1
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Smith A, Wall RJ, Patterson S, Rowan T, Rico Vidal E, Stojanovski L, Huggett M, Hampton SE, Thomas MG, Corpas Lopez V, Gillingwater K, Duke J, Napier G, Peter R, Vitouley HS, Harrison JR, Milne R, Jeacock L, Baker N, Davis SH, Simeons F, Riley J, Horn D, Brun R, Zuccotto F, Witty MJ, Wyllie S, Read KD, Gilbert IH. Repositioning of a Diaminothiazole Series Confirmed to Target the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase CRK12 for Use in the Treatment of African Animal Trypanosomiasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5606-5624. [PMID: 35303411 PMCID: PMC9014415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
African animal trypanosomiasis or nagana, caused principally by infection of the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax, is a major problem in cattle and other livestocks in sub-Saharan Africa. Current treatments are threatened by the emergence of drug resistance and there is an urgent need for new, effective drugs. Here, we report the repositioning of a compound series initially developed for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. A medicinal chemistry program, focused on deriving more soluble analogues, led to development of a lead compound capable of curing cattle infected with both T. congolense and T. vivax via intravenous dosing. Further optimization has the potential to yield a single-dose intramuscular treatment for this disease. Comprehensive mode of action studies revealed that the molecular target of this promising compound and related analogues is the cyclin-dependent kinase CRK12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair Smith
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Wall
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Patterson
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Rowan
- GALVmed, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science
Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Rico Vidal
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Huggett
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Shahienaz E. Hampton
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. Thomas
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Victoriano Corpas Lopez
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Gillingwater
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeff Duke
- University
of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB United Kingdom
| | - Grant Napier
- GALVmed, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science
Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Peter
- GALVmed, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science
Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hervé S. Vitouley
- Centre
International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage
en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), No 559 ru
5-31 angle Av. du Gouverneur Louveau, 01 BP: 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Justin R. Harrison
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Milne
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jeacock
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Baker
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Susan H. Davis
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick Simeons
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - David Horn
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Witty
- GALVmed, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science
Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Wyllie
- Wellcome
Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry
and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H. Gilbert
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, United Kingdom
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2
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Ray P, Huggett M, Turner PA, Taylor M, Cleghorn LAT, Early J, Kumar A, Bonnett SA, Flint L, Joerss D, Johnson J, Korkegian A, Mullen S, Moure AL, Davis SH, Murugesan D, Mathieson M, Caldwell N, Engelhart CA, Schnappinger D, Epemolu O, Zuccotto F, Riley J, Scullion P, Stojanovski L, Massoudi L, Robertson GT, Lenaerts AJ, Freiberg G, Kempf DJ, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Odingo J, Read KD, Green SR, Wyatt PG, Parish T. Spirocycle MmpL3 Inhibitors with Improved hERG and Cytotoxicity Profiles as Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth. ACS Omega 2021; 6:2284-2311. [PMID: 33521468 PMCID: PMC7841955 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is a pressing need for new oral drugs with novel mechanisms of action. A number of scaffolds with potent anti-tubercular in vitro activity have been identified from phenotypic screening that appear to target MmpL3. However, the scaffolds are typically lipophilic, which facilitates partitioning into hydrophobic membranes, and several contain basic amine groups. Highly lipophilic basic amines are typically cytotoxic against mammalian cell lines and have associated off-target risks, such as inhibition of human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) and IKr potassium current modulation. The spirocycle compound 3 was reported to target MmpL3 and displayed promising efficacy in a murine model of acute tuberculosis (TB) infection. However, this highly lipophilic monobasic amine was cytotoxic and inhibited the hERG ion channel. Herein, the related spirocycles (1-2) are described, which were identified following phenotypic screening of the Eli Lilly corporate library against M. tuberculosis. The novel N-alkylated pyrazole portion offered improved physicochemical properties, and optimization led to identification of a zwitterion series, exemplified by lead 29, with decreased HepG2 cytotoxicity as well as limited hERG ion channel inhibition. Strains with mutations in MmpL3 were resistant to 29, and under replicating conditions, 29 demonstrated bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis. Unfortunately, compound 29 had no efficacy in an acute model of TB infection; this was most likely due to the in vivo exposure remaining above the minimal inhibitory concentration for only a limited time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
