1
|
Lisauskaitė M, Nixon GL, Woodley CM, Berry NG, Coninckx A, Qie LC, Leung SC, Taramelli D, Basilico N, Parapini S, Ward SA, Vadas O, Soldati-Favre D, Hong WD, O'Neill PM. Design, synthesis and modelling of photoreactive chemical probes for investigating target engagement of plasmepsin IX and X in Plasmodium falciparum. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:19-29. [PMID: 38179191 PMCID: PMC10763550 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Plasmodium parasite resistance to current front-line antimalarial treatments poses a serious threat to global malaria control and highlights the necessity for the development of therapeutics with novel targets and mechanisms of action. Plasmepsins IX and X (PMIX/PMX) have been recognised as highly promising targets in Plasmodium due to their contribution to parasite's pathogenicity. Recent research has demonstrated that dual PMIX/PMX inhibition results in the impairment of multiple parasite's life cycle stages, which is an important feature in drug resistance prevention. Herein we report novel hydroxyethylamine photoaffinity labelling (PAL) probes, designed for PMIX/PMX target engagement and proteomics experiments in Plasmodium parasites. The prepared probes have both a photoreactive group (diazirine or benzophenone) for covalent attachment to target proteins, and a terminal alkyne handle allowing their use in bioorthogonal ligation. One of the synthesised benzophenone probes was shown to be highly promising as demonstrated by its outstanding antimalarial potency (IC50 = 15 nM versus D10 P. falciparum) and its inhibitory effect against PfPMX in an enzymatic assay. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies show that the inclusion of the benzophenone and alkyne handle does not alter the binding mode compared to the parent compound. The photoaffinity probe can be used in future chemical proteomics studies to allow hydroxyethylamine drug scaffold target identification and validation in Plasmodium. We expect our findings to act as a tool for future investigations on PMIX/PMX inhibition in antimalarial drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | | | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Andy Coninckx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - L Charlie Qie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Suet C Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DISFEB), Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milano Italy
- Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Camerino Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milano Italy
- Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Camerino Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milano Italy
- Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Camerino Italy
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool L3 5QA UK
| | - Oscar Vadas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, 1 rue Michel-Servet CH-1211 Genève 4 Switzerland
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, 1 rue Michel-Servet CH-1211 Genève 4 Switzerland
| | - W David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeffreys LN, Ardrey A, Hafiz TA, Dyer LA, Warman AJ, Mosallam N, Nixon GL, Fisher NE, Hong WD, Leung SC, Aljayyoussi G, Bibby J, Almeida DV, Converse PJ, Fotouhi N, Berry NG, Nuermberger EL, Upton AM, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Identification of 2-Aryl-Quinolone Inhibitors of Cytochrome bd and Chemical Validation of Combination Strategies for Respiratory Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:221-238. [PMID: 36606559 PMCID: PMC9926492 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd quinol oxidase (cyt bd), the alternative terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain, has been identified as playing a key role during chronic infection and presents a putative target for the development of novel antitubercular agents. Here, we report confirmation of successful heterologous expression of M. tuberculosis cytochrome bd. The heterologous M. tuberculosis cytochrome bd expression system was used to identify a chemical series of inhibitors based on the 2-aryl-quinolone pharmacophore. Cytochrome bd inhibitors displayed modest efficacy in M. tuberculosis growth suppression assays together with a bacteriostatic phenotype in time-kill curve assays. Significantly, however, inhibitor combinations containing our front-runner cyt bd inhibitor CK-2-63 with either cyt bcc-aa3 inhibitors (e.g., Q203) and/or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitors (e.g., bedaquiline) displayed enhanced efficacy with respect to the reduction of mycobacterium oxygen consumption, growth suppression, and in vitro sterilization kinetics. In vivo combinations of Q203 and CK-2-63 resulted in a modest lowering of lung burden compared to treatment with Q203 alone. The reduced efficacy in the in vivo experiments compared to in vitro experiments was shown to be a result of high plasma protein binding and a low unbound drug exposure at the target site. While further development is required to improve the tractability of cyt bd inhibitors for clinical evaluation, these data support the approach of using small-molecule inhibitors to target multiple components of the branched respiratory chain of M. tuberculosis as a combination strategy to improve therapeutic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices related to efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Jeffreys
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Alison Ardrey
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Taghreed A Hafiz
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Lauri-Anne Dyer
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Ashley J Warman
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Nada Mosallam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Nicholas E Fisher
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - W David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Suet C Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Ghaith Aljayyoussi
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Jaclyn Bibby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Deepak V Almeida
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland21205, United States
| | - Paul J Converse
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland21205, United States
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York10005, United States
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Eric L Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland21205, United States
| | - Anna M Upton
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York10005, United States.,Evotec (US) Inc., 303B College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey08540, United States
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 5QA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdou MM, Dong D, O'Neill PM, Amigues E, Matziari M. Diastereoselective synthesis of a novel phosphinic peptide as ACE inhibitor: Fragment-based design approach. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
4
|
Abdou MM, O'Neill PM, Amigues E, Matziari M. Structure-based bioisosteric design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidines as antiplasmodial antifolate agents. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
5
|
Jeffreys LN, Pennington SH, Duggan J, Caygill CH, Lopeman RC, Breen AF, Jinks JB, Ardrey A, Donnellan S, Patterson EI, Hughes GL, Hong DW, O'Neill PM, Aljayyoussi G, Owen A, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Remdesivir-ivermectin combination displays synergistic interaction with improved in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 59:106542. [PMID: 35093538 PMCID: PMC8801767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A key element for the prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 is the development of effective therapeutics. Drug combination strategies offer several advantages over monotherapies. They have the potential to achieve greater efficacy, to increase the therapeutic index of drugs and to reduce the emergence of drug resistance. We assessed the in vitro synergistic interaction between remdesivir and ivermectin, both approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and demonstrated enhanced antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Whilst the in vitro synergistic activity reported here does not support the clinical application of this combination treatment strategy due to insufficient exposure of ivermectin in vivo, the data do warrant further investigation. Efforts to define the mechanisms underpinning the observed synergistic action could lead to the development of novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Johnston KL, Hong WD, Turner JD, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Taylor MJ. Anti-Wolbachia drugs for filariasis. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:1068-1081. [PMID: 34229954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mutualistic association between Wolbachia endosymbionts and their filarial nematode hosts has been exploited as a validated drug target delivering macrofilaricidal outcomes. Limitations of existing antibiotics to scale-up have driven the search for new drugs, which are effective in shorter regimens of 7 days or less. Here, we review the last 14 years of anti-Wolbachia drug discovery by the anti-Wolbachia (A·WOL) consortium, which has screened more than two million compounds, delivering thousands of hit compounds. Refined screening models integrated with robust pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) driven optimisation and selection strategies have delivered the first two drug candidates specifically designed to target Wolbachia. AWZ1066S and ABBV-4083 are currently progressing through clinical trials with the aim of delivering safe and effective macrofilaricides to support the elimination of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Johnston
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; School of Life Sciences, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - W David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph D Turner
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark J Taylor
