1
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Gold B, Zhang J, Quezada LL, Roberts J, Ling Y, Wood M, Shinwari W, Goullieux L, Roubert C, Fraisse L, Bacqué E, Lagrange S, Filoche-Rommé B, Vieth M, Hipskind PA, Jungheim LN, Aubé J, Scarry SM, McDonald SL, Li K, Perkowski A, Nguyen Q, Dartois V, Zimmerman M, Olsen DB, Young K, Bonnett S, Joerss D, Parish T, Boshoff HI, Arora K, Barry CE, Guijarro L, Anca S, Rullas J, Rodríguez-Salguero B, Martínez-Martínez MS, Porras-De Francisco E, Cacho M, Barros-Aguirre D, Smith P, Berthel SJ, Nathan C, Bates RH. Identification of β-Lactams Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a Consortium of Pharmaceutical Companies and Academic Institutions. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:557-573. [PMID: 35192346 PMCID: PMC8922279 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rising antimicrobial resistance challenges our ability to combat bacterial infections. The problem is acute for tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death from infection before COVID-19. Here, we developed a framework for multiple pharmaceutical companies to share proprietary information and compounds with multiple laboratories in the academic and government sectors for a broad examination of the ability of β-lactams to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the TB Drug Accelerator (TBDA), a consortium organized by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, individual pharmaceutical companies collaborate with academic screening laboratories. We developed a higher order consortium within the TBDA in which four pharmaceutical companies (GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, MSD, and Lilly) collectively collaborated with screeners at Weill Cornell Medicine, the Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), pharmacologists at Rutgers University, and medicinal chemists at the University of North Carolina to screen ∼8900 β-lactams, predominantly cephalosporins, and characterize active compounds. In a striking contrast to historical expectation, 18% of β-lactams screened were active against Mtb, many without a β-lactamase inhibitor. One potent cephaloporin was active in Mtb-infected mice. The steps outlined here can serve as a blueprint for multiparty, intra- and intersector collaboration in the development of anti-infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Gold
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Landys Lopez Quezada
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Yan Ling
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Madeleine Wood
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Wasima Shinwari
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Laurent Goullieux
- Sanofi,
Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec
(Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Christine Roubert
- Sanofi,
Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec
(Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Sanofi,
Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
| | - Eric Bacqué
- Sanofi,
Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec
(Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Lagrange
- Sanofi,
Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280 Marcy l’Étoile, France
- Evotec
(Lyon) SAS, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Michal Vieth
- Lilly
Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, 10290 Campus Point Dr, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Louis N. Jungheim
- YourEncore, 20 North Meridian Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sarah M. Scarry
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stacey L. McDonald
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Perkowski
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - David B. Olsen
- Merck
& Co., Inc., Infectious Diseases, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Katherine Young
- Merck
& Co., Inc., Infectious Diseases, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shilah Bonnett
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Douglas Joerss
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory
of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory
of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory
of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura Guijarro
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Sara Anca
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rullas
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Monica Cacho
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - David Barros-Aguirre
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Paul Smith
- Independent Consultant, Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Steven J. Berthel
- Panorama Global, 2101
4th Avenue, Suite 2100, Seattle, Washington 98121, United States
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill
Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United
States
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Global Health Pharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
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2
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Aldridge BB, Barros-Aguirre D, Barry CE, Bates RH, Berthel SJ, Boshoff HI, Chibale K, Chu XJ, Cooper CB, Dartois V, Duncan K, Fotouhi N, Gusovsky F, Hipskind PA, Kempf DJ, Lelièvre J, Lenaerts AJ, McNamara CW, Mizrahi V, Nathan C, Olsen DB, Parish T, Petrassi HM, Pym A, Rhee KY, Robertson GT, Rock JM, Rubin EJ, Russell B, Russell DG, Sacchettini JC, Schnappinger D, Schrimpf M, Upton AM, Warner P, Wyatt PG, Yuan Y. The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator at year 10: what have we learned? Nat Med 2021; 27:1333-1337. [PMID: 34226736 PMCID: PMC10478072 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator, an experiment designed to facilitate collaboration in TB drug discovery by breaking down barriers among competing labs and institutions, has reached the 10-year landmark. We review the consortium’s achievements, advantages and limitations and advocate for application of similar models to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Jie Chu
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Véronique Dartois
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery & Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Ken Duncan
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Case W McNamara
- Calibr, a division of the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tanya Parish
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eric J Rubin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Betsy Russell
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Warner
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ying Yuan
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Beijing, China
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3
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Hembre E, Early JV, Odingo J, Shelton C, Anoshchenko O, Guzman J, Flint L, Dennison D, McNeil MB, Korkegian A, Ovechkina Y, Ornstein P, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Parish T. Novel Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidinone Compounds With Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Chem 2021; 9:613349. [PMID: 33996738 PMCID: PMC8117417 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.613349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and development of new anti-tubercular agents are a priority research area. We identified the trifluoromethyl pyrimidinone series of compounds in a whole-cell screen against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fifteen primary hits had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with good potency IC90 is the concentration at which M. tuberculosis growth is inhibited by 90% (IC90 < 5 μM). We conducted a structure-activity relationship investigation for this series. We designed and synthesized an additional 44 molecules and tested all analogs for activity against M. tuberculosis and cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line. Substitution at the 5-position of the pyrimidinone with a wide range of groups, including branched and straight chain alkyl and benzyl groups, resulted in active molecules. Trifluoromethyl was the preferred group at the 6-position, but phenyl and benzyl groups were tolerated. The 2-pyridyl group was required for activity; substitution on the 5-position of the pyridyl ring was tolerated but not on the 6-position. Active molecules from the series demonstrated low selectivity, with cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells being an issue. However, there were active and non-cytotoxic molecules; the most promising molecule had an MIC (IC90) of 4.9 μM with no cytotoxicity (IC50 > 100 μM). The series was inactive against Gram-negative bacteria but showed good activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. A representative molecule from this series showed rapid concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against replicating M. tuberculosis bacilli with ~4 log kill in <7 days. Overall the biological properties were promising, if cytotoxicity could be reduced. There is scope for further medicinal chemistry optimization to improve the properties without major change in structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hembre
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Julie V Early