C. Ray
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Margaret Huggett
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Penelope A. Turner
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Malcolm Taylor
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Laura A. T. Cleghorn
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Julie Early
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Anuradha Kumar
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Shilah A. Bonnett
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Lindsay Flint
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Douglas Joerss
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - James Johnson
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Aaron Korkegian
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Steven Mullen
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Abraham L. Moure
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Susan H. Davis
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Dinakaran Murugesan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Michael Mathieson
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Nicola Caldwell
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Curtis A. Engelhart
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell
Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Paul Scullion
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Lisa Massoudi
- Mycobacteria
Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, United States
| | - Gregory T. Robertson
- Mycobacteria
Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, United States
| | - Anne J. Lenaerts
- Mycobacteria
Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, United States
| | - Gail Freiberg
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dale J. Kempf
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Discovery
Chemistry Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Centre, MC/87/02/203, G17, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Joshua Odingo
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Simon R. Green
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery,
College of Life Sciences, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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3
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Park Y, Pacitto A, Bayliss T, Cleghorn LAT, Wang Z, Hartman T, Arora K, Ioerger TR, Sacchettini J, Rizzi M, Donini S, Blundell TL, Ascher DB, Rhee K, Breda A, Zhou N, Dartois V, Jonnala SR, Via LE, Mizrahi V, Epemolu O, Stojanovski L, Simeons F, Osuna-Cabello M, Ellis L, MacKenzie CJ, Smith ARC, Davis SH, Murugesan D, Buchanan KI, Turner PA, Huggett M, Zuccotto F, Rebollo-Lopez MJ, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Sanz O, Diaz GS, Lelièvre J, Ballell L, Selenski C, Axtman M, Ghidelli-Disse S, Pflaumer H, Bösche M, Drewes G, Freiberg GM, Kurnick MD, Srikumaran M, Kempf DJ, Green SR, Ray PC, Read K, Wyatt P, Barry CE, Boshoff HI. Essential but Not Vulnerable: Indazole Sulfonamides Targeting Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase as Potential Leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:18-33. [PMID: 27704782 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A potent, noncytotoxic indazole sulfonamide was identified by high-throughput screening of >100,000 synthetic compounds for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This noncytotoxic compound did not directly inhibit cell wall biogenesis but triggered a slow lysis of Mtb cells as measured by release of intracellular green fluorescent protein (GFP). Isolation of resistant mutants followed by whole-genome sequencing showed an unusual gene amplification of a 40 gene region spanning from Rv3371 to Rv3411c and in one case a potential promoter mutation upstream of guaB2 (Rv3411c) encoding inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Subsequent biochemical validation confirmed direct inhibition of IMPDH by an uncompetitive mode of inhibition, and growth inhibition could be rescued by supplementation with guanine, a bypass mechanism for the IMPDH pathway. Beads containing immobilized indazole sulfonamides specifically interacted with IMPDH in cell lysates. X-ray crystallography of the IMPDH-IMP-inhibitor complex revealed that the primary interactions of these compounds with IMPDH were direct pi-pi interactions with the IMP substrate. Advanced lead compounds in this series with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties failed to show efficacy in acute or chronic murine models of tuberculosis (TB). Time-kill experiments in vitro suggest that sustained exposure to drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 24 h were required for a cidal effect, levels that have been difficult to achieve in vivo. Direct measurement of guanine levels in resected lung tissue from tuberculosis-infected animals and patients revealed 0.5-2 mM concentrations in caseum and normal lung tissue. The high lesional levels of guanine and the slow lytic, growth-rate-dependent effect of IMPDH inhibition pose challenges to developing drugs against this target for use in treating TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Park
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Angela Pacitto
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Bayliss
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A. T. Cleghorn
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Travis Hartman
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jim Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio
6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Donini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio
6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Ascher
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Kyu Rhee
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ardala Breda
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nian Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Veronique Dartois
