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Li SY, Tyagi S, Soni H, Betoudji F, Converse PJ, Mdluli K, Upton AM, Fotouhi N, Barros-Aguirre D, Ballell L, Jimenez-Navarro E, Nuermberger EL. Bactericidal and sterilizing activity of novel regimens combining bedaquiline or TBAJ-587 with GSK2556286 and TBA-7371 in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0156223. [PMID: 38376228 PMCID: PMC10989019 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01562-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) has become a preferred regimen for treating multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). However, treatment-limiting toxicities of linezolid and reports of emerging bedaquiline and pretomanid resistance necessitate efforts to develop new short-course oral regimens. We recently found that the addition of GSK2556286 increases the bactericidal and sterilizing activity of BPa-containing regimens in a well-established BALB/c mouse model of tuberculosis. Here, we used this model to evaluate the potential of new regimens combining bedaquiline or the more potent diarylquinoline TBAJ-587 with GSK2556286 and the DprE1 inhibitor TBA-7371, all of which are currently in early-phase clinical trials. We found the combination of bedaquiline, GSK2556286, and TBA-7371 to be more active than the first-line regimen and nearly as effective as BPaL in terms of bactericidal and sterilizing activity. In addition, we found that GSK2556286 and TBA-7371 were as effective as pretomanid and the novel oxazolidinone TBI-223 when either drug pair was combined with TBAJ-587 and that the addition of GSK2556286 increased the bactericidal activity of the TBAJ-587, pretomanid, and TBI-223 combination. We conclude that GSK2556286 and TBA-7371 have the potential to replace pretomanid, an oxazolidinone, or both components, in combination with bedaquiline or TBAJ-587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Li
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandeep Tyagi
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heena Soni
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabrice Betoudji
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul J. Converse
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Khisimuzi Mdluli
- TB Alliance: Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna M. Upton
- TB Alliance: Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- TB Alliance: Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Barros-Aguirre
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Limited, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Ballell
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Limited, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jimenez-Navarro
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Limited, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric L. Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Singh A, Ottavi S, Krieger I, Planck K, Perkowski A, Kaneko T, Davis AM, Suh C, Zhang D, Goullieux L, Alex A, Roubert C, Gardner M, Preston M, Smith DM, Ling Y, Roberts J, Cautain B, Upton A, Cooper CB, Serbina N, Tanvir Z, Mosior J, Ouerfelli O, Yang G, Gold BS, Rhee KY, Sacchettini JC, Fotouhi N, Aubé J, Nathan C. Redirecting raltitrexed from cancer cell thymidylate synthase to Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphopantetheinyl transferase. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj6406. [PMID: 38489355 PMCID: PMC10942122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a compelling need to find drugs active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). 4'-Phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PptT) is an essential enzyme in Mtb that has attracted interest as a potential drug target. We optimized a PptT assay, used it to screen 422,740 compounds, and identified raltitrexed, an antineoplastic antimetabolite, as the most potent PptT inhibitor yet reported. While trying unsuccessfully to improve raltitrexed's ability to kill Mtb and remove its ability to kill human cells, we learned three lessons that may help others developing antibiotics. First, binding of raltitrexed substantially changed the configuration of the PptT active site, complicating molecular modeling of analogs based on the unliganded crystal structure or the structure of cocrystals with inhibitors of another class. Second, minor changes in the raltitrexed molecule changed its target in Mtb from PptT to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Third, the structure-activity relationship for over 800 raltitrexed analogs only became interpretable when we quantified and characterized the compounds' intrabacterial accumulation and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Samantha Ottavi
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Inna Krieger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyle Planck
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrew Perkowski
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Takushi Kaneko
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | | | - Christine Suh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | | - Alexander Alex
- AMG Consultants Limited, Camburgh House, 27 New Dover Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 3DN, UK
- Evenor Consulting Limited, The New Barn, Mill Lane, Eastry, Kent CT13 0JW, UK
| | | | - Mark Gardner
- AMG Consultants Limited, Camburgh House, 27 New Dover Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 3DN, UK
| | - Marian Preston
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Dave M. Smith
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Bastien Cautain
- Evotec ID (Lyon), SAS 40 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69001, France
| | - Anna Upton
- Evotec ID (Lyon), SAS 40 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69001, France
| | | | - Natalya Serbina
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | - Zaid Tanvir
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | - John Mosior
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guangli Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ben S. Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Kyu Y. Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - James C. Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
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3
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Ruelas Castillo J, Neupane P, Karanika S, Krug S, Quijada D, Garcia A, Ayeh S, Yilma A, Costa DL, Sher A, Fotouhi N, Serbina N, Karakousis PC. The heme oxygenase-1 metalloporphyrin inhibitor stannsoporfin enhances the bactericidal activity of a novel regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a murine model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0104323. [PMID: 38132181 PMCID: PMC10848751 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01043-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses significant challenges to global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) offer a novel approach to TB treatment by enhancing immune-mediated clearance of Mtb. Prior preclinical studies found that the inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in heme metabolism, with tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) significantly reduced mouse lung bacillary burden when co-administered with the first-line antitubercular regimen. Here, we evaluated the adjunctive HDT activity of a novel HO-1 inhibitor, stannsoporfin (SnMP), in combination with a novel MDR-TB regimen comprising a next-generation diarylquinoline, TBAJ-876 (S), pretomanid (Pa), and a new oxazolidinone, TBI-223 (O) (collectively, SPaO), in Mtb-infected BALB/c mice. After 4 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 5mg/kg reduced mean lung bacillary burden by an additional 0.69 log10 (P = 0.01) relative to SPaO alone. As early as 2 weeks post-treatment initiation, SnMP adjunctive therapy differentially altered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and CD38, a marker of M1 macrophages. Next, we evaluated the sterilizing potential of SnMP adjunctive therapy in a mouse model of microbiological relapse. After 6 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 10mg/kg reduced lung bacterial burdens to 0.71 ± 0.23 log10 colony-forming units (CFUs), a 0.78 log-fold greater decrease in lung CFU compared to SpaO alone (P = 0.005). However, adjunctive SnMP did not reduce microbiological relapse rates after 5 or 6 weeks of treatment. SnMP was well tolerated and did not significantly alter gross or histological lung pathology. SnMP is a promising HDT candidate requiring further study in combination with regimens for drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ruelas Castillo
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pranita Neupane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Styliani Karanika
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie Krug
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darla Quijada
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel Ayeh
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Addis Yilma
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Almeida D, Li SY, Lee J, Hafkin B, Mdluli K, Fotouhi N, Nuermberger EL. Contezolid can replace linezolid in a novel combination with bedaquiline and pretomanid in a murine model of tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0078923. [PMID: 37966090 PMCID: PMC10720489 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00789-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Contezolid is a new oxazolidinone with in vitro and in vivo activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis comparable to that of linezolid. Pre-clinical and clinical safety studies suggest it may be less toxic than linezolid, making contezolid a potential candidate to replace linezolid in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. We evaluated the dose-ranging activity of contezolid, alone and in combination with bedaquiline and pretomanid, and compared it with linezolid at similar doses, in an established BALB/c mouse model of tuberculosis. Contezolid had an MIC of 1 µg/mL, similar to linezolid, and exhibited similar bactericidal activity in mice. Contezolid-resistant mutants selected in vitro had 32- to 64-fold increases in contezolid MIC and harbored mutations in the mce3R gene. These mutants did not display cross-resistance to linezolid. Our results indicate that contezolid has the potential to replace linezolid in regimens containing bedaquiline and pretomanid and likely other regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Si-Yang Li
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry Hafkin
- MicuRx Pharmaceuticals, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Khisimuzi Mdluli
- Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, USA
| | - Eric L. Nuermberger
