1
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Boshoff HIM, Young K, Ahn YM, Yadav VD, Crowley BM, Yang L, Su J, Oh S, Arora K, Andrews J, Manikkam M, Sutphin M, Smith AJ, Weiner DM, Piazza MK, Fleegle JD, Gomez F, Dayao EK, Prideaux B, Zimmerman M, Kaya F, Sarathy J, Tan VY, Via LE, Tschirret-Guth R, Lenaerts AJ, Robertson GT, Dartois V, Olsen DB, Barry CE. Mtb-Selective 5-Aminomethyl Oxazolidinone Prodrugs: Robust Potency and Potential Liabilities. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1679-1695. [PMID: 38581700 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Linezolid is a drug with proven human antitubercular activity whose use is limited to highly drug-resistant patients because of its toxicity. This toxicity is related to its mechanism of action─linezolid inhibits protein synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotic mitochondria. A highly selective and potent series of oxazolidinones, bearing a 5-aminomethyl moiety (in place of the typical 5-acetamidomethyl moiety of linezolid), was identified. Linezolid-resistant mutants were cross-resistant to these molecules but not vice versa. Resistance to the 5-aminomethyl molecules mapped to an N-acetyl transferase (Rv0133) and these mutants remained fully linezolid susceptible. Purified Rv0133 was shown to catalyze the transformation of the 5-aminomethyl oxazolidinones to their corresponding N-acetylated metabolites, and this transformation was also observed in live cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mammalian mitochondria, which lack an appropriate N-acetyltransferase to activate these prodrugs, were not susceptible to inhibition with the 5-aminomethyl analogues. Several compounds that were more potent than linezolid were taken into C3HeB/FeJ mice and were shown to be highly efficacious, and one of these (9) was additionally taken into marmosets and found to be highly active. Penetration of these 5-aminomethyl oxazolidinone prodrugs into caseum was excellent. Unfortunately, these compounds were rapidly converted into the corresponding 5-alcohols by mammalian metabolism which retained antimycobacterial activity but resulted in substantial mitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Katherine Young
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yong-Mo Ahn
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Veena D Yadav
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Lihu Yang
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jenna Andrews
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michelle Manikkam
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michelle Sutphin
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Danielle M Weiner
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michaela K Piazza
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Joel D Fleegle
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Felipe Gomez
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Emmannual K Dayao
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Firat Kaya
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Jansy Sarathy
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Vee Yang Tan
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Insititute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Anne J Lenaerts
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Gregory T Robertson
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - David B Olsen
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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2
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Datta M, Via LE, Dartois V, Weiner DM, Zimmerman M, Kaya F, Walker AM, Fleegle JD, Raplee ID, McNinch C, Zarodniuk M, Kamoun WS, Yue C, Kumar AS, Subudhi S, Xu L, Barry CE, Jain RK. Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321336121. [PMID: 38530888 PMCID: PMC10998582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321336121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapies (HDTs) represent an emerging approach for bacterial clearance during tuberculosis (TB) infection. While most HDTs are designed and implemented for immuno-modulation, other host targets-such as nonimmune stromal components found in pulmonary granulomas-may prove equally viable. Building on our previous work characterizing and normalizing the aberrant granuloma-associated vasculature, here we demonstrate that FDA-approved therapies (bevacizumab and losartan, respectively) can be repurposed as HDTs to normalize blood vessels and extracellular matrix (ECM), improve drug delivery, and reduce bacterial loads in TB granulomas. Granulomas feature an overabundance of ECM and compressed blood vessels, both of which are effectively reduced by losartan treatment in the rabbit model of TB. Combining both HDTs promotes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and improves anti-TB drug delivery. Finally, alone and in combination with second-line antitubercular agents (moxifloxacin or bedaquiline), these HDTs significantly reduce bacterial burden. RNA sequencing analysis of HDT-treated lung and granuloma tissues implicates up-regulated antimicrobial peptide and proinflammatory gene expression by ciliated epithelial airway cells as a putative mechanism of the observed antitubercular benefits in the absence of chemotherapy. These findings demonstrate that bevacizumab and losartan are well-tolerated stroma-targeting HDTs, normalize the granuloma microenvironment, and improve TB outcomes, providing the rationale to clinically test this combination in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Datta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - Firat Kaya
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - April M. Walker
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Joel D. Fleegle
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Isaac D. Raplee
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Colton McNinch
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Maksym Zarodniuk
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Walid S. Kamoun
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Changli Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Ashwin S. Kumar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Sonu Subudhi
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Lei Xu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
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3
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Budak M, Via LE, Weiner DM, Barry CE, Nanda P, Michael G, Mdluli K, Kirschner D. A systematic efficacy analysis of tuberculosis treatment with BPaL-containing regimens using a multiscale modeling approach. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:673-685. [PMID: 38404200 PMCID: PMC11015080 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening infectious disease. The standard treatment is up to 90% effective; however, it requires the administration of four antibiotics (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol [HRZE]) over long time periods. This harsh treatment process causes adherence issues for patients because of the long treatment times and a myriad of adverse effects. Therefore, the World Health Organization has focused goals of shortening standard treatment regimens for TB in their End TB Strategy efforts, which aim to reduce TB-related deaths by 95% by 2035. For this purpose, many novel and promising combination antibiotics are being explored that have recently been discovered, such as the bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) regimen. As a result, testing the number of possible combinations with all possible novel regimens is beyond the limit of experimental resources. In this study, we present a unique framework that uses a primate granuloma modeling approach to screen many combination regimens that are currently under clinical and experimental exploration and assesses their efficacies to inform future studies. We tested well-studied regimens such as HRZE and BPaL to evaluate the validity and accuracy of our framework. We also simulated additional promising combination regimens that have not been sufficiently studied clinically or experimentally, and we provide a pipeline for regimen ranking based on their efficacies in granulomas. Furthermore, we showed a correlation between simulation rankings and new marmoset data rankings, providing evidence for the credibility of our framework. This framework can be adapted to any TB regimen and can rank any number of single or combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Budak