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Surendranadha Reddy Jonnala
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Simeons
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ellis
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. MacKenzie
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair R. C. Smith
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Susan H. Davis
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dinakaran Murugesan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsteen I. Buchanan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope A. Turner
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Huggett
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jose Rebollo-Lopez
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olalla Sanz
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Santos Diaz
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joël Lelièvre
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Selenski
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Crescent Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, United States
| | - Matthew Axtman
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Crescent Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, United States
| | - Sonja Ghidelli-Disse
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Pflaumer
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bösche
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gail M. Freiberg
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Matthew D. Kurnick
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Myron Srikumaran
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dale J. Kempf
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Simon R. Green
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Ray
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Read
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wyatt
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
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4
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Abstract
Two sets of experiments are performed, one for the free spreading of a liquid drop on a glass substrate and the other for the forced motion of a glass plate through a gas-liquid interface. The measured macroscopic advancing contact angle, θA, versus the contact line speed, U, differ markedly between the two configurations. The hydrodynamic theory (HDT) and the molecular kinetic theory (MKT) are shown to apply separately to the two systems. This distinction has not been previously noted. Rules of thumb are given that for an experimentalist involve a priori knowledge of the expected behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohammad Karim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Complex Fluids and Interfacial Physics Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - S H Davis
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - H P Kavehpour
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Complex Fluids and Interfacial Physics Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Abstract
An elastic membrane stretched between two walls takes a shape defined by its length and the volume of fluid it encloses. Many biological structures, such as cells, mitochondria and coiled DNA, have fine internal structure in which a membrane (or elastic member) is geometrically 'confined' by another object. Here, the two-dimensional shape of an elastic membrane in a 'confining' box is studied by introducing a repulsive confinement pressure that prevents the membrane from intersecting the wall. The stage is set by contrasting confined and unconfined solutions. Continuation methods are then used to compute response diagrams, from which we identify the particular membrane mechanics that generate mitochondria-like shapes. Large confinement pressures yield complex response diagrams with secondary bifurcations and multiple turning points where modal identities may change. Regions in parameter space where such behaviour occurs are then mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Bostwick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - M J Miksis
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - S H Davis
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Vogl CJ, Miksis MJ, Davis SH, Salac D. The effect of glass-forming sugars on vesicle morphology and water distribution during drying. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:rsif.2014.0646. [PMID: 25142522 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation requires that stored materials be kept at extremely low temperatures and uses cryoprotectants that are toxic to cells at high concentrations. Lyopreservation is a potential alternative where stored materials can remain at room temperatures. That storage process involves desiccating cells filled with special glass-forming sugars. However, current desiccation techniques fail to produce viable cells, and researchers suspect that incomplete vitrification of the cells is to blame. To explore this hypothesis, a cell is modelled as a lipid vesicle to monitor the water content and membrane deformation during desiccation. The vesicle is represented as a moving, bending-resistant, inextensible interface and is tracked by a level set method. The vesicle is placed in a fluid containing a spatially varying sugar concentration field. The glass-forming nature is modelled through a concentration-dependent diffusivity and viscosity. It is found that there are optimal regimes for the values of the osmotic flow parameter and of the concentration dependence of the diffusivity to limit water trapping in the vesicle. Furthermore, it is found that the concentration dependencies of the diffusivity and viscosity can have profound effects on membrane deformations, which may have significant implications for vesicle damage during the desiccation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Vogl
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3125, USA
| | - M J Miksis
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3125, USA
