51
|
Wu Y, Chen X, Wang S, Wang S. Advances in the relationship between glycosyltransferases and multidrug resistance in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:417-421. [PMID: 31102590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite great progress in clinical treatment, cancer remains a serious health problem contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy is a common therapeutic measure, multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a major challenge that often leads to poor prognosis. The abnormal expression of glycosyltransferases (GTs) leading to aberrant glycosylation patterns are considered a marker of cancer. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of these glycoconjugates has been associated with tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Recently, studies have found that GTs are involved in mediating MDR in cancer cells through complex mechanisms and can influence therapeutic effect. In this review, we focus on several types of cancers and summarize previous studies on the correlation between GTs and MDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, China
| | - Shidan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ahuja S, Whorton MR. Structural basis for mammalian nucleotide sugar transport. eLife 2019; 8:45221. [PMID: 30985278 PMCID: PMC6508934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-sugar transporters (NSTs) are critical components of the cellular glycosylation machinery. They transport nucleotide-sugar conjugates into the Golgi lumen, where they are used for the glycosylation of proteins and lipids, and they then subsequently transport the nucleotide monophosphate byproduct back to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of human NSTs causes several debilitating diseases, and NSTs are virulence factors for many pathogens. Here we present the first crystal structures of a mammalian NST, the mouse CMP-sialic acid transporter (mCST), in complex with its physiological substrates CMP and CMP-sialic acid. Detailed visualization of extensive protein-substrate interactions explains the mechanisms governing substrate selectivity. Further structural analysis of mCST’s unique lumen-facing partially-occluded conformation, coupled with the characterization of substrate-induced quenching of mCST’s intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, reveals the concerted conformational transitions that occur during substrate transport. These results provide a framework for understanding the effects of disease-causing mutations and the mechanisms of this diverse family of transporters. The cells in our body are tiny machines which, amongst other things, produce proteins. One of the production steps involves a compartment in the cell called the Golgi, where proteins are tagged and packaged before being sent to their final destination. In particular, sugars can be added onto an immature protein to help to fold it, stabilize it, and to affect how it works. Before sugars can be attached to a protein, they need to be ‘activated’ outside of the Golgi by attaching to a small molecule known as a nucleotide. Then, these ‘nucleotide-sugars’ are ferried across the Golgi membrane and inside the compartment by nucleotide-sugar transporters, or NSTs. Humans have seven different kinds of NSTs, each responsible for helping specific types of nucleotide-sugars cross the Golgi membrane. Changes in NSTs are linked to several human diseases, including certain types of epilepsy; these proteins are also important for dangerous microbes to be able to infect cells. Yet, scientists know very little about how the transporters recognize their cargo, and how they transport it. To shed light on these questions, Ahuja and Whorton set to uncover for the first time the 3D structure of a mammalian NST using a method known as X-ray crystallography. This revealed how nearly every component of this transporter is arranged when the protein is bound to two different molecules: a specific nucleotide, or a type of nucleotide-sugar. The results help to understand how changes in certain components of the NST can lead to a problem in the way the protein works. Ultimately, this knowledge may be useful to prevent diseases linked to faulty NSTs, or to stop microbes from using the transporters to their own advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Ahuja
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Matthew R Whorton
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wang M, Zhu J, Lubman DM, Gao C. Aberrant glycosylation and cancer biomarker discovery: a promising and thorny journey. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:407-416. [PMID: 30138110 PMCID: PMC6785348 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is among the most important post-translational modifications for proteins and is of intrinsic complex character compared with DNAs and naked proteins. Indeed, over 50%-70% of proteins in circulation are glycosylated, and the "sweet attachments" have versatile structural and functional implications. Both the configuration and composition of the attached glycans affect the biological activities of consensus proteins significantly. Glycosylation is generated by complex biosynthetic pathways comprising hundreds of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, transcriptional factors, transporters and the protein backbone. In addition, lack of direct genetic templates and glyco-specific antibodies such as those commonly used in DNA amplification and protein capture makes research on glycans and glycoproteins even more difficult, thus resulting in sparse knowledge on the pathophysiological implications of glycosylation. Fortunately, cutting-edge technologies have afforded new opportunities and approaches for investigating cancer-related glycosylation. Thus, glycans as well as aberrantly glycosylated protein-based cancer biomarkers have been increasingly recognized. This mini-review highlights the most recent developments in glyco-biomarker studies in an effort to discover clinically relevant cancer biomarkers using advanced analytical methodologies such as mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatographic/ultra-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and lectin-based technologies. Recent clinical-centered glycobiological studies focused on determining the regulatory mechanisms and the relation with diagnostics, prognostics and even therapeutics are also summarized. These studies indicate that glycomics is a treasure waiting to be mined where the growth of cancer-related glycomics and glycoproteomics is the next great challenge after genomics and proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Heise T, Pijnenborg JFA, Büll C, van Hilten N, Kers-Rebel ED, Balneger N, Elferink H, Adema GJ, Boltje TJ. Potent Metabolic Sialylation Inhibitors Based on C-5-Modified Fluorinated Sialic Acids. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1014-1021. [PMID: 30543426 PMCID: PMC6348442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Sialic
acid sugars on mammalian cells regulate numerous biological
processes, while aberrant expression of sialic acid is associated
with diseases such as cancer and pathogenic infection. Inhibition
of the sialic acid biosynthesis may therefore hold considerable therapeutic
potential. To effectively decrease the sialic acid expression, we
synthesized C-5-modified 3-fluoro sialic acid sialyltransferase inhibitors.