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Castillo JR, Neupane P, Karanika S, Krug S, Quijada D, Garcia A, Ayeh S, Yilma A, Costa DL, Sher A, Fotouhi N, Serbina N, Karakousis PC. The heme oxygenase-1 metalloporphyrin inhibitor stannsoporfin enhances the bactericidal activity of a novel regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a murine model. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.09.552716. [PMID: 37609351 PMCID: PMC10441415 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses significant challenges to global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Host-directed therapies (HDT) offer a novel approach for TB treatment by enhancing immune-mediated clearance of Mtb. Prior preclinical studies found that inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in heme metabolism, with tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) significantly reduced mouse lung bacillary burden when co-administered with the first-line antitubercular regimen. Here we evaluated the adjunctive HDT activity of a novel HO-1 inhibitor, stannsoporfin (SnMP), in combination with a novel MDR-TB regimen comprising a next-generation diarylquinoline, TBAJ-876 (S), pretomanid (Pa), and a new oxazolidinone, TBI-223 (O) (collectively, SPaO) in Mtb-infected BALB/c mice. After 4 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 5 mg/kg reduced mean lung bacillary burden by an additional 0.69 log10 (P=0.01) relative to SPaO alone. As early as 2 weeks post-treatment initiation, SnMP adjunctive therapy differentially altered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, and CD38, a marker of M1 macrophages. Next, we evaluated the sterilizing potential of SnMP adjunctive therapy in a mouse model of microbiological relapse. After 6 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 10 mg/kg reduced lung bacterial burdens to 0.71 ± 0.23 log10 CFU, a 0.78 log-fold greater decrease in lung CFU compared to SpaO alone (P=0.005). However, adjunctive SnMP did not reduce microbiological relapse rates after 5 or 6 weeks of treatment. SnMP was well tolerated and did not significantly alter gross or histological lung pathology. SnMP is a promising HDT candidate requiring further study in combination with regimens for drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ruelas Castillo
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pranita Neupane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Styliani Karanika
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie Krug
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darla Quijada
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Ayeh
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Addis Yilma
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Sarathy JP, Xie M, Jones RM, Chang A, Osiecki P, Weiner D, Tsao WS, Dougher M, Blanc L, Fotouhi N, Via LE, Barry CE, De Vlaminck I, Sherman DR, Dartois VA. A Novel Tool to Identify Bactericidal Compounds against Vulnerable Targets in Drug-Tolerant M. tuberculosis found in Caseum. mBio 2023; 14:e0059823. [PMID: 37017524 PMCID: PMC10127596 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00598-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caseous necrosis is a hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) pathology and creates a niche for drug-tolerant persisters within the host. Cavitary TB and high bacterial burden in caseum require longer treatment duration. An in vitro model that recapitulates the major features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in caseum would accelerate the identification of compounds with treatment-shortening potential. We have developed a caseum surrogate model consisting of lysed and denatured foamy macrophages. Upon inoculation of Mtb from replicating cultures, the pathogen adapts to the lipid-rich matrix and gradually adopts a nonreplicating state. We determined that the lipid composition of ex vivo caseum and the surrogate matrix are similar. We also observed that Mtb in caseum surrogate accumulates intracellular lipophilic inclusions (ILI), a distinctive characteristic of quiescent and drug-tolerant Mtb. Expression profiling of a representative gene subset revealed common signatures between the models. Comparison of Mtb drug susceptibility in caseum and caseum surrogate revealed that both populations are similarly tolerant to a panel of TB drugs. By screening drug candidates in the surrogate model, we determined that the bedaquiline analogs TBAJ876 and TBAJ587, currently in clinical development, exhibit superior bactericidal against caseum-resident Mtb, both alone and as substitutions for bedaquiline in the bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid regimen approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB. In summary, we have developed a physiologically relevant nonreplicating persistence model that reflects the distinct metabolic and drug-tolerant state of Mtb in caseum. IMPORTANCE M. tuberculosis (Mtb) within the caseous core of necrotic granulomas and cavities is extremely drug tolerant and presents a significant hurdle to treatment success and relapse prevention. Many in vitro models of nonreplicating persistence have been developed to characterize the physiologic and metabolic adaptations of Mtb and identify compounds active against this treatment-recalcitrant population. However, there is little consensus on their relevance to in vivo infection. Using lipid-laden macrophage lysates, we have designed and validated a surrogate matrix that closely mimics caseum and in which Mtb develops a phenotype similar to that of nonreplicating bacilli in vivo. The assay is well suited to screen for bactericidal compounds against caseum-resident Mtb in a medium-throughput format, allowing for reduced reliance on resource intensive animal models that present large necrotic lesions and cavities. Importantly, this approach will aid the identification of vulnerable targets in caseum Mtb and can accelerate the development of novel TB drugs with treatment-shortening potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansy P Sarathy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard M Jones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adrienne Chang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Paulina Osiecki
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Danielle Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen-Shan Tsao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maureen Dougher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Landry Blanc
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David R Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Véronique A Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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7
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Zhang J, Lair C, Roubert C, Amaning K, Barrio MB, Benedetti Y, Cui Z, Xing Z, Li X, Franzblau SG, Baurin N, Bordon-Pallier F, Cantalloube C, Sans S, Silve S, Blanc I, Fraisse L, Rak A, Jenner LB, Yusupova G, Yusupov M, Zhang J, Kaneko T, Yang TJ, Fotouhi N, Nuermberger E, Tyagi S, Betoudji F, Upton A, Sacchettini JC, Lagrange S. Discovery of natural-product-derived sequanamycins as potent oral anti-tuberculosis agents. Cell 2023; 186:1013-1025.e24. [PMID: 36827973 PMCID: PMC9994261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis has created an urgent need for new anti-tubercular agents. Here, we report the discovery of a series of macrolides called sequanamycins with outstanding in vitro and in vivo activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Sequanamycins are bacterial ribosome inhibitors that interact with the ribosome in a similar manner to classic macrolides like erythromycin and clarithromycin, but with binding characteristics that allow them to overcome the inherent macrolide resistance of Mtb. Structures of the ribosome with bound inhibitors were used to optimize sequanamycin to produce the advanced lead compound SEQ-9. SEQ-9 was efficacious in mouse models of acute and chronic TB as a single agent, and it demonstrated bactericidal activity in a murine TB infection model in combination with other TB drugs. These results support further investigation of this series as TB clinical candidates, with the potential for use in new regimens against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Zhang
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, CRVA, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Christine Lair
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Sanofi R&D, Infectious Diseases TSU, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roubert
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Sanofi R&D, Infectious Diseases TSU, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Kwame Amaning
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, CRVA, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Yannick Benedetti
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, CRVA, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zhongliang Xing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nicolas Baurin
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, CRVA, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | | | - Stephanie Sans
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Sanofi R&D, Infectious Diseases TSU, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra Silve
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Sanofi R&D, Infectious Diseases TSU, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Blanc
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Sanofi R&D, Infectious Diseases TSU, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Sanofi R&D, Infectious Diseases TSU, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexey Rak
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, CRVA, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | | | | | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Takushi Kaneko
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - T J Yang
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandeep Tyagi
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabrice Betoudji
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Upton
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Sophie Lagrange
- Evotec ID (LYON) SAS, Lyon, France; Sanofi R&D, Infectious Diseases TSU, 31036 Toulouse, France
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8
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Jeffreys LN, Ardrey A, Hafiz TA, Dyer LA, Warman AJ, Mosallam N, Nixon GL, Fisher NE, Hong WD, Leung SC, Aljayyoussi G, Bibby J, Almeida DV, Converse PJ, Fotouhi N, Berry NG, Nuermberger EL, Upton AM, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Identification of 2-Aryl-Quinolone Inhibitors of Cytochrome bd and Chemical Validation of Combination Strategies for Respiratory Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:221-238. [PMID: 36606559 PMCID: PMC9926492 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd quinol oxidase (cyt bd), the alternative terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain, has been identified as playing a key role during chronic infection and presents a putative target for the development of novel antitubercular agents. Here, we report confirmation of successful heterologous expression of M. tuberculosis cytochrome bd. The heterologous M. tuberculosis cytochrome bd expression system was used to identify a chemical series of inhibitors based on the 2-aryl-quinolone pharmacophore. Cytochrome bd inhibitors displayed modest efficacy in M. tuberculosis growth suppression assays together with a bacteriostatic phenotype in time-kill curve assays. Significantly, however, inhibitor combinations containing our front-runner cyt bd inhibitor CK-2-63 with either cyt bcc-aa3 inhibitors (e.g., Q203) and/or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitors (e.g., bedaquiline) displayed enhanced efficacy with respect to the reduction of mycobacterium oxygen consumption, growth suppression, and in vitro sterilization kinetics. In vivo combinations of Q203 and CK-2-63 resulted in a modest lowering of lung burden compared to treatment with Q203 alone. The reduced efficacy in the in vivo experiments compared to in vitro experiments was shown to be a result of high plasma protein binding and a low unbound drug exposure at the target site. While further development is required to improve the tractability of cyt bd inhibitors for clinical evaluation, these data support the approach of using small-molecule inhibitors to target multiple components of the branched respiratory chain of M. tuberculosis as a combination strategy to improve therapeutic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices related to efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Jeffreys
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Alison Ardrey
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Taghreed A Hafiz
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Lauri-Anne Dyer
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Ashley J Warman