| | - S H Davis
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3125, USA
| | - D Salac
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 318 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4400, USA
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7
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Kirkinis E, Davis SH. Hydrodynamic theory of liquid slippage on a solid substrate near a moving contact line. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:234503. [PMID: 25167500 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.234503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter a hydrodynamic theory of liquid slippage on a solid substrate near a moving contact line is proposed. A family of spatially varying slip lengths in the Navier slip law recovers the results of past formulations for slip in continuum theories and molecular dynamics simulations and is consistent with well-established experimental observations of complete wetting. This formulation gives a general approach for continuum hydrodynamic theories. New fluid flow behaviors are also predicted yet to be seen in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kirkinis
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3125, USA
| | - S H Davis
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3125, USA
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8
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Krülle TM, Barba O, Davis SH, Dawson G, Procter MJ, Staroske T, Thomas GH. A simple route to 6- and 7-fluoro-substituted naphthalene-1-carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Golovin AA, Davis SH, Voorhees PW. Self-organization of quantum dots in epitaxially strained solid films. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 68:056203. [PMID: 14682867 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.056203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A nonlinear evolution equation for surface-diffusion-driven Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld instability of an epitaxially strained thin solid film on a solid substrate is derived in the case where the film wets the substrate. It is found that the presence of a weak wetting interaction between the film and the substrate can substantially retard the instability and modify its spectrum in such a way that the formation of spatially regular arrays of islands or pits on the film surface becomes possible. It is shown that the self-organization dynamics is significantly affected by the presence of the Goldstone mode associated with the conservation of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Golovin
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3100, USA
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10
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Davis SH. No profession is without risk: what one state is doing ... Kentucky. Plast Surg Nurs 2003; 23:29, 33. [PMID: 12803099 DOI: 10.1097/00006527-200323010-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Davis
- Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bellarmine College, Louisville, KY, USA
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Savina TV, Golovin AA, Davis SH, Nepomnyashchy AA, Voorhees PW. Faceting of a growing crystal surface by surface diffusion. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:021606. [PMID: 12636691 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.021606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2002] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Consider faceting of a crystal surface caused by strongly anisotropic surface tension, driven by surface diffusion and accompanied by deposition (etching) due to fluxes normal to the surface. Nonlinear evolution equations describing the faceting of 1+1 and 2+1 crystal surfaces are studied analytically, by means of matched asymptotic expansions for small growth rates, and numerically otherwise. Stationary shapes and dynamics of faceted pyramidal structures are found as functions of the growth rate. In the 1+1 case it is shown that a solitary hill as well as periodic hill-and-valley solutions are unique, while solutions in the form of a solitary valley form a one-parameter family. It is found that with the increase of the growth rate, the faceting dynamics exhibits transitions from the power-law coarsening to the formation of pyramidal structures with a fixed average size and finally to spatiotemporally chaotic surfaces resembling the kinetic roughening.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Savina
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3100, USA
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12
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Davis SH. The nursing shortage: whose problem is it anyway? Plast Surg Nurs 2002; 22:36-7. [PMID: 12035344 DOI: 10.1097/00006527-200222010-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Davis
- Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bellarmine College, Louisville, KY, USA
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Golovin AA, Nepomnyashchy AA, Davis SH, Zaks MA. Convective Cahn-Hilliard models: from coarsening to roughening. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:1550-1553. [PMID: 11290190 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate that convective Cahn-Hilliard models, describing phase separation of driven systems (e.g., faceting of growing thermodynamically unstable crystal surfaces), exhibit, with the increase of the driving force, a transition from the usual coarsening regime to a chaotic behavior without coarsening via a pattern-forming state characterized by the formation of various stationary and traveling periodic structures as well as structures with localized oscillations. Relation of this phenomenon to a kinetic roughening of thermodynamically unstable surfaces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Golovin
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3100, USA
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15