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural ResearchNIAIDBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural ResearchNIAIDBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)BethesdaMarylandUSA
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineObservatoryRepublic of South Africa
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownObservatoryRepublic of South Africa
| | - Pariksheet Nanda
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gabrielle Michael
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Khisimuzi Mdluli
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Denise Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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4
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Naseer Khan R, Ahn YM, Marriner GA, Via LE, D’Hooge F, Lee SS, Yang N, Basuli F, White AG, Tomko JA, Frye LJ, Scanga CA, Weiner DM, Sutphen ML, Schimel DM, Dayao E, Piazza MK, Gomez F, Dieckmann W, Herscovitch P, Mason NS, Swenson R, Kiesewetter DO, Backus KM, Geng Y, Raj R, Anthony DC, Flynn JL, Barry CE, Davis BG. Distributable, Metabolic PET Reporting of Tuberculosis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.03.535218. [PMID: 37333343 PMCID: PMC10274857 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a large global disease burden for which treatment regimens are protracted and monitoring of disease activity difficult. Existing detection methods rely almost exclusively on bacterial culture from sputum which limits sampling to organisms on the pulmonary surface. Advances in monitoring tuberculous lesions have utilized the common glucoside [18F]FDG, yet lack specificity to the causative pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and so do not directly correlate with pathogen viability. Here we show that a close mimic that is also positron-emitting of the non-mammalian Mtb disaccharide trehalose - 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxytrehalose ([18F]FDT) - can act as a mechanism-based enzyme reporter in vivo. Use of [18F]FDT in the imaging of Mtb in diverse models of disease, including non-human primates, successfully co-opts Mtb-specific processing of trehalose to allow the specific imaging of TB-associated lesions and to monitor the effects of treatment. A pyrogen-free, direct enzyme-catalyzed process for its radiochemical synthesis allows the ready production of [18F]FDT from the most globally-abundant organic 18F-containing molecule, [18F]FDG. The full, pre-clinical validation of both production method and [18F]FDT now creates a new, bacterium-specific, clinical diagnostic candidate. We anticipate that this distributable technology to generate clinical-grade [18F]FDT directly from the widely-available clinical reagent [18F]FDG, without need for either bespoke radioisotope generation or specialist chemical methods and/or facilities, could now usher in global, democratized access to a TB-specific PET tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Naseer Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Yong-Mo Ahn
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gwendolyn A. Marriner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francois D’Hooge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Seung Seo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Alexander G. White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jaime A. Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - L. James Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michelle L. Sutphen
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel M. Schimel
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Emmanuel Dayao
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Felipe Gomez
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William Dieckmann
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Peter Herscovitch
- Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | | | - Rolf Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Molecular Tracer and Imaging Core Facility, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Keriann M. Backus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Ritu Raj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
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5
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Koller TO, Scheid U, Kösel T, Herrmann J, Krug D, Boshoff HIM, Beckert B, Evans JC, Schlemmer J, Sloan B, Weiner DM, Via LE, Moosa A, Ioerger TR, Graf M, Zinshteyn B, Abdelshahid M, Nguyen F, Arenz S, Gille F, Siebke M, Seedorf T, Plettenburg O, Green R, Warnke AL, Ullrich J, Warrass R, Barry CE, Warner DF, Mizrahi V, Kirschning A, Wilson DN, Müller R. The Myxobacterial Antibiotic Myxovalargin: Biosynthesis, Structural Revision, Total Synthesis, and Molecular Characterization of Ribosomal Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:851-863. [PMID: 36603206 PMCID: PMC9853869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of bacterial pathogens against antibiotics is declared by WHO as a major global health threat. As novel antibacterial agents are urgently needed, we re-assessed the broad-spectrum myxobacterial antibiotic myxovalargin and found it to be extremely potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To ensure compound supply for further development, we studied myxovalargin biosynthesis in detail enabling production via fermentation of a native producer. Feeding experiments as well as functional genomics analysis suggested a structural revision, which was eventually corroborated by the development of a concise total synthesis. The ribosome was identified as the molecular target based on resistant mutant sequencing, and a cryo-EM structure revealed that myxovalargin binds within and completely occludes the exit tunnel, consistent with a mode of action to arrest translation during a late stage of translation initiation. These studies open avenues for structure-based scaffold improvement toward development as an antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm O. Koller
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scheid
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Teresa Kösel
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Krug
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,Department
of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bertrand Beckert
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna C. Evans
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Jan Schlemmer
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Becky Sloan
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Atica Moosa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Graf
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Zinshteyn
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Maha Abdelshahid
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Nguyen
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Arenz
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Gille
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maik Siebke
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Seedorf
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rachel Green
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anna-Luisa Warnke
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- MSD
Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Warrass
- MSD
Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Digby F. Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular
Medicine and Department of Pathology, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Leibniz
Universität Hannover, Institute of
Organic Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany,
| | - Daniel N. Wilson
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany,
