1
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Michino M, Khan TA, Miller MW, Fukase Y, Vendome J, Adura C, Glickman JF, Liu Y, Wan L, Allis CD, Stamford AW, Meinke PT, Renzetti LM, Kargman S, Liverton NJ, Huggins DJ. Lead Optimization of Small Molecule ENL YEATS Inhibitors to Enable In Vivo Studies: Discovery of TDI-11055. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:524-532. [PMID: 38628784 PMCID: PMC11017412 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Eleven-nineteen leukemia (ENL) is an epigenetic reader protein that drives oncogenic transcriptional programs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is one of the deadliest hematopoietic malignancies, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 27%. The epigenetic reader activity of ENL is mediated by its YEATS domain that binds to acetyl and crotonyl marks on histone tails and colocalizes with promoters of actively transcribed genes that are essential for leukemia. Prior to the discovery of TDI-11055, existing inhibitors of ENL YEATS showed in vitro potency, but had not shown efficacy in in vivo animal models. During the course of the medicinal chemistry campaign described here, we identified ENL YEATS inhibitor TDI-11055 that has an improved pharmacokinetic profile and is appropriate for in vivo evaluation of the ENL YEATS inhibition mechanism in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Tanweer A. Khan
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael W. Miller
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeremie Vendome
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 1540 Broadway,
24th Floor, New York, New
York 10036, United States
| | - Carolina Adura
- Fisher
Drug Discovery Resource Center, The Rockefeller
University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - J. Fraser Glickman
- Fisher
Drug Discovery Resource Center, The Rockefeller
University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yiman Liu
- Department
of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Liling Wan
- Department
of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - C. David Allis
- Laboratory
of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The
Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Andrew W. Stamford
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Peter T. Meinke
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Louis M. Renzetti
- Bridge
Medicines, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Smith Hall Annex,
C-Floor, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Stacia Kargman
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Bridge
Medicines, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Smith Hall Annex,
C-Floor, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David J. Huggins
- Sanders
Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 1230 York Ave, Box 122, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
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2
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Hekking KFW, Maroto S, van Kekem K, Haasjes FS, Slootweg JC, Oude Alink PGB, Dirks R, Sardana M, Bolster MG, Kuijpers B, Smith D, Doodeman R, Scheepstra M, Zech B, Mulvihill M, Renzetti LM, Babiss L, Centrella PA, Clark MA, Cuozzo JW, Guié MA, Sigel E, Habeshian S, Hupp CD, Liu J, Thomson HA, Zhang Y, Keefe AD, Müller G, Gremmen S. Development of Potent Mcl-1 Inhibitors: Structural Investigations on Macrocycles Originating from a DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Screen. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3039-3065. [PMID: 38306405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is critical for the development and growth of tumors. The pro-survival protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) is an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, associated with tumor aggressiveness, poor survival, and drug resistance. Development of Mcl-1 inhibitors implies blocking of protein-protein interactions, generally requiring a lengthy optimization process of large, complex molecules. Herein, we describe the use of DNA-encoded chemical library synthesis and screening to directly generate complex, yet conformationally privileged macrocyclic hits that serve as Mcl-1 inhibitors. By applying a conceptual combination of conformational analysis and structure-based design in combination with a robust synthetic platform allowing rapid analoging, we optimized in vitro potency of a lead series into the low nanomolar regime. Additionally, we demonstrate fine-tuning of the physicochemical properties of the macrocyclic compounds, resulting in the identification of lead candidates 57/59 with a balanced profile, which are suitable for future development toward therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ron Dirks
- Symeres, 6546BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Birgit Zech
- X-Rx, Inc., New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | | | | - Lee Babiss
- X-Rx, Inc., New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | | | | - John W Cuozzo
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | - Eric Sigel
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | | | - Julie Liu
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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3