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Ajaev VS, Davis SH. Three-dimensional effects in directional solidification in hele-shaw cells: nonlinear evolution and pattern selection. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:1275-84. [PMID: 11046405 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Directional solidification of a dilute binary alloy in a Hele-Shaw cell is modeled by a long-wave nonlinear evolution equation with zero flux and contact-angle conditions at the walls. The basic steady-state solution and its linear stability criteria are found analytically, and the nonlinear system is solved numerically. Concave-down (toward the solid) interfaces under physically realistic conditions are found to be more unstable than the planar front. Weakly nonlinear analysis indicates that subcritical bifurcation is promoted, the domain of modulational instability is expanded and transition to three-dimensional patterns is delayed due to the contact-angle condition. In the strongly nonlinear regime fully three-dimensional steady-state solutions are found whose characteristic amplitude is larger than that for the two-dimensional problem. In the subcritical regime secondary bifurcation to stable solutions is promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- VS Ajaev
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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16
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Grimm HP, Davis SH, McFadden GB. Steps, kinetic anisotropy, and long-wavelength instabilities in directional solidification. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 59:5629-40. [PMID: 11969546 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.59.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We consider the effect of anisotropic interface kinetics on long-wavelength instabilities during the directional solidification of a binary alloy having a vicinal interface. Linear theory predicts that a planar solidification front is stabilized under the effect of anisotropy as long as the segregation coefficient is small enough, whereas a novel instability appears at high rates of solidification. Furthermore, the neutral stability curve, indicating the values of the principal control parameter (here the morphological number) for which the growth rate of a sinusoidal perturbation of a given wavelength changes its sign, is shown to have up to three branches, two of them combining to form an isola for certain values of the control parameters. We identify conditions for which linear stability theory predicts the instability of the planar interface to long-wavelength traveling waves. A number of distinguished limits provide evolution equations that describe the resulting dynamical behavior of the crystal-melt interface and generalize previous work by Sivashinsky, Brattkus, and Davis and Riley and Davis. Bifurcation analysis and numerical computations for the derived evolution equations show that the anisotropy is able to promote the tendency to supercritical bifurcation, and also leads to the development of strongly preferred interface orientations for finite-amplitude deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Grimm
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic constipation is a common symptom in pediatrics, and physicians often use mineral oil to treat chronic constipation in children. Mineral oil, a hydrocarbon, may not elicit a normal protective cough reflex and may impair mucociliary transport. These effects can increase the likelihood of its aspiration and subsequent impaired clearance from the respiratory tract. We report a case of a child with neurodevelopmental delay with chronic constipation and a history of chronic mineral oil ingestion presenting as asymptomatic exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP). CASE HISTORY A 6-year-old white boy with a history of developmental delay was found to have an infiltrate in his right upper lobe on a chest radiograph obtained during evaluation for thoracic scoliosis. The patient had a long history of constipation with daily use of mineral oil. He was fed by mouth and had occasional episodes of coughing and choking during feeding. He was asymptomatic at presentation and physical examination was unremarkable. The patient was advised to stop administration of the mineral oil and was treated empirically with antibiotics during a 3-month period. At follow-up examination the patient continued to be asymptomatic, with the radiologic persistence of the infiltrate. Diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia was made by diagnostic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The exogenous origin of the lipid in the BAL fluid was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. DISCUSSION The clinical presentation of ELP is nonspecific and ranges from the totally asymptomatic patient with incidental radiologic finding, like our patient, to the patient with acute or chronic symptoms attributable to pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, or cor pulmonale. Bronchoscopy with BAL can be successful in establishing the diagnosis of ELP by demonstration of a high lipid-laden macrophage index. Treatment of ELP in children is generally supportive, with the symptoms and roentgenographic abnormalities resolving within months after stopping the use of mineral oil. CONCLUSION Lipoid pneumonia as a result of mineral oil aspiration still occurs in the pediatric population. It can mimic other diseases because of its nonspecific clinical presentation and radiographic signs. In patients with swallowing dysfunction and pneumonia, a history of mineral oil use should be obtained and a diagnosis of ELP should be considered in the differential diagnoses if mineral oil use has occurred. Our case points to the need for increased awareness by the general pediatricians of the potential hazards of mineral oil use for chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Bandla
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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18