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz
Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center
for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,Department
of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany,
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6
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Yang HJ, Wang D, Wen X, Weiner DM, Via LE. One Size Fits All? Not in In Vivo Modeling of Tuberculosis Chemotherapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:613149. [PMID: 33796474 PMCID: PMC8008060 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.613149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem despite almost universal efforts to provide patients with highly effective chemotherapy, in part, because many infected individuals are not diagnosed and treated, others do not complete treatment, and a small proportion harbor Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains that have become resistant to drugs in the standard regimen. Development and approval of new drugs for TB have accelerated in the last 10 years, but more drugs are needed due to both Mtb's development of resistance and the desire to shorten therapy to 4 months or less. The drug development process needs predictive animal models that recapitulate the complex pathology and bacterial burden distribution of human disease. The human host response to pulmonary infection with Mtb is granulomatous inflammation usually resulting in contained lesions and limited bacterial replication. In those who develop progressive or active disease, regions of necrosis and cavitation can develop leading to lasting lung damage and possible death. This review describes the major vertebrate animal models used in evaluating compound activity against Mtb and the disease presentation that develops. Each of the models, including the zebrafish, various mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and non-human primates provides data on number of Mtb bacteria and pathology resolution. The models where individual lesions can be dissected from the tissue or sampled can also provide data on lesion-specific bacterial loads and lesion-specific drug concentrations. With the inclusion of medical imaging, a compound's effect on resolution of pathology within individual lesions and animals can also be determined over time. Incorporation of measurement of drug exposure and drug distribution within animals and their tissues is important for choosing the best compounds to push toward the clinic and to the development of better regimens. We review the practical aspects of each model and the advantages and limitations of each in order to promote choosing a rational combination of them for a compound's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Yang
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Decheng Wang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Danielle M Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Tuberculosis Imaging Program, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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7
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Oh S, Park Y, Engelhart CA, Wallach JB, Schnappinger D, Arora K, Manikkam M, Gac B, Wang H, Murgolo N, Olsen DB, Goodwin M, Sutphin M, Weiner DM, Via LE, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE. Discovery and Structure-Activity-Relationship Study of N-Alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone Carboxamides as Novel Antitubercular Agents Targeting Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-Oxidase. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9952-9965. [PMID: 30350998 PMCID: PMC6257622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Magnesium plays an important role
in infection with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb) as a signal of the extracellular
environment, as a cofactor for many enzymes, and as a structural element
in important macromolecules. Raltegravir, an antiretroviral drug that
inhibits HIV-1 integrase is known to derive its potency from selective
sequestration of active-site magnesium ions in addition to binding
to a hydrophobic pocket. In order to determine if essential Mtb-related phosphoryl transfers could be disrupted in a
similar manner, a directed screen of known molecules with integrase
inhibitor-like pharmacophores (N-alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone
carboxamides) was performed. Initial hits afforded compounds with
low-micromolar potency against Mtb, acceptable cytotoxicity
and PK characteristics, and robust SAR. Elucidation of the target
of these compounds revealed that they lacked magnesium dependence
and instead disappointingly inhibited a known promiscuous target in Mtb, decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2′-oxidase
(DprE1, Rv3790).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Yumi Park
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Curtis A Engelhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10021 , United States
| | - Joshua B Wallach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10021 , United States
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10021 , United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Michelle Manikkam
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Brian Gac
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Discovery Research , Merck & Company, Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - Nicholas Murgolo
- Discovery Research , Merck & Company, Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - David B Olsen
- Discovery Research , Merck & Company, Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - Michael Goodwin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Michelle Sutphin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Danielle M Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7935 , South Africa
| | - Helena I M Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7935 , South Africa
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8
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Datta M, Via LE, Kamoun WS, Liu C, Chen W, Seano G, Weiner DM, Schimel D, England K, Martin JD, Gao X, Xu L, Barry CE, Jain RK. Abstract B19: Anti-VEGF treatment normalizes tuberculosis granuloma vasculature and improves small molecule delivery. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-8514.tumang15-b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) causes almost 2 million deaths annually, and an increasing number of patients are resistant to existing therapies. TB patients require lengthy chemotherapy, possibly because of poor penetration of antibiotics into granulomas where the bacilli reside. Granulomas are morphologically similar to solid cancerous tumors in that they contain hypoxic microenvironments and can be highly fibrotic. Here we show that TB-infected rabbits have impaired small molecule distribution into these disease sites due to a functionally abnormal vasculature, with a low molecular weight tracer accumulating only in peripheral regions of granulomatous lesions. Granuloma-associated vessels are morphologically and spatially heterogeneous, with poor vessel pericyte coverage in both human and experimental rabbit TB granulomas. Moreover, we found enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in both species. In tumors, anti-angiogenic, specifically anti-VEGF, treatments can “normalize” their vasculature, reducing hypoxia and creating a window-of-opportunity for conjunctive chemotherapy; thus, we investigated vessel normalization in rabbit TB granulomas. Treatment of TB-infected rabbits with the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab significantly decreased the total number of vessels while normalizing those that remained. As a result, hypoxic fractions of these granulomas were reduced and small molecule tracer delivery increased. These findings demonstrate that bevacizumab treatment promotes vascular normalization, improves small molecule delivery, and decreases hypoxia in TB granulomas, thereby providing a potential new avenue to improve delivery and efficacy of current treatment regimens.
