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Karthick Rajan D, Mohan K, Rajarajeswaran J, Divya D, Thanigaivel S, Zhang S. Toxic effects of organophosphate pesticide monocrotophos in aquatic organisms: A review of challenges, regulations and future perspectives. Environ Res 2024; 244:117947. [PMID: 38109962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, usage of pesticide, herbicides and synthetic fertilizers in farming lands has made the environment worse. The pesticide residues and toxic byproducts from agricultural lands were found to contaminate the aquatic ecosystem. The misuse of synthetic pesticide not only affects the environment, but also affects the health status of aquatic organisms. The organophosphate pesticide pollutants are emerging contaminants, which threatens the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate insecticide, utilized on crops including rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, soybeans, groundnuts and vegetables. MCP is hydrophilic in nature and their solubilizing properties reduce the soil sorption which leads to groundwater contamination. The half-life period of MCP is 17-96 and the half-life period of technical grade MCP is 2500 days if held stable at 38 °C in a container. MCP causes mild to severe confusion, anxiety, hyper-salivation, convulsion and respiratory distress in mammals as well as aquatic animals. The MCP induced toxicity including survival rate, behavioural changes, reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity in different aquatic species have been discussed in this review. Furthermore, the ultimate aim of this review is to highlight the international regulations, future perspectives and challenges involved in using the MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638 316, India.
| | - Jayakumar Rajarajeswaran
- Department of Nanobiomaterials, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharmaraj Divya
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, 630003, India
| | - Sundaram Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
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Mohan K, Rajan DK, Ganesan AR, Divya D, Johansen J, Zhang S. Chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides as potential growth promoters and immunostimulants in aquaculture: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126285. [PMID: 37582433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a stable growth in aquaculture production to avoid seafood scarcity. The usage of eco-friendly feed additives is not only associated with aquatic animal health but also reduces the risk of deleterious effects to the environment and consumers. Aquaculture researchers are seeking dietary solutions to improve the growth performance and yield of target organisms. A wide range of naturally derived compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, complex carbohydrates, nutritional factors, herbs, hormones, vitamins, and cytokines was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. The use of polysaccharides derived from natural resources, such as alginate, agar, laminarin, carrageenan, fucoidan, chitin, and chitosan, as supplementary feed in aquaculture species has been reported. Polysaccharides are prebiotic substances which are enhancing the immunity, disease resistance and growth of aquatic animals. Further, chitin (CT), chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) were recognized for their biodegradable properties and unique biological functions. The dietary effects of CT, CTS and COS at different inclusion levels on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in aquaculture species has been reviewed. The safety regulations, challenges and future outlooks of CT, CTS and COS in aquatic animals have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India.
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Dharmaraj Divya
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Johan Johansen
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
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Mohan K, Sathishkumar P, Rajan DK, Rajarajeswaran J, Ganesan AR. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as potential feedstock for the biodiesel production: Recent advances and challenges. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160235. [PMID: 36402342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) Hermetia illucens is fastest growing and most promising insect species especially recommended to bring high-fat content as 5th generation bioenergy. The fat content can be fully optimized during the life-cycle of the BSFL through various organic dietary supplements and environmental conditions. Enriched fat can be obtained during the larval stages of the BSF. The presence of high saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their body helps to produce 70 % of extractable oil which can be converted into biodiesel through transesterification. The first-generation biodiesel process mainly depends on catalytic transesterification, however, BSFL had 94 % of biodiesel production through non-catalytic transesterification. This increases the sustainability of producing biodiesel with less energy input in the process line. Other carbon emitting factors involved in the rearing of BSFL are less than the other biodiesel feedstocks including microalgae, cooking oil, and non-edible oil. Therefore, this review is focused on evaluating the optimum dietary source to produce fatty acid rich larvae and larval growth to accumulate C16-18 fatty acids in larger amounts from agro food waste. The process of optimization and biorefining of lipids using novel techniques have been discussed herein. The sustainability impact was evaluated from the cultivation to biodiesel conversion with greenhouse gas emissions scores in the entire life-cycle of process flow. The state-of-the-art in connecting circular bioeconomy loop in the search for bioenergy was meticulously covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Green Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, India.
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India
| | - Jayakumar Rajarajeswaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 602 105, India
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway.