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Nada Mosallam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Nicholas E Fisher
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - W David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Suet C Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Ghaith Aljayyoussi
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Jaclyn Bibby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Deepak V Almeida
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland21205, United States
| | - Paul J Converse
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland21205, United States
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York10005, United States
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Eric L Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland21205, United States
| | - Anna M Upton
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York10005, United States.,Evotec (US) Inc., 303B College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey08540, United States
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
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9
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Aldridge BB, Barros-Aguirre D, Barry CE, Bates RH, Berthel SJ, Boshoff HI, Chibale K, Chu XJ, Cooper CB, Dartois V, Duncan K, Fotouhi N, Gusovsky F, Hipskind PA, Kempf DJ, Lelièvre J, Lenaerts AJ, McNamara CW, Mizrahi V, Nathan C, Olsen DB, Parish T, Petrassi HM, Pym A, Rhee KY, Robertson GT, Rock JM, Rubin EJ, Russell B, Russell DG, Sacchettini JC, Schnappinger D, Schrimpf M, Upton AM, Warner P, Wyatt PG, Yuan Y. The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator at year 10: what have we learned? Nat Med 2021; 27:1333-1337. [PMID: 34226736 PMCID: PMC10478072 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator, an experiment designed to facilitate collaboration in TB drug discovery by breaking down barriers among competing labs and institutions, has reached the 10-year landmark. We review the consortium’s achievements, advantages and limitations and advocate for application of similar models to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Jie Chu
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Véronique Dartois
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Ken Duncan
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Case W McNamara
- Calibr, a division of the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tanya Parish
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eric J Rubin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Betsy Russell
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Warner
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ying Yuan
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Beijing, China
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10
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Xu J, Converse PJ, Upton AM, Mdluli K, Fotouhi N, Nuermberger EL. Comparative Efficacy of the Novel Diarylquinoline TBAJ-587 and Bedaquiline against a Resistant Rv0678 Mutant in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e02418-20. [PMID: 33526488 PMCID: PMC8097419 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02418-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its conditional approval in 2012, bedaquiline (BDQ) has been a valuable tool for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. More recently, a novel short-course regimen combining BDQ with pretomanid and linezolid won approval to treat highly drug-resistant tuberculosis. Clinical reports of emerging BDQ resistance have identified mutations in Rv0678 that derepress the expression of the MmpL5/MmpS5 efflux transporter as the most common cause. Because the effect of these mutations on bacterial susceptibility to BDQ is relatively small (e.g., 2 to 8× MIC shift), increasing the BDQ dose would increase antibacterial activity but also pose potential safety concerns, including QTc prolongation. Substitution of BDQ with another diarylquinoline with superior potency and/or safety has the potential to overcome these limitations. TBAJ-587 has greater in vitro potency than BDQ, including against Rv0678 mutants, and may offer a larger safety margin. Using a mouse model of tuberculosis and different doses of BDQ and TBAJ-587, we found that against wild-type M. tuberculosis H37Rv and an isogenic Rv0678 mutant, TBAJ-587 has greater efficacy against both strains than BDQ, whether alone or in combination with pretomanid and either linezolid or moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide. TBAJ-587 also reduced the emergence of resistance to diarylquinolines and pretomanid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul J Converse
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna M Upton
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Khisimuzi Mdluli
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric L Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Banga J, Srinivasan D, Sun CC, Thompson CD, Milletti F, Huang KS, Hamilton S, Song S, Hoffman AF, Qin YG, Matta B, LaPan M, Guo Q, Lu G, Li D, Qian H, Bolin DR, Liang L, Wartchow C, Qiu J, Downing M, Narula S, Fotouhi N, DeMartino JA, Tan SL, Chen G, Barnes BJ. Inhibition of IRF5 cellular activity with cell-penetrating peptides that target homodimerization. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay1057. [PMID: 32440537 PMCID: PMC7228753 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) plays essential roles in pathogen-induced immunity downstream of Toll-, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and is an autoimmune susceptibility gene. Normally, inactive in the cytoplasm, upon stimulation, IRF5 undergoes posttranslational modification(s), homodimerization, and nuclear translocation, where dimers mediate proinflammatory gene transcription. Here, we report the rational design of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) that disrupt IRF5 homodimerization. Biochemical and imaging analysis shows that IRF5-CPPs are cell permeable, noncytotoxic, and directly bind to endogenous IRF5. IRF5-CPPs were selective and afforded cell type- and species-specific inhibition. In plasmacytoid dendritic cells, inhibition of IRF5-mediated interferon-α production corresponded to a dose-dependent reduction in nuclear phosphorylated IRF5 [p(Ser462)IRF5], with no effect on pIRF5 levels. These data support that IRF5-CPPs function downstream of phosphorylation. Together, data support the utility of IRF5-CPPs as novel tools to probe IRF5 activation and function in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Banga
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | - Chia-Chi Sun
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Cherrie D. Thompson
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Francesca Milletti
- Roche Innovation Center New York, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kuo-Sen Huang
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Shannon Hamilton
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Su Song
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Ann F. Hoffman
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Yajuan Gu Qin
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Bharati Matta
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Margaret LaPan
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qin Guo
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Dan Li
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Hong Qian
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - David R. Bolin
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Lena Liang
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Charles Wartchow
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Jin Qiu
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Michelle Downing
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Satwant Narula
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Julie A. DeMartino
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Seng-Lai Tan
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
- Corresponding author. (B.J.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Corresponding author. (B.J.B.); (G.C.)
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12
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Xu J, Li SY, Almeida DV, Tasneen R, Barnes-Boyle K, Converse PJ, Upton AM, Mdluli K, Fotouhi N, Nuermberger EL. Contribution of Pretomanid to Novel Regimens Containing Bedaquiline with either Linezolid or Moxifloxacin and Pyrazinamide in Murine Models of Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00021-19. [PMID: 30833432 PMCID: PMC6496099 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00021-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel regimens combining bedaquiline and pretomanid with either linezolid (BPaL regimen) or moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide (BPaMZ regimen) shorten the treatment duration needed to cure tuberculosis (TB) in BALB/c mice compared to that of the first-line regimen and have yielded promising results in initial clinical trials. However, the independent contribution of the investigational new drug pretomanid to the efficacy of BPaMZ has not been examined, and its contribution to BPaL has been examined only over the first 2 months of treatment. In the present study, the addition of pretomanid to BL increased bactericidal activity, prevented emergence of bedaquiline resistance, and shortened the duration needed to prevent relapse with drug-susceptible isolates by at least 2 months in BALB/c mice. Addition of pretomanid to bedaquiline, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide (BMZ) resulted in a 1-log10 greater CFU reduction after 1 month of treatment and/or reduced the number of mice relapsing in each of 2 experiments in BALB/c mice and in immunocompromised nude mice. Bedaquiline-resistant isolates were found at relapse in only one BMZ-treated nude mouse. Treatment of infection with a pyrazinamide-resistant mutant in BALB/c mice with BPaMZ prevented selection of bedaquiline-resistant mutants and reduced the proportion of mice relapsing compared to that for BMZ treatment alone. Among severely ill C3HeB/FeJ mice with caseous pneumonia and cavitation, BPaMZ increased median survival (≥60 versus 21 days) and reduced median lung CFU by 2.4 log10 at 1 month compared to the level for BMZ. In conclusion, in 3 different mouse models, pretomanid contributed significantly to the efficacy of the BPaMZ and BPaL regimens, including restricting the selection of bedaquiline-resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, and Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yang Li
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deepak V Almeida
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rokeya Tasneen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kala Barnes-Boyle
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul J Converse
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna M Upton
- Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Khisimuzi Mdluli
- Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric L Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Gillespie P, Pietranico-Cole S, Myers M, Bilotta JA, Conde-Knape K, Fotouhi N, Goodnow RA, Guertin KR, Hamilton MM, Haynes NE, Liu B, Qi L, Ren Y, Scott NR, So SS, Spence C, Taub R, Thakkar K, Tilley JW, Zwingelstein C. Discovery of camphor-derived pyrazolones as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2707-11. [PMID: 24815509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Starting from screening hit, (4S,7R)-1,7,8,8-tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-4,7-methano-indazol-3-one (7), we optimized the potency and pharmacokinetic properties. This led to the identification of compounds with good in vivo activity in a mouse pharmacodynamic model of inhibition of 11βHSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gillespie
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States.