We found that C-5 carbamates significantly enhanced and prolonged
the inhibitory activity in multiple mouse and human cell lines. As
an underlying mechanism, we have identified that carbamate-modified
3-fluoro sialic acid inhibitors are more efficiently metabolized to
their active cytidine monophosphate analogues, reaching higher effective
inhibitor concentrations inside cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Heise
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ , The Netherlands
| | - Johan F A Pijnenborg
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ , The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA , The Netherlands
| | - Niek van Hilten
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Leiden 2333 CC , The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA , The Netherlands
| | - Natasja Balneger
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA , The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ , The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA , The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Sialic acid as a target for the development of novel antiangiogenic strategies. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2835-2854. [PMID: 30539670 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid is associated with glycoproteins and gangliosides of eukaryotic cells. It regulates various molecular interactions, being implicated in inflammation and cancer, where its expression is regulated by sialyltransferases and sialidases. Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries, takes place during inflammation and cancer, and represents the outcome of several interactions occurring at the endothelial surface among angiogenic growth factors, inhibitors, receptors, gangliosides and cell-adhesion molecules. Here, we elaborate on the evidences that many structures involved in angiogenesis are sialylated and that their interactions depend on sialic acid with implications in angiogenesis itself, inflammation and cancer. We also discuss the possibility to exploit sialic acid as a target for the development of novel antiangiogenic drugs.
Collapse
|
57
|
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yu M, Wang H, Liu J, Qin H, Liu S, Yan Q. The sialyltransferase ST3Gal3 facilitates the receptivity of the uterine endometrium
in vitro
and
in vivo. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3696-3707. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering Dalian Medical University China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering Dalian Medical University China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering Dalian Medical University China
| | - Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering Dalian Medical University China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering Dalian Medical University China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Sung PL, Wen KC, Horng HC, Chang CM, Chen YJ, Lee WL, Wang PH. The role of α2,3-linked sialylation on clear cell type epithelial ovarian cancer. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:255-263. [PMID: 29673670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study has shown that high expression of α2,3-sialytransferase type I was associated with advanced stage serous type epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of the current study further attempts to evaluate the altered α 2,3-sialylation on the behavior of clear cell type EOC (C-EOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining, bioinformatics analysis and tissue array were used to disclose the clinical significance of over α2,3-sialylation in C-EOC. An α2,3 sialylation inhibitor, soyasaponin I (SsaI) was used to investigate the behavior change of the C-EOC cell line. RESULTS We reconfirmed that α2,3-sialylation, instead of α2,6- sialylation, was associated with late-stage C-EOC. Soyasaponin I could inhibit α2,3-sialylation of C-EOC cell lines and increase E-cadherin expression with subsequently suppressing migration of C-EOC cells. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated the important role of α2,3-linked sialylation in C-EOC and targeting of α2,3-linked sialylation might offer as a potential therapeutic strategy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Lin Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huann-Cheng Horng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of BioMedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Vajaria BN, Patel KA, Patel PS. Role of aberrant glycosylation enzymes in oral cancer progression. J Carcinog 2018; 17:5. [PMID: 30294247 PMCID: PMC6166416 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Carcinogenesis, a multistep process involves sequential changes during neoplastic transformation. The various hallmarks of cancer aid in cell survival, proliferation, and dissemination. Aberrant glycosylation, a recently defined hallmark of cancer, is influenced by glycosylation enzymes during carcinogenesis. Therefore, the present study measured α-2,3 and α-2,6 sialyltransferase (ST), sialidase, and α-L-fucosidase activity in patients with oral precancerous conditions (OPC) and oral cancer patients. SUBJECTS: The study enrolled 100 oral cancer patients, 50 patients with OPC, 100 healthy controls, and 46 posttreatment follow-ups of oral cancer patients. Blood and saliva were collected from