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Ramu Ganesan A, Kannan M, Karthick Rajan D, Pillay AA, Shanmugam M, Sathishkumar P, Johansen J, Tiwari BK. Phycoerythrin: a pink pigment from red sources (rhodophyta) for a greener biorefining approach to food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10928-10946. [PMID: 35648055 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phycoerythrin (PE) is a photosensitive red pigment from phycobiliprotein family predominantly present in the red algae. The concentration of PE depends on photon flux density (PFD) and the quality of light absorbed by the algae tissue. This necessitates robust techniques to extract PE from the embedded cell-wall matrix of the algal frond. Similarly, PE is sensitive to various factors which influence its stability and purity of PE. The PE is extracted from Red algae through different extraction techniques. This review explores an integrative approach of fractionating PE for the scaling-up process and commercialization. The mechanism for stabilizing PE pigment in food was critically evaluated for further retaining this pigment within the food system. The challenges and possibilities of employing efficient extraction for industrial adoption are meticulously estimated. The techniques involved in the sustainable way of extracting PE pigments improved at a laboratory scale in the past decade. Although, the complexity of industrial-scale biorefining was found to be a bottleneck. The extraction of PE using benign chemicals would be safe for food applications to promote health benefits. The precise selection of encapsulation technique with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of the membrane would bring better stability of PE in the food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Bodø, Norway
| | - Mohan Kannan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti A Pillay
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Technology (CEST), Fiji National University, Nasinu, Fiji
| | - Munisamy Shanmugam
- Research and Development Division (DSIR- Lab), Aquagri Processing Private Limited, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Johan Johansen
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Bodø, Norway
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ganesan AR, Mohan K, Karthick Rajan D, Pillay AA, Palanisami T, Sathishkumar P, Conterno L. Distribution, toxicity, interactive effects, and detection of ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in food: A review. Food Chem 2021; 378:131978. [PMID: 35033712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that cause severe damage to agricultural products and food in the food supply chain. These detrimental pollutants have been directly linked with poor socioeconomic patterns and human health issues. Among the natural micropollutants, ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are widely distributed in food materials. The primary occurrence of these mycotoxins is reported in almost all cereal grains and fresh agro-products. Both mycotoxins have shown harmful effects, such as nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and genotoxic effects, in humans due to their complex structural formation during the degradation/acetylation reaction. In addition, improper preharvest, harvest, and postharvest handling tend to lead to the formation of OTA and DON in various food commodities, which allows different harmful fungicides in practice. Therefore, this review provides more insight into the distribution and toxicity of OTA/DON in the food matrix and human health. Furthermore, the interactive effects of OTA/DON with co-contaminated organic and inorganic compounds are discussed. Finally, international regulation and mitigation strategies for detoxication are critically evaluated to meet food safety and good agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), Auer 39040, Italy.
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu 608502, India
| | - Arti A Pillay
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Nabua Campus- 7222, Fiji Islands
| | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lorenza Conterno
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), Auer 39040, Italy.
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Rajan DK, Mohan K, Zhang S, Ganesan AR. Dieckol: a brown algal phlorotannin with biological potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111988. [PMID: 34371307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieckol [C36H22O18], is a naturally occurring phlorotannin found in some brown algal species. Dieckol is gaining more attention in the scientific community for its potential biological activities. It has been exhibited a broad spectrum of therapeutic functions including anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and other medicinal applications. Distinct emphasis has been given to extraction, purification, and biomedical applications of dieckol. This critical review comprises of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico biological properties of dieckol. An attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness, therapeutical application, and mechanism of dieckol against various diseases. The pharmacological significance, current status and the dosage of multifunctional dieckol and its mechanisms have been discussed in this review. Dieckol plays an important role in apoptosis induction via inhibiting the PI3K, AKT, mTOR and FAK signaling molecules. Dieckol remarkably inhibited the lipid accumulation in high fat diet induced animal models. Dieckol, a multifaceted compound will be beneficial in attenuating the action of various diseases and it could be a potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compound. Therefore, the combined effects of dieckol with existing drugs and natural compounds will be studied in future to optimize its benefits. Besides limited information on the toxicological action and dosage administration of dieckol on the human was reported to date. Overall, dieckol is a prospective health-promoting compound for the development of a novel drug against numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode 638316, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Center, Laimburg 6, I-39040 Post Auer, BZ, Italy
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Mohan K, Ravichandran S, Muralisankar T, Uthayakumar V, Chandirasekar R, Seedevi P, Abirami RG, Rajan DK. Application of marine-derived polysaccharides as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review of current knowledge and further perspectives. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:1177-1193. [PMID: 30599257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in the feeds of cultivable aquatic animals has been generally practised to reduce infectious diseases as well as to improve the survival and growth. In recent years, many countries ban to aquatic animals due to the use of large amount of antibiotics and chemotherapies, thus alternative novel strategies are need to promote the growth of aquatic animals and control the pathogens. Dietary supplementation of marine-derived polysaccharides (MDPs) is one of the potential substitutes for antibiotics in aquatic animal feeds. Recently, the use of dietary MDPs in the aquaculture animals has been focused with much interest. In aquaculture, MDPs are used as prebiotic substance which is mostly accepted as a nutritional component for improving the growth performance and health conditions. Hence, present review is a comprehensive and an updated collection of available research reports on different MDPs (alginate, fucoidan, carrageenan, laminarin, ulvan, galactan, agar, chitin and chitosan), route of administration, dosage and applications for improving aqua feeds with emphasis on its effects on growth, biochemical indices, immune response, gut microbiota and disease resistance of aquaculture animals. This review describes the sustainability of global aquaculture production by providing a best alternative to harmful antibiotics, thereby meeting the emerging consumer demand for antibiotic-free aquatic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India.