Citation Format: Meenal Datta, Laura E. Via, Walid S. Kamoun, Chong Liu, Wei Chen, Giorgio Seano, Danielle M. Weiner, Daniel Schimel, Kathleen England, John D. Martin, Xing Gao, Lei Xu, Clifton E. Barry, III, Rakesh K. Jain. Anti-VEGF treatment normalizes tuberculosis granuloma vasculature and improves small molecule delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Angiogenesis and Vascular Normalization: Bench to Bedside to Biomarkers; Mar 5-8, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Datta
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Laura E. Via
- 2National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Walid S. Kamoun
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Chong Liu
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Wei Chen
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Giorgio Seano
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- 2National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel Schimel
- 2National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathleen England
- 2National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John D. Martin
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Xing Gao
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Lei Xu
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- 2National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
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9
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Prideaux B, Via LE, Zimmerman MD, Eum S, Sarathy J, O'Brien P, Chen C, Kaya F, Weiner DM, Chen PY, Song T, Lee M, Shim TS, Cho JS, Kim W, Cho SN, Olivier KN, Barry CE, Dartois V. The association between sterilizing activity and drug distribution into tuberculosis lesions. Nat Med 2015; 21:1223-7. [PMID: 26343800 PMCID: PMC4598290 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Finding new treatment-shortening antibiotics to improve cure rates and curb the alarming emergence of drug resistance is the major objective of tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Using a MALDI mass spectrometry imaging suite in a biosafety containment facility, we show that the key sterilizing drugs rifampicin and pyrazinamide efficiently penetrate the sites of TB infection in lung lesions. Rifampicin even accumulates in necrotic caseum, a critical lesion site where persisting tubercle bacilli reside1. In contrast, moxifloxacin which is active in vitro against persisters, a sub-population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that persists in specific niches under drug pressure, and achieved treatment shortening in mice2, does not diffuse well in caseum, concordant with its failure to shorten therapy in recent clinical trials. We also suggest that such differential spatial distribution and kinetics of accumulation in lesions may create temporal and spatial windows of monotherapy in specific niches, allowing the gradual development of multidrug resistant TB. We propose an alternative working model to prioritize new antibiotic regimens based on quantitative and spatial distribution of TB drugs in the major lesion types found in human lungs. The finding that lesion penetration contributes to treatment outcome has wide implications for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Prideaux
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew D Zimmerman
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Seokyong Eum
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jansy Sarathy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul O'Brien
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Firat Kaya
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Danielle M Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Taeksun Song
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsun Lee
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Su Cho
- Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooshik Kim
- National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Nae Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Pulmonary Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Via LE, Savic R, Weiner DM, Zimmerman MD, Prideaux B, Irwin SM, Lyon E, O’Brien P, Gopal P, Eum S, Lee M, Lanoix JP, Dutta NK, Shim T, Cho JS, Kim W, Karakousis PC, Lenaerts A, Nuermberger E, Barry CE, Dartois V. Host-Mediated Bioactivation of Pyrazinamide: Implications for Efficacy, Resistance, and Therapeutic Alternatives. ACS Infect Dis 2015; 1:203-214. [PMID: 26086040 DOI: 10.1021/id500028m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazinamide has played a critical role in shortening therapy against drug-sensitive, drug-resistant, active, and latent tuberculosis (TB). Despite widespread recognition of its therapeutic importance, the sterilizing properties of this 60-year-old drug remain an enigma given its rather poor activity in vitro. Here we revisit longstanding paradigms and offer pharmacokinetic explanations for the apparent disconnect between in vitro activity and clinical impact. We show substantial host-mediated conversion of prodrug pyrazinamide (PZA) to the active form, pyrazinoic acid (POA), in TB patients and in animal models. We demonstrate favorable penetration of this pool of circulating POA from plasma into lung tissue and granulomas, where the pathogen resides. In standardized growth inhibition experiments, we show that POA exhibits superior in vitro potency compared to PZA, indicating that the vascular supply of host-derived POA may contribute to the in vivo efficacy of PZA, thereby reducing the apparent discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo activity. However, the results also raise the possibility that subinhibitory concentrations of POA generated by the host could fuel the emergence of resistance to both PZA and POA. In contrast to widespread expectations, we demonstrate good oral bioavailability and exposure in preclinical species in pharmacokinetic studies of oral POA. Baseline exposure of oral POA can be further increased by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor and approved gout drug allopurinol. These promising results pave the way for clinical investigations of oral POA as a therapeutic alternative or an add-on to overcome PZA resistance and salvage this essential TB drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research
Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIH-NIAID, 33 North
Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Rada Savic
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of
Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, 1550
Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2911, United States
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research
Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIH-NIAID, 33 North
Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Matthew D. Zimmerman
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey
Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 225 Warren
Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey
Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 225 Warren
Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Scott M. Irwin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Ft.
Collins, Colorado 80523-4629, United States
| | - Eddie Lyon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Ft.
Collins, Colorado 80523-4629, United States
| | - Paul O’Brien
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey
Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 225 Warren
Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Pooja Gopal
- Department
of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University
Health System, National University of Singapore, MD4A #05-01, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597
| | - Seokyong Eum
- International Tuberculosis
Research Center, 475-1 Gapo-dong, Masan, Kyeungsangnam-do 631-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsun Lee
- International Tuberculosis
Research Center, 475-1 Gapo-dong, Masan, Kyeungsangnam-do 631-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Philippe Lanoix
- Department
of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans
Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Noton K. Dutta
- Department
of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans
Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - TaeSun Shim
- Asan Medical
Center, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Cho
- Pusan National University Hospital, 305 Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooshik Kim
- National Medical Center, 245 Euljiro, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Department
of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans
Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Anne Lenaerts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Ft.