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chu CSM, Simpson JD, O'Neill PM, Berry NG. Machine learning - Predicting Ames mutagenicity of small molecules. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 109:108011. [PMID: 34555723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In modern drug discovery, detection of a compound's potential mutagenicity is crucial. However, the traditional method of mutagenicity detection using the Ames test is costly and time consuming as the compounds need to be synthesised and then tested and the results are not always accurate and reproducible. Therefore, it would be advantageous to develop robust in silico models which can accurately predict the mutagenicity of a compound prior to synthesis to overcome the inadequacies of the Ames test. After curation of a previously defined compound mutagenicity library, over 5000 molecules had their chemical fingerprints and molecular properties calculated. Using 8 classification modelling algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), a total of 112 predictive models have been constructed. Their performance has been assessed using 10-fold cross validation and a hold-out test set and some of the top performing models have been assessed using the y-randomisation approach. As a result, we have found SVM and XGB models to have good performance during the 10-fold cross validation (AUROC >0.90, sensitivity >0.85, specificity >0.75, balanced accuracy >0.80, Kappa >0.65) and on the test set (AUROC >0.65, sensitivity >0.65, specificity >0.60, balanced accuracy >0.65, Kappa >0.30). We have also identified molecular properties that are the most influential for mutagenicity prediction when combined with chemical molecular fingerprints. Using the Class A mutagenic compounds from the Ames/QSAR International Challenge Project, we were able to verify our models perform better, predicting more mutagens correctly then the StarDrop Ames mutagenicity prediction and TEST mutagenicity prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine S M Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Jack D Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amado PSM, Frija LMT, Coelho JAS, O'Neill PM, Cristiano MLS. Synthesis of Non-symmetrical Dispiro-1,2,4,5-Tetraoxanes and Dispiro-1,2,4-Trioxanes Catalyzed by Silica Sulfuric Acid. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10608-10620. [PMID: 34279102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel protocol for the preparation of non-symmetrical 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes and 1,2,4-trioxanes, promoted by the heterogeneous silica sulfuric acid (SSA) catalyst, is reported. Different ketones react under mild conditions with gem-dihydroperoxides or peroxysilyl alcohols/β-hydroperoxy alcohols to generate the corresponding endoperoxides in good yields. Our mechanistic proposal, assisted by molecular orbital calculations, at the ωB97XD/def2-TZVPP/PCM(DCM)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory, enhances the role of SSA in the cyclocondensation step. This novel procedure differs from previously reported methods by using readily available and inexpensive reagents, with recyclable properties, thereby establishing a valid alternative approach for the synthesis of new biologically active endoperoxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S M Amado
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FCT, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K
| | - Luís M T Frija
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jaime A S Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K
| | - Maria L S Cristiano
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FCT, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Woodley CM, Amado PSM, Cristiano MLS, O'Neill PM. Artemisinin inspired synthetic endoperoxide drug candidates: Design, synthesis, and mechanism of action studies. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3062-3095. [PMID: 34355414 DOI: 10.1002/med.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) have been used as the first-line treatments against Plasmodium falciparum malaria for decades. Recent advances in chemical proteomics have shed light on the complex mechanism of action of semi-synthetic artemisinin (ARTs), particularly their promiscuous alkylation of parasite proteins via previous heme-mediated bioactivation of the endoperoxide bond. Alarmingly, the rise of resistance to ART in South East Asia and the synthetic limitations of the ART scaffold have pushed the course for the necessity of fully synthetic endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several classes of synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials have been described in literature utilizing various endoperoxide warheads including 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Two of these classes, the 1,2,4-trioxolanes (arterolane and artefenomel) and the 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes (N205 and E209) based antimalarials, have been explored extensively and are still in active development. In contrast, the most recent publication pertaining to the development of the 1,2-dioxane, Arteflene, and 1,2,4-trioxanes fenozan-50F, DU1301, and PA1103/SAR116242 was published in 2008. This review summarizes the synthesis, biological and clinical evaluation, and mechanistic studies of the most developed synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, providing an update on those classes still in active development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia S M Amado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria L S Cristiano
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Woodley CM, Nixon GL, Basilico N, Parapini S, Hong WD, Ward SA, Biagini GA, Leung SC, Taramelli D, Onuma K, Hasebe T, O'Neill PM. Enantioselective Synthesis and Profiling of Potent, Nonlinear Analogues of Antimalarial Tetraoxanes E209 and N205. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1077-1085. [PMID: 34267877 PMCID: PMC8274084 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, such as 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, are promising successors for current front-line antimalarials, semisynthetic artemisinin derivatives. However, limited solubility of second-generation analogues in biological-relevant media represents a barrier in clinical development. We present methodology for the synthesis of nonlinear analogues of second-generation tetraoxane antimalarials E209 and N205 to investigate reduced molecular symmetry on in vitro antimalarial activity and physicochemical properties. While maintaining good antimalarial activity and metabolic stability, head-to-head comparison of linear and nonlinear counterparts showed up to 10-fold improvement in FaSSIF solubility for three of the four analogues studied. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats comparing a selected nonlinear analogue 14a and its parent N205 showed improvement on oral absorption and exposure in vivo with more than double the AUC and a significant increase in oral bioavailability (76% versus 41%). These findings provide support for further in vivo efficacy studies in preclinical animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics. Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics. Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Suet C Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Keiko Onuma
- Eisai Co.,Ltd. Tsukuba Research Laboratories, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasebe
- Eisai Co.,Ltd. Tsukuba Research Laboratories, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amporndanai K, Meng X, Shang W, Jin Z, Rogers M, Zhao Y, Rao Z, Liu ZJ, Yang H, Zhang L, O'Neill PM, Samar Hasnain S. Inhibition mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by ebselen and its derivatives. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3061. [PMID: 34031399 PMCID: PMC8144557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has triggered global efforts to develop therapeutics. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro), critical for viral replication, is a key target for therapeutic development. An organoselenium drug called ebselen has been demonstrated to have potent Mpro inhibition and antiviral activity. We have examined the binding modes of ebselen and its derivative in Mpro via high resolution co-crystallography and investigated their chemical reactivity via mass spectrometry. Stronger Mpro inhibition than ebselen and potent ability to rescue infected cells were observed for a number of derivatives. A free selenium atom bound with cysteine of catalytic dyad has been revealed in crystallographic structures of Mpro with ebselen and MR6-31-2 suggesting hydrolysis of the enzyme bound organoselenium covalent adduct and formation of a phenolic by-product, confirmed by mass spectrometry. The target engagement with selenation mechanism of inhibition suggests wider therapeutic applications of these compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and other zoonotic beta-corona viruses. Ebselen is an organoselenium drug that inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Here, the authors co-crystallised Mpro with ebselen and an ebselen derivative and observed an enzyme bound organoselenium covalent adduct in the crystal structures, which was also confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangsa Amporndanai
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Biochemistry and System Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Weijuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenmig Jin
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Michael Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Yao Zhao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - S Samar Hasnain
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Biochemistry and System Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rajoli RKR, Pertinez H, Arshad U, Box H, Tatham L, Curley P, Neary M, Sharp J, Liptrott NJ, Valentijn A, David C, Rannard SP, Aljayyoussi G, Pennington SH, Hill A, Boffito M, Ward SA, Khoo SH, Bray PG, O'Neill PM, Hong WD, Biagini GA, Owen A. Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:2078-2088. [PMID: 33085781 PMCID: PMC8056737 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic and urgent treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Nitazoxanide, an anthelmintic drug, has been shown to exhibit in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. The present study used physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to inform optimal doses of nitazoxanide capable of maintaining plasma and lung tizoxanide exposures above the reported SARS-CoV-2 EC90 . METHODS A whole-body PBPK model was validated against available pharmacokinetic data for healthy individuals receiving single and multiple doses between 500 and 4000 mg with and without food. The validated model was used to predict doses expected to maintain tizoxanide plasma and lung concentrations above the EC90 in >90% of the simulated population. PopDes was used to estimate an optimal sparse sampling strategy for future clinical trials. RESULTS The PBPK model was successfully validated against the reported human pharmacokinetics. The model predicted optimal doses of 1200 mg QID, 1600 mg TID and 2900 mg BID in the fasted state and 700 mg QID, 900 mg TID and 1400 mg BID when given with food. For BID regimens an optimal sparse sampling strategy of 0.25, 1, 3 and 12 hours post dose was estimated. CONCLUSION The PBPK model predicted tizoxanide concentrations within doses of nitazoxanide already given to humans previously. The reported dosing strategies provide a rational basis for design of clinical trials with nitazoxanide for the treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A concordant higher dose of nitazoxanide is now planned for investigation in the seamless phase I/IIa AGILE trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajith K. R. Rajoli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Henry Pertinez
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Usman Arshad
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Helen Box
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lee Tatham
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Paul Curley
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Megan Neary
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joanne Sharp
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Anthony Valentijn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Christopher David
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - Ghaith Aljayyoussi
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Shaun H. Pennington
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Andrew Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Marta Boffito
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust and St Stephen's AIDS Trust 4th FloorChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK
- Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Department of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Steve A. Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Saye H. Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - W. David Hong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Giancarlo A. Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amporndanai K, Rogers M, Watanabe S, Yamanaka K, O'Neill PM, Hasnain SS. Novel Selenium-based compounds with therapeutic potential for SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102980. [PMID: 32862101 PMCID: PMC7456458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease as well as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurological disorder selectively affecting motor neurons with no currently known cure. Around 20% of the familial ALS cases arise from dominant mutations in the sod1 gene encoding superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) enzyme. Aggregation of mutant SOD1 in familial cases and of wild-type SOD1 in at least some sporadic ALS cases is one of the known causes of the disease. Riluzole, approved in 1995 and edaravone in 2017 remain the only drugs with limited therapeutic benefits. Methods We have utilised the ebselen template to develop novel compounds that redeem stability of mutant SOD1 dimer and prevent aggregation. Binding modes of compounds have been visualised by crystallography. In vitro neuroprotection and toxicity of lead compounds have been performed in mouse neuronal cells and disease onset delay of ebselen has been demonstrated in transgenic ALS mice model. Finding We have developed a number of ebselen-based compounds with improvements in A4V SOD1 stabilisation and in vitro therapeutic effects with significantly better potency than edaravone. Structure-activity relationship of hits has been guided by high resolution structures of ligand-bound A4V SOD1. We also show clear disease onset delay of ebselen in transgenic ALS mice model holding encouraging promise for potential therapeutic compounds. Interpretation Our finding established the new generation of organo-selenium compounds with better in vitro neuroprotective activity than edaravone. The potential of this class of compounds may offer an alternative therapeutic agent for ALS treatment. The ability of these compounds to target cysteine 111 in SOD may have wider therapeutic applications targeting cysteines of enzymes involved in pathogenic and viral diseases including main protease of SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19). Funding Project funding was supported by the 10.13039/100000971ALS Association grant (WA1128) and Fostering Joint International Research (19KK0214) from the 10.13039/100009950Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (10.13039/501100001700MEXT), Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangsa Amporndanai
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Biochemistry and System Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Neuroscience & Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience & Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - S Samar Hasnain
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Biochemistry and System Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rajoli RK, Pertinez H, Arshad U, Box H, Tatham L, Curley P, Neary M, Sharp J, Liptrott NJ, Valentijn A, David C, Rannard SP, Aljayyoussi G, Pennington SH, Hill A, Boffito M, Ward SA, Khoo SH, Bray PG, O'Neill PM, Hong WD, Biagini G, Owen A. Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis. medRxiv 2020:2020.05.01.20087130. [PMID: 32511548 PMCID: PMC7274229 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation and urgent treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Many clinical trials have been initiated with existing medications, but assessments of the expected plasma and lung exposures at the selected doses have not featured in the prioritisation process. Although no antiviral data is currently available for the major phenolic circulating metabolite of nitazoxanide (known as tizoxanide), the parent ester drug has been shown to exhibit in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. Nitazoxanide is an anthelmintic drug and its metabolite tizoxanide has been described to have broad antiviral activity against influenza and other coronaviruses. The present study used physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to inform optimal doses of nitazoxanide capable of maintaining plasma and lung tizoxanide exposures above the reported nitazoxanide 90% effective concentration (EC 90 ) against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A whole-body PBPK model was constructed for oral administration of nitazoxanide and validated against available tizoxanide pharmacokinetic data for healthy individuals receiving single doses between 500 mg SARS-CoV-2 4000 mg with and without food. Additional validation against multiple-dose pharmacokinetic data when given with food was conducted. The validated model was then used to predict alternative doses expected to maintain tizoxanide plasma and lung concentrations over the reported nitazoxanide EC 90 in >90% of the simulated population. Optimal design software PopDes was used to estimate an optimal sparse sampling strategy for future clinical trials. RESULTS The PBPK model was validated with AAFE values between 1.01 SARS-CoV-2 1.58 and a difference less than 2-fold between observed and simulated values for all the reported clinical doses. The model predicted optimal doses of 1200 mg QID, 1600 mg TID, 2900 mg BID in the fasted state and 700 mg QID, 900 mg TID and 1400 mg BID when given with food, to provide tizoxanide plasma and lung concentrations over the reported in vitro EC 90 of nitazoxanide against SARS-CoV-2. For BID regimens an optimal sparse sampling strategy of 0.25, 1, 3 and 12h post dose was estimated. CONCLUSION The PBPK model predicted that it was possible to achieve plasma and lung tizoxanide concentrations, using proven safe doses of nitazoxanide, that exceed the EC 90 for SARS-CoV-2. The PBPK model describing tizoxanide plasma pharmacokinetics after oral administration of nitazoxanide was successfully validated against clinical data. This dose prediction assumes that the tizoxanide metabolite has activity against SARS-CoV-2 similar to that reported for nitazoxanide, as has been reported for other viruses. The model and the reported dosing strategies provide a rational basis for the design (optimising plasma and lung exposures) of future clinical trials of nitazoxanide in the treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chantadul V, Wright GSA, Amporndanai K, Shahid M, Antonyuk SV, Washbourn G, Rogers M, Roberts N, Pye M, O'Neill PM, Hasnain SS. Ebselen as template for stabilization of A4V mutant dimer for motor neuron disease therapy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:97. [PMID: 32139772 PMCID: PMC7058017 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations to the gene encoding superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) were the first genetic elements discovered that cause motor neuron disease (MND). These mutations result in compromised SOD1 dimer stability, with one of the severest and most common mutations Ala4Val (A4V) displaying a propensity to monomerise and aggregate leading to neuronal death. We show that the clinically used ebselen and related analogues promote thermal stability of A4V SOD1 when binding to Cys111 only. We have developed a A4V SOD1 differential scanning fluorescence-based assay on a C6S mutation background that is effective in assessing suitability of compounds. Crystallographic data show that the selenium atom of these compounds binds covalently to A4V SOD1 at Cys111 at the dimer interface, resulting in stabilisation. This together with chemical amenability for hit expansion of ebselen and its on-target SOD1 pharmacological chaperone activity holds remarkable promise for structure-based therapeutics for MND using ebselen as a template.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varunya Chantadul
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Gareth S A Wright
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kangsa Amporndanai
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Munazza Shahid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Punjab, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Svetlana V Antonyuk
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Gina Washbourn
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Michael Rogers
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Natalie Roberts
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Matthew Pye
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - S Samar Hasnain
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rolt A, O'Neill PM, Liang TJ, Stachulski AV. Synthesis of MeBmt and related derivatives via syn-selective ATH-DKR. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40336-40339. [PMID: 32864110 PMCID: PMC7437948 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08256e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The unusual α-amino, β-hydroxy acid MeBmt is a key structural feature of cyclosporin A, an important naturally occurring immunosuppressant and antiviral agent. We present a convergent synthesis of MeBmt which relies on new aspects of dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) to establish simultaneously the chirality at C(2) and C(3). We also show that this route is applicable to the synthesis of other derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rolt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- The Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Andrew V Stachulski
- The Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Camarda G, Jirawatcharadech P, Priestley RS, Saif A, March S, Wong MHL, Leung S, Miller AB, Baker DA, Alano P, Paine MJI, Bhatia SN, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Antimalarial activity of primaquine operates via a two-step biochemical relay. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3226. [PMID: 31324806 PMCID: PMC6642103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primaquine (PQ) is an essential antimalarial drug but despite being developed over 70 years ago, its mode of action is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxylated-PQ metabolites (OH-PQm) are responsible for efficacy against liver and sexual transmission stages of Plasmodium falciparum. The antimalarial activity of PQ against liver stages depends on host CYP2D6 status, whilst OH-PQm display direct, CYP2D6-independent, activity. PQ requires hepatic metabolism to exert activity against gametocyte stages. OH-PQm exert modest antimalarial efficacy against parasite gametocytes; however, potency is enhanced ca.1000 fold in the presence of cytochrome P450 NADPH:oxidoreductase (CPR) from the liver and bone marrow. Enhancement of OH-PQm efficacy is due to the direct reduction of quinoneimine metabolites by CPR with the concomitant and excessive generation of H2O2, leading to parasite killing. This detailed understanding of the mechanism paves the way to rationally re-designed 8-aminoquinolines with improved pharmacological profiles. Primaquine (PQ) is a widely used anti-malaria drug, but its mechanism of action is unclear. Here, Camarda et al. show that PQ’s activity against liver and sexual Plasmodium stages depends on generation of hydroxylated-PQ metabolites (OH-PQm), which, undergoing further reactions, results in production of H2O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Camarda
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Piyaporn Jirawatcharadech
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Richard S Priestley
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ahmed Saif
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Clinical Laboratory sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandra March
- Health Sciences and Technology/Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael H L Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Suet Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Alex B Miller
- Health Sciences and Technology/Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David A Baker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pietro Alano