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joshua Odingo
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Catherine Shelton
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Olena Anoshchenko
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Junitta Guzman
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lindsay Flint
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Devon Dennison
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew B McNeil
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aaron Korkegian
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yulia Ovechkina
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul Ornstein
- Apollo Drug Discovery Consulting, LLC, Northbrook, IL, United States
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Philip A Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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Ray P, Huggett M, Turner PA, Taylor M, Cleghorn LAT, Early J, Kumar A, Bonnett SA, Flint L, Joerss D, Johnson J, Korkegian A, Mullen S, Moure AL, Davis SH, Murugesan D, Mathieson M, Caldwell N, Engelhart CA, Schnappinger D, Epemolu O, Zuccotto F, Riley J, Scullion P, Stojanovski L, Massoudi L, Robertson GT, Lenaerts AJ, Freiberg G, Kempf DJ, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Odingo J, Read KD, Green SR, Wyatt PG, Parish T. Spirocycle MmpL3 Inhibitors with Improved hERG and Cytotoxicity Profiles as Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth. ACS Omega 2021; 6:2284-2311. [PMID: 33521468 PMCID: PMC7841955 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is a pressing need for new oral drugs with novel mechanisms of action. A number of scaffolds with potent anti-tubercular in vitro activity have been identified from phenotypic screening that appear to target MmpL3. However, the scaffolds are typically lipophilic, which facilitates partitioning into hydrophobic membranes, and several contain basic amine groups. Highly lipophilic basic amines are typically cytotoxic against mammalian cell lines and have associated off-target risks, such as inhibition of human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) and IKr potassium current modulation. The spirocycle compound 3 was reported to target MmpL3 and displayed promising efficacy in a murine model of acute tuberculosis (TB) infection. However, this highly lipophilic monobasic amine was cytotoxic and inhibited the hERG ion channel. Herein, the related spirocycles (1-2) are described, which were identified following phenotypic screening of the Eli Lilly corporate library against M. tuberculosis. The novel N-alkylated pyrazole portion offered improved physicochemical properties, and optimization led to identification of a zwitterion series, exemplified by lead 29, with decreased HepG2 cytotoxicity as well as limited hERG ion channel inhibition. Strains with mutations in MmpL3 were resistant to 29, and under replicating conditions, 29 demonstrated bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis. Unfortunately, compound 29 had no efficacy in an acute model of TB infection; this was most likely due to the in vivo exposure remaining above the minimal inhibitory concentration for only a limited time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
C. Ray
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Margaret Huggett
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Penelope A. Turner
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Malcolm Taylor
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Laura A. T. Cleghorn
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Julie Early
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Anuradha Kumar
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Shilah A. Bonnett
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Lindsay Flint
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Douglas Joerss
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - James Johnson
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Aaron Korkegian
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Steven Mullen
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Abraham L. Moure
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Susan H. Davis
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Dinakaran Murugesan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Michael Mathieson
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Nicola Caldwell
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Curtis A. Engelhart
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Paul Scullion
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Lisa Massoudi
- Mycobacteria
Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, United States
| | - Gregory T. Robertson
- Mycobacteria
Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, United States
| | - Anne J. Lenaerts
- Mycobacteria
Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, United States
| | - Gail Freiberg
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dale J. Kempf
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Discovery
Chemistry Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Centre, MC/87/02/203, G17, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Joshua Odingo
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Simon R. Green
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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5
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Early J, Ollinger J, Darby C, Alling T, Mullen S, Casey A, Gold B, Ochoada J, Wiernicki T, Masquelin T, Nathan C, Hipskind PA, Parish T. Identification of Compounds with pH-Dependent Bactericidal Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:272-280. [PMID: 30501173 PMCID: PMC6371205 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
To find new inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that have novel mechanisms of
action, we miniaturized a high throughput
screen to identify compounds that disrupt pH homeostasis. We adapted
and validated a 384-well format assay to determine intrabacterial
pH using a ratiometric green fluorescent protein. We screened 89000
small molecules under nonreplicating conditions and confirmed 556
hits that reduced intrabacterial pH (below pH 6.5). We selected five
compounds that disrupt intrabacterial pH homeostasis and also showed
some activity against nonreplicating bacteria in a 4-stress model,
but with no (or greatly reduced) activity against replicating bacteria.
The compounds selected were two benzamide sulfonamides, a benzothiadiazole,
a bissulfone, and a thiadiazole, none of which are known antibacterial
agents. All of these five compounds demonstrated bactericidal activity
against nonreplicating bacteria in buffer. Four of the five compounds
demonstrated increased activity under low pH conditions. None of the
five compounds acted as ionophores or as general disrupters of membrane
potential. These compounds are useful starting points for work to
elucidate their mechanism of action and their utility for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Early
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Juliane Ollinger
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Crystal Darby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Torey Alling
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Steven Mullen
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Allen Casey
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Ben Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jason Ochoada
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Todd Wiernicki
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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6
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Chandrasekera NS, Berube BJ, Shetye G, Chettiar S, O’Malley T, Manning A, Flint L, Awasthi D, Ioerger TR, Sacchettini J, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Odingo J, Parish T. Improved Phenoxyalkylbenzimidazoles with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Appear to Target QcrB. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:898-916. [PMID: 29035551 PMCID: PMC5727484 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The phenoxy alkyl benzimidazoles
(PABs) have good antitubercular activity. We expanded our structure–activity
relationship studies to determine the core components of PABs required
for activity. The most potent compounds had minimum inhibitory concentrations
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the low nanomolar
range with very little cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells as well
as activity against intracellular bacteria. We isolated resistant
mutants against PAB compounds, which had mutations in either Rv1339,
of unknown function, or qcrB, a component of the
cytochrome bc1 oxidase of the electron
transport chain. QcrB mutant strains were resistant to all PAB compounds,
whereas Rv1339 mutant strains were only resistant to a subset, suggesting
that QcrB is the target. The discovery of the target for PAB compounds
will allow for the improved design of novel compounds to target intracellular M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Susantha Chandrasekera
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Bryan J. Berube
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Gauri Shetye
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Somsundaram Chettiar
