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Liu Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Jiao S, Xu T, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wei J, Du W, Fujita M, Du Y, Wang ZA. Unveiling the inverse antimicrobial impact of a hetero- chitooligosaccharide on Candida tropicalis growth and biofilm formation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121999. [PMID: 38494241 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide (COS) are renowned for their potent antimicrobial prowess, yet the precise antimicrobial efficacy of COS remains elusive due to scant structural information about the utilized saccharides. This study delves into the antimicrobial potential of COS, spotlighting a distinct hetero-chitooligosaccharide dubbed DACOS. In contrast to other COS, DACOS remarkably fosters the growth of Candida tropicalis planktonic cells and fungal biofilms. Employing gradient alcohol precipitation, DACOS was fractionated, unveiling diverse structural characteristics and differential impacts on C. tropicalis. Notably, in a murine model of systemic candidiasis, DACOS, particularly its 70 % alcohol precipitates, manifests a promotive effect on Candida infection. This research unveils a new pathway for exploring the intricate nexus between the structural attributes of chitosan oligosaccharides and their physiological repercussions, underscoring the imperative of crafting chitosan and COS with meticulously defined structural configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruilian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Du
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,China; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhuo A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Cho CH, Jung YS, Kim M, Kurniawati UD, Kim Y, Yim MJ, Lee DS, Je JY, Lee SH. Modulating intestinal health: Impact of chitooligosaccharide molecular weight on suppressing RAGE expression and inflammatory response in methylglyoxal-induced advanced glycation end-products. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131927. [PMID: 38685538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO) produced in high-temperature processed foods and excessive production in the body contributes to intestinal barrier dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effects of chitooligosaccharides (COSs) of different molecular weights (<1 kDa, 1-3 kDa, 3-5 kDa, 5-10 kDa, and >10 kDa) on MGO-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. We investigated the effect of COSs on inhibiting intracellular MGO accumulation/MGO-derived AGEs production and regulating the receptor for AGE (RAGE)-mediated downstream protein expression, including proteins related to apoptosis and inflammation, intestinal barrier integrity, and paracellular permeability. Pretreatment with COSs ameliorated MGO-induced increased RAGE protein expression, activation of apoptotic cascade/inflammatory response, loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, and increased paracellular permeability, ameliorating intestinal dysfunction through MGO scavenging. 1-3 kDa COSs most effectively ameliorated MGO-induced intestinal dysfunction. Our results suggest the potential of COSs in improving intestinal health by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction by acting as an MGO scavenger and highlighting the need for the optimization of the molecular weight of COSs to optimize its protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Heung Cho
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sung Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyeong Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulfah Dwi Kurniawati
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongeun Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Li J, Liu C, Wang S, Mao X. Staphylococcus aureus enters viable-but-nonculturable state in response to chitooligosaccharide stress by altering metabolic pattern and transmembrane transport function. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121772. [PMID: 38368090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Although chitooligosaccharide (COS) has attracted the attention of some researchers due to its good solubility and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, our study found that Staphylococcus aureus treated with low concentration of COS actively entered the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state to resist this environmental stress. In this study, the transcriptome of VBNC-state S. aureus after COS treatment was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Compared with the control group, pathway enrichment analysis showed that COS-treated S. aureus adopted a series of adaptive adjustment strategies for survival, including significant up-regulation of the differential genes' expression of such as ABC transporters (metI, tagG), Sec dependent transport pathway (secDF), peptidoglycan synthesis pathway (murG) and alteration of their physiological metabolic patterns, where ATP depletion played a key role in the formation of the VBNC-state S. aureus. Further, by using oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agent to adjust the initial level of ATP in S. aureus, it was found that the reduction of intracellular ATP level could accelerate the formation of VBNC state. Overall, our results preliminarily elucidated the molecular mechanism of COS inducing the VBNC-state S. aureus. It provided an important theoretical reference for further achieving effective bacterial inactivation by COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Sai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China.
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Wen F, Liu Y, Yang H, Yan X, Zhang Y, Zhong Z. Preparation, characterization, antioxidant, and antifungal activity of phenyl/indolyl-acyl chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109077. [PMID: 38479043 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, carboxylic acids compounds were grafted onto chitooligosaccharides to prepare seven phenyl/indolyl-acyl chitooligosaccharides derivatives. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by IR spectroscopy, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, antioxidant activities in vitro of the novel derivatives were analyzed. Compared to COS and carboxylic acid, the derivatives showed higher scavenging capacity for superoxide anion and DPPH radicals, with scavenging rates of 59.39% and 94.86%, respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the derivatives was only 18.89%. The antifungal activities of chitooligosaccharide derivatives against Diaporthe batatas and Phytophthora capsici were studied by the growth rate method. Compared with chitooligosaccharide itself, derivatives were inhibited by 97.77% and 100%. The above results showed that chitooligosaccharide derivatives have good biocompatibility and can be used in food, agriculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wen
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Hehe Yang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - YanDong Zhang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhimei Zhong
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Liu Y, Xia X, Li X, Wang F, Huang Y, Zhu B, Feng X, Wang Y. Design and characterization of edible chitooligosaccharide/fish skin gelatin nanofiber-based hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130033. [PMID: 38342261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Antibacterial and active packaging materials have gained significant research attention in response to the growing interest in food packaging. In this investigation, we developed hydrogel packaging materials with antibacterial and antioxidant properties by incorporating chitooligosaccharide (COS) and fish skin gelatin (FSG) nanofiber membranes, which readily absorbed water and exhibited swelling characteristics. The nanofiber membranes were fabricated by electrospinning technology, embedding COS within FSG, and subsequently crosslinked through the Maillard reaction facilitated by the addition of glucose. The behavior of conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension in the spinning solutions was analyzed to understand their variation patterns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the crosslinked COS/FSG nanofiber membranes possessed a uniform yet disordered fiber structure, with the diameter of the nanofibers increasing as the COS content increased. Remarkably, when the COS content reached 25 %, the COS/FSG nanofiber membranes (CF-C-25) exhibited a suitable fiber diameter of 437.16 ± 63.20 nm. Furthermore, the thermal crosslinking process involving glucose supplementation enhanced the hydrophobicity of CF-C-25. Upon hydration, the CF-H-25 hydrogel displayed a distinctive porous structure, exhibiting a remarkable swelling rate of 954 %. Notably, the inclusion of COS significantly augmented the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the hydrogel-based nanofiber membranes. CF-H-25 demonstrated an impressive growth inhibition of 90.56 ± 5.91 % against E. coli, coupled with excellent antioxidant capabilities. In continuation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the total colony count, pH, TVB-N, and TBA of crucian carp. The CF-H-25 hydrogel proved highly effective in extending the shelf life of crucian carp by 2-4 days, suggesting its potential application as an edible membrane for aquatic product packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Liu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Xiyue Li
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Fuming Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Yaping Huang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Botian Zhu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Xuyang Feng
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China.
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Yang R, Hu J, Ding J, Chen R, Meng D, Li K, Guo H, Chen H, Zhang Y. Ultrasound assisted fabrication of the yeast protein- chitooligosaccharide-betanin composite for stabilization of betanin. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 104:106823. [PMID: 38417387 PMCID: PMC10909883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Betanin, a water-soluble colorant, is sensitive to light and temperature and is easily faded and inactivated. This study investigated the formation of yeast protein-chitooligosaccharide-betanin complex (YCB) induced by ultrasound treatment, and evaluated its protective effect on the colorant betanin. Ultrasound (200-600 W) increased the surface hydrophobicity and solubility of yeast protein, and influenced the protein's secondary structure by decreasing the α-helix content and increasing the contents of β-sheet and random coil. The ultrasound treatment (200 W, 15 min) facilitated binding of chitooligosaccharide and betanin to the protein, with the binding numbers of 4.26 ± 0.51 and 0.61 ± 0.06, and the binding constant of (2.73 ± 0.25) × 105 M-1 and (3.92 ± 0.10) × 104 M-1, respectively. YCB could remain the typical color of betanin, and led to a smaller and disordered granule morphology. Moreover, YCB exhibited enhanced thermal-, light-, and metal irons (ferric and copper ions) -stabilities of betanin, protected the betanin against color fading, and realized a controlled release in simulated gastrointestinal tract. This study extends the potential application of the fungal proteins for stabilizing bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Runxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Demei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ku Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co.,Ltd.,168 Chengdong Road, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co.,Ltd.,168 Chengdong Road, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Hai Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China.