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Mark J I Paine
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Health Sciences and Technology/Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Panmanee J, Bradley-Clarke J, Mato JM, O'Neill PM, Antonyuk SV, Hasnain SS. Control and regulation of S-Adenosylmethionine biosynthesis by the regulatory β subunit and quinolone-based compounds. FEBS J 2019; 286:2135-2154. [PMID: 30776190 PMCID: PMC6850014 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methylation is an underpinning process of life and provides control for biological processes such as DNA synthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis. Methionine adenosyltransferases (MAT) produce the cellular methyl donor, S‐Adenosylmethionine (SAMe). Dysregulation of SAMe level is a relevant event in many diseases, including cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer. In addition, mutation of Arg264 in MATα1 causes isolated persistent hypermethioninemia, which is characterized by low activity of the enzyme in liver and high level of plasma methionine. In mammals, MATα1/α2 and MATβV1/V2 are the catalytic and the major form of regulatory subunits, respectively. A gating loop comprising residues 113–131 is located beside the active site of catalytic subunits (MATα1/α2) and provides controlled access to the active site. Here, we provide evidence of how the gating loop facilitates the catalysis and define some of the key elements that control the catalytic efficiency. Mutation of several residues of MATα2 including Gln113, Ser114, and Arg264 lead to partial or total loss of enzymatic activity, demonstrating their critical role in catalysis. The enzymatic activity of the mutated enzymes is restored to varying degrees upon complex formation with MATβV1 or MATβV2, endorsing its role as an allosteric regulator of MATα2 in response to the levels of methionine or SAMe. Finally, the protein–protein interacting surface formed in MATα2:MATβ complexes is explored to demonstrate that several quinolone‐based compounds modulate the activity of MATα2 and its mutants, providing a rational for chemical design/intervention responsive to the level of SAMe in the cellular environment. Enzymes Methionine adenosyltransferase (http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC2/5/1/6.html). Database Structural data are available in the RCSB PDB database under the PDB ID http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6FBN (Q113A), http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6FBP (S114A: P22121), http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6FBO (S114A: I222), http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6FCB (P115G), http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6FCD (R264A), http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6FAJ (wtMATα2: apo), http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6G6R (wtMATα2: holo)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Panmanee
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jack Bradley-Clarke
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jose M Mato
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Svetlana V Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - S Samar Hasnain
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abdou MM, O'Neill PM, Amigues E, Matziari M. Phosphinic acids: current status and potential for drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:916-929. [PMID: 30481556 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinic acid derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities and a high degree of structural diversity, rendering them a versatile tool in the development of new medicinal agents. Pronounced recent progress, coupled with previous research findings, highlights the impact of this moiety in medicinal chemistry. Here, we highlight the most important breakthroughs made with phosphinates with a range of pharmacological activities against many diseases, including anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antiparasitic, antihepatitis, antiproliferative, anti-influenza, anti-HIV, antimalarial, and antimicrobial agents. We also provide the current status of the corresponding prodrugs, drug-delivery systems, and drug applications of phosphinic acids in the clinical stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, PO 11727, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK; Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Eric Amigues
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Clare RH, Bardelle C, Harper P, Hong WD, Börjesson U, Johnston KL, Collier M, Myhill L, Cassidy A, Plant D, Plant H, Clark R, Cook DAN, Steven A, Archer J, McGillan P, Charoensutthivarakul S, Bibby J, Sharma R, Nixon GL, Slatko BE, Cantin L, Wu B, Turner J, Ford L, Rich K, Wigglesworth M, Berry NG, O'Neill PM, Taylor MJ, Ward SA. Industrial scale high-throughput screening delivers multiple fast acting macrofilaricides. Nat Commun 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30602718 PMCID: PMC6315057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematodes causing lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis rely on their bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia, for survival and fecundity, making Wolbachia a promising therapeutic target. Here we perform a high-throughput screen of AstraZeneca’s 1.3 million in-house compound library and identify 5 novel chemotypes with faster in vitro kill rates (<2 days) than existing anti-Wolbachia drugs that cure onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. This industrial scale anthelmintic neglected tropical disease (NTD) screening campaign is the result of a partnership between the Anti-Wolbachia consortium (A∙WOL) and AstraZeneca. The campaign was informed throughout by rational prioritisation and triage of compounds using cheminformatics to balance chemical diversity and drug like properties reducing the chance of attrition from the outset. Ongoing development of these multiple chemotypes, all with superior time-kill kinetics than registered antibiotics with anti-Wolbachia activity, has the potential to improve upon the current therapeutic options and deliver improved, safer and more selective macrofilaricidal drugs. Parasitic nematodes causing onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis rely on a bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia, which is a validated therapeutic target. Here, Clare et al. perform a high-throughput screen of 1.3 million compounds and identify 5 chemotypes with faster kill rates than existing anti-Wolbachia drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Clare
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Catherine Bardelle
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Paul Harper
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - W David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Ulf Börjesson
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Kelly L Johnston
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Matthew Collier
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Laura Myhill
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Andrew Cassidy
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Darren Plant
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Helen Plant
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Roger Clark
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Darren A N Cook
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Andrew Steven
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - John Archer
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Paul McGillan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jaclyn Bibby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Raman Sharma
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Barton E Slatko
- Genome Biology Division, New England Biolabs, Inc, Ipswich, 01938, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey Cantin
- Genome Biology Division, New England Biolabs, Inc, Ipswich, 01938, MA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Genome Biology Division, New England Biolabs, Inc, Ipswich, 01938, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Turner
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Louise Ford
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Kirsty Rich
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Mark J Taylor
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abdou MM, Matziari M, O'Neill PM, Amigues E, Zhou R, Wang R, Ali BF. Methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate. IUCr Data 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618016620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C10H12O3, crystallizes in the orthorhombicP212121space group. The structure contains a phenolic group with the OH being coplanar with the phenyl ring. The structure exhibits significant hydrogen bonding between the O—H group of one molecule and the CO group of an adjacent one. These O—H...O=C interactions form chains of molecules parallel to thebaxis. No π–π or C—H...π intermolecular interactions are observed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu PP, He H, Hong WD, Wu TR, Huang GY, Zhong YY, Tu BR, Gao M, Zhou J, Zhao SQ, Li DL, Xu XT, Sheng ZJ, Ward SA, O'Neill PM, Zhang K. The biological evaluation of fusidic acid and its hydrogenation derivative as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1945-1957. [PMID: 30498366 PMCID: PMC6207271 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s176390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fusidic acid (FA) (WU-FA-00) is the only commercially available antimicrobial from the fusidane family that has a narrow spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Methods Herein, the hydrogenation derivative (WU-FA-01) of FA was prepared and both compounds were examined against a panel of six bacterial strains. In addition, their anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated using a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model. Results The results of the antimicrobial assay revealed that both WU-FA-00 and WU-FA-01 displayed a high level of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive strains. Moreover, killing kinetic studies were performed and the results were in accordance with the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration results. We also demonstrated that the topical application of WU-FA-00 and WU-FA-01 effectively decreased TPA-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was associated with the inhibition of TPA-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2. WU-FA-01 significantly suppressed the expression levels of p65, IκB-α, and p-IκB-α in the TPA-induced mouse ear model. Conclusion Overall, our results showed that WU-FA-00 and WU-FA-01 not only had effective antimicrobial activities in vitro, especially to the Gram-positive bacteria, but also possessed strong anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. These results provide a scientific basis for developing FA derivatives as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Wu
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Hao He
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - W David Hong
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ; .,Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Tong-Rong Wu
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Gui-Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, ;
| | - Ying-Ying Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, ;
| | - Bo-Rong Tu
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Min Gao
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Jun Zhou
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Su-Qing Zhao