| | - Sherrie Pietranico-Cole
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Michael Myers
- Metabolic and Vascular Diseases, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Joseph A Bilotta
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Karin Conde-Knape
- Metabolic and Vascular Diseases, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Robert A Goodnow
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Kevin R Guertin
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Matthew M Hamilton
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Nancy-Ellen Haynes
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Baolian Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Lida Qi
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Yonglin Ren
- Metabolic and Vascular Diseases, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Nathan R Scott
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Sung-Sau So
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Cheryl Spence
- Metabolic and Vascular Diseases, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Rebecca Taub
- Metabolic and Vascular Diseases, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Kshitij Thakkar
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Jefferson W Tilley
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
| | - Catherine Zwingelstein
- Metabolic and Vascular Diseases, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, United States
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14
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Bantis C, Heering P, Kouri NM, Siekierka-Harreis M, Stangou M, Schwandt C, Efstratiadis G, Rump LC, Ivens K, Haddiya I, Houssaini Squalli T, Laouad I, Ramdani B, Bayahia R, Dimas GG, Tegos TJ, Spiroglou SG, Pitsalidis CG, Sioulis AS, Karamouzis IM, Savopoulos CG, Karamouzis MI, Orologas AG, Hatzitolios AI, Grekas DM, Maixnerova D, Jancova E, Rychlik I, Rysava R, Merta M, Reiterova J, Kolsky A, Honsova E, Skibova J, Tesar V, Kendi Celebi Z, Calayoglu R, Keven K, Kurultak I, Mescigil P, Erbay B, Karatan O, Duman N, Erturk S, Nergizoglu G, Kutlay S, Sengul S, Ates K, Marino F, Martorano C, Bellantoni M, Tripepi R, Zoccali C, Ishizuka K, Harita Y, Kajiho Y, Tsurumi H, Asano T, Nishiyama K, Sugawara N, Chikamoto H, Akioka Y, Yamaguchi Y, Igarashi T, Hattori M, Bantis C, Heering PJ, Kouri NM, Stangou M, Siekierka-Harreis M, Efstratiadis G, Rump LC, Ivens K, Sahay M, Monova DV, Monov SV, Wang YY, Cheng H, Wang GQ, Dong HR, Chen YP, Wang CJ, Tang YL, Buti E, Dervishi E, Bergesio F, Ghiandai G, Mjeshtri A, Paudice N, Caldini AL, Nozzoli C, Minetti EE, Sun L, Feng J, Yao L, Fan Q, Ma J, Wang L, Kirsanova T, Merkusheva L, Ruinihina N, Kozlovskaya N, Elenshleger G, Turgutalp K, Karabulut U, Ozcan T, Helvaci I, Kiykim A, Kaul A, Bhadhuaria D, sharma R, Prasad N, Gupta A, Clajus C, Schmidt J, Haller H, Kumpers P, David S, Sevillano AM, Molina M, Gutierrez E, Morales E, Gonzalez E, Hernandez E, Praga M, Conde Olasagasti JL, Vozmediano Poyatos C, Illescas ML, Tallon S, Uson Carrasco JJ, Roca Munoz A, Rivera Hernandez F, Ismail G, Jurubita R, Andronesi A, Bobeica R, Zilisteanu D, Rusu E, Achim C, Sevillano AM, Molina M, Gutierrez E, Morales E, Huerta A, Hernandez E, Caro J, Gutierrez-Solis E, Praga M, Pasquariello A, Pasquariello G, Innocenti M, Grassi G, Egidi MF, Ozturk O, Yildiz A, Gul CB, Dilek K, Monov SV, Monova DV, Tylicki L, Jakubowska A, Weber E, Lizakowski S, Swietlik D, Rutkowski B, Postorino A, Costa S, Cristadoro S, Magazzu G, Bellinghieri G, Savica V, Buemi M, Santoro D, Lu Y, Shen P, Li X, Xu Y, Pan X, Wang W, Chen X, Zhang W, Ren H, Chen N, Mitic BP, Cvetkovic T, Vlahovic P, Velickovic Radovanovic R, Stefanovic V, Kostic S, Djordjevic V, Ao Q, Ma Q, Cheng Q, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang R, Ozturk S, Ozmen S, Akin D, Danis R, Yilmaz M, Hajri S, Barbouche S, Okpa H, Oviasu E, Ojogwu L, Fotouhi N, Ghaffari A, Hamzavi F, Nasri H, Ardalan M, Stott A, Ullah A, Anijeet H, Ahmed S, Kohli HS, Rajachandran R, Rathi M, Jha V, Sakhuja V, Yenigun E, Dede F, Turgut D, Koc E, Akoglu H, Piskinpasa S, Ozturk R, Odabas A, Bajcsi D, Abraham G, Kemeny E, Sonkodi S, Legrady P, Letoha A, Constantinou K, Ondrik Z, Ivanyi B, Lucisano G, Comi N, Cianfrone P, Summaria C, Piraina V, Talarico R, Camastra C, Fuiano G, Proletov I, Saganova E, Galkina O, Bogdanova E, Zubina I, Sipovskii V, Smirnov A, Bailly E, Pierre D, Kerdraon R, Grezard O, Gnappi E, Delsante M, Galetti M, Maggiore U, Manenti L, Hasan MJ, Muqueet MA, Mostafi M, Chowdhury I, Haque W, Khan T, Kang YJ, Bae EJ, Cho HS, Chang SH, Park DJ, Li X, Xu G, Lin H, Hu Z, Yu X, Xing C, Mei C, Zuo L, Ni Z, Ding X, Li D, Chen N, Ren H, Shen P, Li X, Pan X, Zhang Q, Feng X, Lin L, Zhang W, Chen N. Clinical nephrology - miscellaneous. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tymoshenko D, Jeges G, Meszaros T, Szommer T, Kovacs J, Nagy T, Fotouhi N, Gillespie P, Kowalczyk A, Goodnow Jr. R. First Synthesis of Methyl 2-Amino-6-Methoxynicotinate Using a Combination of Microwave and Flow Reaction Technologies. Synlett 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1259283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Goodnow RA, Hicks A, Sidduri A, Kowalczyk A, Dominique R, Qiao Q, Lou JP, Gillespie P, Fotouhi N, Tilley J, Cohen N, Choudhry S, Cavallo G, Tannu SA, Ventre JD, Lavelle D, Tare NS, Oh H, Lamb M, Kurylko G, Hamid R, Wright MB, Pamidimukkala A, Egan T, Gubler U, Hoffman AF, Wei X, Li YL, O’Neil J, Marcano R, Pozzani K, Molinaro T, Santiago J, Singer L, Hargaden M, Moore D, Catala AR, Chao LCF, Hermann G, Venkat R, Mancebo H, Renzetti LM. Discovery of Novel and Potent Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonists. Part 1. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3502-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qi Qiao
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gesine Hermann
- ChemOvation Ltd., Graylands, Langhurst Wood Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 4QD, U.K
| | - Radhika Venkat
- Multispan Inc, 26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Helena Mancebo
- Multispan Inc, 26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward, California 94545
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Hicks A, Goodnow R, Cavallo G, Tannu SA, Ventre JD, Lavelle D, Lora JM, Satjawatcharaphong J, Brovarney M, Dabbagh K, Tare NS, Oh H, Lamb M, Sidduri A, Dominique R, Qiao Q, Lou JP, Gillespie P, Fotouhi N, Kowalczyk A, Kurylko G, Hamid R, Wright MB, Pamidimukkala A, Egan T, Gubler U, Hoffman AF, Wei X, Li YL, O'Neil J, Marcano R, Pozzani K, Molinaro T, Santiago J, Singer L, Hargaden M, Moore D, Catala AR, Chao LCF, Benson J, March T, Venkat R, Mancebo H, Renzetti LM. Effects of LTB4 receptor antagonism on pulmonary inflammation in rodents and non-human primates. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010; 92:33-43. [PMID: 20214997 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and elevated levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). However, the exact role of LTB4 pathways in mediating pulmonary neutrophilia and the potential therapeutic application of LTB4 receptor antagonists in these diseases remains controversial. Here we show that a novel dual BLT1 and BLT2 receptor antagonist, RO5101576, potently inhibited LTB4-evoked calcium mobilization in HL-60 cells and chemotaxis of human neutrophils. RO5101576 significantly attenuated LTB4-evoked pulmonary eosinophilia in guinea pigs. In non-human primates, RO5101576 inhibited allergen and ozone-evoked pulmonary neutrophilia, with comparable efficacy to budesonide (allergic responses). RO5101576 had no effects on LPS-evoked neutrophilia in guinea pigs and cigarette smoke-evoked neutrophilia in mice and rats. In toxicology studies RO5101576 was well-tolerated. Theses studies show differential effects of LTB4 receptor antagonism on neutrophil responses in vivo and suggest RO5101576 may represent a potential new treatment for pulmonary neutrophilia in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hicks
- Department of RNA Therapeutics, Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Daouti S, Higgins B, Kolinsky K, Packman K, Wang H, Rizzo C, Moliterni J, Huby N, Fotouhi N, Liu M, Goelzer P, Sandhu HK, Li JK, Railkar A, Heimbrook D, Niu H. Preclinical in vivo evaluation of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a novel MEK1/2 kinase inhibitor RO5068760 in multiple tumor models. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:134-44. [PMID: 20053779 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway represents a promising anticancer strategy. Recently, we have reported a novel class of potent and selective non-ATP-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitors with a unique structure and mechanism of action. RO5068760 is a representative of this class showing significant efficacy in a broad spectrum of tumors with aberrant mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. To understand the relationship between systemic exposures and target (MEK1/2) inhibition as well as tumor growth inhibition, the current study presents a detailed in vivo characterization of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of RO5068760 in multiple xenograft tumor models. For inhibition of MEK1/2 as measured by the phosphorylated ERK levels, the estimated EC(50)s in plasma were 1.36 micromol/L (880 ng/mL) and 3.35 micromol/L (2168 ng/mL) in LOX melanoma and HT-29 colorectal cancer models, respectively. A similar EC(50) (1.41 micromol/L or 915 ng/mL) was observed in monkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. To achieve tumor growth inhibition (>or=90%), an average plasma drug concentration of 0.65 or 5.23 micromol/L was required in B-RafV600E or K-Ras mutant tumor models, respectively, which were remarkably similar to the IC(90) values (0.64 or 4.1 micromol/L) determined in vitro for cellular growth inhibition. With equivalent in vivo systemic exposures, RO5068760 showed superior efficacy in tumors harboring B-RafV600E mutation. The plasma concentration time profiles indicate that constant p-ERK suppression (>50%) may not be required for optimal efficacy, especially in highly responsive tumors. This study may facilitate future clinical trial design in using biochemical markers for early proof of mechanism and in selecting the right patients and optimal dose regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Daouti
