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Yuasa M, Yamada T, Taniyama T, Masaoka T, Xuetao W, Yoshii T, Horie M, Yasuda H, Uemura T, Okawa A, Sotome S. Dexamethasone enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow- and muscle-derived stromal cells and augments ectopic bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116462. [PMID: 25659106 PMCID: PMC4319911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether dexamethasone augments the osteogenic capability of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) and muscle tissue-derived stromal cells (MuSCs), both of which are thought to contribute to ectopic bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and determined the underlying mechanisms. Rat BMSCs and MuSCs were cultured in growth media with or without 10-7 M dexamethasone and then differentiated under osteogenic conditions with dexamethasone and BMP-2. The effects of dexamethasone on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and also on ectopic bone formation induced by BMP-2, were analyzed. Dexamethasone affected not only the proliferation rate but also the subpopulation composition of BMSCs and MuSCs, and subsequently augmented their osteogenic capacity during osteogenic differentiation. During osteogenic induction by BMP-2, dexamethasone also markedly affected cell proliferation in both BMSCs and MuSCs. In an in vivo ectopic bone formation model, bone formation in muscle-implanted scaffolds containing dexamethasone and BMP-2 was more than two fold higher than that in scaffolds containing BMP-2 alone. Our results suggest that dexamethasone potently enhances the osteogenic capability of BMP-2 and may thus decrease the quantity of BMP-2 required for clinical application, thereby reducing the complications caused by excessive doses of BMP-2. Highlights: 1. Dexamethasone induced selective proliferation of bone marrow- and muscle-derived cells with higher differentiation potential. 2. Dexamethasone enhanced the osteogenic capability of bone marrow- and muscle-derived cells by altering the subpopulation composition. 3. Dexamethasone augmented ectopic bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yuasa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniyama
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Masaoka
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Xuetao
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasuda
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Uemura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sotome
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Research and Development, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Rocca A, Marino A, Rocca V, Moscato S, de Vito G, Piazza V, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V, Ngo-Anh TJ, Ciofani G. Barium titanate nanoparticles and hypergravity stimulation improve differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:433-45. [PMID: 25609955 PMCID: PMC4294648 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancement of the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is highly desirable in the field of bone regeneration. This paper proposes a new approach for the improvement of osteogenesis combining hypergravity with osteoinductive nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of hypergravity and barium titanate NPs (BTNPs) on the osteogenic differentiation of rat MSCs, and the hypergravity effects on NP internalization. To obtain the hypergravity condition, we used a large-diameter centrifuge in the presence of a BTNP-doped culture medium. We analyzed cell morphology and NP internalization with immunofluorescent staining and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, respectively. Moreover, cell differentiation was evaluated both at the gene level with quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and at the protein level with Western blotting. Results Following a 20 g treatment, we found alterations in cytoskeleton conformation, cellular shape and morphology, as well as a significant increment of expression of osteoblastic markers both at the gene and protein levels, jointly pointing to a substantial increment of NP uptake. Taken together, our findings suggest a synergistic effect of hypergravity and BTNPs in the enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Conclusion The obtained results could become useful in the design of new approaches in bone-tissue engineering, as well as for in vitro drug-delivery strategies where an increment of nanocarrier internalization could result in a higher drug uptake by cell and/or tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rocca
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy ; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy ; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Veronica Rocca
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Pisa, Italy, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe de Vito
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Pisa, Italy ; Scuola Normale Superiore, NEST, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piazza
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Thu Jennifer Ngo-Anh
- Directorate of Human Spaceflight and Operations, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy
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53
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Moeinzadeh S, Barati D, Sarvestani SK, Karimi T, Jabbari E. Experimental and computational investigation of the effect of hydrophobicity on aggregation and osteoinductive potential of BMP-2-derived peptide in a hydrogel matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:134-46. [PMID: 25051457 PMCID: PMC4293094 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive approach to reduce the undesired side effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in regenerative medicine is to use osteoinductive peptide sequences derived from BMPs. Although the structure and function of BMPs have been studied extensively, there is limited data on structure and activity of BMP-derived peptides immobilized in hydrogels. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of concentration and hydrophobicity of the BMP-2 peptide, corresponding to residues 73-92 of the knuckle epitope of BMP-2 protein, on peptide aggregation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. The peptide hydrophobicity was varied by capping PEG chain ends with short lactide segments. The BMP-2 peptide with a positive index of hydrophobicity had a critical micelle concentration (CMC) and formed aggregates in aqueous solution. Based on simulation results, there was a slight increase in the concentration of free peptide in solution with 1000-fold increase in peptide concentration. The dose-osteogenic response curve of the BMP-2 peptide was in the 0.0005-0.005 mM range, and osteoinductive potential of the BMP-2 peptide was significantly less than that of BMP-2 protein even at 1000-fold higher concentrations, which was attributed to peptide aggregation. Further, the peptide or PEG-peptide aggregates had significantly higher interaction energy with the cell membrane compared with the free peptide, which led to a higher nonspecific interaction with the cell membrane and loss of osteoinductive potential. Conjugation of the BMP-2 peptide to PEG increased CMC and osteoinductive potential of the peptide whereas conjugation to lactide-capped PEG reduced CMC and osteoinductive potential of the peptide. Experimental and simulation results revealed that osteoinductive potential of the BMP-2 peptide is correlated with its CMC and the free peptide concentration in aqueous medium and not the total concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