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Dong-Li Li
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Zhao-Jun Sheng
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Kun Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China, ; .,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, ; .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China, ;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lawrenson AS, Cooper DL, O'Neill PM, Berry NG. Study of the antimalarial activity of 4-aminoquinoline compounds against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasite strains. J Mol Model 2018; 24:237. [PMID: 30120591 PMCID: PMC6097041 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study is concerned with identifying features of 4-aminoquinoline scaffolds that can help pinpoint characteristics that enhance activity against chloroquine-resistant parasites. Statistically valid predictive models are reported for a series of 4-aminoquinoline analogues that are active against chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Quantitative structure activity relationship techniques, based on statistical and machine learning methods such as multiple linear regression and partial least squares, were used with a novel pruning method for the selection of descriptors to develop robust models for both strains. Inspection of the dominant descriptors supports the hypothesis that chemical features that enable accumulation in the food vacuole of the parasite are key determinants of activity against both strains. The hydrophilic properties of the compounds were found to be crucial in predicting activity against the chloroquine-sensitive NF54 parasite strain, but not in the case of the chloroquine-resistant K1 strain, in line with previous studies. Additionally, the models suggest that ‘softer’ compounds tend to have improved activity for both strains than do ‘harder’ ones. The internally and externally validated models reported here should also prove useful in the future screening of potential antimalarial compounds for targeting chloroquine-resistant strains. Predictive models reveal linear relationships for activity of 4-aminoquinoline analogues active against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wong SQ, Pontifex MG, Phelan MM, Pidathala C, Kraemer BC, Barclay JW, Berry NG, O'Neill PM, Burgoyne RD, Morgan A. α-Methyl-α-phenylsuccinimide ameliorates neurodegeneration in a C. elegans model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:40-54. [PMID: 29940336 PMCID: PMC6097874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiepileptic drug ethosuximide has recently been shown to be neuroprotective in various Caenorhabditis elegans and rodent neurodegeneration models. It is therefore a promising repurposing candidate for the treatment of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, high concentrations of the drug are required for its protective effects in animal models, which may impact on its translational potential and impede the identification of its molecular mechanism of action. Therefore, we set out to develop more potent neuroprotective lead compounds based on ethosuximide as a starting scaffold. Chemoinformatic approaches were used to identify compounds with structural similarity to ethosuximide and to prioritise these based on good predicated blood-brain barrier permeability and C. elegans bioaccumulation properties. Selected compounds were initially screened for anti-convulsant activity in a C. elegans pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure assay, as a rapid primary readout of bioactivity; and then assessed for neuroprotective properties in a C. elegans TDP-43 proteinopathy model based on pan-neuronal expression of human A315T mutant TDP-43. The most potent compound screened, α-methyl-α-phenylsuccinimide (MPS), ameliorated the locomotion defects and extended the shortened lifespan of TDP-43 mutant worms. MPS also directly protected against neurodegeneration by reducing the number of neuronal breaks and cell body losses in GFP-labelled GABAergic motor neurons. Importantly, optimal neuroprotection was exhibited by external application of 50 μM MPS, compared to 8 mM for ethosuximide. This greater potency of MPS was not due to bioaccumulation to higher internal levels within the worm, based on 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Like ethosuximide, the activity of MPS was abolished by mutation of the evolutionarily conserved FOXO transcription factor, daf-16, suggesting that both compounds act via the same neuroprotective pathway(s). In conclusion, we have revealed a novel neuroprotective activity of MPS that is >100-fold more potent than ethosuximide. This increased potency will facilitate future biochemical studies to identify the direct molecular target(s) of both compounds, as we have shown here that they share a common downstream DAF-16-dependent mechanism of action. Furthermore, MPS is the active metabolite of another approved antiepileptic drug, methsuximide. Therefore, methsuximide may have repurposing potential for treatment of TDP-43 proteinopathies and possibly other human neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Quan Wong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Matthew G Pontifex
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Marie M Phelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Brian C Kraemer
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
| | - Jeff W Barclay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hong WD, Gibbons PD, Leung SC, Amewu R, Stocks PA, Stachulski A, Horta P, Cristiano MLS, Shone AE, Moss D, Ardrey A, Sharma R, Warman AJ, Bedingfield PTP, Fisher NE, Aljayyoussi G, Mead S, Caws M, Berry NG, Ward SA, Biagini GA, O'Neill PM, Nixon GL. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Quinolones Targeting the Respiratory Chain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3703-3726. [PMID: 28304162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput screen (HTS) was undertaken against the respiratory chain dehydrogenase component, NADH:menaquinone oxidoreductase (Ndh) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The 11000 compounds were selected for the HTS based on the known phenothiazine Ndh inhibitors, trifluoperazine and thioridazine. Combined HTS (11000 compounds) and in-house screening of a limited number of quinolones (50 compounds) identified ∼100 hits and four distinct chemotypes, the most promising of which contained the quinolone core. Subsequent Mtb screening of the complete in-house quinolone library (350 compounds) identified a further ∼90 hits across three quinolone subtemplates. Quinolones containing the amine-based side chain were selected as the pharmacophore for further modification, resulting in metabolically stable quinolones effective against multi drug resistant (MDR) Mtb. The lead compound, 42a (MTC420), displays acceptable antituberculosis activity (Mtb IC50 = 525 nM, Mtb Wayne IC50 = 76 nM, and MDR Mtb patient isolates IC50 = 140 nM) and favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Peter D Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Suet C Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Richard Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana , P.O. Box LG56, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Paul A Stocks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Andrew Stachulski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Pedro Horta
- CCMAR and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Algarve , 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria L S Cristiano
- CCMAR and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Algarve , 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Alison E Shone
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Darren Moss
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University , Keele ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Alison Ardrey
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Raman Sharma
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Ashley J Warman
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Paul T P Bedingfield
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Nicholas E Fisher
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Ghaith Aljayyoussi
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Sally Mead
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Maxine Caws
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang Z, Hong WD, Cui X, Gao H, Wu P, Chen Y, Shen D, Yang Y, Zhang B, Taylor MJ, Ward SA, O'Neill PM, Zhao S, Zhang K. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of N4-benzylamine-N2-isopropyl-quinazoline-2,4-diamines derivatives as potential antibacterial agents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the SAR of the N4-benzylamine-N2-isopropyl-quinazoline-2,4-diamines derivatives with heterocyclic scaffold which showed good activities against S. aureus, E. coli, MRSA, S. epidermidis and S. typhimurium.
Collapse
|
27
|
Price KE, Armstrong CM, Imlay LS, Hodge DM, Pidathala C, Roberts NJ, Park J, Mikati M, Sharma R, Lawrenson AS, Tolia NH, Berry NG, O'Neill PM, John ARO. Molecular Mechanism of Action of Antimalarial Benzoisothiazolones: Species-Selective Inhibitors of the Plasmodium spp. MEP Pathway enzyme, IspD. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36777. [PMID: 27857147 PMCID: PMC5114681 DOI: 10.1038/srep36777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is an essential metabolic pathway found in malaria parasites, but absent in mammals, making it a highly attractive target for the discovery of novel and selective antimalarial therapies. Using high-throughput screening, we have identified 2-phenyl benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-ones as species-selective inhibitors of Plasmodium spp. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidyltransferase (IspD), the third catalytic enzyme of the MEP pathway. 2-Phenyl benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-ones display nanomolar inhibitory activity against P. falciparum and P. vivax IspD and prevent the growth of P. falciparum in culture, with EC50 values below 400 nM. In silico modeling, along with enzymatic, genetic and crystallographic studies, have established a mechanism-of-action involving initial non-covalent recognition of inhibitors at the IspD binding site, followed by disulfide bond formation through attack of an active site cysteine residue on the benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one core. The species-selective inhibitory activity of these small molecules against Plasmodium spp. IspD and cultured parasites suggests they have potential as lead compounds in the pursuit of novel drugs to treat malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Christopher M Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leah S Imlay
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dana M Hodge
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - C Pidathala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Natalie J Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Jooyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marwa Mikati
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raman Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | | | - Niraj H Tolia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Audrey R Odom John
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ismail HM, Barton VE, Panchana M, Charoensutthivarakul S, Biagini GA, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. Berichtigung: A Click Chemistry-Based Proteomic Approach Reveals that 1,2,4-Trioxolane and Artemisinin Antimalarials Share a Common Protein Alkylation Profile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
29
|