Collins, Colorado 80523-4629, United States
| | - Eric Nuermberger
- Department
of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans
Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research
Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIH-NIAID, 33 North
Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey
Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 225 Warren
Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
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11
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Via LE, Weiner DM, Schimel D, Lin PL, Dayao E, Tankersley SL, Cai Y, Coleman MT, Tomko J, Paripati P, Orandle M, Kastenmayer RJ, Tartakovsky M, Rosenthal A, Portevin D, Eum SY, Lahouar S, Gagneux S, Young DB, Flynn JL, Barry CE. Differential virulence and disease progression following Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Infect Immun 2013; 81:2909-19. [PMID: 23716617 PMCID: PMC3719573 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00632-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing small-animal models of tuberculosis (TB) rarely develop cavitary disease, limiting their value for assessing the biology and dynamics of this highly important feature of human disease. To develop a smaller primate model with pathology similar to that seen in humans, we experimentally infected the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with diverse strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of various pathogenic potentials. These included recent isolates of the modern Beijing lineage, the Euro-American X lineage, and M. africanum. All three strains produced fulminant disease in this animal with a spectrum of progression rates and clinical sequelae that could be monitored in real time using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Lesion pathology at sacrifice revealed the entire spectrum of lesions observed in human TB patients. The three strains produced different rates of progression to disease, various extents of extrapulmonary dissemination, and various degrees of cavitation. The majority of live births in this species are twins, and comparison of results from siblings with different infecting strains allowed us to establish that the infection was highly reproducible and that the differential virulence of strains was not simply host variation. Quantitative assessment of disease burden by FDG-PET/CT provided an accurate reflection of the pathology findings at necropsy. These results suggest that the marmoset offers an attractive small-animal model of human disease that recapitulates both the complex pathology and spectrum of disease observed in humans infected with various M. tuberculosis strain clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Schimel
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmanuel Dayao
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah L. Tankersley
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Cai
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M. Teresa Coleman
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Tartakovsky
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Rosenthal
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Damien Portevin
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seok Yong Eum
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, South Korea
| | | | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Douglas B. Young
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Prideaux B, Dartois V, Staab D, Weiner DM, Goh A, Via LE, Barry CE, Stoeckli M. High-sensitivity MALDI-MRM-MS imaging of moxifloxacin distribution in tuberculosis-infected rabbit lungs and granulomatous lesions. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2112-8. [PMID: 21332183 DOI: 10.1021/ac1029049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-MSI is a powerful technology for localizing drug and metabolite distributions in biological tissues. To enhance our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) drug efficacy and how efficiently certain drugs reach their site of action, MALDI-MSI was applied to image the distribution of the second-line TB drug moxifloxacin at a range of time points after dosing. The ability to perform multiple monitoring of selected ion transitions in the same experiment enabled extremely sensitive imaging of moxifloxacin within tuberculosis-infected rabbit lung biopsies in less than 15 min per tissue section. Homogeneous application of a reference standard during the matrix spraying process enabled the ion-suppressing effects of the inhomogeneous lung tissue to be normalized. The drug was observed to accumulate in granulomatous lesions at levels higher than that in the surrounding lung tissue from 1.5 h postdose until the final time point. MALDI-MSI moxifloxacin distribution data were validated by quantitative LC/MS/MS analysis of lung and granuloma extracts from adjacent biopsies taken from the same animals. Drug distribution within the granulomas was observed to be inhomogeneous, and very low levels were observed in the caseum in comparison to the cellular granuloma regions. In this experiment the MALDI-MRM-MSI method was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for analyzing the distribution of anti-TB compounds and will be applied to distribution studies of additional drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Prideaux
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Bakker RA, Nicholas MW, Smith TT, Burstein ES, Hacksell U, Timmerman H, Leurs R, Brann MR, Weiner DM. In Vitro Pharmacology of Clinically Used Central Nervous System-Active Drugs as Inverse H1 Receptor Agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:172-9. [PMID: 17403993 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.118869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H(1) receptor (H(1)R) is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor and an important, well characterized target for the development of antagonists to treat allergic conditions. Many neuropsychiatric drugs are also known to potently antagonize this receptor, underlying aspects of their side effect profiles. We have used the cell-based receptor selection and amplification technology assay to further define the clinical pharmacology of the human H(1)R by evaluating >130 therapeutic and reference drugs for functional receptor activity. Based on this screen, we have reported on the identification of 8R-lisuride as a potent stereospecific partial H(1)R agonist (Mol Pharmacol 65:538-549, 2004). In contrast, herein we report on a large number of varied clinical and chemical classes of drugs that are active in the central nervous system that display potent H(1)R inverse agonist activity. Absolute and rank order of functional potency of these clinically relevant brain-penetrating drugs may possibly be used to predict aspects of their clinical profiles, including propensity for sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bakker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Burstein ES, Ma J, Wong S, Gao Y, Pham E, Knapp AE, Nash NR, Olsson R, Davis RE, Hacksell U, Weiner DM, Brann MR. Intrinsic efficacy of antipsychotics at human D2, D3, and D4 dopamine receptors: identification of the clozapine metabolite N-desmethylclozapine as a D2/D3 partial agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 315:1278-87. [PMID: 16135699 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that antagonize D2-like receptors are effective antipsychotics, but the debilitating movement disorder side effects associated with these drugs cannot be dissociated from dopamine receptor