24 June 2014). Seven major TB drugs (rifampin [RIF], isoniazid [INH], linezolid [LZD], moxifloxacin [MFX], clofazimine [CFZ], pyrazinamide [PZA], and kanamycin [KAN]) were quantified. We developed and evaluated a site-of-action mechanistic PK model using nonlinear mixed effects methodology. We quantified population- and patient-specific lesion/plasma ratios (RPLs), dynamics, and variability of drug uptake into each lesion for each drug. CFZ and MFX had higher drug exposures in lesions compared to plasma (median RPL 2.37, range across lesions 1.26-22.03); RIF, PZA, and LZD showed moderate yet suboptimal lesion penetration (median RPL 0.61, range 0.21-2.4), while INH and KAN showed poor tissue penetration (median RPL 0.4, range 0.03-0.73). Stochastic PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) simulations were carried out to evaluate current regimen combinations and dosing guidelines in distinct patient strata. Patients receiving standard doses of RIF and INH, who are of the lower range of exposure distribution, spent substantial periods (>12 h/d) below effective concentrations in hard-to-treat lesions, such as caseous lesions and cavities. Standard doses of INH (300 mg) and KAN (1,000 mg) did not reach therapeutic thresholds in most lesions for a majority of the population. Drugs and doses that did reach target exposure in most subjects include 400 mg MFX and 100 mg CFZ. Patients with cavitary lesions, irrespective of drug choice, have an increased likelihood of subtherapeutic concentrations, leading to a higher risk of resistance acquisition while on treatment. A limitation of this study was the small sample size of 15 patients, performed in a unique study population of TB patients who failed treatment and underwent lung resection surgery. These results still need further exploration and validation in larger and more diverse cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the ability to reach and maintain therapeutic concentrations is both lesion and drug specific, indicating that stratifying patients based on disease extent, lesion types, and individual drug-susceptibility profiles may eventually be useful for guiding the selection of patient-tailored drug regimens and may lead to improved TB treatment outcomes. We provide a web-based tool to further explore this model and results at http://saviclab.org/tb-lesion/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Strydom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sneha V. Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William S. Fox
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hyeeun Bang
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Myungsun Lee
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyong Eum
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeSun Shim
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Public Health Research Institute and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Radojka M. Savic
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Swindells S, Siccardi M, Barrett SE, Olsen DB, Grobler JA, Podany AT, Nuermberger E, Kim P, Barry CE, Owen A, Hazuda D, Flexner C. Long-acting formulations for the treatment of latent tuberculous infection: opportunities and challenges. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:125-132. [PMID: 29506608 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting/extended-release drug formulations have proved very successful in diverse areas of medicine, including contraception, psychiatry and, most recently, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Though challenging, application of this technology to anti-tuberculosis treatment could have substantial impact. The duration of treatment required for all forms of tuberculosis (TB) put existing regimens at risk of failure because of early discontinuations and treatment loss to follow-up. Long-acting injections, for example, administered every month, could improve patient adherence and treatment outcomes. We review the state of the science for potential long-acting formulations of existing tuberculosis drugs, and propose a target product profile for new formulations to treat latent tuberculous infection (LTBI). The physicochemical properties of some anti-tuberculosis drugs make them unsuitable for long-acting formulation, but there are promising candidates that have been identified through modeling and simulation, as well as other novel agents and formulations in preclinical testing. An efficacious long-acting treatment for LTBI, particularly for those co-infected with HIV, and if coupled with a biomarker to target those at highest risk for disease progression, would be an important tool to accelerate progress towards TB elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Swindells
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - S E Barrett
- Sterile Formulation Sciences, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D B Olsen
- Infectious Disease, Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J A Grobler
- Infectious Disease, Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A T Podany
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - P Kim
- Office of AIDS Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - C E Barry
- National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A Owen
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Hazuda
- Infectious Disease, Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Flexner
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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39
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Oh S, Park Y, Engelhart CA, Wallach JB, Schnappinger D, Arora K, Manikkam M, Gac B, Wang H, Murgolo N, Olsen DB, Goodwin M, Sutphin M, Weiner DM, Via LE, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE. Discovery and Structure-Activity-Relationship Study of N-Alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone Carboxamides as Novel Antitubercular Agents Targeting Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-Oxidase. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9952-9965. [PMID: 30350998 PMCID: PMC6257622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Magnesium plays an important role