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Theresa O’Malley
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Alyssa Manning
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Lindsay Flint
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Divya Awasthi
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | | | - Thierry Masquelin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, 307 East Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, 307 East Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joshua Odingo
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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7
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Odingo J, Bailey MA, Files M, Early JV, Alling T, Dennison D, Bowman J, Dalai S, Kumar N, Cramer J, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Parish T. In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Nitazoxanide Derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Omega 2017; 2:5873-5890. [PMID: 30023755 PMCID: PMC6044914 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitazoxanide has antiparasitic and antibiotic activities including activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We prepared and evaluated a set of its analogues to determine the structure-activity relationship, and identified several amide- and urea-based analogues with low micromolar activity against M. tuberculosis in vitro. Pharmacokinetics in the rat suggested a path forward to obtain bioavailable compounds. The series had a good microbiological profile with bactericidal activity in vitro against replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis. Analogues had limited activity against other Gram-positive bacteria but no activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Our studies identified the key liability in this series as cytotoxicity. Future work concentrating on identifying the target(s) could assist in removing activity against eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Odingo
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Mai A. Bailey
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Megan Files
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Julie V. Early
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Torey Alling
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Devon Dennison
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Julie Bowman
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- Jubilant
Chemsys Limited, B-34,
Sector 58, 201301 Noida, India
| | - Jeffrey Cramer
- Eli
Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Eli
Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Eli
Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, TB Discovery Research, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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8
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Zuniga ES, Korkegian A, Mullen S, Hembre EJ, Ornstein PL, Cortez G, Biswas K, Kumar N, Cramer J, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Odingo J, Parish T. The synthesis and evaluation of triazolopyrimidines as anti-tubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3922-3946. [PMID: 28576632 PMCID: PMC5513444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We identified a di-substituted triazolopyrimidine with anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Three segments of the scaffold were examined rationally to establish a structure-activity relationship with the goal of improving potency and maintaining good physicochemical properties. A number of compounds displayed sub-micromolar activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with no cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells. Non-substituted aromatic rings at C5 and a two-carbon chain connecting a terminal aromatic at C7 were preferred features; the presence of NH at C7 and a lack of substituent at C2 were essential for potency. We identified compounds with acceptable metabolic stability in rodent and human liver microsomes. Our findings suggest that the easily-synthesized triazolopyrimidines are a promising class of potent anti-tubercular agents and warrant further investigation in our search for new drugs to fight tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison S Zuniga
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Aaron Korkegian
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Steven Mullen
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Erik J Hembre
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Paul L Ornstein
- Roosevelt University College of Pharmacy, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA
| | - Guillermo Cortez
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- Jubilant Chemsys Limited, B-34, Sector 58, Noida 201301, India
| | - Jeffrey Cramer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Philip A Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Joshua Odingo
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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9
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Kesicki EA, Bailey MA, Ovechkina Y, Early JV, Alling T, Bowman J, Zuniga ES, Dalai S, Kumar N, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Odingo JO, Parish T. Synthesis and Evaluation of the 2-Aminothiazoles as Anti-Tubercular Agents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155209. [PMID: 27171280 PMCID: PMC4865136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-aminothiazole series has anti-bacterial activity against the important global pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We explored the nature of the activity by designing and synthesizing a large number of analogs and testing these for activity against M. tuberculosis, as well as eukaryotic cells. We determined that the C-2 position of the thiazole can accommodate a range of lipophilic substitutions, while both the C-4 position and the thiazole core are sensitive to change. The series has good activity against M. tuberculosis growth with sub-micromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations being achieved. A representative analog was selective for mycobacterial species over other bacteria and was rapidly bactericidal against replicating M. tuberculosis. The mode of action does not appear to involve iron chelation. We conclude that this series has potential for further development as novel anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Kesicki
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mai A. Bailey
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yulia Ovechkina
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julie V. Early
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Torey Alling
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julie Bowman
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edison S. Zuniga
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- Jubilant Chemsys Limited, B-34, Sector 58, Noida, India
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joshua O. Odingo
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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10
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Chandrasekera NS, Alling T, Bailey MA, Files M, Early JV, Ollinger J, Ovechkina Y, Masquelin T, Desai PV, Cramer JW, Hipskind PA, Odingo JO, Parish T. Identification of Phenoxyalkylbenzimidazoles with Antitubercular Activity. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7273-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Susantha Chandrasekera
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Torey Alling
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Mai A. Bailey
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Megan Files
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Julie V. Early
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Juliane Ollinger
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Yulia Ovechkina
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Prashant V. Desai
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Cramer
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Joshua O. Odingo
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- Infectious Disease
Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue
East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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11
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Henry JR, Kaufman MD, Peng SB, Ahn YM, Caldwell TM, Vogeti L, Telikepalli H, Lu WP, Hood MM, Rutkoski TJ, Smith BD, Vogeti S, Miller D, Wise SC, Chun L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Kays L, Hipskind PA, Wrobleski AD, Lobb KL, Clay JM, Cohen JD, Walgren JL, McCann D, Patel P, Clawson DK, Guo S, Manglicmot D, Groshong C, Logan C, Starling JJ, Flynn DL. Discovery of 1-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)urea (LY3009120) as a pan-RAF inhibitor with minimal paradoxical activation and activity against BRAF or RAS mutant tumor cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4165-79. [PMID: 25965804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK cascade is an essential signaling pathway, with activation typically mediated through cell surface receptors. The kinase inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib, which target oncogenic BRAF V600E, have shown significant clinical efficacy in melanoma patients harboring this mutation. Because of paradoxical pathway activation, both agents were demonstrated to promote growth and metastasis of tumor cells with RAS mutations in preclinical models and are contraindicated for treatment of cancer patients with BRAF WT background, including patients with KRAS or NRAS mutations. In order to eliminate the issues associated with paradoxical MAPK pathway activation and to provide therapeutic benefit to patients with RAS mutant cancers, we sought to identify a compound not only active against BRAF V600E but also wild type BRAF and CRAF. On the basis of its superior in vitro and in vivo profile, compound 13 was selected for further development and is currently being evaluated in phase I clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Henry