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54
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Mehr NG, Li X, Chen G, Favis BD, Hoemann CD. Pore size and LbL chitosan coating influence mesenchymal stem cellin vitrofibrosis and biomineralization in 3D porous poly(epsilon-caprolactone) scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2449-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghavidel Mehr
- Department of Chemical Engineering; École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Systèmes Polymères et Composites à Haute Performance (CREPEC), École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
- Research Group in Biomedical Sciences and Technology/Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Biomédicales (GRSTB), École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Gaoping Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Basil D. Favis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Systèmes Polymères et Composites à Haute Performance (CREPEC), École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Caroline D. Hoemann
- Department of Chemical Engineering; École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
- Research Group in Biomedical Sciences and Technology/Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Biomédicales (GRSTB), École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
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55
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Lee CSD, Nicolini AM, Watkins EA, Burnsed OA, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Adipose stem cell microbeads as production sources for chondrogenic growth factors. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2014. [PMID: 25705097 PMCID: PMC4329461 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulating stem cells in injectable microbeads can enhance delivery and localization, but their ability to act as growth factor production sources is still unknown. To address this concern, growth factor mRNA levels and production from alginate microbeads with encapsulated human adipose stem cells (ASC microbeads) cultured in both growth and chondrogenic media (GM and CM) were measured over a two week period. Human ASCs in microbeads were either commercially purchased (Lonza) or isolated from six human donors and compared to human ASCs on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The effects of crosslinking and alginate compositions on growth factor mRNA levels and production were also determined. Secretion profiles of IGF-I, TGF-β3 and VEGF-A from commercial human ASC microbeads were linear and at a significantly higher rate than TCPS cultures over two weeks. For human ASCs derived from different donors, microencapsulation increased pthlh and both IGF-I and TGF-β3 secretion. CM decreased fgf2 and VEGF-A secretion from ASC microbeads derived from the same donor population. Crosslinking microbeads in BaCl2 instead of CaCl2 did not eliminate microencapsulation’s beneficial effects, but did decrease IGF-I production. Increasing the guluronate content of the alginate microbead increased IGF-I retention. Decreasing alginate molecular weight eliminated the effects microencapsulation had on increasing IGF-I secretion. This study demonstrated that microencapsulation can enhance chondrogenic growth factor production and that chondrogenic medium treatment can decrease angiogenic growth factor production from ASCs, making these cells a potential source for paracrine factors that can stimulate cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S D Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elyse A Watkins
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olivia A Burnsed
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX, USA
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56
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Seelbach RJ, Fransen P, Peroglio M, Pulido D, Lopez-Chicon P, Duttenhoefer F, Sauerbier S, Freiman T, Niemeyer P, Semino C, Albericio F, Alini M, Royo M, Mata A, Eglin D. Multivalent dendrimers presenting spatially controlled clusters of binding epitopes in thermoresponsive hyaluronan hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4340-50. [PMID: 24993802 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The controlled presentation of biofunctionality is of key importance for hydrogel applications in cell-based regenerative medicine. Here, a versatile approach was demonstrated to present clustered binding epitopes in an injectable, thermoresponsive hydrogel. Well-defined multivalent dendrimers bearing four integrin binding sequences and an azido moiety were covalently grafted to propargylamine-derived hyaluronic acid (Hyal-pa) using copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), and then combined with pN-modified hyaluronan (Hyal-pN). The dendrimers were prepared by synthesizing a bifunctional diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid core with azido and NHBoc oligo(ethylene glycol) aminoethyl branches, then further conjugated with solid-phase synthesized RGDS and DGRS peptides. Azido terminated pN was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and reacted to Hyal-pa via CuAAC. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography, size exclusion chromatography and mass spectroscopy proved that the dendrimers had well-defined size and were disubstituted. NMR and atomic absorption analysis confirmed the hyaluronan was affixed with dendrimers or pN. Rheological measurements demonstrated that dendrimers do not influence the elastic or viscous moduli of thermoresponsive hyaluronan compositions at a relevant biological concentration. Finally, human mesenchymal stromal cells were encapsulated in the biomaterial and cultured for 21days, demonstrating the faculty of this dendrimer-modified hydrogel as a molecular toolbox for tailoring the biofunctionality of thermoresponsive hyaluronan carriers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Seelbach
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Fransen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Peroglio
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Pulido
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Freiman
- Universitätsklinikum Goethe Universität, Schleusenweg 2-16, D-60538 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Niemeyer
- Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Semino
- Institute de Quimica de Sarría, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Royo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Mata
- Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - David Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland.