in infection with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb) as a signal of the extracellular
environment, as a cofactor for many enzymes, and as a structural element
in important macromolecules. Raltegravir, an antiretroviral drug that
inhibits HIV-1 integrase is known to derive its potency from selective
sequestration of active-site magnesium ions in addition to binding
to a hydrophobic pocket. In order to determine if essential Mtb-related phosphoryl transfers could be disrupted in a
similar manner, a directed screen of known molecules with integrase
inhibitor-like pharmacophores (N-alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone
carboxamides) was performed. Initial hits afforded compounds with
low-micromolar potency against Mtb, acceptable cytotoxicity
and PK characteristics, and robust SAR. Elucidation of the target
of these compounds revealed that they lacked magnesium dependence
and instead disappointingly inhibited a known promiscuous target in Mtb, decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2′-oxidase
(DprE1, Rv3790).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Yumi Park
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Curtis A Engelhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10021 , United States
| | - Joshua B Wallach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10021 , United States
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10021 , United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Michelle Manikkam
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Brian Gac
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Discovery Research , Merck & Company, Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - Nicholas Murgolo
- Discovery Research , Merck & Company, Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - David B Olsen
- Discovery Research , Merck & Company, Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - Michael Goodwin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Michelle Sutphin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Danielle M Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7935 , South Africa
| | - Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7935 , South Africa
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40
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J Libardo MD, Boshoff HI, Barry CE. The present state of the tuberculosis drug development pipeline. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 42:81-94. [PMID: 30144650 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis now ranks as the leading cause of death in the world due to a single infectious agent. Current standard of care treatment can achieve very high cure rates for drug-sensitive disease but requires a 6-month duration of chemotherapy. Drug-resistant disease requires significantly longer treatment durations with drugs associated with a higher risk of adverse events. Thus, there is a pressing need for a drug regimen that is safer, shorter in duration and superior to current front-line chemotherapy in terms of efficacy. The TB drug pipeline contains several candidates that address one or more of the required attributes of chemotherapeutic regimens that may redefine the standard of care of this disease. Several new drugs have been reported and novel targets have been identified allowing regimens containing new compounds to trickle into clinical studies. Furthermore, a recent paradigm-shift in understanding the pharmacokinetics of anti-tubercular drugs is revolutionizing the way we select compounds for clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daben J Libardo
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Helena Im Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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41
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Guerrini V, Prideaux B, Blanc L, Bruiners N, Arrigucci R, Singh S, Ho-Liang HP, Salamon H, Chen PY, Lakehal K, Subbian S, O’Brien P, Via LE, Barry CE, Dartois V, Gennaro ML. Storage lipid studies in tuberculosis reveal that foam cell biogenesis is disease-specific. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007223. [PMID: 30161232 PMCID: PMC6117085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells are lipid-laden macrophages that contribute to the inflammation and tissue damage associated with many chronic inflammatory disorders. Although foam cell biogenesis has been extensively studied in atherosclerosis, how these cells form during a chronic infectious disease such as tuberculosis is unknown. Here we report that, unlike the cholesterol-laden cells of atherosclerosis, foam cells in tuberculous lung lesions accumulate triglycerides. Consequently, the biogenesis of foam cells varies with the underlying disease. In vitro mechanistic studies showed that triglyceride accumulation in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by TNF receptor signaling through downstream activation of the caspase cascade and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These features are distinct from the known biogenesis of atherogenic foam cells and establish a new paradigm for non-atherogenic foam cell formation. Moreover, they reveal novel targets for disease-specific pharmacological interventions against maladaptive macrophage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Landry Blanc
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Arrigucci
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hsin Pin Ho-Liang
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hugh Salamon
- Knowledge Synthesis, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Karim Lakehal
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Paul O’Brien
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
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42