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Chen Q, Wang L, Li S, Lv D, Li X, Yin W, Hu T, Li C, Cheng X. Selenizing chitooligosaccharide with site-selective modification to alleviate acute liver injury in vivo. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109042. [PMID: 38244321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Two selenized chitooligosaccharide (O-Se-COS and N,O-Se-COS) with different sites modification were synthesized to alleviate liver injury in vivo. Comparing to traditional COS, both selenized COS exhibited enhanced reducibility as well as antioxidant capacity in vitro. Furthermore, O-Se-COS demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage compared to N,O-Se-COS as its enhanced cellular uptake by the positive/negative charge interactions. Two mechanisms were proposed to explained these results: one is to enhance the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), which effectively scavenge free radicals; the other is to down-regulate intracellular cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) levels, inhibiting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced peroxidation damage. In vivo studies further demonstrated the effective alleviation of CCl4-induced liver injury by selenized COS, with therapeutic efficacy observed in the following order: O-Se-COS > N,O-Se-COS > COS. Finally, hemolysis and histological tests confirmed the biosafety of both selenized COS. Taken together, these finding demonstrated that selenium has the potential to improve the biological activity of COS, and precise selenylation was more conducive to achieving the synergistic effect where 1 + 1>2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Sirong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Dan Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Wenting Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Ting Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China
| | - Conghu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China.
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Yu H, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Liu L, Wang L, Cao J, Sun Y, He J, Pan D, Cai Z, Xia Q. Tunability of Pickering particle features of whey protein isolate via remodeling partial unfolding during ultrasonication-assisted complexation with chitosan/ chitooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121583. [PMID: 38008470 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The potential of ultrasonication-driven molecular self-assembly of whey protein isolate (WPI) with chitosan (CS)/chitooligosaccharide (COS) to stabilize Pickering emulsions was examined, based on CS/COS ligands-induced partial unfolding in remodeling the Pickering particles features. Multi-spectral analysis suggested obvious changes in conformational structures of WPI due to interaction with CS/COS, with significantly higher unfolding degrees of WPI induced by COS. Non-covalent interactions were identified as the major forces for WPI-CS/COS conjugates. Ultrasonication enhanced electrostatic interaction between CS's -NH3 groups and WPI's -COO- groups which improved emulsification activity and storability of WPI-COS stabilized Pickering emulsion. This was attributed to increased surface hydrophobicity and decreased particle size compared to WPI-CS associated with differential unfolding degrees induced by different saccharide ligands. CLSM and SEM consistently observed smaller emulsion droplets in WPI-COS complexes than WPI-CS/COS particles tightly adsorbed at the oil-water interface. The electrostatic self-assembly of WPI with CS/COS greatly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of quercetin than those stabilized by WPI alone and ultrasound further improved encapsulation efficiency. This corresponded well with the quantitative affinity parameters between quercetin and WPI-CS/COS complexes. This investigation revealed the great potential of glycan ligands-induced conformational transitions of extrinsic physical disruption in tuning Pickering particle features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangyin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhendong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Lin C, Luan F, Su S, Jiang A, Tan W, Guo Z. Water-soluble fluorine-functionalized chitooligosaccharide derivatives: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108935. [PMID: 37717482 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of water-soluble fluorine-functionalized chitooligosaccharide derivatives were synthesized by conjugating nicotinic acid to chitooligosaccharide via nicotinylation reaction, followed by nucleophilic reaction with ethyl bromide, benzyl bromide and fluorobenzyl bromides. Synthesized derivatives were identified structurally by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. In addition, the antibacterial activities of chitooligosaccharide derivatives against several disease-causing bacteria were assessed by the broth dilution method and Kirby-Bauer method, the mycelium growth rate method was used to assessing the antifungal properties of samples against three plant-threatening fungi. Among the chitooligosaccharide derivatives, those containing benzyl or fluorobenzyl exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial activity. Specifically, the chitooligosaccharide derivative containing 2,3,4-trifluorobenzyl displayed remarkable antimicrobial activity, with an inhibition index of 84.35% against Botryis cinerea at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Additionally, its MIC value against Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 0.03125 mg/mL, while the MBC value was determined to be 0.0625 mg/mL. The findings of the study revealed that the incorporation of pyridinium cations and fluorine into the chitooligosaccharide backbone may play a critical role in strengthening its ability to combat harmful microorganisms. Furthermore, the cytotoxicities of chitooligosaccharide derivatives against Huvec cells were evaluated through MTT assay, and all samples were not toxic. As a consequence, the water-soluble fluorine-functionalized chitooligosaccharide derivatives possessed rapid microbicidal properties and good biocompatibility, which provided promising prospects for the development of a more effective and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghao Lin
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Fang Luan
- Naval Architecture and Port Engineering College, Shandong Jiaotong University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Shengjia Su
- Shandong Saline-Alkali Land Modern Agriculture Company, Dongying, 257300, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wenqiang Tan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
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10
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Mittal A, Singh A, Hong H, Benjakul S. Chitooligosaccharide-catechin conjugate loaded liposome using different stabilising agents: characteristics, stability, and bioactivities. J Microencapsul 2023; 40:385-401. [PMID: 37130079 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2209658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the optimum condition for preparing chitooligosaccharide-catechin conjugate (COS-CAT) liposomes using different stabilising agents. METHODS COS-CAT liposomes (0.1-1%, w/v) were prepared using soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) (50-200 mM) and glycerol or cholesterol (25-100 mg). Encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), physicochemical characteristics, FTIR spectra, thermal stability, and structure of COS-CAT liposomes were assessed. RESULTS COS-CAT loaded liposome stabilised by cholesterol (COS-CAT-CHO) showed higher stability as shown by the highest EE (76.81%) and LC (4.57%) and the lowest zeta potential (ZP) (-76.51 mV), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.2674) and releasing efficiency (RE) (53.54%) (p < 0.05). COS-CAT-CHO showed the highest retention and relative remaining bioactivities of COS-CAT under various conditions (p < 0.05). FTIR spectra revealed the interaction between the choline group of SPC and -OH groups of COS-CAT. Phase transition temperature of COS-CAT-CHO was shifted to 184 °C, which was higher than others (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION SPC and cholesterol-based liposome could be used as a promising vesicle for maintaining bioactivities of COS-CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Hat Yai, Thailand
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11
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Rajabi M, Cabral JD, Saunderson S, Ali MA. 3D printing of chitooligosaccharide-polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel inks for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1468-1481. [PMID: 37066870 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, lack of functional hydrogel inks has limited 3D printing applications in tissue engineering. This study developed a series of photocurable hydrogel inks based on chitooligosaccharide (COS)-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) for extrusion-based 3D printing of bone tissue scaffolds. The scaffolds were prepared by aza-Michael addition of COS and PEGDA followed by photopolymerisation of unreacted PEGDA. The hydrogel inks showed sufficient shear thinning properties required for extrusion 3D printing. The printed scaffolds exhibited excellent shape fidelity and fine microstructure with a resolution of 250 μm. By increasing the COS content, the swelling ratio of the scaffolds decreased, while the compressive strength increased. 3D printed COS-PEGDA scaffolds showed high viability of human bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In addition, scaffolds containing 2 wt% COS showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and bioactivity in simulated body fluid compared to the control (PEGDA). Altogether, 3D printed COS-PEGDA scaffolds represent promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rajabi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jaydee D Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Saunderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Azam Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Mohan K, Rajan DK, Ganesan AR, Divya D, Johansen J, Zhang S. Chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides as potential growth promoters and immunostimulants in aquaculture: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126285. [PMID: 37582433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a stable growth in aquaculture production to avoid seafood scarcity. The usage of eco-friendly feed additives is not only associated with aquatic animal health but also reduces the risk of deleterious effects to the environment and consumers. Aquaculture researchers are seeking dietary solutions to improve the growth performance and yield of target organisms. A wide range of naturally derived compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, complex carbohydrates, nutritional factors, herbs, hormones, vitamins, and cytokines was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. The use of polysaccharides derived from natural resources, such as alginate, agar, laminarin, carrageenan, fucoidan, chitin, and chitosan, as supplementary feed in aquaculture species has been reported. Polysaccharides are prebiotic substances which are enhancing the immunity, disease resistance and growth of aquatic animals. Further, chitin (CT), chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) were recognized for their biodegradable properties and unique biological functions. The dietary effects of CT, CTS and COS at different inclusion levels on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in aquaculture species has been reviewed. The safety regulations, challenges and future outlooks of CT, CTS and COS in aquatic animals have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India.