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Upadhyaya L, Singh J, Agarwal V, Tewari RP. The implications of recent advances in carboxymethyl chitosan based targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. J Control Release 2014; 186:54-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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58
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Gaharwar AK, Mihaila SM, Kulkarni AA, Patel A, Di Luca A, Reis RL, Gomes ME, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Khademhosseini A. Amphiphilic beads as depots for sustained drug release integrated into fibrillar scaffolds. J Control Release 2014; 187:66-73. [PMID: 24794894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Native extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex fibrous structure loaded with bioactive cues that affects the surrounding cells. A promising strategy to mimicking native tissue architecture for tissue engineering applications is to engineer fibrous scaffolds using electrospinning. By loading appropriate bioactive cues within these fibrous scaffolds, various cellular functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation can be regulated. Here, we report on the encapsulation and sustained release of a model hydrophobic drug (dexamethasone (Dex)) within beaded fibrillar scaffold of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)-poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT), a polyether-ester multiblock copolymer to direct differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The amphiphilic beads act as depots for sustained drug release that is integrated into the fibrillar scaffolds. The entrapment of Dex within the beaded structure results in sustained release of the drug over the period of 28days. This is mainly attributed to the diffusion driven release of Dex from the amphiphilic electrospun scaffolds. In vitro results indicate that hMSCs cultured on Dex containing beaded fibrillar scaffolds exhibit an increase in osteogenic differentiation potential, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, compared to the direct infusion of Dex in the culture medium. The formation of a mineralized matrix is also significantly enhanced due to the controlled Dex release from the fibrous scaffolds. This approach can be used to engineer scaffolds with appropriate chemical cues to direct tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, USA; Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
| | - Silvia M Mihaila
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA; 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, AvePark, Taipas, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ashish A Kulkarni
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Alpesh Patel
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Di Luca
- Tissue Regeneration Department, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, AvePark, Taipas, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, AvePark, Taipas, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Tissue Regeneration Department, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Tissue Regeneration Department, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, USA; Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA; Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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Lima AC, Puga AM, Mano JF, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Free and copolymerized γ-cyclodextrins regulate the performance of dexamethasone-loaded dextran microspheres for bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4943-4956. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of γ-cyclodextrins (γ-CD), as free entities or structural monomers (acrylamidomethyl-γ-cyclodextrin, γ-CD–NMA), into dextran-methacrylate (dextran-MA) photopolymerized spheres modifies the loading and release of an osteogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Lima
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
| | - A. M. Puga
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J. F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
| | - A. Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C. Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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60
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Yang S, Wang M, Zhang H, Cai KY, Shen XK, Deng F, Zhang Y, Wang L. Influence of dexamethasone-loaded TNTs on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic illustration of cellular responses of rMSCs to Dex-loaded TNT arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
- College of Stomatology
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
- College of Stomatology
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 401147, China
| | - He Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
- College of Stomatology
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Kai-yong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xin-kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Feng Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
- College of Stomatology
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
- College of Stomatology
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences
- College of Stomatology
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 401147, China
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61
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Urbańska J, Karewicz A, Nowakowska M. Polymeric delivery systems for dexamethasone. Life Sci 2013; 96:1-6. [PMID: 24373835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are broadly used in the treatment of inflammation and in suppressing hyperactivity of the immune system expressed in allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases and sepsis. They are pleiotropic in nature, showing a wide range of diverse effects, including those which are harmful for the organism. Dexamethasone (DEX) is one of the most frequently used GCs and is considered as one of the safest. Still serious side-effects have been observed for this drug, mostly due to its hydrophobicity and low bioavailability. The potentially promising polymeric carrier systems to deliver DEX effectively are revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Urbańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3, Poland
| | - Anna Karewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3, Poland.