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Malherbe ST, Dupont P, Kant I, Ahlers P, Kriel M, Loxton AG, Chen RY, Via LE, Thienemann F, Wilkinson RJ, Barry CE, Griffith-Richards S, Ellman A, Ronacher K, Winter J, Walzl G, Warwick JM. A semi-automatic technique to quantify complex tuberculous lung lesions on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerised tomography images. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:55. [PMID: 29943161 PMCID: PMC6020088 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in the use of 18F-FDG PET-CT to monitor tuberculosis (TB) treatment response. However, TB causes complex and widespread pathology, which is challenging to segment and quantify in a reproducible manner. To address this, we developed a technique to standardise uptake (Z-score), segment and quantify tuberculous lung lesions on PET and CT concurrently, in order to track changes over time. We used open source tools and created a MATLAB script. The technique was optimised on a training set of five pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases after standard TB therapy and 15 control patients with lesion-free lungs. RESULTS We compared the proposed method to a fixed threshold (SUV > 1) and manual segmentation by two readers and piloted the technique successfully on scans of five control patients and five PTB cases (four cured and one failed treatment case), at diagnosis and after 1 and 6 months of treatment. There was a better correlation between the Z-score-based segmentation and manual segmentation than SUV > 1 and manual segmentation in terms of overall spatial overlap (measured in Dice similarity coefficient) and specificity (1 minus false positive volume fraction). However, SUV > 1 segmentation appeared more sensitive. Both the Z-score and SUV > 1 showed very low variability when measuring change over time. In addition, total glycolytic activity, calculated using segmentation by Z-score and lesion-to-background ratio, correlated well with traditional total glycolytic activity calculations. The technique quantified various PET and CT parameters, including the total glycolytic activity index, metabolic lesion volume, lesion volumes at different CT densities and combined PET and CT parameters. The quantified metrics showed a marked decrease in the cured cases, with changes already apparent at month one, but remained largely unchanged in the failed treatment case. CONCLUSIONS Our technique is promising to segment and quantify the lung scans of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a semi-automatic manner, appropriate for measuring treatment response. Further validation is required in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanus T. Malherbe
- DDST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ilse Kant
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petri Ahlers
- DDST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Kriel
- DDST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - André G. Loxton
- DDST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ray Y. Chen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Republic of South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Republic of South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Republic of South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 2AT UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- DDST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Republic of South Africa
| | - Stephanie Griffith-Richards
- Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annare Ellman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- DDST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Jill Winter
- Catalysis Foundation for Health, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DDST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James M. Warwick
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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43
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Murugesan D, Ray PC, Bayliss T, Prosser GA, Harrison JR, Green K, Soares de Melo C, Feng TS, Street LJ, Chibale K, Warner DF, Mizrahi V, Epemolu O, Scullion P, Ellis L, Riley J, Shishikura Y, Ferguson L, Osuna-Cabello M, Read KD, Green SR, Lamprecht DA, Finin PM, Steyn AJC, Ioerger TR, Sacchettini J, Rhee KY, Arora K, Barry CE, Wyatt PG, Boshoff HIM. 2-Mercapto-Quinazolinones as Inhibitors of Type II NADH Dehydrogenase and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Structure-Activity Relationships, Mechanism of Action and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion Characterization. ACS Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29522317 PMCID: PMC5996347 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) possesses
two nonproton pumping type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2)
enzymes which are predicted to be jointly essential for respiratory
metabolism. Furthermore, the structure of a closely related bacterial
NDH-2 has been reported recently, allowing for the structure-based
design of small-molecule inhibitors. Herein, we disclose MTb whole-cell structure–activity relationships (SARs) for a series of 2-mercapto-quinazolinones which target the ndh encoded NDH-2 with nanomolar potencies. The compounds were inactivated by glutathione-dependent adduct formation as well as quinazolinone oxidation in microsomes. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated modest bioavailability and compound exposures. Resistance to the compounds in MTb was conferred by promoter mutations in the alternative nonessential NDH-2 encoded by ndhA in MTb. Bioenergetic analyses revealed a decrease in oxygen consumption rates in response to inhibitor in cells in which membrane potential was uncoupled from ATP production, while inverted membrane vesicles showed mercapto-quinazolinone-dependent inhibition of ATP production when NADH was the electron donor to the respiratory chain. Enzyme kinetic studies further demonstrated noncompetitive inhibition, suggesting binding of this scaffold to an allosteric site. In summary, while the initial MTb SAR showed limited improvement in potency, these results, combined with structural information on the bacterial protein, will aid in the future discovery of new and improved NDH-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Murugesan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Ray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Bayliss
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth A. Prosser
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Justin R. Harrison