- Discovery Oncology, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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Daouti S, Wang H, Li WH, Higgins B, Kolinsky K, Packman K, Specian A, Kong N, Huby N, Wen Y, Xiang Q, Podlaski FJ, He Y, Fotouhi N, Heimbrook D, Niu H. Characterization of a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1924-32. [PMID: 19244124 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway plays a central role in regulating tumor cell growth, survival, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The key components of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signal module are frequently altered in human cancers. Targeting this pathway represents a promising anticancer strategy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting MEK1/2 have shown promise in the clinic; however, ultimate clinical proof-of-concept remains elusive. Here, we report a potent and highly selective non-ATP-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor, RO4927350, with a novel chemical structure and unique mechanism of action. It selectively blocks the MAPK pathway signaling both in vitro and in vivo, which results in significant antitumor efficacy in a broad spectrum of tumor models. Compared with previously reported MEK inhibitors, RO4927350 inhibits not only ERK1/2 but also MEK1/2 phosphorylation. In cancer cells, high basal levels of phospho-MEK1/2 rather than phospho-ERK1/2 seem to correlate with greater sensitivity to RO4927350. Furthermore, RO4927350 prevents a feedback increase in MEK phosphorylation, which has been observed with other MEK inhibitors. We show that B-Raf rather than C-Raf plays a critical role in the feedback regulation. The unique MAPK signaling blockade mediated by RO4927350 in cancer may reduce the risk of developing drug resistance. Thus, RO4927350 represents a novel therapeutic modality in cancers with aberrant MAPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Daouti
- Discovery Oncology, Discovery Chemistry, and Roche Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey
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Daouti S, Li WH, Qian H, Huang KS, Holmgren J, Levin W, Reik L, McGady DL, Gillespie P, Perrotta A, Bian H, Reidhaar-Olson JF, Bliss SA, Olivier AR, Sergi JA, Fry D, Danho W, Ritland S, Fotouhi N, Heimbrook D, Niu H. A selective phosphatase of regenerating liver phosphatase inhibitor suppresses tumor cell anchorage-independent growth by a novel mechanism involving p130Cas cleavage. Cancer Res 2008; 68:1162-9. [PMID: 18281492 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family, a unique class of oncogenic phosphatases, consists of three members: PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3. Aberrant overexpression of PRL-3 has been found in multiple solid tumor types. Ectopic expression of PRLs in cells induces transformation, increases mobility and invasiveness, and forms experimental metastases in mice. We have now shown that small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of PRL expression in cancer cells results in the down-regulation of p130Cas phosphorylation and expression and prevents tumor cell anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. We have also identified a small molecule, 7-amino-2-phenyl-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (thienopyridone), which potently and selectively inhibits all three PRLs but not other phosphatases in vitro. The thienopyridone showed significant inhibition of tumor cell anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, induction of the p130Cas cleavage, and anoikis, a type of apoptosis that can be induced by anticancer agents via disruption of cell-matrix interaction. Unlike etoposide, thienopyridone-induced p130Cas cleavage and apoptosis were not associated with increased levels of p53 and phospho-p53 (Ser(15)), a hallmark of genotoxic drug-induced p53 pathway activation. This is the first report of a potent selective PRL inhibitor that suppresses tumor cell three-dimensional growth by a novel mechanism involving p130Cas cleavage. This study reveals a new insight into the role of PRL-3 in priming tumor progression and shows that PRL may represent an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Daouti
- Preclinical Research, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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Chu XJ, DePinto W, Bartkovitz D, So SS, Vu BT, Packman K, Lukacs C, Ding Q, Jiang N, Wang K, Goelzer P, Yin X, Smith MA, Higgins BX, Chen Y, Xiang Q, Moliterni J, Kaplan G, Graves B, Lovey A, Fotouhi N. Discovery of [4-Amino-2-(1-methanesulfonylpiperidin-4-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl](2,3-difluoro-6- methoxyphenyl)methanone (R547), a potent and selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with significant in vivo antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6549-60. [PMID: 17064073 DOI: 10.1021/jm0606138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners are key regulators of the cell cycle. Since deregulation of CDKs is found with high frequency in many human cancer cells, pharmacological inhibition of CDKs with small molecules has the potential to provide an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. The 2,4-diamino-5-ketopyrimidines 6 reported here represent a novel class of potent and ATP-competitive inhibitors that selectively target the cyclin-dependent kinase family. This diaminopyrimidine core with a substituted 4-piperidine moiety on the C2-amino position and 2-methoxybenzoyl at the C5 position has been identified as the critical structure responsible for the CDK inhibitory activity. Further optimization has led to a good number of analogues that show potent inhibitory activities against CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 but are inactive against a large panel of serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases (K(i) > 10 microM). As one of these representative analogues, compound 39 (R547) has the best CDK inhibitory activities (K(i) = 0.001, 0.003, and 0.001 microM for CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4, respectively) and excellent in vitro cellular potency, inhibiting the growth of various human tumor cell lines including an HCT116 cell line (IC(50) = 0.08 microM). An X-ray crystal structure of 39 bound to CDK2 has been determined in this study, revealing a binding mode that is consistent with our SAR. Compound 39 demonstrates significant in vivo efficacy in the HCT116 human colorectal tumor xenograft model in nude mice with up to 95% tumor growth inhibition. On the basis of its superior overall profile, 39 was chosen for further evaluation and has progressed into Phase I clinical trial for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Chu
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Oncology, Non-Clinical Drug Safety and Discovery Technologies, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Fotouhi N, Gillespie P, Goodnow RA, So SS, Han Y, Babiss LE. Application and Utilization of Chemoinformatics Tools in Lead Generation and Optimization. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2006; 9:95-102. [PMID: 16475967 DOI: 10.2174/138620706775541855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The process of Drug Discovery is a complex and high risk endeavor that requires focused attention on experimental hypotheses, the application of diverse sets of technologies and data to facilitate high quality decision-making. All is aimed at enhancing the quality of the chemical development candidate(s) through clinical evaluation and into the market. In support of the lead generation and optimization phases of this endeavor, high throughput technologies such as combinatorial/high throughput synthesis and high throughput and ultra-high throughput screening, have allowed the rapid analysis and generation of large number of compounds and data. Today, for every analog synthesized 100 or more data points can be collected and captured in various centralized databases. The analysis of thousands of compounds can very quickly become a daunting task. In this article we present the process we have developed for both analyzing and prioritizing large sets of data starting from diversity and focused uHTS in support of lead generation and secondary screens supporting lead optimization. We will describe how we use informatics and computational chemistry to focus our efforts on asking relevant questions about the desired attributes of a specific library, and subsequently in guiding the generation of more information-rich sets of analogs in support of both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., 340 Kingsland St., Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA
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Abstract
The discovery of the key negative regulator MDM2 (mouse double minute 2, also termed HDM2 for its human equivalent) provided a great opportunity to manipulate the levels of the tumor suppressor p53 in cancer cells. Activation of p53 in tumor cells by inhibiting the interaction of MDM2 with p53 has therefore been the focus of a large effort in drug discovery. The modulation of protein-protein interactions, however, has historically been very difficult to achieve owing to the large surface area of interaction. In this article, we review the recent accomplishments in this area and our quest for a clinically viable MDM2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Fotouhi
- Discovery Chemistry, Hoffman La-Roche Inc. 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Abstract
Starting with a cyclic peptide of moderate potency as a VLA-4 antagonist, highly potent and conformationally defined cyclic peptides were developed incorporating a constrained tyrosine and an achiral Asp-Pro spacer. N-Acyl phenylalanine derivatives were also discovered to have VLA-4 antagonist activity. During the course of development of this series, we found that the active acylphenylalanines mimic the pharmacophores present in the cyclic peptides and hypothesized that they bind to the same site on VLA-4. This insight guided our optimization strategy. Based on the emerging SAR, as well as insights from the recent X-ray crystal structure of the integrin alphavbeta3 bound to a RGD containing cyclic peptide, we propose a binding model for these compounds.