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Simakajornboon N, Davis SH. New therapies for cystic fibrosis. J La State Med Soc 1998; 150:629-37. [PMID: 9926704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In the decade since the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF) was identified, our understanding of the pathophysiology of CF pulmonary disease has significantly improved. The current model for CF lung disease suggests several levels at which clinical interventions may be made in an attempt to alter the natural course of disease progression. The first part of this review highlights some of the progress made in novel forms of therapy directed at earlier portions of the pathophysiologic cascade such as gene therapy, protein therapy, and ion-transport regulatory therapy. New developments in well-established modes of therapy such as mucolytic therapy, airway clearance therapy, and antibiotic therapy are discussed next. The review concludes with a look at the use of two forms of therapy that have been adapted to CF care, anti-inflammatory therapy and lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Simakajornboon
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine-New Orleans, USA
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19
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Davis SH, O'Donnell TK, Cabage BA. The resource utilization system for cost allocation in invasive cardiology. J Cardiovasc Manag 1997; 8:17-26. [PMID: 10166015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Davis
- Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA
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20
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Huntley DA, Davis SH. Effect of latent heat on oscillatory and cellular mode coupling in rapid directional solidification. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:3132-3144. [PMID: 9983822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Subcutaneous emphysema is an unusual complication of bronchiolitis. The investigators describe a patient with bronchiolitis who developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema. Despite an alarming appearance, the patient recovered with symptomatic care and observation. Review of the literature shows a multitude of causes of subcutaneous emphysema. The vast majority of cases resolve without intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Hopkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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22
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Spencer BJ, Davis SH, Voorhees PW. Morphological instability in epitaxially strained dislocation-free solid films: Nonlinear evolution. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:9760-9777. [PMID: 10005048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Braun RJ, Merchant GJ, Davis SH. Pulsatile- and cellular-mode interaction in rapid directional solidification. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:7002-7016. [PMID: 10000469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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25
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Spencer BJ, Voorhees PW, Davis SH. Morphological instability in epitaxially strained dislocation-free solid films. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67:3696-3699. [PMID: 10044802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Molgaard CP, Teitelbaum GP, Pentecost MJ, Finck EJ, Davis SH, Dziubinski JE, Daniels JR. Intraarterial administration of lidocaine for analgesia in hepatic chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1990; 1:81-5. [PMID: 1966862 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(90)72508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic chemoembolization (HCE) routinely results in severe pain requiring massive doses of intravenously administered narcotics. This study examines the efficacy and safety of lidocaine administered intraarterially for analgesia in HCE. In 45 HCE procedures, lidocaine was injected into hepatic arterial branches just prior to and during chemoembolization. Adjunctive analgesic doses given during the procedure and the need for a morphine sulfate drip infusion for postprocedural pain control were recorded and compared with those in 20 procedures performed previously without lidocaine. In procedures with lidocaine, an average of 0.13 mg of morphine sulfate and 1.3 mg of midazolam were required. This is significantly lower than the 11.7 mg of morphine sulfate and 3.7 mg of midazolam used during procedures without lidocaine. A postprocedural morphine drip infusion was required for control of severe pain in 16 of 20 (80%) procedures performed without lidocaine compared with nine of 45 (20%) of those performed with lidocaine. Peripheral blood levels of lidocaine were well below the toxic level, and no complications referable to lidocaine toxicity occurred. Marked reductions in the amount of narcotic analgesia in HCE procedures may be safely achieved with the administration of intraarterial lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Molgaard
- Department of Radiology, Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center 90033
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Abstract
A method to improve the fit of castings by the use of a light-bodied condensation silicone impression material was tested. Eighteen-full coverage castings were made on individual resin dies and divided into two groups. The experimental group was adjusted internally to a uniform precementation space by using the silicone impression material as a disclosing agent for binding of the castings on the axial or occlusal walls. Measurements of marginal fit were made with a light microscope using a filar eyepiece both externally and internally by sectioning after cementation with a zinc phosphate cement. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in marginal seal and occlusal seating in the experimental group compared with the control group. The condensation silicone material proved to be an appropriate research tool for nondestructive, three-dimensional evaluation of the postcementation space and offers a new method of evaluation of cement thickness because seating was found to be not significantly different from that with zinc phosphate cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Davis