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsteen Green
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Candice Soares de Melo
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Tzu-Shean Feng
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Leslie J. Street
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Scullion
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ellis
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Green
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk A. Lamprecht
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), K-RITH Tower Building Level 3, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Peter M. Finin
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), K-RITH Tower Building Level 3, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Adrie J. C. Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), K-RITH Tower Building Level 3, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 Second Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2170, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jim Sacchettini
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kyu Y. Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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44
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Liang L, Shi R, Liu X, Yuan X, Zheng S, Zhang G, Wang W, Wang J, England K, Via LE, Cai Y, Goldfeder LC, Dodd LE, Barry CE, Chen RY. Interferon-gamma response to the treatment of active pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 21:1145-1149. [PMID: 28911359 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) are used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) but not to measure treatment response. OBJECTIVE To measure IFN-γ response to active anti-tuberculosis treatment. DESIGN Patients from the Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Henan, China, with TB symptoms and/or signs were enrolled into this prospective, observational cohort study and followed for 6 months of treatment, with blood and sputum samples collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. The QuantiFERON® TB-Gold assay was run on collected blood samples. Participants received a follow-up telephone call at 24 months to determine relapse status. RESULTS Of the 152 TB patients enrolled, 135 were eligible for this analysis: 118 pulmonary (PTB) and 17 extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) patients. IFN-γ levels declined significantly over time among all patients (P = 0.002), with this decline driven by PTB patients (P = 0.001), largely during the initial 8 weeks of treatment (P = 0.019). IFN-γ levels did not change among EPTB patients over time or against baseline culture or drug resistance status. CONCLUSION After 6 months of effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, IFN-γ levels decreased significantly in PTB patients, largely over the initial 8 weeks of treatment. IFN-γ concentrations may offer some value for monitoring anti-tuberculosis treatment response among PTB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liang
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - R Shi
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - X Liu
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - X Yuan
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - S Zheng
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - G Zhang
- Henan Public Health Clinical Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - W Wang
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - J Wang
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Clinical Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, Maryland
| | - K England
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases
| | - L E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases
| | - Y Cai
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases
| | - L C Goldfeder
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases
| | - L E Dodd
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - C E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases
| | - R Y Chen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases
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45
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Lawrence AD, Nemoto-Smith E, Deery E, Baker JA, Schroeder S, Brown DG, Tullet JMA, Howard MJ, Brown IR, Smith AG, Boshoff HI, Barry CE, Warren MJ. Construction of Fluorescent Analogs to Follow the Uptake and Distribution of Cobalamin (Vitamin B 12) in Bacteria, Worms, and Plants. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:941-951.e6. [PMID: 29779954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is made by only certain prokaryotes yet is required by a number of eukaryotes such as mammals, fish, birds, worms, and Protista, including algae. There is still much to learn about how this nutrient is trafficked across the domains of life. Herein, we describe ways to make a number of different corrin analogs with fluorescent groups attached to the main tetrapyrrole-derived ring. A further range of analogs were also constructed by attaching similar fluorescent groups to the ribose ring of cobalamin, thereby generating a range of complete and incomplete corrinoids to follow uptake in bacteria, worms, and plants. By using these fluorescent derivatives we were able to demonstrate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to acquire both cobyric acid and cobalamin analogs, that Caenorhabditis elegans takes up only the complete corrinoid, and that seedlings of higher plants such as Lepidium sativum are also able to transport B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Lawrence
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Emi Nemoto-Smith
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Joseph A Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Susanne Schroeder
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - David G Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | | | - Mark J Howard
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Ian R Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Alison G Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
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46