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Dharmaraj Divya
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Johan Johansen
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
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13
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Qi Y, Jin M, Li Q, Wu Q, Liao Z, Wei M, Fan X, Yang Q, Tian X, Giuseppe B, Luo L. Chitooligosaccharide reconstitutes intestinal mucus layer to improve oral absorption of water-soluble drugs. J Control Release 2023; 360:831-841. [PMID: 37481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus is a complex natural hydrogel barrier with unique physical properties that impede the absorption of various oral drugs. Both washout from the upper water layer and the physical resistance of the mucus layer particularly affect bioavailability of, especially, highly water-soluble molecules. One potential strategy for designing pharmaceutical formulations is to add absorption enhancers (AEs). However, there are few reports of AEs that work on mucus and their underlying mechanisms, leading to imprecise application. In this study, we investigated chitooligosaccharide (COS) as a safe, low-cost, and effective oral drug AE. We revealed the hydrodynamic law of interaction between COS and the intestinal mucus layer, which was associated with absorption benefiting mucus structural reconstruction. Based on this, we designed a translational strategy to improve the bioavailability of a group of soluble oral drugs by drinking COS solution before administration. Moreover, this research is expected to expand its application scenario by reducing drug dosage such as avoiding gastro-intestinal irritation and slowing veterinary antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiqian Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Menghao Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianzhan Yang
- Analytical Instruments Department, Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. Chongqing Branch, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Battaglia Giuseppe
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1H0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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14
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Xiong Y, Huang X, Jiao Y, Zhou C, Yu T. Synergistic effect of Mn-Si-COS on wound immune microenvironment by inhibiting excessive skin fibrosis mediated with ROS/TGF-β1/Smad7 signal. Biomater Adv 2023; 152:213497. [PMID: 37321008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress and inflammation often impede wound healing and ultimately lead to excessive skin fibrosis formation. It was known that the structural properties of biomaterials can affect the healing and immune response of surrounding tissues. In this work, a composite structure of Mn-Si-chitooligosaccharides (COS) was designed (COS@Mn-MSN) and the ability of regulating wound microenvironment for inhibiting skin fibrosis was investigated. In order to reduce the negative effects of Mn, the nano-level Mn was doped into MSN to minimize its content. The results show that Mn in COS@Mn-MSN showed significant ability of scavenging excess intracellular ROS within 1 d. The Si released from COS@Mn-MSN can shift M2 macrophage polarization in the later stage (1-3 d), showing anti-inflammatory effect. Macrophage (RAW264.7) were activated alternatively by COS released from COS@Mn-MSN, with upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10 and CD206) and downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, CD80, and IL-1β) in the whole time. The expression of fibrosis associated factor TGF-β1 and CD26 in fibroblast cells (L929) were inhibited by COS and Si. Besides, the inflammatory microenvironment mediated by COS@Mn-MSN downregulated Smad-7 gene expression and upregulated Col-1α gene expression. With the function of reducing oxidative stress (0-1 d), the TGF-β1 inhibition (1-3 d) and anti-inflammatory effects (0-3 d), COS@Mn-MSN could inhibit excessive skin fibrosis formation mediated with ROS/TGF-β1/Smad7 signal. Therefore, the prepared COS@Mn-MSN shows great potential to active scarless wound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiuhong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanpeng Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Changren Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guandgong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan 517000, China.
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15
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Ouyang A, Zhang M, Yuan G, Liu X, Su J. Chitooligosaccharide boosts the immunity of immunosuppressed blunt snout bream against bacterial infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124696. [PMID: 37224898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppression hazard of fish brought by intensive aquaculture needs to be addressed urgently, while chitooligosaccharide (COS) shows the potential application in the prevention the immunosuppression of fish due to its superior biological properties. In this study, COS reversed the cortisol-induced immunosuppression of macrophages and improved the immune activity of macrophages in vitro, promoting the expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS) and NO production, and increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophages. In vivo, the oral COS was absorbed directly through the intestine, significantly ameliorating the innate immunity of cortisol-induced immunosuppression of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Such as facilitated the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and pattern recognition receptors (TLR4, MR) and potentiated bacterial clearance, resulting in an effective improvement in survival and tissue damage. Altogether, this study demonstrates that COS offers potential strategies in the application of immunosuppression prevention and control in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aotian Ouyang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Xie P, Yang Y, Oyom W, Su T, Tang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Prusky D, Bi Y. Chitooligosaccharide accelerated wound healing in potato tubers by promoting the deposition of suberin polyphenols and lignin at wounds. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 199:107714. [PMID: 37119550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a low molecular weight product of chitosan degradation. Although COS induces plant resistance by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism, there are few reports on whether COS accelerates wound healing in potato tubers by promoting the deposition of phenolic acids and lignin monomers at wounds. The results showed that COS activated phenylalanine ammonialyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and promoted the synthesis of cinnamic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic acids, total phenolics and flavonoids. COS activated 4-coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and promoted the synthesis of sinapyl, coniferyl and cinnamyl alcohols. COS also increased H2O2 levels and peroxidase activity and accelerated the deposition of suberin polyphenols and lignin on wounds. In addition, COS reduced weight loss and inhibited lesion expansion in tubers inoculated with Fusarium sulfureum. Taken together, COS accelerated wound healing in potato tubers by inducing phenylpropanoid metabolism and accelerating the deposition of suberin polyphenols and lignin at wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengdong Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - William Oyom
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yingbo Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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17
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Wang W, Chen C, Zhou C, Tang Z, Luo D, Fu X, Zhu S, Yang X. Effects of glycation with chitooligosaccharide on digestion and fermentation processes of lactoferrin in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123762. [PMID: 36812963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the digestion and fermentation processes of lactoferrin (LF) glycated with chitooligosaccharide (COS) under a controlled Maillard reaction, utilizing the in vitro digestion and fermentation model, and to compare the results of these processes to LF undertaken without glycation. After gastrointestinal digestion, the products of the LF-COS conjugate were found to have more fragments with lower molecular weight than LF, and the antioxidant capabilities (via ABTS and ORAC assay) of the LF-COS conjugate digesta also increased. In addition, the undigested fractions could be further fermented by the intestinal microbiota. Compared with LF, more short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were generated (from 2397.40 to 2623.10 μg/g), and more species of microbiota (from 451.78 to 568.10) were observed in LF-COS conjugate treatment. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium that could utilize carbohydrates and metabolic intermediates to produce SCFAs also increased in LF-COS conjugate than that of LF. Our results demonstrated that glycation with COS under the controlled wet-heat treatment Maillard reaction could modify the digestion of LF and have a potentially positive influence on the intestinal microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China; SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chun Chen
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Siming Zhu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xinhe Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
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18
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Guo J, Gao W, Wang J, Yao Y, Man Z, Cai Z, Qing Q. Thr22 plays an important role in the efficient catalytic process of Bacillus subtilis chitosanase BsCsn46A. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 167:110242. [PMID: 37099965 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Threonine 22 (Thr22) located in catalytic center near the catalytic amino acid Glu19 was non-conserved in Bacillus species chitosanase. In order to study the function of Thr22, saturation mutagenesis was carried out towards P121N, a mutant previously constructed in our laboratory. Compared with P121N, which was designated as the wild type (WT) in this research, the specific enzyme activity of all mutants was decreased, and that of the T22P mutant was decreased by 91.6 %. Among these mutants, the optimum temperature decreased from 55 °C to 50 °C for 10 mutants and 45 °C for 4 mutants, respectively. The optimum temperature of mutant T22P was 40 °C. In order to analyze the reasons for the changes in enzymatic properties of the mutants, molecular docking analysis of WT and its mutants with substrate were performed. The hydrogen bond analysis around position 22 also conducted. The substitution of Thr22 was found to significantly affect the enzyme-substrate complex interaction. In addition, the hydrogen network near position 22 has undergone obvious changes. These changes may be the main reasons for the changes in enzymatic properties of the mutants. Altogether, this study is valuable for the future research on Bacillus chitosanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, China; Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, China
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, China; Zao zhuang Key Laboraory of Corn Bioengineering, Zaozhuang Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Enzyme, Shandong Hengren Gongmao Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, China; Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, China
| | - Qing Qing
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, China; Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, China
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19
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Yu L, Zhang X, Zhang F, Tang Y, Gong D, Oyom W, Li Y, Prusky D, Romanazzi G, Bi Y. Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide regulated reactive oxygen species homeostasis at wounds of pear fruit during healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124395. [PMID: 37054853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Both chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) can promote fruit healing. However, whether the two chemicals regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis during wound healing of pear fruit remains unknown. In this study, the wounded pear fruit (Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dongguo) was treated with a 1 g L-1 CTS and COS. We found CTS and COS treatments increased NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and promoted O2.- and H2O2 production at wounds. CTS and COS also enhanced the activities of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, and elevated the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione. In addition, the two chemicals improved antioxidant capacity in vitro and maintained cell membrane integrity at fruit wounds during healing. Taken together, CTS and COS can regulate ROS homeostasis at wounds of pear fruit during healing by scavenging excessive H2O2 and improving antioxidant capacity. Overall, the COS demonstrated superior performance over the CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingbo Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Di Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - William Oyom
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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20
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Wang Q, Song Y, Kim M, Hahn SK, Jiang G. Effect of chitooligosaccharide on the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:13. [PMID: 36797775 PMCID: PMC9935244 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main protease (Mpro) is a crucial target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Chitooligosaccharide (CS) has broad-spectrum antiviral activity and can effectively inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV. Here, based on the high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, this study explores the effect and mechanism of CS with various molecular weights on the activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. METHODS We used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), UV-Vis, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and computational simulation to investigate the molecular interaction and the interaction mechanism between CS and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. RESULTS Four kinds of CS with different molecular weights significantly inhibited the activity of Mpro by combining the hydrogen bonding and the salt bridge interaction to form a stable complex. Glu166 appeared to be the key amino acid. Among them, chitosan showed the highest inhibition effect on Mpro enzyme activity and the greatest impact on the spatial structure of protein. Chitosan would be one of the most potential anti-viral compounds. CONCLUSION This study provides the theoretical basis to develop targeted Mpro inhibitors for the screening and application of anti-novel coronavirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- grid.440706.10000 0001 0175 8217Bioengineering College, Dalian University, 10 Xuefu Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- grid.440706.10000 0001 0175 8217Bioengineering College, Dalian University, 10 Xuefu Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Mungu Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784 Gyeongbuk Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
| | - Ge Jiang
- Bioengineering College, Dalian University, 10 Xuefu Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China.