all the participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sialidase activity was measured by spectrofluorimetric method, α-2,3 and α-2,6 ST by ELISA using biotinylated lectins, and α-L-fucosidase by spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: The results depicted increased levels of sialidase, α-2,3 and α-2,6 ST, α-L-fucosidase in patients with OPC and oral cancer patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated significant discriminatory efficacy in distinguishing controls and oral cancer patients for serum and salivary sialidase and α-L-fucosidase activity, and serum α-2,6 ST. Furthermore, serum and salivary α-L-fucosidase activity and serum sialidase activity significantly distinguished controls and patients with OPC. Serum and salivary sialidase, α-L-fucosidase, and serum α-2,3 ST activity were higher in patients with metastasis as compared to nonmetastatic patients. Higher values of serum α-L-fucosidase activity were significantly associated with low-overall survival. CONCLUSION: The increased levels of enzymes correlated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis in oral cancer patients. The alterations in glycosyltransferases/glycosidases thus support the view of glycosylation as a hallmark of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhairavi N Vajaria
- Department of Cancer Biology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinjal A Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Volkers G, Lizak C, Niesser J, Rosell FI, Preidl J, Gnanapragassam VS, Horstkorte R, Rademann J, Strynadka NCJ. Structural Basis for Binding of Fluorescent CMP-Neu5Ac Mimetics to Enzymes of the Human ST8Sia Family. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2320-2328. [PMID: 30015474 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polysialyltransferases synthesize polysialic acid on cell surface-expressed glycoconjugates, which is crucial for developing processes and signaling pathways in eukaryotes. Recent advances in cancer research have rendered polysialyltransferases important drug targets because polysialic acid contributes to cancer cell progression, metastasis, and treatment of resistant tumors. To aid the development of high-throughput screening assays for polysialyltransferase inhibitors, we demonstrate that a previously developed class of fluorescent CMP-sialic acid mimetics for sialyltransferases has nanomolar affinities for oligo- and polysialyltransferases and can be used for the rapid screening of new polysialyltransferase inhibitors. We demonstrate that these CMP-Neu5Ac mimetics inhibit polysialylation in vitro and perform cell culture experiments, where we observe reduced polysialylation of NCAM. Furthermore, we describe the structural basis of CMP-Neu5Ac mimetics binding to the human oligosialyltransferase ST8SiaIII and extrapolate why their affinity is high for human polysialyltransferases. Our results show that this novel class of compounds is a promising tool for the development of potent and selective drugs against polysialyltransferase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Volkers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christian Lizak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jürgen Niesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Frederico I. Rosell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Johannes Preidl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vinayaga S. Gnanapragassam
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystraße 1, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ruediger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystraße 1, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie C. J. Strynadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
miR-146a and miR-146b promote proliferation, migration and invasion of follicular thyroid carcinoma via inhibition of ST8SIA4. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28028-28041. [PMID: 28427206 PMCID: PMC5438628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is a more aggressive form of thyroid cancer than the common papillary type. Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8SIA) family members are expressed in various cancers and may be associated with FTC progression. In this study, we measured ST8SIA family expression in two FTC cell lines with different invasive potentials (FTC-133 and FTC-238) and Nthy-ori 3-1 cell lines, as well as FTC and normal thyroid tissues. ST8SIA4 was downregulated in the highly invasive FTC-238 cells and FTC tissues. Additionally, ST8SIA4 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of FTC both in vitro and in vivo. miR-146a and miR-146b were previously shown to be upregulated in thyroid carcinoma, and bioinformatics analyses indicated that miR-146a and miR-146b inhibit ST8SIA4. We found that miR-146a and miR-146b were significantly upregulated in FTC and promoted tumour progression. Furthermore, ST8SIA4 restoration decreased the invasiveness of miR-146a/b-overexpressing FTC-133 cells, and ST8SIA4 suppression reversed the effects of miR-146a/b inhibition in FTC-238 cells. We showed that miR-146a/b activated the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway at least partially via suppression of ST8SIA4. Thus, our results demonstrate that miR-146a and miR-146b promote proliferation, migration and invasion of FTC via inhibition of ST8SIA4.