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Liu Y, Li Q, Alikarami F, Barrett DR, Mahdavi L, Li H, Tang S, Khan TA, Michino M, Hill C, Song L, Yang L, Li Y, Pokharel SP, Stamford AW, Liverton N, Renzetti LM, Taylor S, Watt GF, Ladduwahetty T, Kargman S, Meinke PT, Foley MA, Shi J, Li H, Carroll M, Chen CW, Gardini A, Maillard I, Huggins DJ, Bernt KM, Wan L. Small-Molecule Inhibition of the Acyl-Lysine Reader ENL as a Strategy against Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2684-2709. [PMID: 36053276 PMCID: PMC9627135 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin reader eleven-nineteen leukemia (ENL) has been identified as a critical dependency in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its therapeutic potential remains unclear. We describe a potent and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of ENL, TDI-11055, which displaces ENL from chromatin by blocking its YEATS domain interaction with acylated histones. Cell lines and primary patient samples carrying MLL rearrangements or NPM1 mutations are responsive to TDI-11055. A CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis screen uncovers an ENL mutation that confers resistance to TDI-11055, validating the compound's on-target activity. TDI-11055 treatment rapidly decreases chromatin occupancy of ENL-associated complexes and impairs transcription elongation, leading to suppression of key oncogenic gene expression programs and induction of differentiation. In vivo treatment with TDI-11055 blocks disease progression in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models of MLL-rearranged and NPM1-mutated AML. Our results establish ENL displacement from chromatin as a promising epigenetic therapy for molecularly defined AML subsets and support the clinical translation of this approach. SIGNIFICANCE AML is a poor-prognosis disease for which new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. We developed an orally bioavailable inhibitor of ENL, demonstrated its potent efficacy in MLL-rearranged and NPM1-mutated AML, and determined its mechanisms of action. These biological and chemical insights will facilitate both basic research and clinical translation. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qinglan Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fatemeh Alikarami
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Declan R. Barrett
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leila Mahdavi
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hangpeng Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of the School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sylvia Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanweer A. Khan
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mayako Michino
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York
| | - Connor Hill
- Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | - Lele Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Nigel Liverton
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Simon Taylor
- Pharmaron Drug Discovery, Pharmaron UK, West Hill Innovation Park, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian F. Watt
- Pharmaron Drug Discovery, Pharmaron UK, West Hill Innovation Park, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tammy Ladduwahetty
- Pharmaron Drug Discovery, Pharmaron UK, West Hill Innovation Park, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stacia Kargman
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York.,Bridge Medicines, New York, New York
| | - Peter T. Meinke
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael A. Foley
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Haitao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Carroll
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Alessandro Gardini
- Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J. Huggins
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kathrin M. Bernt
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Authors: Liling Wan, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, RM751, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-898-3116; E-mail: ; and Kathrin M. Bernt, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Center, Room 3064, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-370-3171; E-mail:
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Authors: Liling Wan, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, RM751, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-898-3116; E-mail: ; and Kathrin M. Bernt, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Center, Room 3064, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-370-3171; E-mail:
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4
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Veerman JJN, Bruseker YB, Damen E, Heijne EH, van Bruggen W, Hekking KFW, Winkel R, Hupp CD, Keefe AD, Liu J, Thomson HA, Zhang Y, Cuozzo JW, McRiner AJ, Mulvihill MJ, van Rijnsbergen P, Zech B, Renzetti LM, Babiss L, Müller G. Discovery of 2,4-1 H-Imidazole Carboxamides as Potent and Selective TAK1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:555-562. [PMID: 33859795 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery of 2,4-1H-imidazole carboxamides as novel, biochemically potent, and kinome selective inhibitors of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). The target was subjected to a DNA-encoded chemical library (DECL) screen. After hit analysis a cluster of compounds was identified, which was based on a central pyrrole-2,4-1H-dicarboxamide scaffold, showing remarkable kinome selectivity. A scaffold-hop to the corresponding imidazole resulted in increased biochemical potency. Next, X-ray crystallography revealed a distinct binding mode compared to other TAK1 inhibitors. A benzylamide was found in a perpendicular orientation with respect to the core hinge-binding imidazole. Additionally, an unusual amide flip was observed in the kinase hinge region. Using structure-based drug design (SBDD), key substitutions at the pyrrolidine amide and the glycine resulted in a significant increase in biochemical potency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yorik B. Bruseker
- Mercachem BV, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy Damen
- Mercachem BV, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Heijne
- Mercachem BV, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy van Bruggen
- Mercachem BV, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen F. W. Hekking
- Mercachem BV, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Winkel
- Mercachem BV, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D. Hupp