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21
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Liu Y, Yang H, Wen F, Bao L, Zhao Z, Zhong Z. Chitooligosaccharide-induced plant stress resistance. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120344. [PMID: 36604042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nature, the production of plant stress resistance traits is often induced by extreme environmental conditions. Under extreme conditions, plants can be irreversibly damaged. Intervention with phytostimulants, however, can improve plant stress resistance without causing damage to the plants themselves, hence maintaining the production. For example, exogenous substances such as proteins and polysaccharides can be used effectively as phytostimulants. Chitooligosaccharide, a plant stimulant, can promote seed germination and plant growth and development, and improve plant photosynthesis. In this review, we summarize progress in the research of chitooligosaccharide-induced plant stress resistance. The mechanism and related experiments of chitooligosaccharide-induced resistance to pathogen, drought, low-temperature, saline-alkali, and other stresses are classified and discussed. In addition, we put forward the challenges confronted by chitooligosaccharide-induced plant stress resistance and the future research concept that requires multidisciplinary cooperation, which could provide data for the in-depth study of the effect of chitooligosaccharide on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Hehe Yang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Fang Wen
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Liangliang Bao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhimei Zhong
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Hohhot 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China.
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22
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Liu Y, Zhong Z, Bao L, Wen F, Yang H. The preparation and antioxidant activities of four 2-aminoacyl- chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2022; 521:108667. [PMID: 36099722 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) with two different molecular weights are acylated with four nonpolar amino acids: glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), valine (Val) and leucine (Leu) to obtain 2-aminoacetyl-chitooligosaccharide (2-GlyCOS), 2-aminopropionyl-chitooligosaccharide (2-AlaCOS), 2-amino-3-methylbutyryl-chitooligosaccharide (2-ValCOS), and 2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl-chitooligosaccharide (2-LeuCOS). The structure of the derivatives was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives, such as hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging ability, superoxide anion (O2·-) scavenging ability, reducing ability, and DPPH radical scavenging ability, were investigated using various established systems. Compared with chitooligosaccharide and nonpolar amino acids, all derivatives have strong scavenging ability toward hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions, and the clearance rate was 19.05% and 67.70% separately. The reducing ability and DPPH free radical scavenging ability of the derivatives are only 0.021Abs and 32.97%. Among them, only 2-AlaLCOS has significant reducing ability, and the value can reach 0.143Abs. The above results showed that the antioxidant activity of some derivatives was higher than that of chitooligosaccharide. The water solubility of the new derivatives was also greatly improved compared to that of nonpolar amino acids. Therefore, the application of 2-aminoacyl-chitooligosaccharides (2-AACOS) in antioxidants has laid a foundation and has certain potential application value in the fields of medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhimei Zhong
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Liangliang Bao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Fang Wen
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Hehe Yang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
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23
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Liu Y, Wen F, Yang H, Bao L, Zhao Z, Zhong Z. The preparation and antioxidant activities of three phenyl-acyl chitooligosaccharides. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10624. [PMID: 36164516 PMCID: PMC9508514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides with two different molecular weights are acylated with three containing benzene carboxylic acids: salicylic acid (BHA), α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to obtain o-hydroxybenzoyl-chitooligosaccharide, α-naphthylacetyl-chitooligosaccharide, and 3-Indolebutyryl-chitooligosaccharide. The structure of the derivatives was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. According to several amide characteristic absorption peaks between 1750 cm-1-1500 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectrum, it can be determined that the target group has been successfully grafted. And there are obvious characteristic absorption peaks of aromatic ring at 900-650 cm-1. The six chemical shifts of 98.02, 76.42, 74.83, 72.00, 60.39, 55.37 ppm in 13C NMR proved that the chitooligosaccharide did not destroy its own sugar ring structure during the reaction. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives, such as hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging ability, superoxide anion (O2·-) scavenging ability, reducing ability, and DPPH radical scavenging ability were investigated using various established systems. Comparing with chitooligosaccharide and containing benzene carboxylic acids, most derivatives have strong scavenging ability toward superoxide anions and DPPH radicals, and the clearance rate up to 47.44% and 80.27% separately. The reducing ability and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability of the derivatives are only 0.032 Abs and 11.43%. The above results showed that the antioxidant activity of some derivatives was higher than that of chitooligosaccharide. The water solubility of the new derivatives was also greatly improved than that of containing benzene carboxylic acids. Therefore, the application of phenyl-acyl-chitooligosaccharide in antioxidants has laid a foundation, and has certain potential application value in the fields of medicine and agriculture and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Fang Wen
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Hehe Yang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Liangliang Bao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhimei Zhong
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Hohhot, 010018, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010018, China
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24
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Kitaoku Y, Taira T, Numata T, Ohnuma T, Fukamizo T. Structure, mechanism, and phylogeny of LysM-chitinase conjugates specifically found in fern plants. Plant Sci 2022; 321:111310. [PMID: 35696910 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A unique GH18 chitinase containing two N-terminal lysin motifs (PrLysM1 and PrLysM2) was first found in fern, Pteris ryukyuensis (Onaga and Taira, Glycobiology, 18, 414-423, 2008). This type of LysM-chitinase conjugates is not usually found in plants but in fungi. Here, we produced a similar GH18 chitinase with one N-terminal LysM module (EaLysM) from the fern, Equisetum arvense (EaChiA, Inamine et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 79, 1296-1304, 2015), using an Escherichia coli expression system and characterized for its structure and mechanism of action. The crystal structure of EaLysM exhibited an almost identical fold (βααβ) to that of PrLysM2. From isothermal titration calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the binding mode and affinities of EaLysM for chitooligosaccharides (GlcNAc)n (3, 4, 5, and 6) were found to be comparable to those of PrLysM2. The LysM module in EaChiA is likely to bind (GlcNAc)n almost independently through CH-π stacking of a Tyr residue with the pyranose ring. The (GlcNAc)n-binding mode of LysMs in the LysM-chitinase conjugates from fern plants appears to differ from that of plant LysMs acting in chitin- or Nod-signal perception, in which multiple LysMs cooperatively act on (GlcNAc)n. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that LysM-GH18 conjugates of fern plants formed a monophyletic group and had been separated earlier than forming the clade of fungal chitinases with LysMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Kitaoku
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Numata
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute (ATIRI), Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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25
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Jang D, Lee D, Jung J, Ryoo S. Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1089-1098. [PMID: 35543341 PMCID: PMC9347542 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The discovery of antiviral substances to respond to COVID-19 is a global issue, including the field of drug development based on natural materials. Here, we showed that chitosan-based substances have natural antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS The molecular weight of chitosan-based substances was measured by the gel permeation chromatography analysis. In MTT assay, the chitosan-based substances have low cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The antiviral effect of these substances was confirmed by quantitative viral RNA targeting the RdRp and E genes and plaque assay. Among the substances tested, low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide decreased the fluorescence intensity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein of the virus-infected cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the chitooligosaccharide, a candidate for natural treatment, has antiviral effects against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY In this study, it was suggested for the first time that chitosan-based substances such as chitooligosaccharide can have an antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Jang