blockade. The "atypical" antipsychotics have a lower propensity to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), but the molecular basis for this is not fully understood nor is the impact of inverse agonism upon their clinical properties. Using a cell-based functional assay, we demonstrate that overexpression of Galphao induces constitutive activity in the human D2-like receptors (D2, D3, and D4). A large collection of typical and atypical antipsychotics was profiled for activity at these receptors. Virtually all were D2 and D3 inverse agonists, whereas none was D4 inverse agonist, although many were potent D4 antagonists. The inverse agonist activity of haloperidol at D2 and D3 receptors could be reversed by mesoridazine demonstrating that there were significant differences in the degrees of inverse agonism among the compounds tested. Aripiprazole and the principle active metabolite of clozapine NDMC [8-chloro-11-(1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo [b,e] [1,4] diazepine] were identified as partial agonists at D2 and D3 receptors, although clozapine itself was an inverse agonist at these receptors. NDMC-induced functional responses could be reversed by clozapine. It is proposed that the low incidence of EPS associated with clozapine and aripiprazole used may be due, in part, to these partial agonist properties of NDMC and aripiprazole and that bypassing clozapine blockade through direct administration of NDMC to patients may provide superior antipsychotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Burstein
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, 3911 Sorrento Valley Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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15
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Weiner DM, Meltzer HY, Veinbergs I, Donohue EM, Spalding TA, Smith TT, Mohell N, Harvey SC, Lameh J, Nash N, Vanover KE, Olsson R, Jayathilake K, Lee M, Levey AI, Hacksell U, Burstein ES, Davis RE, Brann MR. The role of M1 muscarinic receptor agonism of N-desmethylclozapine in the unique clinical effects of clozapine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 177:207-16. [PMID: 15258717 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-1940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clozapine is a unique antipsychotic, with efficacy against positive symptoms in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients, and the ability to improve cognition and treat the negative symptoms characteristic of this disease. Despite its unique clinical actions, no specific molecular mechanism responsible for these actions has yet been described. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To comprehensively profile a large library of neuropsychiatric drugs, including most antipsychotics, at human monoamine receptors using R-SAT, an in vitro functional assay. RESULTS Profiling revealed that N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), the principal metabolite of clozapine, but not clozapine itself, is a potent and efficacious muscarinic receptor agonist, a molecular property not shared by any other antipsychotic. To further explore the role of NDMC muscarinic receptor agonist properties in mediating the physiological actions of clozapine, systemically administered NDMC was found to stimulate the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) in mouse CA1 hippocampal neurons, an effect that was blocked by scopolamine, confirming central M1 muscarinic receptor agonist activity in vivo. Lastly, an analysis of clozapine and NDMC serum levels in schizophrenic patients indicated that high NDMC/clozapine ratios better predicted improvement in cognitive functioning and quality of life than the levels of either compound alone. CONCLUSIONS The muscarinic receptor agonist activities of NDMC are unique among antipsychotics, and provide a possible molecular basis for the superior clinical effects of clozapine pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, CA, USA.
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16
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Bakker RA, Weiner DM, ter Laak T, Beuming T, Zuiderveld OP, Edelbroek M, Hacksell U, Timmerman H, Brann MR, Leurs R. 8R-Lisuride Is a Potent Stereospecific Histamine H1-Receptor Partial Agonist. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:538-49. [PMID: 14978232 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H1 receptor (H1R) is an important, well characterized target for the development of antagonists to treat allergic conditions. Many neuropsychiatric drugs are known to potently antagonize the H1R, thereby producing some of their side effects. In contrast, the tolerability and potential therapeutic utility of H1R agonism is currently unclear. We have used a cell-based functional assay to evaluate known therapeutics and reference drugs for H1R agonist activity. Our initial functional screen identified three ergot-based compounds possessing heretofore-unknown H1R agonist activity. 8R-lisuride demonstrated potent agonist activity in various assays including receptor selection and amplification technology, inositol phosphate accumulation, and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB with pEC50 values of 8.1, 7.9, and 7.9, respectively, and with varying degrees of efficacy. Based on these assays, 8R-lisuride is the most potent stereospecific partial agonist for the human H1R yet reported. Investigation of the residues involved in histamine and lisuride binding, using H1R mutants and molecular modeling, have revealed that although these ligands are structurally different, the lisuride-binding pocket in the H1R closely corresponds to the histamine-binding pocket. The discovery of a potent stereospecific partial H1R agonist provides a valuable tool to further characterize this important therapeutic target in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bakker
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Lee A, Rana BK, Schiffer HH, Schork NJ, Brann MR, Insel PA, Weiner DM. Distribution analysis of nonsynonymous polymorphisms within the G-protein-coupled receptor gene family. Genomics 2003; 81:245-8. [PMID: 12659808 DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily is one of the largest classes of proteins in mammalian genomes. GPCRs mediate diverse physiological functions and are the targets of >50% of all clinical drugs. The sequencing of the human genome and large-scale polymorphism discovery efforts have established an abundant source of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), particularly those that result in a change in the encoded amino acids (cSNPs), many are of which in GPCRs. Although the majority of these cSNPs are assumed not to be disease-causing (nDCs), experimental data on their functional impact are lacking. Here, we have computationally analyzed the distribution of 454 cSNPs within the GPCR gene family and have found that disease-causing cSNPs (DCs) are overrepresented, whereas nDCs are underrepresented or neutral in transmembrane and extracellular loop domains, respectively. This finding reflects the relative importance of these domains to GPCR function and implies different biological characteristics for the two sets of human polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Lee
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, 3911 Sorrento Valley Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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18