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3, Poland
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62
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Correia SI, Pereira H, Silva-Correia J, Van Dijk CN, Espregueira-Mendes J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Current concepts: tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in the ankle joint. J R Soc Interface 2013; 11:20130784. [PMID: 24352667 PMCID: PMC3899856 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has caused a revolution in present and future trends of medicine and surgery. In different tissues, advanced TERM approaches bring new therapeutic possibilities in general population as well as in young patients and high-level athletes, improving restoration of biological functions and rehabilitation. The mainstream components required to obtain a functional regeneration of tissues may include biodegradable scaffolds, drugs or growth factors and different cell types (either autologous or heterologous) that can be cultured in bioreactor systems (in vitro) prior to implantation into the patient. Particularly in the ankle, which is subject to many different injuries (e.g. acute, chronic, traumatic and degenerative), there is still no definitive and feasible answer to ‘conventional’ methods. This review aims to provide current concepts of TERM applications to ankle injuries under preclinical and/or clinical research applied to skin, tendon, bone and cartilage problems. A particular attention has been given to biomaterial design and scaffold processing with potential use in osteochondral ankle lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Correia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, S. Cláudio de Barco, Taipas, Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
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63
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Monteiro N, Martins A, Ribeiro D, Faria S, Fonseca NA, Moreira JN, Reis RL, Neves NM. On the use of dexamethasone-loaded liposomes to induce the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:1056-66. [PMID: 24123949 DOI: 10.1002/term.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have received considerable attention by the scientific community because of their potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The most frequently used method to promote their differentiation is supplementation of the in vitro culture medium with growth/differentiation factors (GDFs). The limitations of that strategy caused by the short half-life of GDFs limit its efficacy in vivo and consequently its clinical use. Thus, the development of new concepts that enable the bioactivity and bioavailability of GDFs to be protected, both in vitro and in vivo, is very relevant. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can be injected, protect the GDFs and enable spatiotemporal release kinetics to be controlled. Liposomes are well-established nanodelivery devices presenting significant advantages, viz. a high load-carrying capacity, relative safety and easy production, and a versatile nature in terms of possible formulations and surface functionalization. The main objective of the present study was to optimize the formulation of liposomes to encapsulate dexamethasone (Dex). Our results showed that the optimized Dex-loaded liposomes do not have any cytotoxic effect on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). More importantly, they were able to promote an earlier induction of differentiation of hBMSCs into the osteogenic lineage, as demonstrated by the expression of osteoblastic markers, both phenotypically and genotypically. We concluded that Dex-loaded liposomes represent a viable nanoparticle strategy with enhanced safety and efficacy for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Monteiro
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Ribeiro
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Faria
- Research Centre Officina Mathematical, Department of Mathematics for Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Fonseca
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra (FFUC), 3000, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João N Moreira
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra (FFUC), 3000, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Suh KS, Lee YS, Seo SH, Kim YS, Choi EM. Gold nanoparticles attenuates antimycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:428-36. [PMID: 23645457 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have shown promising biological applications due to their unique properties. Understanding the interaction mechanisms between nanomaterials and biological cells is important for the control and manipulation of these interactions for biomedical applications. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gold nanoparticles on the differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and antimycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The results showed that gold nanoparticles (5, 10, and 20 nm) caused a significant elevation of cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and osteocalcin content in the cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, pretreatment with gold nanoparticles prior to antimycin A exposure significantly reduced antimycin A-induced cell damage by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, complex IV inactivation, ATP loss, cytochrome c release, cardiolipin peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species generation. Taken together, our study indicated that gold nanoparticles may improve the differentiation and have protective effects on mitochondrial dysfunction of osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, South Korea
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65