- Clinical Research Center, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan Happo-gu, Changwon, 51755, Republic of Korea
| | - Dagyum Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan Happo-gu, Changwon, 51755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Jung
- Clinical Research Center, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan Happo-gu, Changwon, 51755, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungweon Ryoo
- Clinical Research Center, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan Happo-gu, Changwon, 51755, Republic of Korea
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26
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Yu L, Zong Y, Han Y, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Oyom W, Gong D, Prusky D, Bi Y. Both chitosan and chitooligosaccharide treatments accelerate wound healing of pear fruit by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:483-490. [PMID: 35196569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) treatments on wound healing of pear fruits and to investigate the related mechanisms during postharvest storage under ambient conditions. The results revealed that CTS and COS treatments reduced the weight loss and disease index of the wounded pears (Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dongguo), and accelerated suberin polyphenolic and lignin deposition at wounds during 7 d of investigation. Furthermore, CTS and COS elevated the level of the genes expression and activities of key enzymes and increased product contents of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Collectively, these treatments at a concentration of 1 g/L could promote wound healing in pears by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism. Comparatively, COS treatment presented better effects to CTS and could be useful as a preservative method to enhance storability of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yatong Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - William Oyom
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Di Gong
- Department of Food Science, Insititute of Postharvest and Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Insititute of Postharvest and Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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27
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Zhou J, Harindintwali JD, Yang W, Han M, Deng B, Luan H, Zhang W, Liu X, Yu X. Engineering of a chitosanase fused to a carbohydrate-binding module for continuous production of desirable chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118609. [PMID: 34561008 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) with multiple biological activities are usually produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan or chitin. However, purification and recycling of the enzyme have largely limited the advancement of CHOS bioproduction. Here, we engineered a novel enzyme by fusing the native chitosanase Csn75 with a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) that can specifically bind to curdlan. The recombinase Csn75-CBM was successfully expressed by Pichia pastoris and allowed one-step purification and immobilization in the chitosanase immobilized curdlan packed-bed reactor (CICPR), where a maximum adsorption capacity of 39.59 mg enzyme/g curdlan was achieved. CHOS with degrees of polymerization of 2-5 (a hydrolysis yield of 97.75%), 3-6 (75.45%), and 3-7 (73.2%) were continuously produced by adjusting the ratio of enzyme and chitosan or the flow rate of chitosan. Moreover, the CICPR exhibited good stability and reusability after several cycles. The recombinase Csn75-CBM has greatly improved the efficiency of the bioproduction of CHOS.
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28
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Yin X, Liu S, Qin Y, Xing R, Li K, Yu C, Chen X, Li P. Metabonomics analysis of drought resistance of wheat seedlings induced by β-aminobutyric acid-modified chitooligosaccharide derivative. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118437. [PMID: 34420706 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide grafted with β-aminobutyric acid based on the idea of bioactive molecular splicing was prepared, and the differences in drought resistance activity before and after grafting were compared. The mechanism was investigated by comparing the differences of the derivative with the Control and Drought about metabolomes. The results showed that the expected derivative was successfully synthesized, named COS-BABA, and had better drought resistance-inducing activity than the raw materials. We suggest that COS-BABA induced drought resistance through second messenger-induced activation of signaling pathways related to traumatic acid and indol-3-lactic acid, which enhanced nucleic acid metabolism to accumulate nucleotides and decreased some amino acids to facilitate protein synthesis. These proteins are regulated to strengthen photosynthesis, resulting in the promotion of carbohydrate metabolism. The accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids stabilized the cell membrane structure and prevented nonstomatal water dissipation. This study provides ideas for the development of more effective drought resistance inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Yin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yukun Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chunlin Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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29
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Chandika P, Kim MS, Khan F, Kim YM, Heo SY, Oh GW, Kim NG, Jung WK. Wound healing properties of triple cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol)/methacrylate kappa-carrageenan/ chitooligosaccharide hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118272. [PMID: 34294304 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop an effective and mechanically robust wound dressing, a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/methacrylate kappa-carrageenan (κ-CaMA) composite hydrogel encapsulated with a chitooligosaccharide (COS) was prepared in a cassette via repeated freeze/thaw cycles, photo-crosslinking, and chemical cross-linking. The chemical, physical, mechanical, in vitro biocompatibility, in vivo wound-healing properties, and antibacterial activity of triple-crosslinked hydrogel were subsequently characterized. The results showed that the PVA/κ-CaMA/COS (Pκ-CaC) hydrogel had a uniformly thick, highly porous three-dimensional architecture with uniformly distributed pores, a high fluid absorption, and retention capacity without disturbing its mechanical stability, and good in vitro biocompatibility. Macroscopic images from the full-thickness skin wound model revealed that the wounds dressed with the proposed Pκ-CaC hydrogel were completely healed by day 14, while the histomorphological results confirmed full re-epithelization and rapid skin-tissue remodeling. This study thus indicates that the composite Pκ-CaC hydrogel has significant potential for use as a wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Chandika
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Agostini SBN, Malta IHS, Rodrigues RF, Freitas JTJ, Lino MEDS, Dos Santos RS, Elisei LS, Moraes TR, Giusto LADR, de Oliveira MK, Bassi da Silva J, Bruschi ML, Santos AMD, Nogueira DA, Novaes RD, Pereira GR, Galdino G, Carvalho FC. Preclinical evaluation of methotrexate-loaded polyelectrolyte complexes and thermosensitive hydrogels as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105856. [PMID: 33882329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes new methotrexate (MTX) loaded drug delivery systems (DDS) to treat rheumatoid arthritis via the intra-articular route: a poloxamer based thermosensitive hydrogel (MTX-HG), oligochitosan and hypromellose phthalate-based polyelectrolyte complexes (MTX-PEC) and their association (MTX-PEC-HG). MTX-PEC showed 470 ± 166 nm particle size, 0.298 ± 0.108 polydispersity index, +26 ± 2 mV and 74.3 ± 5.8% MTX efficiency entrapment and particle formation was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. MTX-HG and MTX-PEC-HG gelled at 36.7°C. MTX drug release profile was prolonged for MTX-HG and MTX-PEC-HG, and faster for MTX-PEC and free MTX. The in vivo effect of the MTX-DDSs systems was evaluated in induced arthritis rats as single intra-articular dose. The assessed parameters were the mechanical nociceptive threshold, the plasmatic IL-1β level and histological analysis of the tibiofemoral joint. MTX-HG and MTX-PEC-HG performance were similar to free MTX and worse than oral MTX, used as positive control. All DDSs showed some irritative effect, for which further studies are required. MTX-PEC was the best treatment on recovering cartilage damage and decreasing allodynia. Thus, MTX-PEC demonstrated potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with the possibility of decreasing the systemic exposure to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Merelym Ketterym de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho". UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ribeiro Pereira
- Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Fármacos e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Instituto de Ciência da Motricidade, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Chiva Carvalho
- Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Fármacos e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Brazil