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Wellendorph P, Goodman MW, Burstein ES, Nash NR, Brann MR, Weiner DM. Molecular cloning and pharmacology of functionally distinct isoforms of the human histamine H(3) receptor. Neuropharmacology 2002; 42:929-40. [PMID: 12069903 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacology of histamine H(3) receptors suggests the presence of distinct receptor isoforms or subtypes. We herein describe multiple, functionally distinct, alternatively spliced isoforms of the human H(3) receptor. Combinatorial splicing at three different sites creates at least six distinct receptor isoforms, of which isoforms 1, 2, and 4, encode functional proteins. Detailed pharmacology on isoforms 1 (unspliced receptor), and 2 (which has an 80 amino acid deletion within the third intracellular loop of the protein) revealed that both isoforms displayed robust responses to a series of known H(3) agonists, while all agonists tested displayed increased potency at isoform 2 relative to isoform 1. Histamine, N(alpha)-methylhistamine, and R(-) and S(+)-alpha-methylhistamine are 16-23-fold more potent, while immepip and imetit are three to fivefold more potent. Antagonist experiments revealed a rank order of potency at both isoforms of clobenpropit>iodophenpropit>thioperamide, and these drugs are fivefold less potent at isoform 2 than isoform 1. To further explore the pharmacology of H(3) receptor function, we screened 150 clinically relevant neuropsychiatric drugs for H(3) receptor activity, and identified a small number of antipsychotics that possess significant antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wellendorph
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Price RD, Weiner DM, Chang MS, Sanders-Bush E. RNA editing of the human serotonin 5-HT2C receptor alters receptor-mediated activation of G13 protein. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44663-8. [PMID: 11572865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106745200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent completion of the human genome predicted the presence of only 30,000 genes, stressing the importance of mechanisms that increase molecular diversity at the post-transcriptional level. One such post-transcriptional event is RNA editing, which generates multiple protein isoforms from a single gene, often with profound functional consequences. The human serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor undergoes RNA editing that creates multiple receptor isoforms. One consequence of RNA editing of cell surface receptors may be to alter the pattern of activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins and thereby shift preferred intracellular signaling pathways. We examined the ability of the nonedited 5-HT(2C) receptor isoform (INI) and two extensively edited isoforms, VSV and VGV, to interact with various G-protein alpha subunits. Two functional assays were utilized: the cell-based functional assay, Receptor Selection/Amplification Technology(TM), in which the pharmacological consequences of co-expression of 5HT(2C) receptor isoforms with G-protein alpha subunits in fibroblasts were studied, and 5HT(2C) receptor-mediated rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton in stable cell lines. These studies revealed that the nonedited 5-HT(2C) receptor functionally couples to G(q) and G(13). In contrast, coupling to G(13) was not detected for the extensively edited 5-HT(2C) receptors. Thus, RNA editing represents a novel mechanism for regulating the pattern of activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins, molecular switches that control an enormous variety of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Price
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, USA
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20
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Weiner DM, Burstein ES, Nash N, Croston GE, Currier EA, Vanover KE, Harvey SC, Donohue E, Hansen HC, Andersson CM, Spalding TA, Gibson DF, Krebs-Thomson K, Powell SB, Geyer MA, Hacksell U, Brann MR. 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonists as antipsychotics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 299:268-76. [PMID: 11561089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used a cell-based functional assay to define the pharmacological profiles of a wide range of central nervous system active compounds as agonists, competitive antagonists, and inverse agonists at almost all known monoaminergic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes. Detailed profiling of 40 antipsychotics confirmed that as expected, most of these agents are potent competitive antagonists of the dopamine D2 receptor. Surprisingly, this analysis also revealed that most are potent and fully efficacious 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A receptor inverse agonists. No other molecular property was shared as universally by this class of compounds. Furthermore, comparisons of receptor potencies revealed that antipsychotics with the highest extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) liability are significantly more potent at D2 receptors, the EPS-sparing atypical agents had relatively higher potencies at 5-HT2A receptors, while three were significantly more potent at 5-HT2A receptors. Functional high-throughput screening of a diverse chemical library identified 530 ligands with inverse agonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors, including several series of compounds related to known antipsychotics, as well as a number of novel chemistries. An analog of one of the novel chemical series, AC-90179, was pharmacologically profiled against the remaining monoaminergic GPCRs and found to be a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist. The behavioral pharmacology of AC-90179 is characteristic of an atypical antipsychotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Despite subjective and objective success rates approaching 90%, significant morbidity is well documented using a wire loop for standard transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). In an effort to minimize patient morbidity as well as limit future healthcare costs, several alternative instrumental techniques have been examined. Recent studies of transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate, a modification of existing transurethral technology, appear encouraging. The modifications which enable larger volumes of tissue to be vaporized with concurrent desiccation and coagulation are an increase in the surface area of the electrode and effective delivery of high electrical energy by electrical generators. The most extensively studied instrument is the VaporTrode. Promising early published reports of TURP-like efficacy without significant morbidity, as well as low cost, have fueled the popularity and wide application of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- Department of Urology, Babies and Children's Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Saidi