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Vassilev LT, Vu BT, Graves B, Carvajal D, Podlaski F, Filipovic Z, Kong N, Kammlott U, Lukacs C, Klein C, Fotouhi N, Liu EA. In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2. Science 2004; 303:844-8. [PMID: 14704432 DOI: 10.1126/science.1092472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3478] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MDM2 binds the p53 tumor suppressor protein with high affinity and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity and stability. Overexpression of MDM2, found in many human tumors, effectively impairs p53 function. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction can stabilize p53 and may offer a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we identify potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 and confirm their mode of action through the crystal structures of complexes. These compounds bind MDM2 in the p53-binding pocket and activate the p53 pathway in cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in nude mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Binding Sites
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Crystallization
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cyclins/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Imidazoles/chemistry
- Imidazoles/metabolism
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Weight
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins
- Phosphorylation
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Conformation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
- Stereoisomerism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubomir T Vassilev
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Fotouhi N, Galakatos NG, Kemp DS. Peptide synthesis by prior thiol capture. 6. Rates of the disulfide-bond-forming capture reaction and demonstration of the overall strategy by synthesis of the C-terminal 29-peptide sequence of BPTI. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00273a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kemp DS, Galakatos NG, Dranginis S, Ashton C, Fotouhi N, Curran TP. Peptide synthesis by prior thiol capture. 4. Amide bond formation. The effect of a side-chain substituent on the rates of intramolecular O,N-acyl transfer. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00367a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roche O, Schneider P, Zuegge J, Guba W, Kansy M, Alanine A, Bleicher K, Danel F, Gutknecht EM, Rogers-Evans M, Neidhart W, Stalder H, Dillon M, Sjögren E, Fotouhi N, Gillespie P, Goodnow R, Harris W, Jones P, Taniguchi M, Tsujii S, von der Saal W, Zimmermann G, Schneider G. Development of a virtual screening method for identification of "frequent hitters" in compound libraries. J Med Chem 2002; 45:137-42. [PMID: 11754585 DOI: 10.1021/jm010934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A computer-based method was developed for rapid and automatic identification of potential "frequent hitters". These compounds show up as hits in many different biological assays covering a wide range of targets. A scoring scheme was elaborated from substructure analysis, multivariate linear and nonlinear statistical methods applied to several sets of one and two-dimensional molecular descriptors. The final model is based on a three-layered neural network, yielding a predictive Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.81. This system was able to correctly classify 90% of the test set molecules in a 10-times cross-validation study. The method was applied to database filtering, yielding between 8% (compilation of trade drugs) and 35% (Available Chemicals Directory) potential frequent hitters. This filter will be a valuable tool for the prioritization of compounds from large databases, for compound purchase and biological testing, and for building new virtual libraries.
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Abstract
Substitution of carbon for sulfur in a potent 13-membered cyclic disulfide containing peptide was accomplished via an intramolecular Wittig reaction and resulted in a series of 'carba' analogues. Potency in the VCAM-VLA-4 assay was sensitive to ring size and lower than that of the parent disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tilley
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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32
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Fotouhi N, Joshi P, Fry D, Cook C, Tilley JW, Kaplan G, Hanglow A, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Wolitzky B. The design and synthesis of potent cyclic peptide VCAM-VLA-4 antagonists incorporating an achiral Asp-Pro mimetic. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1171-3. [PMID: 10866374 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Asp-Pro sequence of the cyclic peptide Ac-HN-Tyr-Cys*-Asp-Pro-Cys*-OH (1) could be replaced with the achiral dipeptide mimetic 1-(2-aminoethyl)cyclpentylcarboxylic acid with retention of potent inhibition of the VCAM-VLA-4 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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33
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Abstract
Selective substitution of a sulfur atom by carbon in a highly potent 13-membered cyclic disulfide was accomplished by intramolecular displacement of a bromide. The potency of the resulting thioethers in the VCAM/VLA-4 assay was dependent on ring size and the position of the sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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34
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Mune M, Meydani M, Gong J, Fotouhi N, Ohtani H, Smith D, Blumberg JB. Effect of dietary fish oil, vitamin E, and probucol on renal injury in the rat. J Nutr Biochem 1999; 10:539-46. [PMID: 15539334 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(99)00042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/1999] [Accepted: 06/25/1999] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fish oil, vitamin E, and probucol have been considered in a variety of human and experimental models of kidney disease. Using subtotal nephrectomized cholesterol-fed rats as a model for progressive kidney disease, we examined the effect of 5% dietary fish oil, or a combination of 5% dietary fish oil with 500 IU vitamin E/kg diet or 1% probucol on renal injury. Three-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control diet (C group) or a cholesterol supplemented (2%) diet (Ch group) containing either fish oil (FO group) or fish oil plus vitamin E (FO+E group) or fish oil plus probucol (FO+P group). After 4 weeks of dietary treatment, the right kidney was electrocoagulated and the left kidney nephrectomized. After 8 weeks, 24-hour urine was collected before sacrifice. No effect of the dietary treatments was noted on serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, or proteinuria, except that proteinuria was highest in FO+P group. Rats receiving the cholesterol diets had higher serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) + very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (P < 0.05). In contrast, rats in the FO+P group had the lowest serum total cholesterol and LDL+VLDL cholesterol among all groups. The FO group had 26% lower kidney alpha-tocopherol concentrations than the C group. However, inclusion of vitamin E in the diet (FO+E group) increased the kidney alpha-tocopherol status to a level comparable to that in the C group, whereas inclusion of probucol in fish oil diet (FO+P group) did not improve the kidney alpha-tocopherol status. Rats fed the cholesterol diet had a 2.5-fold higher glomerular segmental sclerosis (GSS) score and 1.5-fold higher glomerular macrophage (GM) subpopulation than the C group. These effects of the cholesterol diet were ameliorated by a fish oil diet (FO group: GSS by 30%, GM by 24%). The inclusion of vitamin E in the fish oil diet (FO+E group) did not further improve the GSS score or GM subpopulation. However, inclusion of probucol in fish oil diet (FO+P group) lowered the GSS score by 73% and reduced GM subpopulation by 83% compared with the Ch group. These remarkable changes can be attributed to the powerful hypocholesterolemic activity of probucol. Our findings indicate that progression of glomerular sclerosis in the rat remnant kidney model of progressive kidney disease can be significantly modulated with fish oil treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mune
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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35
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Christodoulopoulos G, Fotouhi N, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Alaoui-Jamali M, Panasci L. Relationship between nitrogen mustard drug resistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-X and p53. Cancer Lett 1997; 121:59-67. [PMID: 9459175 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several genes have been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis including bcl-2, bax, bcl-X and p53. These genes may be important in the development of nitrogen mustard (NM) drug resistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Using Western blot analysis, we examined the levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-X and p53 protein expression and determined whether the levels of these proteins correlated with in vitro drug resistance in CLL patients' lymphocyte samples. Our investigations suggest that in CLL, NM drug resistance develops without any detectable alteration of Bcl-2, Bax or Bcl-X. In addition, we determined the presence of p53 mutations in 14 samples in order to assess if there is an association between in vitro drug resistance and the presence of p53 mutations. Using single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing analysis, we observed a p53 mutation in two out of seven resistant samples. The mutation occurring in both cases was a G:C --> A:T transition at codon 273 (exon 8). One of these cases was de novo resistant to the nitrogen mustards. Only one of six samples with acquired resistance to the nitrogen mustards had a p53 mutation suggesting that p53 mutations are not a prominent feature of acquired NM resistance in CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Mechlorethamine/therapeutic use
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