Ismail HM, Barton VE, Panchana M, Charoensutthivarakul S, Biagini GA, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. Corrigendum: A Click Chemistry-Based Proteomic Approach Reveals that 1,2,4-Trioxolane and Artemisinin Antimalarials Share a Common Protein Alkylation Profile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10548. [PMID: 27552550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
30
|
Ismail HM, Barton VE, Panchana M, Charoensutthivarakul S, Biagini GA, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. A Click Chemistry-Based Proteomic Approach Reveals that 1,2,4-Trioxolane and Artemisinin Antimalarials Share a Common Protein Alkylation Profile. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2016; 128:6511-6515. [PMID: 27397940 PMCID: PMC4934454 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201512062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the recent increase in endoperoxide antimalarials under development, it remains unclear if all these chemotypes share a common mechanism of action. This is important since it will influence cross-resistance risks between the different classes. Here we investigate this proposition using novel clickable 1,2,4-trioxolane activity based protein-profiling probes (ABPPs). ABPPs with potent antimalarial activity were able to alkylate protein target(s) within the asexual erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7). Importantly, comparison of the alkylation fingerprint with that generated from an artemisinin ABPP equivalent confirms a highly conserved alkylation profile, with both endoperoxide classes targeting proteins in the glycolytic, hemoglobin degradation, antioxidant defence, protein synthesis and protein stress pathways, essential biological processes for plasmodial survival. The alkylation signatures of the two chemotypes show significant overlap (ca. 90 %) both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively, suggesting a common mechanism of action that raises concerns about potential cross-resistance liabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanafy M. Ismail
- Research Centre for Drugs and DiagnosticsLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpoolL3 5QAUK
| | | | - Matthew Panchana
- Research Centre for Drugs and DiagnosticsLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpoolL3 5QAUK
| | | | - Giancarlo A. Biagini
- Research Centre for Drugs and DiagnosticsLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpoolL3 5QAUK
| | - Stephen A. Ward
- Research Centre for Drugs and DiagnosticsLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpoolL3 5QAUK
| | - Paul M. O'Neill
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ismail HM, Barton VE, Panchana M, Charoensutthivarakul S, Biagini GA, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. A Click Chemistry-Based Proteomic Approach Reveals that 1,2,4-Trioxolane and Artemisinin Antimalarials Share a Common Protein Alkylation Profile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6401-5. [PMID: 27089538 PMCID: PMC4934138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201512062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the recent increase in endoperoxide antimalarials under development, it remains unclear if all these chemotypes share a common mechanism of action. This is important since it will influence cross-resistance risks between the different classes. Here we investigate this proposition using novel clickable 1,2,4-trioxolane activity based protein-profiling probes (ABPPs). ABPPs with potent antimalarial activity were able to alkylate protein target(s) within the asexual erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7). Importantly, comparison of the alkylation fingerprint with that generated from an artemisinin ABPP equivalent confirms a highly conserved alkylation profile, with both endoperoxide classes targeting proteins in the glycolytic, hemoglobin degradation, antioxidant defence, protein synthesis and protein stress pathways, essential biological processes for plasmodial survival. The alkylation signatures of the two chemotypes show significant overlap (ca. 90 %) both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively, suggesting a common mechanism of action that raises concerns about potential cross-resistance liabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanafy M Ismail
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Victoria E Barton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Matthew Panchana
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shore ER, Awais M, Kershaw NM, Gibson RR, Pandalaneni S, Latawiec D, Wen L, Javed MA, Criddle DN, Berry N, O'Neill PM, Lian LY, Sutton R. Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cyclophilin D To Protect Mitochondrial Function as a Potential Treatment for Acute Pancreatitis. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2596-611. [PMID: 26950392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) causes mitochondrial dysfunction and necrosis in acute pancreatitis (AP), a condition without specific drug treatment. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that regulates the MPTP and is a drug target for AP. We have synthesized urea-based small molecule inhibitors of cyclophilins and tested them against CypD using binding and isomerase activity assays. Thermodynamic profiles of the CypD/inhibitor interactions were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Seven new high-resolution crystal structures of CypD-inhibitor complexes were obtained to guide compound optimization. Compounds 4, 13, 14, and 19 were tested in freshly isolated murine pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) to determine inhibition of toxin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and necrotic cell death pathway activation. Compound 19 was found to have a Kd of 410 nM and a favorable thermodynamic profile, and it showed significant protection of ΔΨm and reduced necrosis of murine as well as human PACs. Compound 19 holds significant promise for future lead optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Shore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M Kershaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert R Gibson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Sravan Pandalaneni
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad A Javed
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wong MHL, Bryan HK, Copple IM, Jenkins RE, Chiu PH, Bibby J, Berry NG, Kitteringham NR, Goldring CE, O'Neill PM, Park BK. Design and Synthesis of Irreversible Analogues of Bardoxolone Methyl for the Identification of Pharmacologically Relevant Targets and Interaction Sites. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2396-409. [PMID: 26908173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Semisynthetic triterpenoids such as bardoxolone methyl (methyl-2-cyano 3,12-dioxooleano-1,9-dien-28-oate; CDDO-Me) (4) are potent inducers of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, including those regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. However, the reversible nature of the interaction between triterpenoids and thiols has hindered attempts to identify pharmacologically relevant targets and characterize the sites of interaction. Here, we report a shortened synthesis and SAR profiling of 4, enabling the design of analogues that react irreversibly with model thiols, as well as the model protein glutathione S-transferase P1, in vitro. We show that one of these analogues, CDDO-epoxide (13), is comparable to 4 in terms of cytotoxicity and potency toward Nrf2 in rat hepatoma cells and stably modifies specific cysteine residues (namely, Cys-257, -273, -288, -434, -489, and -613) within Keap1, the major repressor of Nrf2, both in vitro and in living cells. Supported by molecular modeling, these data demonstrate the value of 13 for identifying site(s) of interaction with pharmacologically relevant targets and informing the continuing development of triterpenoids as novel drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H L Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Holly K Bryan
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Ian M Copple
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Rosalind E Jenkins
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Pak Him Chiu
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Jaclyn Bibby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K
| | - Neil R Kitteringham
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Christopher E Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Horta P, Kuş N, Henriques MSC, Paixão JA, Coelho L, Nogueira F, O'Neill PM, Fausto R, Cristiano MLS. Quinolone-Hydroxyquinoline Tautomerism in Quinolone 3-Esters. Preserving the 4-Oxoquinoline Structure To Retain Antimalarial Activity. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12244-57. [PMID: 26551438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent publications report in vitro activity of quinolone 3-esters against the bc1 protein complex of Plasmodium falciparum and the parasite. Docking studies performed in silico at the yeast Qo site established a key role for the 4-oxo and N-H groups in drug-target interactions. Thus, the possibility of 4-oxoquinoline/4-hydroxyquinoline tautomerism may impact in pharmacologic profiles and should be investigated. We describe the synthesis, structure, photochemistry, and activity against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum strain Dd2 of ethyl 4-oxo-7-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate (7Me-OQE) and ethyl 4-hydroxy-5-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate (5Me-HQE), obtained from diethyl 2-[((3-methylphenyl)amino)methylene]malonate. Theoretically (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)), 5Me-HQE and 7Me-OQE show clear preference for the hydroxyquinoline form. The difference between the lowest energy hydroxyquinoline and quinolone forms is 27 and 38 kJ mol(-1), for 5Me-HQE and 7Me-OQE, respectively. Calculations of aromaticity indexes show that in 5Me-HQE both rings are aromatic, while in the corresponding oxo tautomers the nitrogen-containing ring is essentially non-aromatic. The structure of monomeric 5Me-HQE was studied using matrix isolation coupled to FTIR spectroscopy. No traces of 4-oxoquinoline tautomers were found in the experimental IR spectra, revealing that the species present in the crystal, 5Me-HQE·HCl, was lost HCl upon sublimation but did not tautomerize. Continuous broadband irradiation (λ > 220 nm; 130 min) of the matrix led to only partial photodecomposition of 5Me-HQE (ca. 1/3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Horta
- CCMAR and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FCT, University of Algarve , P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Nihal Kuş
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Physics, Anadolu University , 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | | | - José A Paixão
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra , P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lis Coelho
- CMDT and Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon , P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- CMDT and Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon , P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Fausto
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
O'Neill PM, Ward SA. Ein Chinolincarboxamid als Breitbandwirkstoff gegen Malaria: Angriff in drei parasitären Stadien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
36
|
O'Neill PM, Ward SA. A Quinoline Carboxamide Antimalarial Drug Candidate Uniquely Targets Plasmodia at Three Stages of the Parasite Life Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13504-6. [PMID: 26426264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD (UK).