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael D Kaufman
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sheng-Bin Peng
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yu Mi Ahn
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Timothy M Caldwell
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | - Wei-Ping Lu
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Molly M Hood
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Thomas J Rutkoski
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bryan D Smith
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Subha Vogeti
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David Miller
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Scott C Wise
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lawrence Chun
- §Emerald Biostructures, Bainbridge Island, Washington 98110, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Youyan Zhang
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lisa Kays
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | | | - Karen L Lobb
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Julia M Clay
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Cohen
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jennie L Walgren
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Denis McCann
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Phenil Patel
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David K Clawson
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Sherry Guo
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Chris Groshong
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Cheyenne Logan
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - James J Starling
- †Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Daniel L Flynn
- ‡Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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12
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Odingo J, O'Malley T, Kesicki EA, Alling T, Bailey MA, Early J, Ollinger J, Dalai S, Kumar N, Singh RV, Hipskind PA, Cramer JW, Ioerger T, Sacchettini J, Vickers R, Parish T. Synthesis and evaluation of the 2,4-diaminoquinazoline series as anti-tubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6965-79. [PMID: 25456390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 2,4-diaminoquinazoline class of compounds has previously been identified as an effective inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. We conducted an extensive evaluation of the series for its potential as a lead candidate for tuberculosis drug discovery. Three segments of the representative molecule N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-amine were examined systematically to explore structure-activity relationships influencing potency. We determined that the benzylic amine at the 4-position, the piperidine at 2-position and the N-1 (but not N-3) are key activity determinants. The 3-deaza analog retained similar activity to the parent molecule. Biological activity was not dependent on iron or carbon source availability. We demonstrated through pharmacokinetic studies in rats that good in vivo compound exposure is achievable. A representative compound demonstrated bactericidal activity against both replicating and non-replicating M. tuberculosis. We isolated and sequenced M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to this compound and observed mutations in Rv3161c, a gene predicted to encode a dioxygenase, suggesting that the compound may act as a pro-drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Odingo
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Theresa O'Malley
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Edward A Kesicki
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Torey Alling
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Mai Ann Bailey
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Julie Early
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Juliane Ollinger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- Jubilant Chemsys Limited, B-34, Sector 58, Noida 201301, India
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Tanya Parish
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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13
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Kumar A, Casey A, Odingo J, Kesicki EA, Abrahams G, Vieth M, Masquelin T, Mizrahi V, Hipskind PA, Sherman DR, Parish T. A high-throughput screen against pantothenate synthetase (PanC) identifies 3-biphenyl-4-cyanopyrrole-2-carboxylic acids as a new class of inhibitor with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72786. [PMID: 24244263 PMCID: PMC3820577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme pantothenate synthetase, PanC, is an attractive drug target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is essential for the in vitro growth of M. tuberculosis and for survival of the bacteria in the mouse model of infection. PanC is absent from mammals. We developed an enzyme-based assay to identify inhibitors of PanC, optimized it for high-throughput screening, and tested a large and diverse library of compounds for activity. Two compounds belonging to the same chemical class of 3-biphenyl-4- cyanopyrrole-2-carboxylic acids had activity against the purified recombinant protein, and also inhibited growth of live M. tuberculosis in manner consistent with PanC inhibition. Thus we have identified a new class of PanC inhibitors with whole cell activity that can be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kumar
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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14
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Moraski GC, Markley LD, Cramer J, Hipskind PA, Boshoff H, Bailey MA, Alling T, Ollinger J, Parish T, Miller MJ. Advancement of Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines with Improved Pharmacokinetics and Nanomolar Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:675-679. [PMID: 23930153 DOI: 10.1021/ml400088y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of fourteen imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamides was synthesized and screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of twelve of these agents were ≤ 1 μM against replicating bacteria and five compounds (9, 12, 16, 17 and 18) had MIC values ≤ 0.006 μM. Compounds 13 and 18 were screened against a panel of MDR and XDR drug resistant clinical Mtb strains with the potency of 18 surpassing that of clinical candidate PA-824 by nearly 10 fold. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of compounds 13 and 18 were evaluated in male mice by oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) routes. These results indicate that readily synthesized imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamides are an exciting new class of potent, selective anti-TB agents that merit additional development opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett C. Moraski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lowell D. Markley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeffrey Cramer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285,
United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285,
United States
| | - Helena Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section,
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mai A. Bailey
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400,
Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Torey Alling
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400,
Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Juliane Ollinger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400,
Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400,
Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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15