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of changing population demographics on urologic staffing over the coming decades. METHODS A model was constructed using data obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census for population projections; clinical studies to assess the percentages of men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and those undergoing prostatectomy; the American Medical Association regarding numbers and annual percent change of practicing urologists; and the American Urological Association regarding numbers of physicians completing residency training programs. Sensitivity analyses were performed varying both the rate of surgical intervention for symptomatic BPH and the annual increase in the number of practicing urologists. RESULTS Regardless of variations in the surgical rate to as low as 4%, the average number of transurethral resections of the prostate gland/surgical interventions for BPH per urologist will increase by the year 2020 when compared with the known basepoint value obtained for 1990. Additionally, even with an annual net increase of 200 urologists per year, by 2020, the rapidly expanding population over 65 years of age will nearly offset even such a large increase in the number of practicing urologists. CONCLUSIONS The greatest factor concerning future urologic staffing issues will be the changing population demographics. The need for urologic services will continue to rise. An oversupply of urologists can be avoided as long as the net increase does not exceed an average of 200 urologists annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10019, USA
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25
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Abstract
Epididymocutaneous fistula is a rare entity. A recent case in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Marfan's syndrome led to this review. The patient's immunocompromised status as well as his past medical history necessitated special considerations in the diagnosis and management of his epididymocutaneous fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- Department of Urology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
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26
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Weiner DM, Lowe FC. Surgical management of ischemic penile gangrene in diabetics with end stage atherosclerosis. J Urol 1996; 155:926-9. [PMID: 8583609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined whether early surgical intervention for ischemic penile gangrene in diabetics can be successful and limit morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was done of 7 diabetic patients with ischemic penile gangrene. RESULTS Three patients underwent early distal penectomy without complications. All 4 patients initially observed suffered liquefaction and progression from dry to wet gangrene, and 2 underwent surgery (subtotal penectomy in 1 and distal penectomy in 1 who required reoperations for wound complications). CONCLUSIONS With appropriate patient selection, surgical intervention can be successful and provide a better quality of life for those without terminal disease. Delaying intervention will usually require more extensive surgery and increase the risk of wound complications. However, observation is indicated for moribund hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- Department of Urology, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Abstract
Physiological and pharmacological criteria have divided dopamine receptors into D1 and D2 subtypes, and genes encoding these subtypes have recently been cloned. Based on the sequences of the cloned receptors, we prepared oligodeoxynucleotide probes to map the cellular expression of the corresponding mRNAs in rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. These mRNAs showed largely overlapping yet distinct patterns of expression. The highest levels of expression for both mRNAs were observed in the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Within the caudate-putamen, 47 +/- 6% and 46 +/- 5% of the medium-sized neurons (10-15 microns) expressed the D1 and D2 mRNAs, respectively, and only the D2 mRNA was observed in the larger neurons (greater than 20 microns). The D1 and D2 mRNAs were expressed in most cortical regions, with the highest levels in the prefrontal and entorhinal cortices. Within neocortex, D1 mRNA was observed primarily in layer 6 and D2 mRNA in layers 4-5. Within the amygdala, D1 mRNA was observed in the intercalated nuclei, and D2 mRNA in the central nucleus. Within the hypothalamus, D1 mRNA was observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and D2 mRNA in many of the dopaminergic cell groups. Within the septum, globus pallidus, superior and inferior colliculi, mammillary bodies, and substantia nigra only D2 mRNA was detected. These data provide insight into the neuroanatomical basis of the differential effects of drugs that act on D1 or D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892
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28
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Stormann TM, Gdula DC, Weiner DM, Brann MR. Molecular cloning and expression of a dopamine D2 receptor from human retina. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 37:1-6. [PMID: 2137193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the sequence of a dopamine D2 receptor cloned from rat brain, we prepared a series of oligodeoxynucleotide probes. A mixture of these probes hybridized with a 2.6-kilobase species of mRNA extracted from several rat tissues including retina and, using in situ hybridization of these probes to cryostat sections of rat retina, they densely label the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers. Labeling was also observed in the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers. No hybridization was observed to the photoreceptor layers. A similar pattern of labeling was observed in monkey retina, indicating that the probes also hybridize with a homologous primate mRNA. The probes were used to screen a lambda gt10 library of human retina. A 2.5-kilobase clone was isolated, which encodes a protein that differs from the rat brain protein by 18 amino acids. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the human retinal cDNA were also strongly homologous with the rat brain cDNA. The clone was subcloned into the pCD-PS expression vector and transfected into COS-7 cells. The transfected cells bound [3H]-raclopride with a pharmacology expected of dopamine D2 receptors. These data indicate that D2 receptors expressed in the inner retina and outer plexiform layer have genetic identity with those expressed by brain and that the human and rat D2 receptors are derived from highly related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Stormann
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20982
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29
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Abstract
Based on the recently reported sequence of a dopamine D2 receptor cloned from rat brain, we prepared a series of cDNA probes to determine the distribution of mRNA encoding this receptor. Within the forebrain, D2 receptor mRNA is abundant in the caudate-putamen, accumbens nucleus and olfactory tubercle. Moderate to low levels of mRNA are observed in the medial habenular nucleus, diagonal band, lateral septal nucleus, claustrum, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, and entorhinal cortex. In the mesencephalon, D2 receptor mRNA is abundant within the substantia nigra, pars compacta, and the ventral tegmental area. Comparison of the distribution of the mRNA and ligand binding indicates that both presynaptic and postsynaptic D2 receptors of the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways are derived from the same mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Weiner
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Salamone JA, Strohl KP, Weiner DM, Mitra J, Cherniack NS. Cranial and phrenic nerve responses to changes in systemic blood pressure. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1983; 55:61-8. [PMID: 6411665 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1983.55.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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