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Anthony D. Keefe
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Julie Liu
- Civetta Therapeutics, 10 Wilson Road, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Heather A. Thomson
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - John W. Cuozzo
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Andrew J. McRiner
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | - Peter van Rijnsbergen
- Mercachem BV, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Zech
- AnavoTherapeutics BV, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lee Babiss
- Wilmington, North Carolina 28405, United States
| | - Gerhard Müller
- AnavoTherapeutics BV, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Cuozzo JW, Clark MA, Keefe AD, Kohlmann A, Mulvihill M, Ni H, Renzetti LM, Resnicow DI, Ruebsam F, Sigel EA, Thomson HA, Wang C, Xie Z, Zhang Y. Novel Autotaxin Inhibitor for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Clinical Candidate Discovered Using DNA-Encoded Chemistry. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7840-7856. [PMID: 32584034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the secreted phosphodiesterase autotaxin produces the inflammatory signaling molecule LPA and has been associated with a number of human diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We screened a single DNA-encoded chemical library (DECL) of 225 million compounds and identified a series of potent inhibitors. Optimization of this series led to the discovery of compound 1 (X-165), a highly potent, selective, and bioavailable small molecule. Cocrystallization of compound 1 with human autotaxin demonstrated that it has a novel binding mode occupying both the hydrophobic pocket and a channel near the autotaxin active site. Compound 1 inhibited the production of LPA in human and mouse plasma at nanomolar levels and showed efficacy in a mouse model of human lung fibrosis. After successfully completing IND-enabling studies, compound 1 was approved by the FDA for a Phase I clinical trial. These results demonstrate that DECL hits can be readily optimized into clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Cuozzo
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Matthew A Clark
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Anthony D Keefe
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Anna Kohlmann
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Mark Mulvihill
- X-Rx, Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 1060, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Haihong Ni
- BioDuro, LLC, Building E, No. 29 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Louis M Renzetti
- X-Rx, Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 1060, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Daniel I Resnicow
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Frank Ruebsam
- BioDuro, LLC, Building E, No. 29 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Eric A Sigel
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Heather A Thomson
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Ce Wang
- BioDuro, LLC, Building E, No. 29 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhifeng Xie
- BioDuro, LLC, Building E, No. 29 Life Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem, Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Suite 101, Waltham, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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6
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Tannu SA, Renzetti LM, Tare N, Ventre JD, Lavelle D, Lin TA, Morschauser A, Paciorek J, Bolin DR, Michel H, Singer L, Hargaden M, Knowles I, Gardiner P, Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Matera MG, Hicks A. Dual bronchodilatory and pulmonary anti-inflammatory activity of RO5024118, a novel agonist at vasoactive intestinal peptide VPAC2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:1329-42. [PMID: 20735404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vasoactive intestinal peptide is expressed in the respiratory tract and induces its effects via its receptors, VPAC(1) and VPAC(2). RO5024118 is a selective VPAC(2) receptor agonist derived via chemical modification of an earlier VPAC(2) agonist, RO0251553. In the present studies, we characterized the pharmacological activity of RO5024118. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Stability of RO5024118 to human neutrophil elastase was assessed. Bronchodilatory activity of RO5024118 was investigated in guinea pig and human isolated airway smooth muscle preparations and in a guinea pig bronchoconstriction model. Pulmonary anti-inflammatory activity of RO5024118 was investigated in a lipopolysaccharide mouse model and in a porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) rat model. KEY RESULTS RO5024118 demonstrated increased stability to neutrophil elastase compared with RO0251553. In human and guinea pig isolated airway preparations, RO5024118 induced bronchodilatory effects comparable with RO0251553 and the long-acting β-agonist salmeterol and was significantly more potent than native vasoactive intestinal peptide and the short-acting β-agonist salbutamol. In 5-HT-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, RO5024118 exhibited inhibitory activity with similar efficacy as, and longer duration than, RO0251553. In a lipopolysaccharide-mouse model, RO5024118 inhibited neutrophil and CD8(+) cells and myeloperoxidase levels. In rats, intratracheal instillation of PPE induced airway neutrophilia that was resistant to dexamethasone. Pretreatment with RO5024118 significantly inhibited PPE-induced neutrophil accumulation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate that RO5024118 induces dual bronchodilatory and pulmonary anti-inflammatory activity and may be beneficial in treating airway obstructive and inflammatory diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Analytical Receptor Pharmacology in Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2010.161.issue-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tannu