| | - Samuthirapandian Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India
| | | | | | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramu Ganesan Abirami
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Technology (CEST), Fiji National University, 5529, Fiji
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
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Mohan K, Ravichandran S, Muralisankar T, Uthayakumar V, Chandirasekar R, Rajeevgandhi C, Karthick Rajan D, Seedevi P. Extraction and characterization of chitin from sea snail Conus inscriptus (Reeve, 1843). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 126:555-560. [PMID: 30594627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chitin was extracted from C. inscriptus and the structure was elucidated. The yield of the C. inscriptus shell chitin was 21.65% on dry weight basis. The ash and moisture content of the chitin was 1.2 and 6.50%. The result of the molecular analysis of the chitin revealed low molecular weight (25 kDa). The crystalline structure (XRD), functional group (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EDAX), surface morphology (SEM) and thermal stability (TG/DTA) results confirmed conus chitin was in α-crystalline form. The crystalline index value (CrI) of the conus chitin was 82.13%. The FT-IR analysis of the conus chitin displayed two bands at around 1730 and 1628 cm-1. SEM investigation of the commercial chitin and C. inscriptus chitin exposed that it was composed of nanopore and nanofibre structures. Further, the thermal stability of the conus chitin was close to the thermal stability of the commercial chitin. The results show that processing of C. inscriptus shell can lead to a high quality chitin, useful for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Samuthirapandian Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
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Molinari M, Kachura JR, Dixon E, Rajan DK, Hayeems EB, Asch MR, Benjamin MS, Sherman M, Gallinger S, Burnett B, Feld R, Chen E, Greig PD, Grant DR, Knox JJ. Transarterial chemoembolisation for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: results from a North American cancer centre. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007; 18:684-92. [PMID: 17100154 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2006.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In Asian countries, transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) has long been used for palliation of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without strong evidence of improved survival or quality of life. In 2002, a survival benefi of TACE was shown in two randomised controlled trials in Europe and Hong Kong. The effectiveness of interventions fo HCC is influenced by geographical factors related to diverse patient characteristics and protocols. Therefore, the validation of TACE as palliative modality for unresectable HCC requires confirmation in diverse patient populations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of TACE for HCC in a North American population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single centre prospective cohort study. Child-Pugh A cirrhosis or better patients wit unresectable HCC and without radiological evidence of metastatic disease or segmental portal vein thrombosis wer assessed between November 2001 and May 2004. Of 54 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria, 47 underwent 80 TACE sessions. Chemoembolisation was carried out using selective hepatic artery injection of 75 mg/m(2) doxorubicin and lipiodol followed by an injection of embolic particles when necessary. Repeat treatments were carried out at 2-3 month intervals for recurrent disease. The primary outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were morbidity and tumour response. RESULTS The survival probabilities at 1, 2 and 3 years were 76.6, 55.5 and 50%, respectively. At 6 months after the first intervention, 31% of patients had a partial response and 60% had stable disease by RECIST criteria. Minor adverse events occurred after 39% of TACEs and major adverse events after 20% of sessions, including two treatment-related deaths (4% of patients). One patient had complete cancer remission after undergoing three TACE treatments. Further progression of tumour growth was prevented in 91% of tumours at the 6 month point after the first TACE. At 3 months, serum levels of the tumour marker alpha-feto protein were significantly reduced in patients with elevated levels before TACE. CONCLUSIONS The survival probabilities at 1 and 2 years after TACE were comparable with results in randomised studies from Europe and Asia. Most patients tolerated TACE well, but clinicians need to be aware that moderately severe sideeffects require close monitoring and prompt intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Molinari
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Rajan DK, Ginzburg VE. Hepatocellular carcinoma supplied by the ileocolic branch of the superior mesenteric artery. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:723-6. [PMID: 16038701 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D K Rajan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
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Salahudeen MM, Inbasekaran V, Kumar NA, Rajan DK, Sivakozhundu MK. Otogenic intracranical suppuration at a rare site - letter to editor. Neurol India 2001; 49:101. [PMID: 11303257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Rajan DK, Soulen MC, Clark TW, Baum RA, Haskal ZJ, Shlansky-Goldberg RD, Freiman DB. Sarcomas metastatic to the liver: response and survival after cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, Ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001; 12:187-93. [PMID: 11265882 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the response to and survival after chemoembolization with cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, Ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol for patients with sarcomas metastatic to the liver that are surgically unresectable. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen patients were treated. Primary tumors included 11 gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas, two splenic angiosarcomas, one leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament, one leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava, and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the colon. Chemoembolization with cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, Ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol particles was performed 1-5 times at approximately monthly intervals (mean, 2.8). Pre- and posttreatment cross-sectional imaging was performed 1 month after completion of treatment and then every 3 months. Thirty-day response was graded according to World Health Organization/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group criteria. Survival was calculated with use of Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Two patients (13%) exhibited partial morphologic response, 11 patients (69%) were morphologically stable, and three (19%) demonstrated progression of disease 30 days after completion of treatment. Among the 13 responders, two underwent partial hepatectomy after initial treatment. Seven developed intrahepatic progression at a mean of 10 months and a median time of 8 months. The remaining four patients had no documented intrahepatic progression at the time of last imaging follow-up. Nine patients developed extrahepatic progression at a mean time of 6.3 months and a median time of 6 months, of whom four underwent additional surgical resection. Response to therapy was based on time of first intervention. Cumulative survival from time of diagnosis with use of Kaplan-Meier analysis was 81% at 1 year, 54% at 2 years, and 40% at 3 years. Median survival time was 20 months. Cumulative survival from initial chemoembolization was 67% at 1 year, 50% at 2 years, and 40% at 3 years, with a median survival time of 13 months. The thirty-day mortality rate was zero. CONCLUSION Durable tumor response with chemoembolization is possible in this form of metastatic disease, which is highly resistant to systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Rajan
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Abstract
Aortocaval fistulas are an uncommon complication of atherosclerotic aneurysms that can present with a variety of clinical symptoms. Many of these patients present with oliguric renal failure, a contraindication for the use of iodinated contrast in radiological studies. We present a case of an aortocaval fistula diagnosed by using carbon dioxide gas without the use of traditional contrast media.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Rajan
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Receiving Hospital, 3L-8, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Rajan DK, Croteau DL, Sturza SG, Harvill ML, Mehall CJ. Translumbar placement of inferior vena caval catheters: a solution for challenging hemodialysis access. Radiographics 1998; 18:1155-67; discussion 1167-70. [PMID: 9747613 DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.18.5.9747613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Access to the central venous circulation for hemodialysis has traditionally been achieved via the subclavian or jugular venous routes. With ongoing improvements in medical management, many hemodialysis recipients develop exhaustion of these routes and require alternative means of central venous access. Inferior vena caval (IVC) catheters have been placed with a percutaneous translumbar approach to allow central venous access for chemotherapy, harvesting of stem cells, and total parenteral nutrition. Translumbar placement of IVC catheters has become accepted by some as a useful and reliable alternative in patients who require long-term hemodialysis but have exhausted traditional access sites. IVC catheters have been placed in patients with IVC filters, and IVC filters have been placed in patients with IVC catheters. Complications include those associated with central venous catheters, for example, sepsis, fibrin sheaths, and thrombosis. A complication specific to placement of IVC hemodialysis catheters is migration of the catheter into the subcutaneous soft tissues, retroperitoneum, or iliac veins. Translumbar placement of IVC catheters is performed only in patients considered to have few or no other medical options and is not intended as a primary means of central venous access.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Rajan
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Harper Hospital, Detroit, Mich, USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Rajan
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Receiving Hospital, MI 48201, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Rajan
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Sekaran VI, Rajan DK, Athiappan S. Multiple intervertebral disc prolapse. J Indian Med Assoc 1991; 89:235-6. [PMID: 1748803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V I Sekaran
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Madurai Medical College
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Abstract
This paper describes the relationship between detection threshold and reaction time for pure tones presented within the context of a two-interval forced-choice signal detection paradigm. Three variables manipulated were stimulus frequency (500 and 4,000 Hz), duration (50 and 300 ms) and rise/decay time for the longer stimulus (10 and 100 ms). The data for three practised, normal-hearing subjects indicated that stimulus energy was a good predictor of the detection threshold. Threshold measurements decreased as a function of the increase in stimulus duration and the decrease in rise/decay time. Both correct and incorrect reaction times also decreased with the increase in duration but were insensitive to a change in rise/decay time. The non-monotonicity of the function relating threshold and reaction time, as well as wide differences in reaction time for the same level of hearing acuity across subjects, led to the major conclusion that the two psychophysical measures were not interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Abel
- Hearing Research Laboratory, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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