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Zhang H, Patel A, Gaharwar AK, Mihaila SM, Iviglia G, Mukundan S, Bae H, Yang H, Khademhosseini A. Hyperbranched polyester hydrogels with controlled drug release and cell adhesion properties. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1299-310. [PMID: 23394067 PMCID: PMC3653976 DOI: 10.1021/bm301825q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polyesters (HPE) have a high efficiency to encapsulate bioactive agents, including drugs, genes, and proteins, due to their globe-like nanostructure. However, the use of these highly branched polymeric systems for tissue engineering applications has not been broadly investigated. Here, we report synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinkable HPE hydrogels with sustained drug release characteristics for cellular therapies. These HPE can encapsulate hydrophobic drug molecules within the HPE cavities due to the presence of a hydrophobic inner structure that is otherwise difficult to achieve in conventional hydrogels. The functionalization of HPE with photocrosslinkable acrylate moieties renders the formation of hydrogels with a highly porous interconnected structure and mechanically tough network. The compressive modulus of HPE hydrogels was tunable by changing the crosslinking density. The feasibility of using these HPE networks for cellular therapies was investigated by evaluating cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on hydrogel surface. Highly crosslinked and mechanically stiff HPE hydrogels have higher cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared to soft and complaint HPE hydrogels. Overall, we showed that hydrogels made from HPE could be used for biomedical applications that require spatial control of cell adhesion and controlled release of hydrophobic clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Engindeering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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66
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Choksi A, Sarojini KVL, Vadnal P, Dias C, Suresh PK, Khandare J. Comparative anti-inflammatory activity of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer-dexamethasone conjugates with dexamethasone-liposomes. Int J Pharm 2013; 449:28-36. [PMID: 23583708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilicity vs hydrophicility physicochemical traits are extremely important variables that are active considerations for optimizing drug delivery systems. The comparative anti-inflammatory delivery potential of dexamethasone (dex) in an encapsulation-based (liposome-lipophilic) and poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer prodrug conjugation-based delivery systems (hydrophilic) was performed in this work. Dendrimer prodrug conjugates were characterized by (1)H NMR. The drug encapsulation efficiency for drug in liposomes was observed to be 14.02% and this was correlated with a dose-dependent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibition (39-57% inhibition). The biological evaluation of nanocarriers for drug was demonstrated in a standard, conventionally used in vitro cell-based system for TNF-α inhibition. This served as a comparative tool to demonstrate a quantitatively higher TNF-α inhibition (67-71.48%) produced by the dendrimer-dex drug conjugate. The structure activity relationship (dose-for-dose) was inferred by relatively lesser inhibition of TNF-α by variants of PAMAM G4 (NH2) dendrimer-dex conjugates and was compared with liposomes carrying dex. In vitro results suggest that the prodrug conjugates of PAMAM dendrimer deliver dex to be more efficient in comparison with liposome-based dex in terms of higher TNF-α inhibition. This study has implications in designing efficient prodrug nanocarrier systems for delivering dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpankumar Choksi
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Vellore Dt., 632014, India
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67
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Cerqueira SR, Oliveira JM, Silva NA, Leite-Almeida H, Ribeiro-Samy S, Almeida A, Mano JF, Sousa N, Salgado AJ, Reis RL. Microglia response and in vivo therapeutic potential of methylprednisolone-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles in spinal cord injury. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:738-749. [PMID: 23161735 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The control and manipulation of cells that trigger secondary mechanisms following spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the first opportunities to minimize its highly detrimental outcomes. Herein, the ability of surface-engineered carboxymethylchitosan/polyamidoamine (CMCht/PAMAM) dendrimer nanoparticles to intracellularly deliver methylprednisolone (MP) to glial cells, allowing a controlled and sustained release of this corticosteroid in the injury site, is investigated. The negatively charged MP-loaded CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles with sizes of 109 nm enable a MP sustained release, which is detected for a period of 14 days by HPLC. In vitro studies in glial primary cultures show that incubation with 200 μg mL(-1) nanoparticles do not affect the cells' viability or proliferation, while allowing the entire population to internalize the nanoparticles. At higher concentrations, microglial cell viability is proven to be affected in response to the MP amount released. Following lateral hemisection lesions in rats, nanoparticle uptake by the spinal tissue is observed 3 h after administration. Moreover, significant differences in the locomotor output between the controls and the MP-loaded nanoparticle-treated animals one month after the lesion are observed. Therefore, MP-loaded CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles may prove to be useful in the reduction of the secondary injury following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana R Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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68
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Yan LP, Silva-Correia J, Correia C, Caridade SG, Fernandes EM, Sousa RA, Mano JF, Oliveira JM, Oliveira AL, Reis RL. Bioactive macro/micro porous silk fibroin/nano-sized calcium phosphate scaffolds with potential for bone-tissue-engineering applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:359-78. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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69
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Mironava T, Hadjiargyrou M, Simon M, Rafailovich MH. Gold nanoparticles cellular toxicity and recovery: Adipose Derived Stromal cells. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:189-201. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.769128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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70