- RNA Therapeutics, Roche, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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7
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Lin TA, Kourteva G, Hilton H, Li H, Tare NS, Carvajal V, Hang JS, Wei X, Renzetti LM. The mRNA level of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 is a marker for CRTH2 activation in human whole blood in vitro. Biomarkers 2010; 15:646-54. [PMID: 20858065 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.511266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CRTH2 is one of the prostaglandin D₂ receptors and plays a proinflammatory role in allergic diseases. Gene expression markers in whole blood induced by CRTH2 activation have not previously been reported. Using microarray analyses of 54 675 genes, we revealed modest gene expression changes in human whole blood stimulated in vitro by a selective CRTH2 agonist, DK-PGD₂. Five genes were found to exhibit 1.5- to 2.6-fold changes in expression. The expression of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 (CLC/Gal-10) in particular was consistently enhanced in human whole blood stimulated by DK-PGD₂, as confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. DK-PGD(2)-induced increases in blood CLC/Gal-10 mRNA levels were largely attenuated by the CRTH2 antagonist CAY10471.Thus, the DK-PGD₂-induced CLC/Gal-10 mRNA level can serve as a potential marker for monitoring pharmacodynamic effects of blood exposure to CRTH2 modulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-An Lin
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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8
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Hicks A, Kourteva G, Hilton H, Li H, Lin TA, Liao W, Li Y, Wei X, March T, Benson J, Renzetti LM. Cellular and molecular characterization of ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation in the Cynomolgus monkey. Inflammation 2010; 33:144-56. [PMID: 19941046 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cellular and molecular effects of ozone exposure in Cynomolgus monkeys. Thirty-six Cynomolgus monkeys were exposed to single or repeat ozone challenge. Pulmonary inflammation was assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and histology. Gene expression profiling in lung and blood was performed. Ozone challenge evoked BAL cellular inflammation and increases in total protein, alkaline phosphatase and cytokines. Lung histology revealed cellular inflammation and epithelial necrosis. Gene expression profiling identified oxidative phosphorylation, immune response and cell adhesion pathways altered in response to ozone, with common and unique profiles in lung and blood. Lipocalin 2, CD177, the FK-506 and S100A8 binding proteins and ST-2 represent novel peripheral biomarkers of ozone toxicity. Repeat ozone challenge evoked reproducible inflammation but attenuated cell damage. These studies provide data on the molecular mechanisms and biomarker identification of ozone-evoked toxicity, and support the use of the Cynomolgus monkey as a model of human ozone challenge.
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9
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Goodnow RA, Hicks A, Sidduri A, Kowalczyk A, Dominique R, Qiao Q, Lou JP, Gillespie P, Fotouhi N, Tilley J, Cohen N, Choudhry S, Cavallo G, Tannu SA, Ventre JD, Lavelle D, Tare NS, Oh H, Lamb M, Kurylko G, Hamid R, Wright MB, Pamidimukkala A, Egan T, Gubler U, Hoffman AF, Wei X, Li YL, O’Neil J, Marcano R, Pozzani K, Molinaro T, Santiago J, Singer L, Hargaden M, Moore D, Catala AR, Chao LCF, Hermann G, Venkat R, Mancebo H, Renzetti LM. Discovery of Novel and Potent Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonists. Part 1. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3502-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qi Qiao
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry
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- ChemOvation Ltd., Graylands, Langhurst Wood Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 4QD, U.K
| | - Radhika Venkat
- Multispan Inc, 26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward, California 94545
| | - Helena Mancebo
- Multispan Inc, 26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward, California 94545
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Hicks A, Goodnow R, Cavallo G, Tannu SA, Ventre JD, Lavelle D, Lora JM, Satjawatcharaphong J, Brovarney M, Dabbagh K, Tare NS, Oh H, Lamb M, Sidduri A, Dominique R, Qiao Q, Lou JP, Gillespie P, Fotouhi N, Kowalczyk A, Kurylko G, Hamid R, Wright MB, Pamidimukkala A, Egan T, Gubler U, Hoffman AF, Wei X, Li YL, O'Neil J, Marcano R, Pozzani K, Molinaro T, Santiago J, Singer L, Hargaden M, Moore D, Catala AR, Chao LCF, Benson J, March T, Venkat R, Mancebo H, Renzetti LM. Effects of LTB4 receptor antagonism on pulmonary inflammation in rodents and non-human primates. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010; 92:33-43. [PMID: 20214997 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and elevated levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). However, the exact role of LTB4 pathways in mediating pulmonary neutrophilia and the potential therapeutic application of LTB4 receptor antagonists in these diseases remains controversial. Here we show that a novel dual BLT1 and BLT2 receptor antagonist, RO5101576, potently inhibited LTB4-evoked calcium mobilization in HL-60 cells and chemotaxis of human neutrophils. RO5101576 significantly attenuated LTB4-evoked pulmonary eosinophilia in guinea pigs. In non-human primates, RO5101576 inhibited allergen and ozone-evoked pulmonary neutrophilia, with comparable efficacy to budesonide (allergic responses). RO5101576 had no effects on LPS-evoked neutrophilia in guinea pigs and cigarette smoke-evoked neutrophilia in mice and rats. In toxicology studies RO5101576 was well-tolerated. Theses studies show differential effects of LTB4 receptor antagonism on neutrophil responses in vivo and suggest RO5101576 may represent a potential new treatment for pulmonary neutrophilia in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hicks