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Thitiset T, Damrongsakkul S, Yodmuang S, Leeanansaksiri W, Apinun J, Honsawek S. A novel gelatin/ chitooligosaccharide/demineralized bone matrix composite scaffold and periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Biomater Res 2021; 25:19. [PMID: 34134780 PMCID: PMC8207659 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A novel biodegradable scaffold including gelatin (G), chitooligosaccharide (COS), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) could play a significant part in bone tissue engineering. The present study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of composite scaffolds in combination of G, COS, and DBM for in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal bioassays. Methods Three-dimensional scaffolds from the mixture of G, COS, and DBM were fabricated into 3 groups, namely, G, GC, and GCD using a lyophilization technique. The scaffolds were cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for 4 weeks to determine biological responses such as cell attachment and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, cell morphology, and cell surface elemental composition. For the in vivo bioassay, G, GC, and GCD, acellular scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in 8-week-old male Wistar rats for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The explants were assessed for new bone formation using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and von Kossa staining. Results The MSCs could attach and proliferate on all three groups of scaffolds. Interestingly, the ALP activity of MSCs reached the greatest value on day 7 after cultured on the scaffolds, whereas the calcium assay displayed the highest level of calcium in MSCs on day 28. Furthermore, weight percentages of calcium and phosphorus on the surface of MSCs after cultivation on the GCD scaffolds increased when compared to those on other scaffolds. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that MSCs attached and proliferated on the scaffold surface thoroughly over the cultivation time. Mineral crystal aggregation was evident in GC and greatly in GCD scaffolds. H&E staining illustrated that G, GC, and GCD scaffolds displayed osteoid after 4 weeks of implantation and von Kossa staining confirmed the mineralization at 8 weeks in G, GC, and GCD scaffolds. Conclusion The MSCs cultured in GCD scaffolds revealed greater osteogenic differentiation than those cultured in G and GC scaffolds. Additionally, the G, GC, and GCD scaffolds could promote in vivo ectopic bone formation in rat model. The GCD scaffolds exhibited maximum osteoinductive capability compared with others and may be potentially used for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakoon Thitiset
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Excellence Center for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wilairat Leeanansaksiri
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Jirun Apinun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Jiang Z, Ma S, Guan L, Yan Q, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel bifunctional chitosanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii for chitooligosaccharide production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:83. [PMID: 33855634 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitosanase gene, designated as PbCsn8, was cloned from Paenibacillus barengoltzii. It shared the highest identity of 73% with the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 8 chitosanase from Bacillus thuringiensis JAM-GG01. The gene was heterologously expressed in Bacillus subtilis as an extracellular protein, and the highest chitosanase yield of 1, 108 U/mL was obtained by high-cell density fermentation in a 5-L fermentor. The recombinant chitosanase (PbCsn8) was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. PbCsn8 was most active at pH 5.5 and 70 °C, respectively. It was stable in a wide pH range of 5.0-11.0 and up to 55 °C. PbCsn8 was a bifunctional enzyme, exhibiting both chitosanase and glucanase activities, with the highest specificity towards chitosan (360 U/mg), followed by barley β-glucan (72 U/mg) and lichenan (13 U/mg). It hydrolyzed chitosan to release mainly chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-3, while hydrolyzed barley β-glucan to yield mainly glucooligosaccharides with DP > 5. PbCsn8 was further applied in COS production, and the highest COS yield of 79.3% (w/w) was obtained. This is the first report on a GH family 8 chitosanase from P. barengoltzii. The high yield and remarkable hydrolysis properties may make PbCsn8 a good candidate in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suai Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Chandika P, Oh GW, Heo SY, Kim SC, Kim TH, Kim MS, Jung WK. Electrospun porous bilayer nano-fibrous fish collagen/PCL bio-composite scaffolds with covalently cross-linked chitooligosaccharides for full-thickness wound-healing applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 121:111871. [PMID: 33579504 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of tissue-engineered biodegradable artificial tissue substitutes with extracellular matrix-mimicking properties that govern the interaction between the material and biological environment is of great interest in wound-healing applications. In the present study, novel bilayer nanofibrous scaffolds composed of fish collagen (FC) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were fabricated using electrospinning, with the covalent attachment of chitooligosaccharides (COS) via carbodiimide chemistry. The architecture and fiber diameter of the non-cross-linked nanofibrous scaffolds remained consistent irrespective of the polymer ratio under different electrospinning conditions, but the fiber diameter changed after cross-linking in association with the FC content. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the blend of biomaterials was homogenous, with an increase in COS levels with increasing FC content in the nanofibrous scaffolds. Based on cytocompatibility analysis (i.e., the cellular response to the nanofibrous scaffolds and their interaction), the nanofibrous scaffolds with high FC content were functionally active in response to normal human dermal fibroblast‑neonatal (NHDF-neo) and HaCaT keratinocyte cells, leading to the generation of a very effective tissue-engineered implant for full-thickness wound-healing applications. In addition to these empirical results, an assessment of the hydrophilicity, swelling, and mechanical integrity of the proposed COS-containing FC-rich FC/PCL (FCP) nanofibrous scaffolds confirmed that they have significant potential for use as tissue-engineered skin implants for rapid skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Chandika
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Chang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Cao Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Xue C, Mao X. A rapid, easy, and sensitive method for detecting His-tag-containing chitinase based on ssDNA aptamers and gold nanoparticles. Food Chem 2020; 330:127230. [PMID: 32526651 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides with many biological activities that can be used in food production for sweeteners, preservatives and humectants, among other products. Chitin, a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine and a derivative of glucose, can be hydrolyzed by applying chitinase to break down glycosidic bonds to form chitooligosaccharides. Chitinases arising from heterologous gene expression are usually linked to a 6 × His-tag to facilitate easy purification. Heterologously expressed chitinase linked to a 6 × His-tag is a transgenic element, but enzyme activity tests cannot be used to distinguish transgenic elements from natural elements. In this study, we established a rapid and easy method to detect His-tag-containing chitinase using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and ssDNA aptamers. Using this method, His-tag-containing chitinase could be detected at concentrations as low as 0.136 nM within 5 min. Color changes of AuNPs showed a positive correlation with His-tag-containing chitinase concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoning Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Lee WJ, Chi MH, Sung WC. Effects of calcium citrate, chitosan and chitooligosaccharide addition on acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation in dark brown sugar. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:1636-46. [PMID: 32327774 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium citrate, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharide were added to sugarcane juice to investigate their effect on color, pH, antioxidant activity, reducing sugar, acrylamide and HMF mitigation in dark brown sugar production. Results showed that the content of 52-67% acrylamide in the dark brown sugar was mitigated with 0.1-1.0% chitosan addition and the reducing power of dark brown sugar increased with 0.5-1.0% chitosan addition. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5-1.0% chitosan or chitooligosaccharide increased HMF formation. Only the pH of dark brown sugar with chitosan addition was lower than that of other dark brown sugars. This is due to the low pH condition in dark brown sugar mitigating Maillard reaction and acrylamide formation. When the pH of sugarcane juice with chitosan adjusted back to pH 7 again, the acrylamide content of dark brown sugars significant increased (p < 0.05). Acrylamide and HMF are both produced through the Maillard reaction, the lower pH will cause the hydrolysis of sucrose to produce more HMF and reducing sugar. The L values and white index of dark brown sugar with 0.5-1.0% added chitosan were lower than those of control dark brown sugar (p < 0.05). High negative correlation was observed between HMF and acrylamide in the present study.