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Moraski GC, Markley LD, Hipskind PA, Boshoff H, Cho S, Franzblau SG, Miller MJ. Advent of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamides with Potent Multi- and Extended Drug Resistant Antituberculosis Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:466-470. [PMID: 21691438 PMCID: PMC3117668 DOI: 10.1021/ml200036r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of nine 2,7-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamides and one 2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide were synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity versus replicating, non-replicating, multi- and extensive drug resistant Mtb strains. The MIC(90) values of seven of these agents were ≤ 1 μM against the various tuberculosis strains tested. A representative compound of this class (1) was screened against seven non-tubercular strains as well as other non-mycobacteria organisms and demonstrated remarkable microbe selectivity. A transcriptional profiling experiment of Mtb treated with compound 1 was performed to give a preliminary indication of the mode of action. Lastly, the in vivo ADME properties of compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 were assessed. The 2,7-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamides are a drug-like and synthetically accessible class of anti-TB agents that have excellent selective potency against multi- and extensive drug resistant TB and encouraging pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett C. Moraski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lowell D. Markley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Helena Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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16
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Ciccocioppo R, Gehlert DR, Ryabinin A, Kaur S, Cippitelli A, Thorsell A, Lê AD, Hipskind PA, Hamdouchi C, Lu J, Hembre EJ, Cramer J, Song M, McKinzie D, Morin M, Economidou D, Stopponi S, Cannella N, Braconi S, Kallupi M, de Guglielmo G, Massi M, George DT, Gilman J, Hersh J, Tauscher JT, Hunt SP, Hommer D, Heilig M. Stress-related neuropeptides and alcoholism: CRH, NPY, and beyond. Alcohol 2009; 43:491-8. [PMID: 19913192 PMCID: PMC2804869 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium held at the conference on "Alcoholism and Stress: A Framework for Future Treatment Strategies" in Volterra, Italy, May 6-9, 2008. Chaired by Markus Heilig and Roberto Ciccocioppo, this symposium offered a forum for the presentation of recent data linking neuropetidergic neurotransmission to the regulation of different alcohol-related behaviors in animals and in humans. Dr. Donald Gehlert described the development of a new corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist and showed its efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption and stress-induced relapse in different animal models of alcohol abuse. Dr. Andrey Ryabinin reviewed recent findings in his laboratory, indicating a role of the urocortin 1 receptor system in the regulation of alcohol intake. Dr. Annika Thorsell showed data supporting the significance of the neuropeptide Y receptor system in the modulation of behaviors associated with a history of ethanol intoxication. Dr. Roberto Ciccocioppo focused his presentation on the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptors as treatment targets for alcoholism. Finally, Dr. Markus Heilig showed recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that neurokinin 1 antagonism may represent a promising new treatment for alcoholism. Collectively, these investigators highlighted the significance of neuropeptidergic neurotransmission in the regulation of neurobiological mechanisms of alcohol addiction. Data also revealed the importance of these systems as treatment targets for the development of new medication for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
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17
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Sommer WH, Rimondini R, Hansson AC, Hipskind PA, Gehlert DR, Barr CS, Heilig MA. Upregulation of voluntary alcohol intake, behavioral sensitivity to stress, and amygdala crhr1 expression following a history of dependence. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63:139-45. [PMID: 17585886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of alcohol dependence recruits increased voluntary alcohol intake and sensitivity to stress. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been implicated in this transition, but underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS A postdependent state was induced using intermittent alcohol exposure. Experiments were carried out following > or =3 weeks of recovery to eliminate contributions of acute withdrawal. Voluntary alcohol consumption was assessed in a two-bottle, free choice procedure. Behavioral sensitivity to stress was examined using fear suppression of behavior in a punished drinking (Vogel) conflict test. Effects of forced swim stress on voluntary alcohol intake were examined as a function of exposure history. Expression of Crh, Crhr1, and Crhr2 transcripts was analyzed by in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS Alcohol drinking was upregulated long-term following a history of dependence. Fear suppression of behavior was selectively potentiated in postdependent animals. This persisted 3 months after alcohol exposure and was reversed by the selective CRH-R1 antagonist 3-(4-Chloro-2-morpholin-4-yl-thiazol-5-yl)-8-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dimethyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (MTIP) (10 mg/kg). Forced swim stress increased alcohol intake in postdependent animals but not in control animals. Behavioral changes were paralleled by an upregulation of Crhr1 transcript expression within basolateral (BLA) and medial (MeA) amygdala and Crh messenger RNA (mRNA) in central amygdala (CeA). In contrast, Crhr2 expression was down in the BLA. CONCLUSIONS Neuroadaptations encompassing amygdala CRH signaling contribute to the behavioral phenotype of postdependent animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Sommer
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1108, USA
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18
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Gehlert DR, Cippitelli A, Thorsell A, Lê AD, Hipskind PA, Hamdouchi C, Lu J, Hembre EJ, Cramer J, Song M, McKinzie D, Morin M, Ciccocioppo R, Heilig M. 3-(4-Chloro-2-morpholin-4-yl-thiazol-5-yl)-8-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dimethyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine: a novel brain-penetrant, orally available corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist with efficacy in animal models of alcoholism. J Neurosci 2007; 27:2718-26. [PMID: 17344409 PMCID: PMC6672492 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4985-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) antagonist with advantageous properties for clinical development, and its in vivo activity in preclinical alcoholism models. 3-(4-Chloro-2-morpholin-4-yl-thiazol-5-yl)-8-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dimethyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (MTIP) inhibited 125I-sauvagine binding to rat pituitary membranes and cloned human CRF1 with subnanomolar affinities, with no detectable activity at the CRF2 receptor or other common drug targets. After oral administration to rats, MTIP inhibited 125I-sauvagine binding to rat cerebellar membranes ex vivo with an ED50 of approximately 1.3 mg/kg and an oral bioavailability of 91.1%. Compared with R121919 (2,5-dimethyl-3-(6-dimethyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-dipropylamino-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine) and CP154526 (N-butyl-N-ethyl-4,9-dimethyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-2,4,8,10-tetraen-2-amine), MTIP had a markedly reduced volume of distribution and clearance. Neither open-field activity nor baseline exploration of an elevated plus-maze was affected by MTIP (1-10 mg/kg). In contrast, MTIP dose-dependently reversed anxiogenic effects of withdrawal from a 3 g/kg alcohol dose. Similarly, MTIP blocked excessive alcohol self-administration in Wistar rats with a history of dependence, and in a genetic model of high alcohol preference, the msP rat, at doses that had no effect in nondependent Wistar rats. Also, MTIP blocked reinstatement of stress-induced alcohol seeking both in postdependent and in genetically selected msP animals, again at doses that were ineffective in nondependent Wistar rats. Based on these findings, MTIP is a promising candidate for treatment of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Gehlert
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism–National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism–National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Anh Dzung Lê
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1, and
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Chafiq Hamdouchi
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Jianliang Lu
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Erik J. Hembre
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Jeffrey Cramer
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Min Song
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - David McKinzie
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Michelle Morin
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Markus Heilig
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism–National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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19
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Jesudason CD, Beavers LS, Cramer JW, Dill J, Finley DR, Lindsley CW, Stevens FC, Gadski RA, Oldham SW, Pickard RT, Siedem CS, Sindelar DK, Singh A, Watson BM, Hipskind PA. Synthesis and SAR of novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3415-8. [PMID: 16677814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, and tetrahydroazepine antagonists of the human and rat H(3) receptors are described. The substitution around these rings as well as the nature of the substituent on nitrogen is explored. Several compounds with high affinity and selectivity for the human and rat H(3) receptors are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D Jesudason