- Department of RNA Therapeutics, Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Hijazi Y, Welker H, Dorr AE, Frank K, Renzetti LM, Patel I. Evaluation of the effect of multiple-dose administration of R411, a dual α4β1–α4β7 integrin antagonist on the major CYP isoform activities in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 62:83-5. [PMID: 16369813 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-005-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Hijazi Y, Welker H, Dorr AE, Tang JP, Blain R, Renzetti LM, Abbas R. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of R411, a dual alpha4beta1-alpha4beta7 integrin antagonist after oral administration at single and multiple once-daily ascending doses in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 44:1368-78. [PMID: 15545307 DOI: 10.1177/0091270004270147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
R411 is a dual alpha4beta1-alpha4beta7 integrin antagonist under development for the treatment of chronic asthma. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of R411 and its active metabolite, RO0270608, in humans. A 3-part phase I trial was conducted in 132 healthy volunteers: (1) 12 subjects received 200 mg R411 as a single oral dose or 100 mg RO0270608 as an intravenous infusion in a 1-sequence crossover design; (2) 7 groups of 10 subjects received 1 of 7 single oral doses of R411 (10-1200 mg) in a parallel, placebo-controlled, ascending adaptive dose design; and (3) 5 groups of 10 subjects each received repeated oral qd doses of R411 (50-900 mg) for up to 3 weeks in a parallel, placebo-controlled, ascending adaptive dose design. The absolute bioavailability of RO0270608 (mean +/- standard deviation) after oral administration of R411 was 27% +/- 4%, and the terminal half-life was 7.33 +/- 2.29 hours. After IV infusion of RO0270608, total clearance (mean +/- standard deviation) was 19.4 +/- 7.1 L/h, and the volume of distribution was 93.1 +/- 36.1 L. After single ascending oral doses of R411, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity of active metabolite RO0270608 increased proportionally from 150 to 1200 mg (P > .05). Following repeated administration, the oral clearance was independent of time. No drug accumulation was observed, and no safety concerns were revealed up to a dose of 900 mg after up to 3 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Hijazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, PDMP-Basel, Bldg. 15/1.036, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Sidduri A, Tilley JW, Hull K, Lou JP, Kaplan G, Sheffron A, Chen L, Campbell R, Guthrie R, Huang TN, Huby N, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Renzetti LM. N-Cycloalkanoyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2475-8. [PMID: 12161161 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic structure-activity relationship investigation of the lead compound 1 resulted the identification of several N-[(substituted alkyl)cycloalkanoyl]-4-[((2,6-dichlorophenyl)carbonyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine derivatives as potent VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. The data are consistent with a model of these compounds in which these alkanoylphenylalanines reside in a compact gauche (-) bioactive conformation.
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Sidduri A, Tilley JW, Lou JP, Chen L, Kaplan G, Mennona F, Campbell R, Guthrie R, Huang TN, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Renzetti LM. N-Aroyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2479-82. [PMID: 12161162 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-benzoyl-4-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine derivatives was prepared in order to optimize the substitution on the N-benzoyl moiety for VCAM/VLA-4 antagonist activity. Disubstitution in the 2- and 6-positions is favored and a range of small alkyl and halogen are tolerated. A model of the bioactive conformation of these compounds is proposed.
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Gately MK, Renzetti LM, Magram J, Stern AS, Adorini L, Gubler U, Presky DH. The interleukin-12/interleukin-12-receptor system: role in normal and pathologic immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 1998; 16:495-521. [PMID: 9597139 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 942] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine that plays a central role in promoting type 1 T helper cell (Th1) responses and, hence, cell-mediated immunity. Its activities are mediated through a high-affinity receptor composed of two subunits, designated beta 1 and beta 2. Of these two subunits, beta 2 is more restricted in its distribution, and regulation of its expression is likely a central mechanism by which IL-12 responsiveness is controlled. Studies with neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibodies and IL-12-deficient mice have suggested that endogenous IL-12 plays an important role in the normal host defense against infection by a variety of intracellular pathogens. However, IL-12 appears also to play a central role in the genesis of some forms of immunopathology. Inhibition of IL-12 synthesis or activity may be beneficial in diseases associated with pathologic Th1 responses, such as multiple sclerosis or Crohn's disease. On the other hand, administration of recombinant IL-12 may have utility in the treatment of diseases associated with pathologic Th2 responses such as allergic disorders and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gately
- Department of Inflammation/Autoimmune Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA.