Collapse
|
63
|
Glycosylation: a hallmark of cancer? Glycoconj J 2016; 34:147-156. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
64
|
Szabo R, Skropeta D. Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:219-270. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Saliba RC, Pohl NL. Designing sugar mimetics: non-natural pyranosides as innovative chemical tools. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 34:127-134. [PMID: 27621102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The importance of oligosaccharides in myriad biological processes is becoming increasingly clear. However, these carbohydrate-mediated processes are often challenging to dissect due to the often poor affinity, stability and selectivity of the oligosaccharides involved. To circumvent these issues, non-natural carbohydrates-carbohydrate mimics-are being designed as innovative tools to modify biomolecules of interest or to understand biological pathways using fluorescence microscopy, X-ray or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). This review focuses on key examples of recently developed non-natural sugars to answer specific biological needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regis C Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, United States.
| | - Nicola Lb Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ortiz-Soto ME, Seibel J. Expression of Functional Human Sialyltransferases ST3Gal1 and ST6Gal1 in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155410. [PMID: 27166796 PMCID: PMC4864186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyltransferases (STs) are disulfide-containing, type II transmembrane glycoproteins that catalyze the transfer of sialic acid to proteins and lipids and participate in the synthesis of the core structure oligosaccharides of human milk. Sialic acids are found at the outermost position of glycostructures, playing a key role in health and disease. Sialylation is also essential for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins (RTPs). Despite their importance, availability of sialyltransferases is limited due to the low levels of stable, soluble and active protein produced in bacterial expression systems, which hampers biochemical and structural studies on these enzymes and restricts biotechnological applications. We report the successful expression of active human sialyltransferases ST3Gal1 and ST6Gal1 in commercial Escherichia coli strains designed for production of disulfide-containing proteins. Fusion of hST3Gal1 with different solubility enhancers and substitution of exposed hydrophobic amino acids by negatively charged residues (supercharging-like approach) were performed to promote solubility and folding. Co-expression of sialyltransferases with the chaperon/foldases sulfhydryl oxidase, protein disulfide isomerase and disulfide isomerase C was explored to improve the formation of native disulfide bonds. Active sialyltransferases fused with maltose binding protein (MBP) were obtained in sufficient amounts for biochemical and structural studies when expressed under oxidative conditions and co-expression of folding factors increased the yields of active and properly folded sialyltransferases by 20%. Mutation of exposed hydrophobic amino acids increased recovery of active enzyme by 2.5-fold, yielding about 7 mg of purified protein per liter culture. Functionality of recombinant enzymes was evaluated in the synthesis of sialosides from the β-d-galactoside substrates lactose, N-acetyllactosamine and benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)-α-d-galactopyranoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Ortiz-Soto
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Natoni A, Macauley MS, O'Dwyer ME. Targeting Selectins and Their Ligands in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:93. [PMID: 27148485 PMCID: PMC4834419 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer cells with increased evidence pointing to a role in tumor progression. In particular, aberrant sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids has been linked to increased immune cell evasion, drug evasion, drug resistance, tumor invasiveness, and vascular dissemination, leading to metastases. Hypersialylation of cancer cells is largely the result of overexpression of sialyltransferases (STs). Differentially, humans express twenty different STs in a tissue-specific manner, each of which catalyzes the attachment of sialic acids via different glycosidic linkages (α2-3, α2-6, or α2-8) to the underlying glycan chain. One important mechanism whereby overexpression of STs contributes to an enhanced metastatic phenotype is via the generation of selectin ligands. Selectin ligand function requires the expression of sialyl-Lewis X and its structural isomer sialyl-Lewis A, which are synthesized by the combined action of alpha α1-3-fucosyltransferases, α2-3-sialyltransferases, β1-4-galactosyltranferases, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyltransferases. The α2-3-sialyltransferases ST3Gal4 and ST3Gal6 are critical to the generation of functional E- and P-selectin ligands and overexpression of these STs have been linked to increased risk of metastatic disease in solid tumors and poor outcome in multiple myeloma. Thus, targeting selectins and their ligands as well as the enzymes involved in their generation, in particular STs, could be beneficial to many cancer patients. Potential strategies include ST inhibition and the use of selectin antagonists, such as glycomimetic drugs and antibodies. Here, we review ongoing efforts to optimize the potency and selectivity of ST inhibitors, including the potential for targeted delivery approaches, as well as evaluate the potential utility of selectin inhibitors, which are now in early clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Natoni
- Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway , Ireland
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Michael E O'Dwyer
- Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|