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Yang K, Cao W, Hao X, Xue X, Zhao J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Meng J, Sun B, Zhang J, Liang XJ. Metallofullerene nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells through BMP signaling pathway. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1205-1212. [PMID: 23299786 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although endohedral metallofullerenol [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles have anti-tumor efficiency and mostly deposit in the bones of mice, how these nanoparticles act in bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) remains largely unknown. Herein, we observed that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles facilitated the differentiation of MSCs toward osteoblasts, as evidenced by the enhancement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation upon [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticle treatment. Mechanistically, the effect of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles on ALP activity was inhibited by the addition of noggin as an inhibitor of the BMP signaling pathway. Moreover, the in vivo results of the ovariectomized rats further indicated that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles effectively improved bone density and prevented osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Yang
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Division of Nanomedicine and Nanobiology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
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71
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72
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Tautzenberger A, Kovtun A, Ignatius A. Nanoparticles and their potential for application in bone. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4545-57. [PMID: 22923992 PMCID: PMC3423651 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are commonly applied in regenerative therapy and tissue engineering in bone, and have been substantially refined in recent years. Thereby, research approaches focus more and more on nanoparticles, which have great potential for a variety of applications. Generally, nanoparticles interact distinctively with bone cells and tissue, depending on their composition, size, and shape. Therefore, detailed analyses of nanoparticle effects on cellular functions have been performed to select the most suitable candidates for supporting bone regeneration. This review will highlight potential nanoparticle applications in bone, focusing on cell labeling as well as drug and gene delivery. Labeling, eg, of mesenchymal stem cells, which display exceptional regenerative potential, makes monitoring and evaluation of cell therapy approaches possible. By including bioactive molecules in nanoparticles, locally and temporally controlled support of tissue regeneration is feasible, eg, to directly influence osteoblast differentiation or excessive osteoclast behavior. In addition, the delivery of genetic material with nanoparticulate carriers offers the possibility of overcoming certain disadvantages of standard protein delivery approaches, such as aggregation in the bloodstream during systemic therapy. Moreover, nanoparticles are already clinically applied in cancer treatment. Thus, corresponding efforts could lead to new therapeutic strategies to improve bone regeneration or to treat bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tautzenberger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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73
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Santo VE, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. From nano- to macro-scale: nanotechnology approaches for spatially controlled delivery of bioactive factors for bone and cartilage engineering. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1045-66. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has advanced towards the molecular and nanoscale design of bioactive systems for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Spatial cues are displayed in the 3D extracellular matrix and can include signaling gradients, such as those observed during chemotaxis. Architectures range from the nanometer to the centimeter length scales as exemplified by extracellular matrix fibers, cells and macroscopic shapes. The main focus of this review is the application of a biomimetic approach by the combination of architectural cues, obtained through the application of micro- and nanofabrication techniques, with the ability to sequester and release growth factors and other bioactive agents in a spatiotemporal controlled manner for bone and cartilage engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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74
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Moeinzadeh S, Barati D, He X, Jabbari E. Gelation characteristics and osteogenic differentiation of stromal cells in inert hydrolytically degradable micellar polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2073-86. [PMID: 22642902 DOI: 10.1021/bm300453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels in tissue engineering is limited by their persistence in the site of regeneration. In an attempt to produce inert hydrolytically degradable PEG-based hydrogels, star (SPELA) poly(ethylene glycol-co-lactide) acrylate macromonomers with short lactide segments (<15 lactides per macromonomer) were synthesized. The SPELA hydrogel was characterized with respect to gelation time, modulus, water content, sol fraction, degradation, and osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated marrow stromal cells (MSCs). The properties of SPELA hydrogel were compared with those of the linear poly(ethylene glycol-co-lactide) acrylate (LPELA). The SPELA hydrogel had higher modulus, lower water content, and lower sol fraction than the LPELA. The shear modulus of SPELA hydrogel was 2.2 times higher than LPELA, whereas the sol fraction of SPELA hydrogel was 5 times lower than LPELA. The degradation of SPELA hydrogel depended strongly on the number of lactide monomers per macromonomer (nL) and showed a biphasic behavior. For example, as nL increased from 0 to 3.4, 6.4, 11.6, and 14.8, mass loss increased from 7 to 37, 80, 100% and then deceased to 87%, respectively, after 6 weeks of incubation. The addition of 3.4 lactides per macromonomer (<10 wt % dry macromonomer or <2 wt % swollen hydrogel) increased mass loss to 50% after 6 weeks. Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated that the biphasic degradation behavior was related to aggregation and micelle formation of lactide monomers in the macromonomer in aqueous solution. MSCs encapsulated in SPELA hydrogel expressed osteogenic markers Dlx5, Runx2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin and formed a mineralized matrix. The expression of osteogenic markers and extent of mineralization was significantly higher when MSCs were encapsulated in SPELA hydrogel with the addition of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Results demonstrate that hydrolytically degradable PEG-based hydrogels are potentially useful as a delivery matrix for stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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75