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Gater PR, Renzetti LM. Ro 45-2081, a TNF receptor fusion protein, prevents inflammatory responses in the airways. Agents Actions Suppl 1998; 49:67-71. [PMID: 9426830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8857-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The TNF receptor fusion protein, Ro 45-2081, inhibited allergic and non-allergic inflammatory responses in the airways. Treatment of sensitized guinea-pigs with Ro 45-2081 reduced allergen-induced influx of inflammatory cells into the lungs, abolished edema formation and inhibited hyperreactivity to substance P. Administration of Ro 45-2081 after allergen challenge reversed the influx of inflammatory cells into the lungs. Sephadex-induced neutrophil influx into the lungs of rats was also blocked by Ro 45-2081. The effects of Ro 45-2081 suggest that inhibitors of TNF may have potential as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Gater
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07042, USA
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Renzetti LM, Paciorek PM, Tannu SA, Rinaldi NC, Tocker JE, Wasserman MA, Gater PR. Pharmacological evidence for tumor necrosis factor as a mediator of allergic inflammation in the airways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 278:847-53. [PMID: 8768739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of inflammatory diseases of the lung. Using the TNF receptor fusion protein, Ro 45-2081, our study investigated the involvement of TNF in allergic inflammatory responses in the airways of sensitized guinea pigs and Brown-Norway rats. Sensitized guinea pigs exhibited an enhanced airway reactivity to substance P (1-10 micrograms/kg, i.v.) at 6 hr after antigen challenge which was inhibited (P < .05) by Ro 45-2081 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). Treatment with Ro 45-2081 (1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited (P < .05) the accumulation of neutrophils and total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sensitized guinea pigs examined at 6 and 24 hr postchallenge. Ro 45-2081 (3 mg/kg, i.p.) also significantly (P < .05) reduced the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage at both time points whereas a lower dose (1 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect. Ro 45-2081 (1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished antigen-induced microvascular leakage (quantified by tissue content of Evans blue dye) in the trachea and main bronchi in sensitized guinea pigs. In the Brown-Norway rat, Ro 45-2081 (1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 24 hr after antigen challenge. In both guinea pig and Brown-Norway rat models, treatment with dexamethasone (30 mg/kg, i.p., for guinea pig and 0.3 mg/kg, i.p., for Brown-Norway rat) produced virtually identical results to those obtained with Ro 45-2081. The ability of Ro 45-2081 to inhibit antigen-induced responses in sensitized animals suggests that TNF is a mediator of allergic inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Renzetti
- Inflammation/Autoimmune Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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Gater PR, Wasserman MA, Renzetti LM. Effects of Ro 47-0203 on endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6c-induced contractions of human bronchus and guinea-pig trachea. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 304:123-8. [PMID: 8813593 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin exerts a variety of biological effects in the lung which indicate that this peptide may have a role in the pathophysiology of a number of pulmonary diseases. In this study, the endothelin receptors on the human bronchus were compared with those on the guinea-pig trachea using the novel, non-peptide antagonist Ro 47-0203 (4-tert-butyl-N-[6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2,2' -bipyrimidin-4-yl]-benzenesulphonamide, non-selective for endothelin ETA over endothelin ETB receptor) and the peptide antagonist BQ123 (cyclo(-D-Val-Leu-D-Trp-D-Asp-Pro), endothelin ETA receptor selective). On the human bronchus and guinea-pig trachea, the concentration-effect curve for endothelin-1 was shifted to the right by Ro 47-0203 (100 microM) with concentration ratios of 28.2 +/- 6.8 and 39.5 +/- 13.9, respectively but lower concentrations of the antagonist had no effect. Although the concentration-effect curve for sarafotoxin S6c on the human bronchus was shifted to the right by Ro 47-0203 (30 and 100 microM, concentration ratio: 6.88 +/- 1.72 and 69.7 +/- 17.2, respectively), equivalent degrees of inhibition could be obtained on guinea-pig trachea with lower concentrations of antagonist (10 and 30 microM, concentration ratio: 6.90 +/- 1.58 and 75.8 +/- 14.1 respectively). The lack of effect of BQ123 (10 microM) and the high concentrations of Ro 47-0203 needed to show antagonism indicate that endothelin receptors on both tissues are probably the endothelin ETB subtype. Although the antagonism by Ro 47-0203 is not classically competitive, the greater effect of Ro 47-0203 against sarafotoxin S6c on the guinea-pig trachea may reflect a difference between the endothelin ETB receptors on these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Gater
- Department of Inflammation/Autoimmune Diseases, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA