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid amidated peptide with high sequence homology to the endocrine peptides, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They appear to interact with a family of receptors that possess high affinity for one or more of these peptides. Five members of the receptor family have been cloned, with several additional members postulated through pharmacological evidence. All are members of the seven transmembrane domain-G-protein coupled receptor family. The Y1 receptor is the best characterised, with several nonpeptide antagonists available. This receptor appears to mediate a constriction of the peripheral vasculature and the 'anxiolytic' effects of centrally administered NPY. Less is known about the other receptors in the family. The Y2 receptor is believed to be presynaptic and mediates a reduction in neurotransmitter release. The Y4 receptor appears to be the receptor for pancreatic polypeptide, with high amounts of mRNA for this receptor found in the periphery, but lower levels in the brain. The Y5 receptor is expressed in the hypothalamus and has been postulated to be the receptor which mediates the increased food consumption seen following centrally administered NPY. Finally, the Y6 receptor has been cloned in the mouse and other species, but does not appear to encode a functional gene product in humans. Several types of nonpeptide Y1 and a series of Y5 antagonists have been described in the patent literature, though these compounds have limitations that will confine their use to preclinical studies. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of NPY and its receptors in experimental obesity. The next step will be the discovery of potent and selective nonpeptide antagonists, to add further credence to the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Gehlert
- Mail Code 0510, Lilly Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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21
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Mader MM, Shih C, Considine E, Dios AD, Grossman CS, Hipskind PA, Lin HS, Lobb KL, Lopez B, Lopez JE, Cabrejas LMM, Richett ME, White WT, Cheung YY, Huang Z, Reilly JE, Dinn SR. Acyl sulfonamide anti-proliferatives. Part 2: Activity of heterocyclic sulfonamide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:617-20. [PMID: 15664824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The anti-proliferative activity of acylated heterocyclic sulfonamides is described in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-dependent Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (VEGF-HUVEC) and in HCT116 tumor cells in a soft agar diffusion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Mader
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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22
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Lobb KL, Hipskind PA, Aikins JA, Alvarez E, Cheung YY, Considine EL, De Dios A, Durst GL, Ferritto R, Grossman CS, Giera DD, Hollister BA, Huang Z, Iversen PW, Law KL, Li T, Lin HS, Lopez B, Lopez JE, Cabrejas LMM, McCann DJ, Molero V, Reilly JE, Richett ME, Shih C, Teicher B, Wikel JH, White WT, Mader MM. Acyl Sulfonamide Anti-Proliferatives: Benzene Substituent Structure−Activity Relationships for a Novel Class of Antitumor Agents. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5367-80. [PMID: 15481975 DOI: 10.1021/jm030594r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two closely related diaryl acylsulfonamides were recently reported as potent antitumor agents against a broad spectrum of human tumor xenografts (colon, lung, breast, ovary, and prostate) in nude mice. Especially intriguing was their activity against colorectal cancer xenografts. In this paper, rapid parallel synthesis along with traditional medicinal chemistry techniques were used to quickly delineate the structure-activity relationships of the substitution patterns in both phenyl rings of the acylsufonamide anti-proliferative scaffold. Although the molecular target of the compounds remains unclear, we determined that the vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent human umbilical vein endothelial cells assay in combination with a soft agar disk diffusion assay allowed for optimization of potency in the series. The pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo activity in an HCT116 xenograft model are reported for representative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lobb
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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23
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Vieth M, Siegel MG, Higgs RE, Watson IA, Robertson DH, Savin KA, Durst GL, Hipskind PA. Characteristic Physical Properties and Structural Fragments of Marketed Oral Drugs. J Med Chem 2003; 47:224-32. [PMID: 14695836 DOI: 10.1021/jm030267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An increasingly competitive pharmaceutical market demands improvement in the efficiency and probability of drug candidate discovery. Usually these new drug candidates are targeted for oral administration, so a detailed understanding of the molecular-level properties that relate to optimal pharmacokinetics is a critical step toward improving the probability of selecting successful clinical candidates. Although the characteristics of druglike molecules have been previously discussed in the literature, the importance of this topic sustains a continued interest for additional perspective and further detailed statistical analyses. In this contribution, we approach the analysis from the perspective of profiling distinguishing features of orally administered drugs. We have compiled both structural and route-administration information for a total of 1729 marketed drugs to provide a solid basis for developing a new perspective on the characteristics of over 1000 orally administered drugs. The molecular properties and most commonly occurring structural elements are statistically analyzed to capture the differences between routes of administration, as well as between marketed drugs and SAR or clinical compounds. We find that, with respect to other routes of administration, oral drugs tend to be lighter and have fewer H-bond donors, acceptors, and rotatable bonds than drugs with other routes of administration. These differences are particularly pronounced when comparing the mean values for oral vs injectable drugs. We also demonstrate that the mean property values for oral drugs do not vary substantially with respect to launch date, suggesting that the range of acceptable oral properties is independent of synthetic complexity or targeted receptor. Finally, we note that, while these properties are descriptive of each class, they are not necessarily predictive of what class any particular drug will reside in, since there is significant overlap in the acceptable ranges found for each drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vieth
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, DC 1513, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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24
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Berglund MM, Hipskind PA, Gehlert DR. Recent developments in our understanding of the physiological role of PP-fold peptide receptor subtypes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2003; 228:217-44. [PMID: 12626767 DOI: 10.1177/153537020322800301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The three peptides pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) share a similar structure known as the PP-fold. There are four known human G-protein coupled receptors for the PP-fold peptides, namely Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5, each of them being able to bind at least two of the three endogenous ligands. All three peptides are found in the circulation acting as hormones. Although NPY is only released from neurons, PYY and PP are primarily found in endocrine cells in the gut, where they exert such effects as inhibition of gall bladder secretion, gut motility, and pancreatic secretion. However, when PYY is administered in an experimental setting to animals, cloned receptors, or tissue preparations, it can mimic the effects of NPY in essentially all studies, making it difficult to study the effects of PP-fold peptides and to delineate what receptor and peptide accounts for a particular effect. Initial studies with transgenic animals confirmed the well-established action of NPY on metabolism, food-intake, vascular systems, memory, mood, neuronal excitability, and reproduction. More recently, using transgenic techniques and novel antagonists for the Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors, NPY has been found to be a key player in the regulation of ethanol consumption and neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus M Berglund
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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25
