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Mohan K, Ravichandran S, Muralisankar T, Uthayakumar V, Chandirasekar R, Seedevi P, Abirami RG, Rajan DK. Application of marine-derived polysaccharides as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review of current knowledge and further perspectives. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1177-1193. [PMID: 30599257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in the feeds of cultivable aquatic animals has been generally practised to reduce infectious diseases as well as to improve the survival and growth. In recent years, many countries ban to aquatic animals due to the use of large amount of antibiotics and chemotherapies, thus alternative novel strategies are need to promote the growth of aquatic animals and control the pathogens. Dietary supplementation of marine-derived polysaccharides (MDPs) is one of the potential substitutes for antibiotics in aquatic animal feeds. Recently, the use of dietary MDPs in the aquaculture animals has been focused with much interest. In aquaculture, MDPs are used as prebiotic substance which is mostly accepted as a nutritional component for improving the growth performance and health conditions. Hence, present review is a comprehensive and an updated collection of available research reports on different MDPs (alginate, fucoidan, carrageenan, laminarin, ulvan, galactan, agar, chitin and chitosan), route of administration, dosage and applications for improving aqua feeds with emphasis on its effects on growth, biochemical indices, immune response, gut microbiota and disease resistance of aquaculture animals. This review describes the sustainability of global aquaculture production by providing a best alternative to harmful antibiotics, thereby meeting the emerging consumer demand for antibiotic-free aquatic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India.
| | - Samuthirapandian Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India
| | | | | | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramu Ganesan Abirami
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Technology (CEST), Fiji National University, 5529, Fiji
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
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Impact of counterions on the thermo-rheological features of hybrid carrageenan systems isolated from red seaweed Gigartina skottsbergii. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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53
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Characterization and in vitro evaluation of seaweed species as potential functional ingredients to ameliorate metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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54
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Hamdani AM, Wani IA, Bhat NA, Masoodi F. Chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antinutritional characterisation of exudate gums. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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55
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Al-Alawi A, Chitra P, Al-Mamun A, Al-Marhubi I, Rahman MS. Characterization of Red Seaweed Extracts Treated by Water, Acid and Alkaline Solutions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Seaweed contained health functional polysaccharides and polyphenols. Five extracts were prepared from red seaweed Melanothamnus somalensis; two of these were aqueous at 20°C (F1) and 70°C (F2), followed by acid (F3), alkali (F4) and acid-washed (F5) treatments. Molecular characteristics of extracts were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Health functionality was determined by sulfate and polyphenol contents, and thermal characteristics were determined by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Extract F3 contained the highest levels of sulfate followed by F2, F1, F4 and F5, respectively. Similarly, F3 contained the highest polyphenol followed by F4, F2, F1 and F5, respectively. Molecular weight distribution of F1 showed wider distribution of sizes (MW: 1.0 × 103 – 3.0 × 107), and F5 showed a sharp peak (MW: 3.1 × 103); whereas F2, F3 and F4 indicated bimodal distribution. FTIR indicated that all fractions contained agar except F5 and sulfate ester group was attached to carbon 6 of the saccharide.
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Anand J, Sathuvan M, Babu GV, Sakthivel M, Palani P, Nagaraj S. Bioactive potential and composition analysis of sulfated polysaccharide from Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borgeson. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1238-1244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Torres MD, Chenlo F, Moreira R. Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 180:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xu SY, Huang X, Cheong KL. Recent Advances in Marine Algae Polysaccharides: Isolation, Structure, and Activities. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120388. [PMID: 29236064 PMCID: PMC5742848 DOI: 10.3390/md15120388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine algae have attracted a great deal of interest as excellent sources of nutrients. Polysaccharides are the main components in marine algae, hence a great deal of attention has been directed at isolation and characterization of marine algae polysaccharides because of their numerous health benefits. In this review, extraction and purification approaches and chemico-physical properties of marine algae polysaccharides (MAPs) are summarized. The biological activities, which include immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic, are also discussed. Additionally, structure-function relationships are analyzed and summarized. MAPs' biological activities are closely correlated with their monosaccharide composition, molecular weights, linkage types, and chain conformation. In order to promote further exploitation and utilization of polysaccharides from marine algae for functional food and pharmaceutical areas, high efficiency, and low-cost polysaccharide extraction and purification methods, quality control, structure-function activity relationships, and specific mechanisms of MAPs activation need to be extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Xuesong Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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59
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Adrien A, Dufour D, Baudouin S, Maugard T, Bridiau N. Evaluation of the anticoagulant potential of polysaccharide-rich fractions extracted from macroalgae. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2126-2136. [PMID: 28147712 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1278595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anticoagulant activity of sulphated polysaccharide-containing extracts of six french edible marine macroalgae. Aqueous extracts of brown (Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus), green (Ulva lactuca) and red (Chondrus crispus) macroalgae were prepared and their biochemical properties were determined, including major biomolecules, sulphate and ash contents. The anticoagulant activity of each extract was investigated using different scales from the specific antithrombin-dependent pathway (anti-Xa and anti-IIa) to the intrinsic and/or common (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, APTT), extrinsic (Prothrombin Time, PT) or common (Thrombin Time, TT) anticoagulant pathways, and compared with those of commercial anticoagulants, heparin and Lovenox®. Laminaria digitata, Fucus vesiculosus and Chondrus crispus extracts showed a significant APTT anticoagulant capacity, only 5-fold lower than that of Lovenox®, which is a pure low molecular weight heparin used as an anticoagulant agent to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Adrien
- a Département de Biotechnologies , UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSS, Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle , La Rochelle , France
- b SEPROSYS, Séparations, Procédés, Systèmes , La Rochelle , France
| | - Delphine Dufour
- b SEPROSYS, Séparations, Procédés, Systèmes , La Rochelle , France