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Abstract
Rutin possesses a wide range of application prospects with various bioactivities. However, its bitter and water-insoluble properties restrict its application in the field of functional foods. A new complex of rutin and chitooligosaccharide (Rutin-COS) was prepared via spray-drying method (100 °C, 1 L/h) and freeze-drying method (-80 °C, 24 h), respectively. The water solubility, bitterness, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Rutin-COS were evaluated, and the complexation of Rutin-COS was characterized by SEM, 1H-NMR and ROESY. Compared to freeze-drying method, spray-drying method was more effective for preparing stable Rutin-COS complex. The spray-dried Rutin-COS showed increased water solubility, weakened bitterness, enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to rutin. The Rutin-COS complex was demonstrated to be formed through hydrogen bonds between the A, B rings of rutin and COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qiuchen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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Abstract
In this study, new complexes of Naringin and Chitooligosaccharide (Nari-COS) at different mole ratios (1:1, 1:5, 1:10) were prepared by spray-drying method so as to enhance the water solubility and weaken the bitterness of naringin. At the same time, the antioxidant and the antibacterial properties of this complex were evaluated. SEM, FTIR, 1H NMR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of Nari-COS formed through hydrogen bonds between the A, B rings of naringin and COS. Nari-COS exhibited significantly better water solubility, reduced bitterness, stronger antioxidant capacity, and enhanced antibacterial property in comparison to pure naringin, benefitting the extensive application of natural products in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
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Rahimnejad S, Yuan X, Wang L, Lu K, Song K, Zhang C. Chitooligosaccharide supplementation in low-fish meal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Effects on growth, innate immunity, gut histology, and immune-related genes expression. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 80:405-415. [PMID: 29908322 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing chitooligosaccharide (COS) in low fish meal (FM) diets on growth, immune response, intestine and hepatopancrease histology, and expression of inflammatory and immune-related genes in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A basal diet was formulated using FM and soybean meal (SM) as primary protein sources and considered as a high FM (HFM) diet, then a low FM (LFM) diet was prepared by substituting 50% of FM with SM and supplemented with 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 or 1.5 g COS kg-1 diet (LFM, COS3, COS6, COS9, COS12 and COS15 diets). Each diet was fed to quadruplicate groups of shrimp (0.9 g) to apparent satiation three times daily for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment no significant changes in growth and survival rate were observed among treatments (P > 0.05). FM replacement led to significant (P < 0.05) reduction of serum lysozyme activity and significant improvements were obtained by adding 0.3 or 0.6 g kg-1 COS to the LFM diet. A significant decrease in nitric oxide synthase activity was found in LFM group and no beneficial effects could be achieved by COS application. LFM group showed higher hepatopancrease superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities than HFM group and further enhancements were obtained by COS application. Hepatopancrease total antioxidant capacity and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in LFM group and COS supplementation improved their values. Expression of lysozyme, crustin, Pen3 and proPo genes were significantly up-regulated in hepatopancrease of groups received 0.3-0.9 g COS kg-1 diet. FM substitution enhanced the expression of HSP70 and inflammatory genes such as AIF and TNF in hepatopancrease and intestine, and COS administration at a moderate level down-regulated their expression level. Remarkable enhancement in intestinal fold height was obtained by inclusion of 0.3 or 0.6 g COS kg-1 diet compared to the group received LFM diet. Shrimps fed HFM and COS containing diets exhibited higher number of E-cells within their hepatopancrease tubules than the LFM group. The findings in this study clearly demonstrated that COS could enhance non-specific immune response and antioxidant activity, and ameliorate the negative impacts of high SM diets on gut and hepatopancrease health in pacific white shrimp. The optimum inclusion level of COS seems to be 0.3-0.6 g kg-1 of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Rahimnejad
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiangli Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kangle Lu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kai Song
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Park HH, Ko SC, Oh GW, Jang YM, Kim YM, Park WS, Choi IW, Jung WK. Characterization and biological activity of PVA hydrogel containing chitooligosaccharides conjugated with gallic acid. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:197-205. [PMID: 30092991 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes plays a key role in the onset of inflammation leading to acne and in downregulation of the defense system against oxidative stress. Therefore, antibiotics such as macrolides, tetracyclines, azelaic acid, and erythromycin are used to reduce microbial proliferation and resulting inflammation. Nonetheless, antibiotic treatment has side effects including cytotoxicity, allergy, and diarrhea. Therefore, recent studies were focused on the development of alternative antimicrobial materials. We conjugated chitooligosaccharide (COS) with gallic acid (GA) by the hydrogen peroxide-mediated method and evaluated antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Then, we fabricated a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing COS conjugated with GA (GA-COS) for acne treatment. GA-COS at 5-10 kDa showed an excellent antioxidant activity and a better antimicrobial activity against P. acnes as compared with COS. In addition, the PVA hydrogel with GA-COS inhibited intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species and exerted antimicrobial action better than controls did.
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Qin Z, Chen Q, Lin S, Luo S, Qiu Y, Zhao L. Expression and characterization of a novel cold-adapted chitosanase suitable for chitooligosaccharides controllable preparation. Food Chem 2018; 253:139-47. [PMID: 29502814 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide is widely used as a functional food additive and a valuable pharmacological agent. The transformation of chitinous biomass into valuable bioactive chitooligosaccharides is one of the most exciting applications of chitosanase. A novel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (GsCsn46A) from rhizobacterium Gynuella sunshinyii was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. GsCsn46A showed maximal activity at pH 5.5 and 30 °C. GsCsn46A featured remarkable cold-adapted property, which controllably hydrolyzed chitosan to three types of chitooligosaccharides at the mild reaction condition (reaction condition: pH 5.5 at 30 °C; method for stopping the reaction: 50 °C for 30 min). The yields of three types of chitooligosaccharides products (degree of polymerization (DP): 2-7, 2-5 and 2-3) were 70.9%, 87.1% and 94.6% respectively. This novel cold-adapted chitosanase provides a cleaner production process for the controllable preparation of chitooligosaccharides with the specific DP.
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Yan F, Yu X, Jing Y. Optimized preparation, characterization, and antioxidant activity of chitooligosaccharide-glycine Maillard reaction products. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 55:712-720. [PMID: 29391636 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitooligosaccharide (COS) and glycine (Gly) were selected to prepare Maillard reaction products, which were designated COS-Gly-MRPs. Changes in the FTIR and fluorescence spectra confirmed the formation of the COS-Gly-MRPs. Using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as a response, the optimal reaction conditions, i.e., a time of 107 min, temperature of 121 °C, pH of 6.0, and nCOS:nGly = 2.5:1, were obtained by one-variable-at-a-time method and by response surface methodology. The resulting COS-Gly-MRPs exhibited much stronger antioxidant activity than their substrates. The FRAP of COS-Gly-MRPs was 32.14 mmol Fe2+/L, and the radical scavenging activity of COS-Gly-MRPs reached 78.6, 89.0, 92.3, and 86.0% for ABTS, superoxide, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. After 7 days of storage, COS-Gly-MRPs-treated fruit juices showed higher antioxidant capacity than those treated with a mixture of COS and Gly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Yingjun Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
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Zong H, Li K, Liu S, Song L, Xing R, Chen X, Li P. Improvement in cadmium tolerance of edible rape (Brassica rapa L.) with exogenous application of chitooligosaccharide. Chemosphere 2017; 181:92-100. [PMID: 28432881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals, which is readily taken up by plant roots and has deleterious effects on crop yield and quality. The study investigated the potential cross-protection roles of chitooligosaccharide (COS) in alleviating Cd toxicity in edible rape (Brassica rapa L.) under greenhouse conditions. The results demonstrated that spraying COS onto the leaves of edible rape could promote the plant growth and leaf chlorophyll contents, decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in leaves as well as the Cd2+ concentration in shoots and roots of edible rape under Cd stress. Moreover, exogenous COS could obviously enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) in edible rape leaves under Cd-toxicity. The alleviation effect of COS on Cd stress was concentration-dependent and COS of 50-100 mg L-1 showed the best activity. Subcellular distribution experiments further revealed that COS of 50 mg L-1 decreased the proportion of Cd in the organelle fraction of leaves by 40.1% while increased the proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction by 13.2%. These results indicated that COS had a potential to enhance plant resistance to Cd through promoting antioxidant enzyme activities and altering Cd subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zong
- Key Laboratory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Song
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Chokradjaroen C, Rujiravanit R, Watthanaphanit A, Theeramunkong S, Saito N, Yamashita K, Arakawa R. Enhanced degradation of chitosan by applying plasma treatment in combination with oxidizing agents for potential use as an anticancer agent. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:1-11. [PMID: 28433142 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solution plasma (SP) treatment in combination with oxidizing agents, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) were adopted to chitosan degradation in order to achieve fast degradation rate, low chemicals used and high yield of low-molecular-weight chitosan and chitooligosaccharide (COS). Among the studied oxidizing agents, H2O2 was found to be the best choice in terms of appreciable molecular weight reduction without major change in chemical structure of the degraded products of chitosan. By the combination with SP treatment, dilute solution of H2O2 (4-60mM) was required for effective degradation of chitosan. The combination of SP treatment and dilute solution of H2O2 (60mM) resulted in the great reduction of molecular weight of chitosan and water-soluble chitosan was obtained as a major product. The resulting water-soluble chitosan was precipitated to obtain COS. An inhibitory effect against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa cells) of COS was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratana Rujiravanit
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; NU-PPC Plasma Chemical Technology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Anyarat Watthanaphanit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Nagahiro Saito
- Department of Materials, Physics and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Li R, Yang X, Li Q, Ye S, Li H. Enhanced immune response and resistance to edwardsiellosis following dietary chitooligosaccharide supplementation in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 47:74-78. [PMID: 26314523 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chitooligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on peripheral leukocyte count, head kidney leukocyte phagocytic rate, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme activity, and immune protection in Paralichthys olivaceus. A total of 300 flounder with an average body weight of 80-100 g were randomly assigned into four dietary groups: (I) basic diet (control), basic diet containing (II) 0.5% COS, and (III) 1% COS, fed continuously for 28 d, and (IV) basic diet containing 1% COS fed in 14 d intervals. Continuous feeding of 0.5% and 1% COS diets for 28 d significantly increased the number of peripheral leukocytes, head kidney leukocyte phagocytic rate, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity, and serum lysozyme activity (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). After a 10 d Edwardsiella tarda challenge, the immune protection rates in the 0.5% and 1% COS groups were 30% and 60%, respectively. No control fish survived the E. tarda challenge treatment. Most immune indices were slightly lower after removal of COS from the diet for 14 d, but all immune indices were observed to recover after another 14 d of COS supplementation. This study demonstrates that supplementation of a basic diet with COS enhances the non-specific immune response and improves survival rates following infection with E. tarda in P. olivaceus. An optimized interval feeding strategy with diets containing 1% COS may have potential applications in the prevention of disease in aquacultured P. olivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shigen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Hou H, Zhang L, Ye Z, Li J, Lian Z, Chen C, He R, Peng B, Xu Q, Zhang G, Gan W, Tang P. Chitooligosaccharide Inhibits Scar Formation and Enhances Functional Recovery in a Mouse Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:2249-57. [PMID: 25972239 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has been shown to induce fibroblast apoptosis, indicating that it could be used as a material to inhibit scar formation. In the present study, we used a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury (SNI) to determine the role of COS in scar inhibition and functional recovery. The animals were divided into three groups: SNI, SNI + vehicle, and SNI + COS group. We performed a series of functional and histological examinations at ctrl, 0 min, 14 days, and 42 days, including behavioral recovery, percentage of regenerating axons, degree of scar formation, vascular changes, type I and type III collagen ratio, and percentage of demyelinated axons. The SNI + COS group exhibited better recovery of sensory and motor function and less scar formation. Two-photon microscopy showed that the percentage of regenerating axons was highest in the SNI + COS group at 14 and 42 days. Our results suggested that COS can inhibit scar formation and enhance functional recovery by inducing fibroblast death, altering the proportion of different vascular diameters, changing the ratio of type I/type III collagen, and reducing the percentage of demyelinated axons. COS might be a useful drug in the treatment of SNI to reduce scar formation, but additional research is required to clarify the relevant molecular pathways.