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Gater PR, Wasserman MA, Paciorek PM, Renzetti LM. Inhibition of Sephadex-induced lung injury in the rat by Ro 45-2081, a tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996; 14:454-60. [PMID: 8624250 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.14.5.8624250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine produced by many cell types which may contribute to the pathophysiology of a variety of lung diseases. In this study we have used Ro 45-2081 (a soluble receptor composed of the human p55 TNF receptor and human heavy-chain immunoglobulin G) to explore the role of TNF in the acute inflammatory response in the rat lung to intravenous injection of Sephadex beads. The effects of Ro 45-2081 have also been compared with those of dexamethasone. At 24 and 72 h after Sephadex, there was a significant increase in the total number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). At 24 h, the number of neutrophils comprised around 50% of the total leukocyte number, decreasing to around 10% of total by 72 h. The eosinophil count was maintained at around 10% of the total leukocyte number. Pretreatment with either Ro 45-2081 [1 and 3 mg kg-1, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or dexamethasone (0.1 and 0.3 mg kg-1, i.p.) inhibited the neutrophilia at 24 h after Sephadex, although Ro 45-2081 had no significant effect on total cell number. At 72 h after Sephadex, Ro 45-2081 (1 and 3 mg kg-1, i.p., daily) significantly reduced the neutrophil influx into BALF but had no inhibitory effect on eosinophil number. In contrast, dexamethasone (0.1 and 0.3 mg kg-1, i.p., daily) virtually abolished the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils into BALF. The lack of effect of Ro 45-2081 on eosinophil infiltration into the rat lung and the inhibition caused by dexamethasone suggest that factors other than TNF are involved in this part of the inflammatory response induced by Sephadex. However, the inhibitory effects of Ro 45-2081 show that TNF may play an important role in the recruitment of neutrophils into the lungs of Sephadex-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Gater
- Department of Inflammation/Autoimmune Disease, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110-1199
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Wasserman MA, Welton AF, Renzetti LM. Synergism exhibited by LTD4 and PAF receptor antagonists in decreasing antigen-induced airway microvascular leakage. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 1995; 23:271-273. [PMID: 7732851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Wasserman
- Department of Bronchopulmonary Research, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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Renzetti LM, Wang MB, Ryan JP. Modulation of cat antral slow waves by ion substitution, Ca2+ and K+ channel blockade, and ACh stimulation. Am J Physiol 1992; 263:G880-6. [PMID: 1476195 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.6.g880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct slow waves can be recorded from smooth muscle cells on the submucosal border (submucosal cells) and the myenteric border (myenteric cells) in the circular layer of the cat antrum. The present studies examined the effects of decreasing extracellular Na+ ([Na+]o) or Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o), Ca2+ and K+ channel blockade, and acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation on "submucosal" and "myenteric" slow waves using intracellular recording techniques. Decreasing [Na+]o (30 mM) reduced the upstroke depolarization of slow waves from submucosal cells but had no effect on the upstroke depolarization of myenteric cells. Decreasing [Ca2+]o (0.5 mM) decreased the upstroke depolarization in cells from each area. Neither cadmium (200 microM) nor nifedipine (100 microM) had any effect on the upstroke depolarizations from both submucosal and myenteric slow waves. In contrast, nickel (5 mM), a nonselective Ca2+ channel blocker, decreased the upstroke depolarizations of slow waves from submucosal and myenteric cells. Slow waves from myenteric cells normally exhibit a plateau phase of several seconds duration. The amplitude of the plateau potential could be decreased by lowering [Na+]o or [Ca2+]o or by nickel, cadmium or nifedipine. In the presence of 30 mM Na+ slow waves from submucosal cells appeared to develop plateau potentials. K+ channel blockade with tetrabutylammonium (TBA, 5 mM) or cesium (10 mM) increased the upstroke depolarization and delayed membrane repolarization in slow waves from submucosal cells. TBA and cesium also increased the upstroke depolarization from myenteric cells but did not delay membrane repolarization. ACh (1 and 3 microM) caused the generation of plateau potentials in slow waves from submucosal cells and increased slow-wave duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Renzetti
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