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Hipskind PA, Howbert JJ, Cho S, Cronin JS, Fort SL, Ginah FO, Hansen GJ, Huff BE, Lobb KL. Practical and Enantiospecific Synthesis of LY303870, a Novel NK-1 Antagonist. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00126a069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Fritz JE, Hipskind PA, Lobb KL, Nixon JA, Threlkeld PG, Gitter BD, McMillian CL, Kaldor SW. Expedited discovery of second generation NK-1 antagonists: identification of a nonbasic aryloxy substituent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1643-6. [PMID: 11425527 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Solution-phase, parallel-synthesis techniques were used to optimize a series of nonbasic NK-1 antagonists, resulting in the identification of (R)-26, an orally bioavailable compound with subnanomolar potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fritz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 46285, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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27
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Galvin RJ, Babbey LE, Hipskind PA, Lamar T, George CA, Baez M, Gitter BD. Substance P regulates PTH secretion through the neurokinin-1 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 270:230-4. [PMID: 10733932 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary regulator of PTH secretion is serum ionized Ca(2+); however, neuropeptide-containing nerve fibers have been localized to the parathyroid gland. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not substance P (SP) regulates PTH secretion. In dispersed porcine parathyroid cells, SP reversibly inhibited 0.5 mM CaCl(2)-induced PTH secretion (IC(50) = 0.29 nM) and had no effect at CaCl(2) concentrations of 1.5 mM and greater. At 0.5 mM CaCl(2), treatment with a NK-1 selective receptor agonist resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in PTH secretion (IC(50) = 0.21 nM). In contrast, NK-2 and NK-3 receptor agonists were approximately 100-fold less active than SP or the NK-1 receptor selective agonist. An enantiospecific reversal of the effects of SP on PTH secretion was observed with LY306740, a potent selective NK-1 receptor antagonist (K(i) = 0.125 nM). In porcine parathyroid cells, expression of mRNA for the NK-1 receptor was observed using RT-PCR. In summary, a novel neuroendocrine pathway is described whereby the neuropeptide, SP, regulates PTH secretion through NK-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Galvin
- Endocrine Division, Neurosciences Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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28
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Zarrinmayeh H, Zimmerman DM, Cantrell BE, Schober DA, Bruns RF, Gackenheimer SL, Ornstein PL, Hipskind PA, Britton TC, Gehlert DR. Structure-activity relationship of a series of diaminoalkyl substituted benzimidazole as neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:647-52. [PMID: 10201822 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzimidazoles (4) was synthesized and evaluated in vitro as potent and selective NPY Y1 receptor antagonists. Substitution of the piperidine nitrogen of 4 with appropriate R groups resulted in compounds with more than 80-fold higher affinity at the Y receptor compared to the parent compound 5 (R = H). The most potent benzimidazole in this series was 21 (Ki = 0.052 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zarrinmayeh
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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29
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Britton TC, Spinazze PG, Hipskind PA, Zimmerman DM, Zarrinmayeh H, Schober DA, Gehlert DR, Bruns RF. Structure-activity relationships of a series of benzothiophene-derived NPY Y1 antagonists: optimization of the C-2 side chain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:475-80. [PMID: 10091705 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzo[b]thiophene-derived NPY-1 receptor antagonists is described. Systematic modification of the C-2 substituent afforded a 1000-fold range in Y1 receptor affinity. Appropriate substitution at the ortho and para positions of the C-2 phenyl ether produced a synergistic effect on Y1 binding affinity, which led to the discovery of the most active ligands, 12t (K(i) = 15 nM), 12u (K(i) = 11 nM), and 12v (K(i) = 13 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Britton
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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30
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Zarrinmayeh H, Nunes AM, Ornstein PL, Zimmerman DM, Arnold MB, Schober DA, Gackenheimer SL, Bruns RF, Hipskind PA, Britton TC, Cantrell BE, Gehlert DR. Synthesis and evaluation of a series of novel 2-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]benzimidazoles as selective neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2709-19. [PMID: 9667962 DOI: 10.1021/jm9706630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel benzimidazoles (BI) derived from the indole 2 was synthesized and evaluated as selective neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonists with the aim of developing antiobesity drugs. In our SAR approach, the (4-chlorophenoxy)methyl group at C-2 was kept constant and a series of BIs substituted with various piperidinylalkyl groups at N-1 was synthesized to identify the optimal spacing and orientation of the piperidine ring nitrogen relative to the benzimidazole. The 3-(3-piperidinyl)propyl in 33 was found to maximize affinity for the Y1 receptor. Because of the critical importance of Arg33 and Arg35 of NPY binding to the Y1 receptor, the incorporation of an additional aminoalkyl functionality to the structure of 33 was explored. Methyl substitution was used to probe where substitution on the aromatic ring was best tolerated. In this fashion, the C-4 was chosen for the substitution of the second aminoalkyl functionality. Synthesis of such compounds with a phenoxy tether using the 4-hydroxybenzimidazole 11 was pursued because of their relative ease of synthesis. Functionalization of the hydroxy group of 45 with a series of piperidinylalkyl groups provided the dibasic benzimidazoles 55-62. Among them, BI 56 demonstrated a Ki of 0.0017 microM, which was 400-fold more potent than 33. To evaluate if there was a stereoselective effect on affinity for these BIs, the four constituent stereoisomers (69-72) of the BI 60 were prepared using the S- and R-isomers of bromide 17. Antagonist activity of these BIs was confirmed by measuring the ability of selected compounds to reverse NPY-induced forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP. The high selectivity of several BI antagonists for the Y1 versus Y2, Y4, and Y5 receptors was also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zarrinmayeh
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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31
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Zimmerman DM, Cantrell BE, Smith EC, Nixon JA, Bruns RF, Gitter B, Hipskind PA, Ornstein PL, Zarrinmayeh H, Britton TC, Schober DA, Gehlert DR. Structure-activity relationships of a series of 1-substituted-4-methylbenzimidazole neuropeptide Y-1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:473-6. [PMID: 9871601 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of a novel series of NPY-1 receptor antagonists derived from the 4-methylbenzimidazole 4 is described. Appropriate substitution on the piperidyl nitrogen of 4 led to systematic increases in Y-1 receptor affinity, to approximately 50-fold, and to the discovery of the importance of a second basic substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Zimmerman
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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Hipskind PA, Lobb KL, Nixon JA, Britton TC, Bruns RF, Catlow J, Dieckman-McGinty DK, Gackenheimer SL, Gitter BD, Iyengar S, Schober DA, Simmons RM, Swanson S, Zarrinmayeh H, Zimmerman DM, Gehlert DR. Potent and selective 1,2,3-trisubstituted indole NPY Y-1 antagonists. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3712-4. [PMID: 9371234 DOI: 10.1021/jm970512x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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Iyengar S, Hipskind PA, Gehlert DR, Schober D, Lobb KL, Nixon JA, Helton DR, Kallman MJ, Boucher S, Couture R, Li DL, Simmons RM. LY303870, a centrally active neurokinin-1 antagonist with a long duration of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 280:774-85. [PMID: 9023291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective neurokinin (NK)-1 antagonist LY303870 has high affinity and specificity for human and guinea pig brain NK-1 receptors labeled with 125I-substance P. It has approximately 15- to 30-fold lower affinity for rat and mouse brain NK-1 receptors, consistent with previously reported species differences in the affinities of nonpeptide antagonists for NK-1 receptors. In vivo, LY303870 blocked the characteristic, caudally directed, biting and scratching response elicited by intrathecal administration of the selective NK-1 agonist Ac-[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P6-11 in conscious mice. The potentiation of the tail-flick response elicited by intrathecal administration of the NK-1 agonist [Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P in rats was also selectively blocked by LY303870. When tested in a model of persistent nociceptive activation induced by tissue injury (the formalin test), LY303870 blocked licking behavior in the late phase of the formalin test, in a dose-dependent manner. After oral administration of 10 mg/kg, the blockade of the late-phase licking behavior was evident for at least 24 hr. Ex vivo binding studies in guinea pigs showed that orally administered LY303870 potently inhibited binding to central and peripheral NK-1 receptors labeled with 125I-substance P. This inhibition was long-lasting, consistent with other in vivo activities. LY306155, the opposite enantiomer of LY303870, was less active in all of the functional assays. In rodents, LY303870 did not exhibit any neurological, motor, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal or autonomic side effects at doses of < or = 50 mg/kg p.o. Thus, LY303870 is a potent, centrally active, NK-1 antagonist in vivo, with long-lasting oral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iyengar