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Chen Y, Sonnaert M, Roberts SJ, Luyten FP, Schrooten J. Validation of a PicoGreen-based DNA quantification integrated in an RNA extraction method for two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell cultures. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:444-52. [PMID: 22195986 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA measurement and RNA extraction are two frequently used methods for cell characterization. In the conventional protocols, they require similar, but separate samples and in most cases, different pretreatments. The few combined protocols that exist still include time-consuming steps. Hence, to establish an efficient combined RNA extraction and DNA measurement protocol for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, a PicoGreen-based DNA measurement was integrated in an existing RNA extraction protocol. It was validated by analysis of the influence of different lysis buffers, RLT, RA1, or Trizol, used for RNA extraction on the measured DNA concentration. The DNA cell yield was evaluated both in cell suspensions (2D) and on 3D cell-seeded scaffolds. Results showed that the different RNA lysis buffers caused a concentration-dependent perturbation of the PicoGreen signal. The measured DNA concentrations in 2D and 3D using RLT and RA1 buffer were comparable, also to the positive control. We, therefore, concluded that RNA extraction protocols using RA1 or RLT buffer allow the integration of a DNA quantification step without the buffer influencing the results. Hence, the combined DNA measurement and RNA extraction offer an alternative for DNA measurement techniques that is time and sample saving, for both 2D cell cultures and specific 3D constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantian Chen
- Laboratory for Skeletal Development and Joint Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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76
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Paulo CSO, Pires das Neves R, Ferreira LS. Nanoparticles for intracellular-targeted drug delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:494002. [PMID: 22101232 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/49/494002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are very promising for the intracellular delivery of anticancer and immunomodulatory drugs, stem cell differentiation biomolecules and cell activity modulators. Although initial studies in the area of intracellular drug delivery have been performed in the delivery of DNA, there is an increasing interest in the use of other molecules to modulate cell activity. Herein, we review the latest advances in the intracellular-targeted delivery of short interference RNA, proteins and small molecules using NPs. In most cases, the drugs act at different cellular organelles and therefore the drug-containing NPs should be directed to precise locations within the cell. This will lead to the desired magnitude and duration of the drug effects. The spatial control in the intracellular delivery might open new avenues to modulate cell activity while avoiding side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana S O Paulo
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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77
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Oliveira JM, Sousa RA, Malafaya PB, Silva SS, Kotobuki N, Hirose M, Ohgushi H, Mano JF, Reis RL. In vivo study of dendronlike nanoparticles for stem cells “tune-up”: from nano to tissues. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:914-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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78
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Guo W, Gong K, Shi H, Zhu G, He Y, Ding B, Wen L, Jin Y. Dental follicle cells and treated dentin matrix scaffold for tissue engineering the tooth root. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1291-302. [PMID: 22088889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies to reconstruct tooth roots are an effective therapy for the treatment of tooth loss. However, strategies to successfully regenerate tooth roots have not been developed and optimized. In the present study, rat dental follicle stem cells (DFCs) were characterized, followed by a thorough investigation of tooth roots regeneration for a combination of DFCs seeding cells, treated dentin matrix (TDM) scaffolds, and an inductive alveolar fossa microenvironment. Eighteen clones derived from single DFCs were harvested; however, only three clones were amplified successfully more than five passages and 90-95 days in culture. Following 270 days or 30 passages, the heterogeneous DFCs showed suitable characteristics for seeding cells to regenerate tooth roots. However, various features, such as variable proliferation rates, differentiation characteristics, apoptosis rates, and total lifespan were observed in DFCs and the three clones. Importantly, upon transplantation of DFCs combined with TDM for four weeks, root-like tissues stained positive for markers of dental pulp and periodontal tissues were regenerated in the alveolar fossa, but not in the skull and omental pockets. These results indicate that tooth roots were successfully regenerated and suggest that the combination of DFCs with TDM in the alveolar fossa is a feasible strategy for tooth roots regeneration. This strategy could be a promising approach for the treatment of clinical tooth loss and provides a perspective with potential applications to regeneration of other tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Guo
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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79