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Renzetti LM, Shenvi A, Buckner CK. Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic contractile responses of the guinea pig hilar bronchus involve the preferential activation of tachykinin neurokinin2 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 262:957-63. [PMID: 1326630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were designed to characterize receptor(s) that mediate nonadrenergic, noncholinergic contractions of the guinea pig hilar bronchus using selective neurokinin (NK)1 (CP 96,345) and NK2 (R396 and MEN 10,376) tachykinin receptor antagonists. Left and right hilar bronchi were studied as pairs in the presence of atropine, propranolol, phentolamine; indomethacin and thiorphan. (2S, 3S)-cis-2-(diphenylmethyl)-N-(2-methoxyphe nyl)-1-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-3-amine (CP 96,345) selectively antagonized contractions of the bronchus to the NK1 agonist Ac-[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]-SP(6-11) with a -log molar KB value of about 8.0. Similarly, Ac-Leu-Asp-Gln-Trp-Phe-Gly-NH2 (R396) and [Tyr5, D-Trp6,8,9, Lys10]-NKA(4-10) (MEN 10,376) selectively antagonized contractions to the NK2 agonist [beta Ala8]-NKA(4-10) with -log molar KB values of about 5.5 and 6.7, respectively. CP 96,345 (3 x 10(-7) M) had no effect on contractions evoked by transmural electrical stimulation (TES). However, both R396 (1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-4) M) and MEN 10,376 (1 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-5) M) caused blockade of responses to TES. CP 96,345 (3 x 10(-7) M) antagonized TES-induced contractions only when studied after substantial blockade by R396 or MEN 10,376. Contractions to TES were not abolished by R396, MEN 10,376 or a combination of these antagonists with CP 96,345. R396 (1 x 10(-6) M) increased the maximum contraction to TES and potentiated the frequency-response curve in bronchi treated with MEN 10,376 (1 x 10(-6) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Renzetti
- Department of Pharmacology, ICI Pharmaceuticals Group, ICI Americas Inc., Wilmington, Delaware
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Renzetti LM, Wang MB, Ryan JP. Electrical slow-wave activity from the circular layer of cat terminal antrum. Am J Physiol 1991; 261:G78-82. [PMID: 1858889 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.1.g78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular recording techniques were used to characterize the electrical slow-wave activity through the thickness of the circular muscle layer of the cat terminal antrum. Muscle strips were pinned out in cross section to the floor of a recording chamber perfused with Krebs buffer. Circular muscle cells from the myenteric to the submucosal border then were impaled with 20- to 40-M omega glass microelectrodes, and slow-wave activity was recorded. Slow waves from the myenteric side of the circular layer consisted of an upstroke depolarization, a prominent plateau phase, and a downstroke repolarization. Slow-wave characteristics for cells along the myenteric border were Em, -74.2 +/- 1.3 mV; duration, 5.3 +/- 0.5 s; upstroke amplitude, 29.4 +/- 3.4 mV; upstroke velocity, 0.20 +/- 0.03 V/s; and frequency, 5.8 +/- 0.5/min. Slow waves from muscle cells along the submucosal side of the preparation lacked a discernible plateau phase. Slow waves from submucosal border cells had the following characteristics: Em, -80.4 +/- 1.4 mV (P less than 0.01); duration, 3.5 +/- 0.4 s (P less than 0.01); upstroke amplitude, 44.0 +/- 2.4 mV (P less than 0.01); upstroke velocity, 0.56 +/- 0.06 V/s (P less than 0.01); and frequency, 4.2 +/- 0.4/min (P less than 0.05). Slow waves were not affected by 10(-7)M tetrodotoxin and 10(-6)M atropine or by removal of the longitudinal muscle layer. Slow-wave activity within each region was maintained after dissecting the circular layer into submucosal and myenteric segments. The results suggest that two distinct slow waves exist within the circular muscle layer of the cat terminal antrum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Renzetti
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
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Abstract
Studies were performed to evaluate the contribution of intracellular Ca2+ to gallbladder smooth muscle contraction under acetylcholine (ACh) or potassium stimulation. Gallbladder smooth muscle strips from adult guinea pigs were placed in tissue baths containing N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered physiological salt solution (PSS) and set to optimal length for contraction (Lo). The results were as follows, 1) A 20-min equilibration in zero Ca2(+)-0.1 mM ethylene glycol-bis( beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) PSS virtually abolished the response to potassium but not to ACh. 2) Substitution of strontium, an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ release, for Ca2+ significantly decreased the contractile response to ACh (3 X 10(-5), 10(-4), and 3 X 10(-4) M). Strontium had no effect on the response to 40 and 80 mM potassium. 3) Intracellular Ca2+ depletion significantly decreased gallbladder smooth muscle contraction to ACh (10(-4) M) but had no effect on the response to potassium (80 mM). 4) Ryanodine, a compound that inhibits Ca2+ storage by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, significantly decreased the contractile response to ACh (10(-4) M) but not to potassium (80 mM). These data support the observation that the use of intracellular Ca2+ by gallbladder smooth muscle for contraction is agonist dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Renzetti
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
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