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA (UK)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
McConville M, Fernández J, Angulo-Barturen Í, Bahamontes-Rosa N, Ballell-Pages L, Castañeda P, de Cózar C, Crespo B, Guijarro L, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Martínez-Martínez MS, de Mercado J, Santos-Villarejo Á, Sanz LM, Frigerio M, Washbourn G, Ward SA, Nixon GL, Biagini GA, Berry NG, Blackman MJ, Calderón F, O'Neill PM. Carbamoyl Triazoles, Known Serine Protease Inhibitors, Are a Potent New Class of Antimalarials. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26222445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Screening of the GSK corporate collection, some 1.9 million compounds, against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), revealed almost 14000 active hits that are now known as the Tres Cantos Antimalarial Set (TCAMS). Followup work by Calderon et al. clustered and computationally filtered the TCAMS through a variety of criteria and reported 47 series containing a total of 522 compounds. From this enhanced set, we identified the carbamoyl triazole TCMDC-134379 (1), a known serine protease inhibitor, as an excellent starting point for SAR profiling. Lead optimization of 1 led to several molecules with improved antimalarial potency, metabolic stabilities in mouse and human liver microsomes, along with acceptable cytotoxicity profiles. Analogue 44 displayed potent in vitro activity (IC50 = 10 nM) and oral activity in a SCID mouse model of Pf infection with an ED50 of 100 and ED90 of between 100 and 150 mg kg(-1), respectively. The results presented encourage further investigations to identify the target of these highly active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McConville
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Íñigo Angulo-Barturen
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Noemi Bahamontes-Rosa
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell-Pages
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Pablo Castañeda
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Cristina de Cózar
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Benigno Crespo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Laura Guijarro
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - María Belén Jiménez-Díaz
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Maria S Martínez-Martínez
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Jaime de Mercado
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Ángel Santos-Villarejo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Laura M Sanz
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Micol Frigerio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Washbourn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Blackman
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research , Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Félix Calderón
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Eckle VS, Grasshoff C, Mirakaj V, O'Neill PM, Berry NG, Leuwer M, Antkowiak B. 4-bromopropofol decreases action potential generation in spinal neurons by inducing a glycine receptor-mediated tonic conductance. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5790-801. [PMID: 25131750 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impaired function of spinal strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors gives rise to chronic pain states and movement disorders. Therefore, increased activity of glycine receptors should help to treat such disorders. Although compounds targeting glycine receptors with a high selectivity are lacking, halogenated analogues of propofol have recently been considered as potential candidates. Therefore we asked whether 4-bromopropofol attenuated the excitability of spinal neurons by promoting glycine receptor-dependent inhibition. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The actions of sub-anaesthetic concentrations of propofol and 4-bromopropofol were investigated in spinal tissue cultures prepared from mice. Drug-induced alterations in action potential firing were monitored by extracellular multi-unit recordings. The effects on GABAA and glycine receptor-mediated inhibition were quantified by whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings. KEY RESULTS Low concentrations of 4-bromopropofol (50 nM) reduced action potential activity of ventral horn neurons by about 30%, compared with sham-treated slices. This effect was completely abolished by strychnine (1 μM). In voltage-clamped neurons, 4-bromopropofol activated glycine receptors, generating a tonic current of 65 ± 10 pA, while GABAA - and glycine receptor-mediated synaptic transmission remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The highest glycine levels in the CNS are found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, a region mediating pain-induced motor reflexes and participating in the control of muscle tone. 4-Bromopropofol may serve as a starting point for the development of non-sedative, non-addictive, muscle relaxants and analgesics to be used to treat low back pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Eckle
- Experimental Anaesthesiology Section, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Charoensutthivarakul S, David Hong W, Leung SC, Gibbons PD, Bedingfield PTP, Nixon GL, Lawrenson AS, Berry NG, Ward SA, Biagini GA, O'Neill PM. 2-Pyridylquinolone
antimalarials with improved antimalarial activity and physicochemical properties. Med Chem Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Pyridylquinolones with improved solubility, an improved metabolic stability profile, reduced off-target toxicity and 12 nM Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial activity are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - W. David Hong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Suet C. Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | | | | | - Gemma L. Nixon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | | | - Neil G. Berry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Stephen A. Ward
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
- Pembroke Place
- Liverpool
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kershaw NM, Wright GSA, Sharma R, Antonyuk SV, Strange RW, Berry NG, O'Neill PM, Hasnain SS. X-ray crystallography and computational docking for the detection and development of protein-ligand interactions. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:569-75. [PMID: 23278398 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320040008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the selective dysfunction and death of the upper and lower motor neurons. Median survival rates are between 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. Mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been linked to a subset of familial forms of ALS (fALS). Herein, we describe a fragment- based drug discovery (FBDD) approach for the investigation of small molecule binding sites in SOD1. X-ray crystallography has been used as the primary screening method and has been shown to directly detect protein-ligand interactions which cannot be unambiguously identified using other biophysical methods. The structural requirements for effective binding at Trp32 are detailed for a series of quinazoline-containing compounds. The investigation of an additional site that binds a range of catecholamines and the use of computational modelling to assist fragment evolution is discussed. This study also highlights the importance of ligand solubility for successful Xray crystallographic campaigns in lead compound design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Kershaw
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Antoine T, Fisher N, Amewu R, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Rapid kill of malaria parasites by artemisinin and semi-synthetic endoperoxides involves ROS-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:1005-16. [PMID: 24335485 PMCID: PMC3956377 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Artemisinin and artemisinin semi-synthetic derivatives (collectively known as endoperoxides) are first-line antimalarials for the treatment of uncomplicated and severe malaria. Endoperoxides display very fast killing rates and are generally recalcitrant to parasite resistance development. These key pharmacodynamic features are a result of a complex mechanism of action, the details of which lack consensus. Here, we report on the primary physiological events leading to parasite death. Methods Parasite mitochondrial (ΔΨm) and plasma membrane (ΔΨp) electrochemical potentials were measured using real-time single-cell imaging following exposure to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of endoperoxides (artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, artesunate and the synthetic tetraoxane RKA182). In addition, mitochondrial electron transport chain components NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (alternative complex I), bc1 (complex III) and cytochrome oxidase (complex IV) were investigated to determine their functional sensitivity to the various endoperoxides. Results Parasite exposure to endoperoxides resulted in rapid depolarization of parasite ΔΨm and ΔΨp. The rate of depolarization was decreased in the presence of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and Fe3+ chelators. Depolarization of ΔΨm by endoperoxides is not believed to be through the inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain components, owing to the lack of significant inhibition when assayed directly. Conclusions The depolarization of ΔΨm and ΔΨp is shown to be mediated via the generation of ROS that are initiated by iron bioactivation of endoperoxides and/or catalysed by iron-dependent oxidative stress. These data are discussed in the context of current hypotheses concerning the mode of action of endoperoxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Antoine
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Nicholas Fisher
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Richard Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M. O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Stephen A. Ward
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Giancarlo A. Biagini
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel: +44-151-7053151; Fax: +44-151-7053371; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oliveira R, Newton AS, Guedes RC, Miranda D, Amewu RK, Srivastava A, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Lopes F, Moreira R. An Endoperoxide‐Based Hybrid Approach to Deliver Falcipain Inhibitors Inside Malaria Parasites. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1528-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Oliveira
- iMed.UL and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649‐003 (Portugal)
| | - Ana S. Newton
- iMed.UL and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649‐003 (Portugal)
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- iMed.UL and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649‐003 (Portugal)
| | - Daniela Miranda
- iMed.UL and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649‐003 (Portugal)
| | - Richard K. Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX (UK)
| | - Abhishek Srivastava
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA (UK)
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 (USA)
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 (USA)
| | - Paul M. O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX (UK)
| | - Stephen A. Ward
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA (UK)
| | - Francisca Lopes
- iMed.UL and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649‐003 (Portugal)
| | - Rui Moreira
- iMed.UL and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649‐003 (Portugal)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
La Pensée L, Sabbani S, Sharma R, Bhamra I, Shore E, Chadwick AE, Berry NG, Firman J, Araujo NC, Cabral L, Cristiano MLS, Bateman C, Janneh O, Gavrila A, Wu YH, Hussain A, Ward SA, Stocks PA, Cosstick R, O'Neill PM. Inside Cover: Artemisinin-Polypyrrole Conjugates: Synthesis, DNA Binding Studies and Preliminary Antiproliferative Evaluation (ChemMedChem 5/2013). ChemMedChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201390016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