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Zhang J, Han J, Zhang X, Jiang J, Xu M, Zhang D, Han J. Polymeric nanoparticles based on chitooligosaccharide as drug carriers for co-delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid and paclitaxel. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:25-34. [PMID: 26050884 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-chitooligosaccharide (RCOS) conjugate was synthesized to form self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles to facilitate the co-delivery of ATRA and paclitaxel (PTX). The blank RCOS nanoparticles possessed low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, and could efficiently load PTX with a drug loading of 22.2% and a high encapsulation efficiency of 71.3%. PTX-loaded RCOS nanoparticles displayed a higher cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells compared to PTX plus ATRA solution when corrected by the accumulated drug release. Cellular uptake profiles of RCOS nanoparticles were evaluated via confocal laser scanning microscope and flow cytometry with FITC as a fluorescent mark. The RCOS nanoparticles could be rapidly and continuously taken up by HepG2 cells via endocytosis and transported into the nucleus, and the uptake rates increased with particle concentration. These results revealed the promising potential of RCOS nanoparticles as drug carriers for co-delivery of ATRA and PTX or other hydrophobic therapeutic agents.
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Jiang C, Wang H, Zhang X, Sun Z, Wang F, Cheng J, Xie H, Yu B, Zhou L. Deoxycholic acid-modified chitooligosaccharide/mPEG-PDLLA mixed micelles loaded with paclitaxel for enhanced antitumor efficacy. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:60-8. [PMID: 25152167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a block in polymeric micelles can prolong circulation life and reduce systemic clearance but decrease the cellular uptake. To overcome this limitation, a mixed micelle composed of deoxycholic acid-modified chitooligosaccharide (COS-DOCA) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide copolymer (mPEG-PDLLA) was designed to load paclitaxel (PTX). The PTX-loaded mixed micelles was prepared by nanoprecipitation method with high drug-loading efficiency of 8.03% and encapsulation efficiency of 97.09% as well as small size (∼40 nm) and narrow size distribution. COS-DOCA/mPEG-PDLLA mixed micelles exhibited the sustained release property. Due to the positive charge and bioadhesive property of COS-DOCA, the cellular uptake of PTX in mixed micelles was higher in cancer cells but lower in macrophage cells compared to the mPEG-PDLLA micelles. The systemic toxicity of PTX in mixed micelles was much lower than Taxol using zebrafish as a toxicological model. Furthermore, the PTX-loaded COS-DOCA/mPEG-PDLLA mixed micelles can prolong the blood circulation time of PTX and enhance the antitumor efficacy in A549 lung xenograft model. Our findings indicate that COS-DOCA/mPEG-PDLLA mixed micelles could be a potential vehicle for enhanced delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Hangzhou PushiKang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Hangzhou PushiKang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Cheng
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Hangzhou PushiKang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Abla M, Marmuse L, Delolme F, Vors JP, Ladavière C, Trombotto S. Access to tetra-N-acetyl-chitopentaose by chemical N-acetylation of glucosamine pentamer. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:770-7. [PMID: 23987411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the easy access of tetra-N-acetyl-chitopentaose and its counterparts is highly interesting since such chemical compounds are precursors of biological signal molecules with a strong agro-economic impact. The chemical synthesis of tetra-N-acetyl-chitopentaose by controlled N-acetylation of the glucosamine pentamer hydrochloride under mild conditions is described herein. A systematic study on the influence of the different parameters involved in this reaction, such as the solvent, the acetylating agent, and the base used for the deprotonation of ammonium groups of the starting material was carried out. The characterization of final reaction products by HPLC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry showed that each of these parameters affects differently the acetylation reaction. Whereas the solvent plays an important role in the N- or O-acetylation selectivity, the acetylating agent and the base were found to influence both the degree of N-acetylation and the distribution of the partially N-acetylated derivatives in the product mixtures. Based on these results, optimized reaction conditions have been established allowing tetra-N-acetyl-chitopentaose to be synthesized in a one-pot deprotonation/N-acetylation of the glucosamine pentamer hydrochloride in a moderate yield (ca 30%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Abla
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR CNRS 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Domaine Scientifique de la Doua, Bâtiment POLYTECH, 15 bd André Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Ihara H, Hanashima S, Tsukamoto H, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Ikeda Y. Difucosylation of chitooligosaccharides by eukaryote and prokaryote α1,6-fucosyltransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4482-90. [PMID: 23688399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synthesis of eukaryotic N-glycans and the rhizobia Nod factor both involve α1,6-fucosylation. These fucosylations are catalyzed by eukaryotic α1,6-fucosyltransferase, FUT8, and rhizobial enzyme, NodZ. The two enzymes have similar enzymatic properties and structures but display different acceptor specificities: FUT8 and NodZ prefer N-glycan and chitooligosaccharide, respectively. This study was conducted to examine the fucosylation of chitooligosaccharides by FUT8 and NodZ and to characterize the resulting difucosylated chitooligosaccharides in terms of their resistance to hydrolysis by glycosidases. METHODS The issue of whether FUT8 or NodZ catalyzes the further fucosylation of chitooligosaccharides that had first been monofucosylated by the other. The oligosaccharide products from the successive reactions were analyzed by normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect of difucosylation on sensitivity to glycosidase digestion was also investigated. RESULTS Both FUT8 and NodZ are able to further fucosylate the monofucosylated chitooligosaccharides. Structural analyses of the resulting oligosaccharides showed that the reducing terminal GlcNAc residue and the third GlcNAc residue from the non-reducing end are fucosylated via α1,6-linkages. The difucosylation protected the oligosaccharides from extensive degradation to GlcNAc by hexosamidase and lysozyme, and also even from defucosylation by fucosidase. CONCLUSIONS The sequential actions of FUT8 and NodZ on common substrates effectively produce site-specific-difucosylated chitooligosaccharides. This modification confers protection to the oligosaccharides against various glycosidases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The action of a combination of eukaryotic and bacterial α1,6-fucosyltransferases on chitooligosaccharides results in the formation of difucosylated products, which serves to stabilize chitooligosaccharides against the action of glycosidases.
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Key Words
- COSY
- Chitooligosaccharide
- FUT8-monofucosylated chitooligosaccharide
- Fuc
- Fucosylation
- Fucosyltransferase
- GDP
- GN1
- GN2
- GN3
- GN4
- GN5
- GN6
- GNF
- GNFF′
- GNF′
- GlcNAc or N-acetylglucosamine
- Glycosidase
- HPLC
- HSQC
- Lysozyme
- MALDI
- MS
- N,N′,N″,N‴,N‴′,N‴″-hexaacetyl chitohexaose
- N,N′,N″,N‴,N‴′-pentaacetyl chitopentaose
- N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetyl chitotetraose
- N,N′,N″-triacetyl chitotriose
- N,N′-diacetyl chitobiose
- NMR
- NodZ-monofucosylated chitooligosaccharide
- TOCSY
- TOF
- correlation spectroscopy
- difucosylated chitooligosaccharide
- fucose
- guanine nucleotide diphosphate
- hetero-nuclear single quantum coherence
- high performance liquid chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
- nuclear magnetic resonance
- time of flight
- total correlation spectroscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ihara
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
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