- bcl-X Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- G Christodoulopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Santos MS, Meydani SN, Leka L, Wu D, Fotouhi N, Meydani M, Hennekens CH, Gaziano JM. Natural killer cell activity in elderly men is enhanced by beta-carotene supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64:772-7. [PMID: 8901800 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/64.5.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell activity has been postulated to be an immunologic link between beta-carotene and cancer prevention. In a cross-sectional, placebo-controlled, double-blind study we examined the effect of 10-12 y of beta-carotene supplementation (50 mg on alternate days) on NK cell activity in 59 (38 middle-aged men, 51-64 y; 21 elderly men, 65-86 y) Boston area participants in the Physicians' Health Study. No significant difference was seen in NK cell activity due to beta-carotene supplementation in the middle-aged group. The elderly men had significantly lower NK cell activity than the middle-aged men; however, there was no age-associated difference in NK cell activity in men supplemented with beta-carotene. beta-carotene-supplemented elderly men had significantly greater NK cell activity than elderly men receiving placebo. The reason for this is unknown; however, it was not due to an increase in the percentage of NK cells, nor to an increase in interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor expression, nor to IL-2 production. beta-carotene may be acting directly on one or more of the lytic stages of NK cell cytotoxicity, or on NK cell activity-enhancing cytokines other than IL-2, such as IL-12. Our results show that long-term beta-carotene supplementation enhances NK cell activity in elderly men, which may be beneficial for viral and tumoral surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Santos
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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37
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Birktoft JJ, Crowther R, Kammlott U, Graves B, Waugh D, Levin W, Fotouhi N, Hull K, Hanglow A, Pietranico S, Michoud C, Visnick M. Spelunking stromelysin: a case history of structure-based drug design. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Fotouhi N, Meydani M, Santos MS, Meydani SN, Hennekens CH, Gaziano JM. Carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and red blood cells after long-term beta-carotene supplementation in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63:553-8. [PMID: 8599319 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/63.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of long-term beta-carotene supplementation on concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols in plasma and in blood cells, fasting blood was collected from 73 randomly selected physicians from the Boston area who are participating in the Physicians Health Study (PHS). The PHS is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. In 1982, 22,071 male physicians were assigned to one of four treatments (325 mg aspirin alone, 50 mg beta-carotene alone, both, or neither) every other day. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and red blood cells (RBCs) from physicians who have participated in the study for approximately 12 y were analyzed for carotenoids and tocopherols. Compared with the placebo group, the supplemented group had higher beta-carotene concentrations in plasma (1.73+/-0.16 compared with 0.54+/-0.06 micromol/L0, RBCs (91.5+/-9.7 compared with 31.2+/-4.2 pmol/g hemoglobin), and PBMCs (61.6+/-10.3 compared with 15.5+/-2.5 pmol/10(7) cells). There were no differences in other carotenoids or tocopherols in plasma, RBCs, and PBMCs between these two groups. The beta-carotene concentrations. Plasma cryptoxanthin correlated with both RBC and PBMC cryptoxanthin concentrations but plasma lycopene correlated only with PBMC lycopene concentrations. These data suggest that plasma may not be the best indicator of carotenoid status. Furthermore, long-term beta-carotene supplementation in men results in higher beta-carotene concentrations in plasma, RBCs and PBMCs without lowering concentrations of other carotenoids or tocopherols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, U.S.A
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39
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Hanglow AC, Lugo A, Walsky R, Visnick M, Coffey JW, Fotouhi N. Inhibition of human stromelysin by peptides based on the N-terminal domain of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 205:1156-63. [PMID: 7802645 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) represent a family of naturally occurring protein inhibitors of stromelysin and other members of the family of matrix metalloproteinases. A series of peptides based on the N-terminal sequence of natural TIMP-1 was synthesized and assessed for inhibitory activity against purified human stromelysin. Inhibitor peptides were identified in the loop (bounded by the disulfide bonds [C3-C99] and [C13-C124]), e.g., [C3(Acm)-C13], (IC50, 42 microM). It was established that inhibition was due to the free sulfhydryl group of either C13 or C124. However, peptides within [C70(Acm)-C98(Acm)] inhibited stromelysin independently of zinc co-ordination by cysteine. The binding epitope in TIMP-1 may be discontinuous and comprised of sequences from at least 2 loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hanglow
- Department of Inflammation, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110
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40
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Fotouhi N, Lugo A, Visnick M, Lusch L, Walsky R, Coffey JW, Hanglow AC. Potent peptide inhibitors of stromelysin based on the prodomain region of matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:30227-31. [PMID: 7982931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromelysin is secreted as an inactive zymogen that is activated in the extracellular space by cleavage of the His81-Phe82 bond with the release of the 81-amino acid propeptide domain. This segment contains a 12-amino acid sequence (MRKPRC75GVPDVG) that is highly conserved in all matrix metalloproteinases. Previous studies have shown that the hexapeptide, Ac-RCGVPD-NH2, and the pentapeptide, Ac-RCGVP-NH2, based on this region retain significant inhibitory activity. This new structure-activity relationship study of both peptides has shown that only Cys75 and Val77 are essential for inhibitory activity. Peptides based on this series inhibited stromelysin and collagenase with equal potency. Additional peptides spanning this region were synthesized in order to focus on these two sites. Significantly, isocysteine was substituted for Cys75 without significant loss of inhibitory activity. Tyr-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl) was substituted for Val77. The introduction of these 2 new residues into Ac-CGVP-NH2 produced a very potent inhibitor, Ac-isoCGY-(2,6 dichlorobenzyl)-P-NH2 with an IC50 of 3 microM. The following factors, acting in combination, determine the inhibitory activity of peptides in this series: distance between the sulfur atom and the peptide backbone, coordination geometry of the thiol side chain with the active-site zinc, and conformational flexibility of the side-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Department of Inflammation, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110
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41
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Jenkins TC, Thies EJ, Fotouhi N. Dietary soybean oil changes lipolytic rate and composition of fatty acids in plasma membranes of ovine adipocytes. J Nutr 1994; 124:566-70. [PMID: 8145079 DOI: 10.1093/jn/124.4.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine which fatty acids in plasma membranes of adipose tissue from ruminants are changed when the diet is supplemented with unsaturated fatty acids and to determine the effect of the fat supplement on adipocyte metabolism. Ten sheep were randomly assigned to two isonitrogenous diets containing either no added fat (control) or 5 g soybean oil/100 g diet. Perirenal fat was removed at slaughter, adipocytes isolated by collagenase digestion, and plasma membranes prepared by centrifugation on a Percoll gradient. Feeding soybean oil to the sheep increased (P < 0.05) linoleic acid [18: 2(n-6)] concentration in subcutaneous fat and isolated adipocytes, suggesting partial escape of dietary unsaturated fatty acids from ruminal biohydrogenation. Soybean oil consumption also decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of myristic acid, arachidonic acid [20: 4(n-6)] and anteiso 17:0 in plasma membranes, but increased (P < 0.05) trans 18:1. Lipogenesis was not affected by diet, but lipolysis tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in sheep fed the soybean oil-containing diet than in those fed the control diet. In ruminants, fatty acids of ruminal origin, namely trans intermediates of biohydrogenation or branched-chain fatty acids of microbial lipid, may account for as much change in the composition of plasma membranes and in cellular metabolism as do the small quantities of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet that escape biohydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jenkins
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, SC 29634
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42
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Presky DH, Wilkinson VL, Flannery MD, Korkmaz E, Walsky R, Mondini-Minetti LJ, Fotouhi N, Levin W. Production of monoclonal antibodies to prostromelysin (ProMMP-3) and establishment of a quantitative prostromelysin ELISA assay. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 193:364-70. [PMID: 8503927 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human prostromelysin (59 kDa) was purified from the conditioned medium of IL-1-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts and anti-prostromelysin monoclonal antibodies were produced and identified by ELISA assay. Using prostromelysin, a C-terminally truncated recombinant form of prostromelysin consisting of amino acids 1-255, and their respective activated enzymes, we have begun mapping the epitopes recognized by these monoclonal antibodies. Various patterns of reactivity against the proenzymes and activated enzymes were observed. In further attempts to map the epitopes, we employed synthetic peptides representing hydrophilic regions of the primary amino acid sequence of prostromelysin. Our monoclonal antibodies did not recognize these peptides, suggesting that the antibodies may be recognizing conformational epitopes composed of non-linear portions of prostromelysin. Using these monoclonal antibodies, we have developed a quantitative prostromelysin sandwich ELISA assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Presky
- Molecular Sciences Research, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110
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43
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Hanglow AC, Lugo A, Walsky R, Finch-Arietta M, Lusch L, Visnick M, Fotouhi N. Peptides based on the conserved predomain sequence of matrix metalloproteinases inhibit human stromelysin and collagenase. Agents Actions 1993; 39 Spec No:C148-50. [PMID: 8273554 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prostromelysin, a member of the family of matrix metalloproteinases, is secreted as a zymogen which is activated after cleavage of the His81-Phe82 bond. The 82 amino acid propeptide that is removed during activation contains 12 amino acids, MRKPRC75GVPDVG, that are highly conserved in all MMPs. We evaluated a series of peptides that span this region for their ability to inhibit stromelysin. The hexapeptide, Ac-RCGVPD, and the pentapeptide, Ac-RCGVP had IC50 values of approx. 10 microM. The tetrapeptide, Ac-RCGV, was somewhat less potent with an IC50 of 60 microM. Smaller peptides, e.g. Ac-RCG, were significantly less potent as inhibitors. Substitutions of Cys75 with Ser resulted in a complete loss of inhibitory activity. The peptides in this series also inhibited human fibroblast collagenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hanglow