La Pensée L, Sabbani S, Sharma R, Bhamra I, Shore E, Chadwick AE, Berry NG, Firman J, Araujo NC, Cabral L, Cristiano MLS, Bateman C, Janneh O, Gavrila A, Wu YH, Hussain A, Ward SA, Stocks PA, Cosstick R, O'Neill PM. Artemisinin-polypyrrole conjugates: synthesis, DNA binding studies and preliminary antiproliferative evaluation. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:709-18. [PMID: 23495190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Greater than the sum of its parts: Artemisinins are currently in phase I-II clinical trials against breast, colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancers. In an attempt to offer increased specificity, a series of hybrid artemisinin-polypyrrole minor groove binder conjugates are described. DNA binding/modelling studies and preliminary biological evaluation give insights into their mechanism of action and the potential of this strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise La Pensée
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nixon GL, Moss DM, Shone AE, Lalloo DG, Fisher N, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Antimalarial pharmacology and therapeutics of atovaquone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:977-85. [PMID: 23292347 PMCID: PMC4344550 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atovaquone is used as a fixed-dose combination with proguanil (Malarone) for treating children and adults with uncomplicated malaria or as chemoprophylaxis for preventing malaria in travellers. Indeed, in the USA, between 2009 and 2011, Malarone prescriptions accounted for 70% of all antimalarial pre-travel prescriptions. In 2013 the patent for Malarone will expire, potentially resulting in a wave of low-cost generics. Furthermore, the malaria scientific community has a number of antimalarial quinolones with a related pharmacophore to atovaquone at various stages of pre-clinical development. With this in mind, it is timely here to review the current knowledge of atovaquone, with the purpose of aiding the decision making of clinicians and drug developers involved in the future use of atovaquone generics or atovaquone derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Nixon
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Elliott EC, Maggs JL, Park BK, O'Neill PM, Stachulski AV. Convenient syntheses of halo-dibenz[b,f]azepines and carbamazepine analogues via N-arylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8426-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
47
|
Warman AJ, Rito TS, Fisher NE, Moss DM, Berry NG, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Antitubercular pharmacodynamics of phenothiazines. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:869-80. [PMID: 23228936 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phenothiazines have been shown to exhibit in vitro and in vivo activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and multidrug-resistant Mtb. They are predicted to target the genetically validated respiratory chain component type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Ndh). Using a set of compounds containing the phenothiazine pharmacophore, we have (i) investigated whether chemical validation data support the molecular target and (ii) evaluated pharmacophore tractability for further drug development. METHODS Recombinant Mtb Ndh was generated and its functionality confirmed by steady-state kinetics. Pharmacodynamic profiling of the phenothiazines, including antitubercular efficacy in aerobic and O2-limited conditions, time-kill assays and isobole analyses against first-line antituberculars, was performed. Potential mitochondrial toxicity was assessed in a modified HepG2 cell-line assay and against bovine cytochrome bc1. RESULTS Steady-state kinetic analyses revealed a substrate preference for coenzyme Q2 and an inability to utilize NADPH. A positive correlation between recombinant Ndh inhibition and kill of aerobically cultured Mtb was observed, whilst enhanced potency was demonstrated in a hypoxic model. Time-kill studies revealed the phenothiazines to be bactericidal whilst isobolograms exposed antagonism with isoniazid, indicative of intracellular NADH/NAD(+) couple perturbation. At therapeutic levels, phenothiazine-mediated toxicity was appreciable; however, specific mitochondrial targeting was excluded. CONCLUSIONS Data generated support the hypothesis that Ndh is the molecular target of phenothiazines. The favourable pharmacodynamic properties of the phenothiazines are consistent with a target product profile that includes activity against dormant/persistent bacilli, rapid bactericidal activity and activity against drug-resistant Mtb by a previously unexploited mode of action. These properties warrant further medicinal chemistry to improve potency and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Warman
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Copple IM, Mercer AE, Firman J, Donegan G, Herpers B, Wong MH, Chadwick J, Bringela AD, Cristiano MLS, van de Water B, Ward SA, O'Neill PM, Park BK. Examination of the cytotoxic and embryotoxic potential and underlying mechanisms of next-generation synthetic trioxolane and tetraoxane antimalarials. Mol Med 2012; 18:1045-55. [PMID: 22669474 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Semisynthetic artemisinin-based therapies are the first-line treatment for P. falciparum malaria, but next-generation synthetic drug candidates are urgently required to improve availability and respond to the emergence of artemisinin-resistant parasites. Artemisinins are embryotoxic in animal models and induce apoptosis in sensitive mammalian cells. Understanding the cytotoxic propensities of antimalarial drug candidates is crucial to their successful development and utilization. Here, we demonstrate that, similarly to the model artemisinin artesunate (ARS), a synthetic tetraoxane drug candidate (RKA182) and a trioxolane equivalent (FBEG100) induce embryotoxicity and depletion of primitive erythroblasts in a rodent model. We also show that RKA182, FBEG100 and ARS are cytotoxic toward a panel of established and primary human cell lines, with caspase-dependent apoptosis and caspase-independent necrosis underlying the induction of cell death. Although the toxic effects of RKA182 and FBEG100 proceed more rapidly and are relatively less cell-selective than that of ARS, all three compounds are shown to be dependent upon heme, iron and oxidative stress for their ability to induce cell death. However, in contrast to previously studied artemisinins, the toxicity of RKA182 and FBEG100 is shown to be independent of general chemical decomposition. Although tetraoxanes and trioxolanes have shown promise as next-generation antimalarials, the data described here indicate that adverse effects associated with artemisinins, including embryotoxicity, cannot be ruled out with these novel compounds, and a full understanding of their toxicological actions will be central to the continuing design and development of safe and effective drug candidates which could prove important in the fight against malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Copple
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fisher N, Abd Majid R, Antoine T, Al-Helal M, Warman AJ, Johnson DJ, Lawrenson AS, Ranson H, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Cytochrome b mutation Y268S conferring atovaquone resistance phenotype in malaria parasite results in reduced parasite bc1 catalytic turnover and protein expression. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9731-9741. [PMID: 22282497 PMCID: PMC3322985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.324319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atovaquone is an anti-malarial drug used in combination with proguanil (e.g. Malarone(TM)) for the curative and prophylactic treatment of malaria. Atovaquone, a 2-hydroxynaphthoquinone, is a competitive inhibitor of the quinol oxidation (Q(o)) site of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex. Inhibition of this enzyme results in the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, disruption of pyrimidine biosynthesis, and subsequent parasite death. Resistance to atovaquone in the field is associated with point mutations in the Q(o) pocket of cytochrome b, most notably near the conserved Pro(260)-Glu(261)-Trp(262)-Tyr(263) (PEWY) region in the ef loop). The effect of this mutation has been extensively studied in model organisms but hitherto not in the parasite itself. Here, we have performed a molecular and biochemical characterization of an atovaquone-resistant field isolate, TM902CB. Molecular analysis of this strain reveals the presence of the Y268S mutation in cytochrome b. The Y268S mutation is shown to confer a 270-fold shift of the inhibitory constant (K(i)) for atovaquone with a concomitant reduction in the V(max) of the bc(1) complex of ∼40% and a 3-fold increase in the observed K(m) for decylubiquinol. Western blotting analyses reveal a reduced iron-sulfur protein content in Y268S bc(1) suggestive of a weakened interaction between this subunit and cytochrome b. Gene expression analysis of the TM902CB strain reveals higher levels of expression, compared with the 3D7 (atovaquone-sensitive) control strain in bc(1) and cytochrome c oxidase genes. It is hypothesized that the observed differential expression of these and other key genes offsets the fitness cost resulting from reduced bc(1) activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fisher
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and
| | - Roslaini Abd Majid
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and
| | - Thomas Antoine
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and
| | - Mohammed Al-Helal
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and
| | - Ashley J Warman
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and
| | - David J Johnson
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and
| | | | - Hilary Ranson
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and.
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom and.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sharma R, Lawrenson AS, Fisher NE, Warman AJ, Shone AE, Hill A, Mbekeani A, Pidathala C, Amewu RK, Leung S, Gibbons P, Hong DW, Stocks P, Nixon GL, Chadwick J, Shearer J, Gowers I, Cronk D, Parel SP, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA, Berry NG. Identification of novel antimalarial chemotypes via chemoinformatic compound selection methods for a high-throughput screening program against the novel malarial target, PfNDH2: increasing hit rate via virtual screening methods. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3144-54. [PMID: 22380711 PMCID: PMC3324984 DOI: 10.1021/jm3001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Malaria is responsible for approximately 1 million deaths
annually; thus, continued efforts to discover new antimalarials are
required. A HTS screen was established to identify novel inhibitors
of the parasite's mitochondrial enzyme NADH:quinone oxidoreductase
(PfNDH2). On the basis of only one known inhibitor of this enzyme,
the challenge was to discover novel inhibitors of PfNDH2 with diverse
chemical scaffolds. To this end, using a range of ligand-based chemoinformatics
methods, ∼17000 compounds were selected from a commercial library
of ∼750000 compounds. Forty-eight compounds were identified
with PfNDH2 enzyme inhibition IC50 values ranging from
100 nM to 40 μM and also displayed exciting whole cell antimalarial
activity. These novel inhibitors were identified through sampling
16% of the available chemical space, while only screening 2% of the
library. This study confirms the added value of using multiple ligand-based
chemoinformatic approaches and has successfully identified novel distinct
chemotypes primed for development as new agents against malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raman Sharma
- Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|