- CNS Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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Phebus LA, Johnson KW, Stengel PW, Lobb KL, Nixon JA, Hipskind PA. The non-peptide NK-1 receptor antagonist LY303870 inhibits neurogenic dural inflammation in guinea pigs. Life Sci 1997; 60:1553-61. [PMID: 9126877 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
LY303870 is a competitive, high affinity NK-1 receptor antagonist. It was tested in the trigeminal stimulation-induced neurogenic dural inflammation model of migraine. The neurogenic inflammation theory of migraine pain proposes that substance P, acting through NK-1 receptors, causes dural inflammation which enhances migraine pain. LY303870 administration potently inhibited neurogenic dural inflammation as measured by plasma protein extravasation caused by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion in guinea pigs. It was active in this model when administered via intravenous, oral or inhalation routes. LY306155, the enantiomer of LY303870 with lower affinity for the NK-1 receptor, was much less potent than LY303870 in this model. LY303870, at oral doses of 1, 10 and 100 microg/kg, produced a long, dose-dependent inhibition of dural inflammation, demonstrating a suitable duration of action for a potential use in acute migraine and migraine prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Phebus
- The Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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Cellier E, Fayolle C, Hipskind PA, Iyengar S, Couture R. Peripheral effects of three novel non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists in the anaesthetized rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 318:377-85. [PMID: 9016928 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Three novel non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists were assessed on the transient fall in mean arterial blood pressure and the salivation induced by i.v. substance P (0.65 nmol/kg) in the urethane-anaesthetized rat. LY303241 ((R)-1-[N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[N-(2-(4- phenylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl)amino]propane), LY303870 ((R)-1-[N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[N-(2-(4-(++ +piperidin-1 -yl)piperidin-1-yl)acetyl)amino]propane) and LY306740 ((R)-1-[N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[N-(2-(4 -cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl)amino]propane) (65 nmol-9 micromol/kg i.v.; 5 min earlier) inhibited both the vasodepressor and salivary responses to substance P in a dose-dependent manner. LY303241 and LY306740 were more potent in inhibiting the vascular response to substance P while LY303870 was more potent in inhibiting the salivary response. LY303870 and LY306740 were devoid of direct effects while LY303241 decreased blood pressure and heart rate for 1 and 10 min, respectively. The antagonists act in a stereoselective and specific manner since the opposite (S) enantiomers of LY303870 (LY306155) and LY306740 (LY307679) failed to block the effects of substance P. In addition, LY303241, LY303870 and LY306740 neither affected the hypotension and the salivation induced by carbachol nor the increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate induced by the tachykinin NK2 receptor agonist [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10). Only LY303241 attenuated the decreases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate evoked by the tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist senktide. LY303870 and LY306740 appear to be the most interesting antagonists since they act in a specific and selective manner at the tachykinin NK1 receptor. The difference in the order of potency of the three antagonists to inhibit the hypotension and salivation elicited by substance P could be ascribed to their pharmacodynamic features or to the existence of different signal transduction mechanisms or receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cellier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
We synthesized a potent and selective antagonist radioligand for the neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor and characterized its binding to guinea pig striatal membranes. (R)-N-[2-[Acetyl[3H3][(2-methoxyphenyl)-methyl]amino]- 1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl) ethyl][1,4'-bipiperidine]- 1'-acetamide ([3H]LY303870) binds to a single class of sites with an equilibrium KD of 0.22 nM and a Bmax of 723 fmol/mg of protein. Unlabeled LY303870 potently inhibited the binding with an IC50 of 0.56 nM, whereas the less active (S)-enantiomer (LY306155) was substantially less potent. The nonpeptide NK-1 antagonists (+/-)-CP96,345 and (+/-)-RP 67580 had IC50 values of 0.74 and 49 nM, respectively. Substance P (SP) was also a potent inhibitor with with an IC50 of 3.1 nM. The inhibition by SP could be separated into two components: a high-affinity component with a Ki of 0.53 nM and a lower-affinity component with a Ki of 155 nM. Addition of 100 microM guanylyl 5'-imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] in the incubation increased the relative amount of the low-affinity agonist state of the receptor. Consistent with the antagonist properties of LY303870, the dissociation rate of [3H]-LY303870 was not changed by the presence of 100 microM Gpp(NH)p. The distribution of [3H]LY303870 binding sites in the guinea pig brain closely matched the distribution of NK-1 receptors labeled by [3H]SP. Therefore, [3H]LY303870 is a potent and selective antagonist radioligand for NK-1 receptors in guinea pig brain. In addition, regulation of NK-1 agonist affinity by guanine nucleotides is similar to that seen for monoaminergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Gehlert
- CNS Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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Hipskind PA, Howbert JJ, Bruns RF, Cho SS, Crowell TA, Foreman MM, Gehlert DR, Iyengar S, Johnson KW, Krushinski JH, Li DL, Lobb KL, Mason NR, Muehl BS, Nixon JA, Phebus LA, Regoli D, Simmons RM, Threlkeld PG, Waters DC, Gitter BD. 3-Aryl-1,2-diacetamidopropane derivatives as novel and potent NK-1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1996; 39:736-48. [PMID: 8576917 DOI: 10.1021/jm950616c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early structure-activity studies on racemic tryptophan ester and amide NK-1 antagonists 5-7 led to the discovery that the potency of the series could be markedly increased by moving the carbonyl function in these molecules to an off-chain position as in the 3-aryl-1,2-diacetamidopropane 9. Further medicinal chemistry incorporating this change resulted in the discovery of a novel series of highly potent aryl amino acid derived NK-1 antagonists of the R stereoisomeric series (IC50's = 100 pM to > 5 microM). Compounds in this series were shown to be competitive antagonists using an in vitro NK-1 smooth muscle assay, and this data correlated well with observed human NK-1 binding affinities. Two of these agents, (R)-25 and (R)-32, blocked intrathecal NK-1 agonist-driven [Ac-[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]- substance P 6-11 (Ac-Sar9)] nociceptive behavior in mice. Both compounds potently blocked the neurogenic dural inflammation following trigeminal ganglion stimulation in the guinea pig after intravenous administration. Further, upon oral administration in this model, (R)-32 was observed to be very potent (ID50 = 91 ng/kg) and have a long duration of action (> 8 h at 1 micrograms/kg). Compound (R)-32, designated LY303870, is currently under clinical development as an NK-1 antagonist with a long duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Hipskind
- Central Nervous System Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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Trost BM, Hipskind PA, Chung JYL, Chan C. The Effect of Acetylene Substituents on a PdII-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization. Total Synthesis of (-)-Sterepolide and Assignment of Absolute Stereochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198915021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Trost BM, Hipskind PA, Chung JYL, Chan C. Der Einfluß von Substituenten einer Acetyleneinheit auf eine PdII-katalysierte Cycloisomerisierung; Totalsynthese von (-)-Sterepolid und Bestimmung der absoluten Konfiguration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19891011125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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