| | | | - Thierry Maugard
- a Département de Biotechnologies , UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSS, Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle , La Rochelle , France
| | - Nicolas Bridiau
- a Département de Biotechnologies , UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSS, Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle , La Rochelle , France
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60
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Seedevi P, Moovendhan M, Viramani S, Shanmugam A. Bioactive potential and structural chracterization of sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed (Gracilaria corticata). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:516-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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61
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Sathuvan M, Thangam R, Gajendiran M, Vivek R, Balasubramanian S, Nagaraj S, Gunasekaran P, Madhan B, Rengasamy R. κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 160:184-193. [PMID: 28115093 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study is to develop a natural drug carrier with seaweed derived polymers namely κ-Carrageenan (κ-Car) for drug delivery applications. κ-Car is a natural polysaccharide which derived from edible red seaweeds, they are easily available, non-toxic, cost effective, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. Curcumin (Cur) is a yellow-orange polyphenol existing in turmeric, which is predominantly used as spice and food coloring agent. The ultimate use of polymeric composites, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in recent drug delivery applications, due to their non-toxicity and biological origin. In this study the primary approach which depends on the loading of Curcumin into κ-Carrageenan was accomplished, and which (κ-Car-Cur) an active drug carrier was developed for drug delivery against selected lung cancer cells (A549). Thus, the κ-Car-Cur was synthesized by solvent evaporation method followed by freeze drying, and it was further characterized. From this study, it has been reported that the high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and successful release of Cur from the carrier (κ-Car) was achieved. The drug release was more active at acidic pH 5.0 with the cumulative release of 78%, which is the favorable condition present in tumor microenvironments. The in vitro cellular applications studies of κ-Car-Cur demonstrated that, κ-Car-Cur composites induced higher cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells than free Cur and effectively involved to trigger cellular apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. Further, it was also possessed that inhibition of cell growth and changes in metabolic activity of cancer cells are the unique characteristic features of cellular apoptosis, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It also observed that there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψmΔψm) which leads to a cellular apoptosis during treatment with κ-Car-Cur. Hence, the study outcomes may provide the potential outline for the use of κ-Car-Cur as a promising tool to deliver drugs at intracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malairaj Sathuvan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- CHORD, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adayar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mani Gajendiran
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raju Vivek
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimabatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Subramani Nagaraj
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Palani Gunasekaran
- King Institute of Preventive Medicine & Research, Chennai 600 032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- CHORD, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adayar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ramasamy Rengasamy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
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Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121988. [PMID: 27916796 PMCID: PMC5187788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Four seaweed polysaccharides were extracted from Sarcodia ceylonensis, Ulva lactuca L., Gracilaria lemaneiformis, and Durvillaea antarctica, respectively, by microwave-assisted extraction. The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design. The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays—2,2–azino –bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power—and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. The reducing power of DAP was relatively more pronounced than that of the three other polysaccharides. However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. In addition, GLP exhibited lower activities than the other three samples in all of the tests for the antioxidant activity.
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63
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Structural and rheological properties of kappa (κ)-carrageenans covalently modified with cationic moieties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-0971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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64
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Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:912-9. [PMID: 26400737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). Sulphated polysaccharides extracted with acid exhibited greater antioxidant activity than did those extracted with distilled water and alkali. The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides.
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65
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Moroney NC, O'Grady MN, Lordan S, Stanton C, Kerry JP. Seaweed polysaccharides (laminarin and fucoidan) as functional ingredients in pork meat: an evaluation of anti-oxidative potential, thermal stability and bioaccessibility. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2447-64. [PMID: 25903283 PMCID: PMC4413220 DOI: 10.3390/md13042447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-oxidative potential of laminarin (L), fucoidan (F) and an L/F seaweed extract was measured using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, in 25% pork (longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL)) homogenates (TBARS) (3 and 6 mg/mL) and in horse heart oxymyoglobin (OxyMb) (0.1 and 1 mg/mL). The DPPH activity of fresh and cooked minced LTL containing L (100 mg/g; L100), F100 and L/F100,300, and bioaccessibility post in vitro digestion (L/F300), was assessed. Theoretical cellular uptake of antioxidant compounds was measured in a transwell Caco-2 cell model. Laminarin displayed no activity and fucoidan reduced lipid oxidation but catalysed OxyMb oxidation. Fucoidan activity was lowered by cooking while the L/F extract displayed moderate thermal stability. A decrease in DPPH antioxidant activity of 44.15% and 36.63%, after 4 and 20 h respectively, indicated theoretical uptake of L/F antioxidant compounds. Results highlight the potential use of seaweed extracts as functional ingredients in pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C Moroney
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Michael N O'Grady
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Sinéad Lordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Joseph P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College, Cork, Ireland.
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66
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Galactans and Its Applications. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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67
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Barahona T, Encinas MV, Imarai M, Mansilla A, Matsuhiro B, Torres R, Valenzuela B. Bioactive polysaccharides from marine algae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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68
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