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Abstract
The use of chemical techniques to study biological systems (often referred to currently as chemical biology) has become a powerful tool for both drug discovery and the development of novel diagnostic strategies. In tuberculosis, such tools have been applied to identifying drug targets from hit compounds, matching high-throughput screening hits against large numbers of isolated protein targets and identifying classes of enzymes with important functions. Metabolites unique to mycobacteria have provided important starting points for the development of innovative tools. For example, the unique biology of trehalose has provided both novel diagnostic strategies as well as probes of in vivo biological processes that are difficult to study any other way. Other mycobacterial metabolites are potentially valuable starting points and have the potential to illuminate new aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kolbe
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sri Kumar Veleti
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Emma E. Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Young-Woo Cho
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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47
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Kauffman KD, Sallin MA, Sakai S, Kamenyeva O, Kabat J, Weiner D, Sutphin M, Schimel D, Via L, Barry CE, Wilder-Kofie T, Moore I, Moore R, Barber DL. Defective positioning in granulomas but not lung-homing limits CD4 T-cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages in rhesus macaques. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:462-473. [PMID: 28745326 PMCID: PMC5785573 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires CD4 T cells to migrate into the lung and interact with infected macrophages. In mice, less-differentiated CXCR3+ CD4 T cells migrate into the lung and suppress growth of Mtb, whereas CX3CR1+ terminally differentiated Th1 cells accumulate in the blood vasculature and do not control pulmonary infection. Here we examine CD4 T-cell differentiation and lung homing during primary Mtb infection of rhesus macaques. Mtb-specific CD4 T cells simultaneously appeared in the airways and blood ∼21-28 days post exposure, indicating that recently primed effectors are quickly recruited into the lungs after entering circulation. Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in granulomas display a tissue-parenchymal CXCR3+CX3CR1-PD-1hiCTLA-4+ phenotype. However, most granuloma CD4 T cells are found within the outer lymphocyte cuff and few localize to the myeloid cell core containing the bacilli. Using the intravascular stain approach, we find essentially all Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in granulomas have extravasated across the vascular endothelium into the parenchyma. Therefore, it is unlikely to be that lung-homing defects introduced by terminal differentiation limit the migration of CD4 T cells into granulomas following primary Mtb infection of macaques. However, intralesional positioning defects within the granuloma may pose a major barrier to T-cell-mediated immunity during tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Kauffman
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Michelle A. Sallin
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Danielle Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Michelle Sutphin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Daniel Schimel
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Laura Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Temeri Wilder-Kofie
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Ian Moore
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Rashida Moore
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
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48
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Sarathy JP, Via LE, Weiner D, Blanc L, Boshoff H, Eugenin EA, Barry CE, Dartois VA. Extreme Drug Tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Caseum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e02266-17. [PMID: 29203492 PMCID: PMC5786764 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02266-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) recently became the leading infectious cause of death in adults, while attempts to shorten therapy have largely failed. Dormancy, persistence, and drug tolerance are among the factors driving the long therapy duration. Assays to measure in situ drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in pulmonary lesions are needed if we are to discover new fast-acting regimens and address the global TB threat. Here we take a first step toward this goal and describe an ex vivo assay developed to measure the cidal activity of anti-TB drugs against M. tuberculosis bacilli present in cavity caseum obtained from rabbits with active TB. We show that caseum M. tuberculosis bacilli are largely nonreplicating, maintain viability over the course of the assay, and exhibit extreme tolerance to many first- and second-line TB drugs. Among the drugs tested, only the rifamycins fully sterilized caseum. A similar trend of phenotypic drug resistance was observed in the hypoxia- and starvation-induced nonreplicating models, but with notable qualitative and quantitative differences: (i) caseum M. tuberculosis exhibits higher drug tolerance than nonreplicating M. tuberculosis in the Wayne and Loebel models, and (ii) pyrazinamide is cidal in caseum but has no detectable activity in these classic nonreplicating assays. Thus, ex vivo caseum constitutes a unique tool to evaluate drug potency against slowly replicating or nonreplicating bacilli in their native caseous environment. Intracaseum cidal concentrations can now be related to the concentrations achieved in the necrotic foci of granulomas and cavities to establish correlations between clinical outcome and lesion-centered pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansy P Sarathy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Danielle Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Landry Blanc