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
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Davis SH. Excellence in dentistry: mandibular repositioning appliances. Dent Manage 1989; 29:42-8. [PMID: 2635114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Crown fit may be three-dimensionally mapped by using a nondestructive optical technique. Reflected light transmission through thicknesses of a colored impression material was shown to follow the Beer-Lambert relationship over a range of approximately 10 to 300 microns, a useful range of interest for study of cement layer thickness. Control thicknesses of impression material were first formed between the measuring platens of a micrometer, and light transmission values (relative reflections) were measured through these control thicknesses of impression material held against air-abraded, noncast gold alloy. Relative reflection values were similarly measured from impression material formed inside cast gold crowns seated on their respective dies and these values were plotted against direct thickness measurements by using the Beer-Lambert relationship. It was established that the micrometer-produced control specimens yielded a valid standard curve for use with the cast gold crowns. Precementation space measurements determined photometrically were found to correlate significantly (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001) with zinc phosphate cement thickness measured on subsequently cemented and cross-sectioned crowns. A three-dimensional representation of the precementation space inside one crown was developed after mapping of 45 points in less than 5 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kelly
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Hidalgo
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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Abstract
We describe a neonate with an accessory diaphragm, a rare congenital anomaly. It almost always occurs in the right hemithorax, which appears diffusely hazy on the anterior chest roentgenogram. The lateral chest roentgenogram is essential in the diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Hopkins
- Tulane University School of Medicine and Medical Center, New Orleans
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Witte DL, Angstadt DS, Davis SH, Schrantz RD. Predicting bone marrow iron stores in anemic patients in a community hospital using ferritin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Am J Clin Pathol 1988; 90:85-7. [PMID: 3389347 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/90.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-three consecutive cases from a community hospital with concomitant bone marrow iron stain, serum ferritin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were reviewed. Cases were classified as iron present or absent by the bone marrow iron stain. A two-dimensional linear graphic relationship between ferritin and ESR correctly identified six of nine iron-deficient patients and 32 of 34 iron-present patients. Four cases yielded indeterminate results. One complex iron-deficient case was incorrectly classified. This graphic method developed with data from tertiary care patients was correct in 88.4% of cases, incorrect in 2.3%, and indeterminate in 9.3%. When absent iron stores were graphically predicted, the predictive value was 100%. When iron deficiency was graphically excluded, the predictive value was 97%. The authors conclude the graphic method is useful in a community hospital practice for the confirmation or exclusion of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Witte
- Laboratory Control, Ltd., Ottumwa, Iowa
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Davis SH. Excellence in dentistry: posterior cast gold onlays. Dent Manage 1988; 28:52-4. [PMID: 3163595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
A group of 107 patients with cystic fibrosis and a control group of 64 normal members of households of patients with cystic fibrosis were surveyed for Giardia lamblia cysts and trophozoites by counterimmunoelectrophoresis of fecal samples. The patient group had a significantly higher rate of infestation than the control group (28.0% vs 6.3%, P = 0.0006), and the disparity between the two groups increased with age (P = 0.005). Aside from cystic fibrosis, all risk factors examined were without influence, except for the presence of household members less than or equal to 5 years of age. We conclude that our patients with cystic fibrosis have a previously unrecognized increased prevalence of giardiasis compared with that in a control population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
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Young GW, Davis SH. Directional solidification with buoyancy in systems with small segregation coefficient. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1986; 34:3388-3396. [PMID: 9940077 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Davis SH, Van Dyke K, Robinson RL. The uptake and release of proscillaridin-3H by several tissues of the guinea pig after oral administration. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1969; 177:231-7. [PMID: 5389660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Vacca L, Fujimori M, Davis SH, Marrazzi AS. Cerebral synaptic transmission and behavioral effects of dimethoxyphenylethylamine: a potential psychotogen. Science 1968; 160:95-6. [PMID: 4296006 DOI: 10.1126/science.160.3823.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoxyphenylethylamine, like mescaline which it resembles, impairs cerebral synaptic transmission and behavior in cats. It has properties associated with hallucinogens and, on this score, qualifies as a potential inducer of psychosis. The idea of such an endogenous inducer is thus reaffirmed by the candidacy of dimethoxyphenylethylamine.
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