- Department of Arthritis Research, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ 07110
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44
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Finch-Arietta M, Johnson W, Lusch L, Fotouhi N, Walsky R, Hanglow AC. Characterization of a tight-binding MMP-3 inhibitor using improved fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Agents Actions 1993; 39 Spec No:C189-91. [PMID: 8273564 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Accurate kinetic characterization of stromelysin (MMP-3) inhibitors is critical in the design of potent inhibitors of this enzyme. We have successfully modified a previously described assay [1] which used an internally quenched peptide substrate (Dnp-PYAYWMR) that, upon cleavage by MMP-3, produces the products, Dnp-PYA (quiet) and YWMR (a fluorophore at 360 nm). This improved assay uses purified human MMP-3 in the presence of either 5% methanol or 5% DMSO. Fluorescence intensities associated with total hydrolysis of substrate by enzyme have been successfully mimicked using a combination of the product peptides as a standard. We have determined a Km of 39.2 microM and Kcat/Km of 4.6 microM/h for MMP-3 (in 5% MeOH) using this peptide substrate. This assay was used successfully to characterize Ro 31-4724 ((N-[(N-[2-[(N-hydroxycarbamoyl)methyl]-4-methyl-valeryl]-L-leucyl ] - L-alanine ethyl ester) as a reversible, tightly binding, inhibitor with a Ki of 26 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Finch-Arietta
- Department of Arthritis Research, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110
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45
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Fotouhi N, Karatzas CN, Kuhnlein U, Zadworny D. Identification of growth hormone DNA polymorphisms which respond to divergent selection for abdominal fat content in chickens. Theor Appl Genet 1993; 85:931-936. [PMID: 24196142 DOI: 10.1007/bf00215031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/1992] [Accepted: 07/30/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two strains of meat-type chickens which had been derived from the same genetic base, but were selected for high or low abdominal fat content, respectively, were analyzed for polymorphisms in the growth hormone gene (GH). A total of four DNA polymorphisms were identified, one at a SacI restriction site and three at MspI restriction sites. Restriction mapping indicated that all polymorphisms were in exons and/or introns and not in flanking regions of the gene. The incidence of GH polymorphisms was determined in 20 chickens from each strain and significant differences were observed for two of the four polymorphisms. Analysis by DNA fingerprinting using (CAC)5 as a probe indicated that the inbreeding coefficient was 0.1 in both strains and that random genetic drift was minimal. Thus, the selection for abdominal fat appears to have affected the frequency of alleles of the growth hormone gene. Whether this is the direct consequence of an altered growth hormone gene on fat metabolism or reflects linkage to an allele of a neighbouring gene remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Quebec, Canada
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46
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Abstract
A novel class of silyl-based protective groups compatible with the Bpoc/t-Bu strategy has been developed for the side chain of tyrosine. Carbobenzyloxy (CBZ) and biphenylisopropyloxy (Bpoc)-O-beta-trimethylsilylethyl-tyrosine (10 and 12) and CBZ-O-beta-dimethylphenylsilylethyl-tyrosine 14 were prepared in reasonable yields and in very high purity. The trimethylsilylethyl (TMSE) group proved to be 3-4 times more stable than the tert-butyl ether group towards 0.5% TFA. The latter is removed up to 4% during the acidolysis of the Bpoc group. As expected, the dimethylphenylsilylethyl (DMPSE) group was even more resistant towards 0.5% TFA (five time greater than the TMSE analog). Both silyl protective groups were found to be resistant towards a variety of reagents used in peptide synthesis, such as trialkylamines, hydroxybenzotriazole, trialkylphosphine and nucleophiles. They are readily removed in neat TFA in 5-20 min in the absence of cation scavengers, without any detectable alkylation of the phenolic ring. The application of the new silyl-based protective group was demonstrated by the synthesis of the C-terminal 29 amino acid peptide of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor by the prior thiol capture methodology. The protected octapeptide BocC(Acm)QT)(tBu)FVY(TMSE)GG-PO-dibenzofuranthiol++ + was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis using Bpoc-(O-TMSE)-Tyr-OH in greater than 90% yield and coupled to an unprotected 21-mer. The partially blocked, purified peptide was deprotected quantitatively in neat TFA in 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
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47
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Abstract
Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Hampshire wethers were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to determine whether linoleoyl methionine and calcium linoleate would increase duodenal flow of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 + cis C18:1). All animals received the same basal diet plus a treatment enclosed in gelatin capsules that were placed directly in the rumen. Of the four experimental treatments, one was a control (empty capsules) and three were 5 g of fatty acid equivalent as either free linoleic acid, calcium linoleate, or linoleoyl methionine. Linoleoyl methionine had the lowest ruminal disappearance of C18:2 + cis C18:1. Ruminal loss of unsaturated fatty acids from each supplement exclusive of feed unsaturated fatty acids was 69.8, 92.9, and 94.6% for linoleoyl methionine, free linoleic acid, and calcium linoleate, respectively. Duodenal flow of methionine also was higher for linoleoyl methionine than for control, free linoleic acid, or calcium linoleate (2.5, 1.7, 2.0, and 2.5 g/d, respectively). Plasma linoleic acid was higher for linoleoyl methionine than for control or free linoleic acid but was not different from calcium linoleate (22.0, 17.8, 18.9, and 20.2% of total fatty acids, respectively). Plasma methionine levels were not different among treatments. Intestinal disappearance of unsaturated fatty acids did not differ among treatments. Linoleoyl methionine resisted ruminal biohydrogenation and was digested normally in the intestine. Calcium linoleate did not escape biohydrogenation by ruminal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, SC 29634
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48
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Fotouhi N, Bowen BR, Kemp DS. Resolution of proline acylation problem for thiol capture strategy by use of a chloro-dibenzofuran template. Int J Pept Protein Res 1992; 40:141-7. [PMID: 1280251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1992.tb01462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The acyl transfer rate for proline, in the prior thiol capture strategy, was enhanced by changing the electronic character of the dibenzofuran template. The rate of amide bond formation between proline and cysteine by the 1-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-mercaptodibenzofuran was measured to be 0.012 min-1, which translates to a half-life of 53 min. Further enhancement of the reaction rate was accomplished by the use of a 1,3-dichloro-dibenzofuran template. The k1 for the reaction was measured to be 0.093 min-1, and the half-life was calculated to be 7 min. To test the applicability of the activated template, 1-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-mercaptodibenzofuran, in peptide synthesis, the 34 amino acid long peptide, H-RPDFCLEPPYTGPCRKARNNFKSADECMRTCGGA-OH, was synthesized. This peptide represents the condensation of the N-terminal 13-mer and the C-terminal 21-mer of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
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Abstract
Two in vitro trials were conducted to determine whether fatty acyl amides are degraded and hydrogenated by ruminal microorganisms. The treatments consisted of ground hay supplemented with either no lipid, linoleoyl Met ethyl ester, or free linoleic acid plus Met ethyl ester. Incubations were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks at 39 degrees C under CO2. Cultures were sampled at predetermined times and analyzed for long-chain fatty acids, Met, and VFA. In trial 1, the rate of disappearance of linoleic acid was lower for the amide than for the FFA (.004 and -.047/h, respectively). In trial 2, there were no differences in the rate of disappearance of linoleic acid from 0 to 6 h (-.237 and -.357/h for amide and FFA, respectively), but the rates from 6 to 48 h (-.003 and -.027/h for amide and FFA, respectively) were different. Linoleoyl Met cultures also had higher acetate to propionate ratio and lower loss of Met compared with free linoleic acid cultures. There was no loss of radioactivity from [14C]stearoyl Met after 24 h of incubation, indicating its resistance to bacterial breakdown. The results showed that fatty acyl amides resist bacterial breakdown and prevent loss of double bonds by microbial biohydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, SC 29634-0361
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50
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Abstract
Six Hampshire wethers with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed three diets in a replicated 3 X 3 latin square to compare phospholipids with triglycerides for their effects on ruminal digestion. The diets (56% concentrate, 44% bermuda-grass hay, air-dried basis) contained either no added fat (control), 5.2% soybean lecithin or 2.4% corn oil on a DM basis. All diets were isonitrogenous and both fat-supplemented diets had similar fatty acid and energy contents. Fat added to the diet, regardless of source, reduced digestibilities of DM, energy, ADF and fatty acids in the rumen but had no effect on total tract digestibility coefficients. Lecithin slightly increased (P = .06) fatty acid digestion in the hindgut compared to corn oil (91.0 and 87.0%, respectively). Both fat sources decreased (P less than .01) ruminal ammonia concentration and increased (P less than .10) N flow to the duodenum. Added fat also reduced ruminal (P less than .01) and total tract (P less than .05) N digestibilities. Microbial N flow to the hindgut was not affected by diet, but adding fat increased (P less than .06) true efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Overall, phospholipids from soybean lecithin inhibited ruminal fermentation similarly to triglycerides from corn oil. Despite ruminal degradation of lecithin by microbial phospholipases as shown in other studies, feeding lecithin tended to increase fatty acid digestion in the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jenkins
- Dept. of Anim. Sci., Clemson University, SC 29634
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