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Helena Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Véronique A Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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49
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Choi H, Chung H, Muntaner C, Lee M, Kim Y, Barry CE, Cho SN. The impact of social conditions on patient adherence to pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:948-54. [PMID: 27287649 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the main concerns in global health. One of the main threats to treatment success is patient non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment. OBJECTIVE To identify the relation between social conditions and treatment adherence in a prospective cohort setting in an intermediate TB burden country. DESIGN To identify associations between poor adherence and social conditions, including educational level, type of residence and occupation, we constructed hierarchical logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 551 participants were included in the study. Low educational levels, poor housing and occupations in the construction and manufacturing industries and service sectors were associated with poor adherence; this association was likely to be differentiated by previous history of anti-tuberculosis treatment. CONCLUSION Policy making should focus on improving the social conditions of patients by working towards better housing conditions and providing health promoting working conditions to enable treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Clinical Research Section, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Cheongju, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Chung
- BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Health Policy & Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Muntaner
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Lee
- Clinical Research Section, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Clinical Research Section, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - C E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S-N Cho
- Clinical Research Section, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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50
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Wilson CR, Gessner RK, Moosa A, Seldon R, Warner DF, Mizrahi V, Soares de Melo C, Simelane SB, Nchinda A, Abay E, Taylor D, Njoroge M, Brunschwig C, Lawrence N, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE, Sirgel FA, van Helden P, Harris CJ, Gordon R, Ghidelli-Disse S, Pflaumer H, Boesche M, Drewes G, Sanz O, Santos G, Rebollo-Lopez MJ, Urones B, Selenski C, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Axtman M, Lelièvre J, Ballell L, Mueller R, Street LJ, Ghorpade SR, Chibale K. Novel Antitubercular 6-Dialkylaminopyrimidine Carboxamides from Phenotypic Whole-Cell High Throughput Screening of a SoftFocus Library: Structure-Activity Relationship and Target Identification Studies. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10118-10134. [PMID: 29148755 PMCID: PMC5748279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A BioFocus
DPI SoftFocus library of ∼35 000 compounds was screened
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in order
to identify novel hits with antitubercular activity. The hits were
evaluated in biology triage assays to exclude compounds suggested to function via frequently encountered promiscuous mechanisms of action including inhibition of the QcrB subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex, disruption of cell–wall homeostasis, and DNA damage. Among the hits that passed this screening cascade, a 6-dialkylaminopyrimidine carboxamide series was prioritized for hit to lead optimization. Compounds from this series were active against clinical Mtb strains, while no cross-resistance to conventional antituberculosis drugs was observed. This suggested a novel mechanism of action, which was confirmed by chemoproteomic analysis leading to the identification of BCG_3193 and BCG_3827 as putative targets of the series with unknown function. Initial structure–activity relationship studies have resulted in compounds with moderate to potent antitubercular activity and improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Richard K Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Atica Moosa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Candice Soares de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sandile B Simelane
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Aloysius Nchinda
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Efrem Abay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Christel Brunschwig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Frederick A Sirgel
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, SA MRC Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Paul van Helden
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, SA MRC Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - C John Harris
- CJH Consultants , Ford Cottage, South Weirs, Brockenhurst, Hampshire SO42 7UQ, U.K
| | - Richard Gordon
- Strategic Health Innovation Partnerships (SHIP), South African Medical Research Council , Parow Valley, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sonja Ghidelli-Disse
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Hannah Pflaumer
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Markus Boesche
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Olalla Sanz
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Santos
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Rebollo-Lopez
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Urones
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Selenski
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matthew Axtman
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joël Lelièvre
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudolf Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Leslie J Street
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sandeep R Ghorpade
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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