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Naderi H, Matin MM, Bahrami AR. Review paper: Critical Issues in Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials, Cell Sources, Angiogenesis, and Drug Delivery Systems. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:383-417. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211408946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a newly emerging biomedical technology, which aids and increases the repair and regeneration of deficient and injured tissues. It employs the principles from the fields of materials science, cell biology, transplantation, and engineering in an effort to treat or replace damaged tissues. Tissue engineering and development of complex tissues or organs, such as heart, muscle, kidney, liver, and lung, are still a distant milestone in twenty-first century. Generally, there are four main challenges in tissue engineering which need optimization. These include biomaterials, cell sources, vascularization of engineered tissues, and design of drug delivery systems. Biomaterials and cell sources should be specific for the engineering of each tissue or organ. On the other hand, angiogenesis is required not only for the treatment of a variety of ischemic conditions, but it is also a critical component of virtually all tissue-engineering strategies. Therefore, controlling the dose, location, and duration of releasing angiogenic factors via polymeric delivery systems, in order to ultimately better mimic the stem cell niche through scaffolds, will dictate the utility of a variety of biomaterials in tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the use of polymeric vehicles that are made of synthetic and/or natural biomaterials as scaffolds for three-dimensional cell cultures and for locally delivering the inductive growth factors in various formats to provide a method of controlled, localized delivery for the desired time frame and for vascularized tissue-engineering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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80
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Cheng Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Xu T. Design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy: current status and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2673-703. [PMID: 21286593 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, nanomedicine with its promise of improved therapy and diagnostics has revolutionized conventional health care and medical technology. Dendrimers and dendrimer-based therapeutics are outstanding candidates in this exciting field as more and more biological systems have benefited from these starburst molecules. Anticancer agents can be either encapsulated in or conjugated to dendrimer and be delivered to the tumour via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the nanoparticle and/or with the help of a targeting moiety such as antibody, peptides, vitamins, and hormones. Imaging agents including MRI contrast agents, radionuclide probes, computed tomography contrast agents, and fluorescent dyes are combined with the multifunctional nanomedicine for targeted therapy with simultaneous cancer diagnosis. However, an important question reported with dendrimer-based therapeutics as well as other nanomedicines to date is the long-term viability and biocompatibility of the nanotherapeutics. This critical review focuses on the design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The biocompatibility aspects of dendrimers such as nanotoxicity, long-term circulation, and degradation are discussed. The construction of novel dendrimers with biocompatible components, and the surface modification of commercially available dendrimers by PEGylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and amino acid functionalization have been proposed as available strategies to solve the safety problem of dendrimer-based nanotherapeutics. Also, exciting opportunities and challenges on the development of dendrimer-based nanoplatforms for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy are reviewed (404 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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81
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Abstract
The application of nanotechnology has opened a new realm of advancement in the field of regenerative medicine and has provided hope for the culmination of long-felt needs by the development of an ideal means to control the biochemical and mechanical microenvironment for successful cell delivery and tissue regeneration. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been widely used in the advancement of this field, be it by improvement in scaffolds for cell growth, development of new and efficient delivery devices, cellular modification and tracking applications or by development of nanodevices such as biosensors. The current review elaborates the various nanomaterials used in regenerative medicine with a special focus on the development of this field during the last 5 years and the recent advances in their aforementioned applications. Furthermore, the key issues and challenges in using nanotechnology-based approaches are highlighted with an outlook on the likely future of nano-assisted regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS Nagar (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS Nagar (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
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82
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Tsiourvas D, Tsetsekou A, Arkas M, Diplas S, Mastrogianni E. Covalent attachment of a bioactive hyperbranched polymeric layer to titanium surface for the biomimetic growth of calcium phosphates. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:85-96. [PMID: 21069559 PMCID: PMC3019359 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work is investigating the chemical grafting on Ti surface of a polymer/calcium phosphate coating of improved adhesion for enhanced bioactivity. For this purpose, a whole new methodology was developed based on covalently attaching a hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) layer on Ti surface able to promote calcium phosphate formation in a next deposition stage. This was achieved through an intermediate surface silanization step. The research included optimization both of the reaction conditions for covalently grafting the intermediate organosilicon and the subsequent hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) layers, as well as of the conditions for the mechanical and chemical pretreatment of Ti surface before coating. The reaction steps were monitored employing FTIR and XPS analyses, whereas the surface morphology and structure of the successive coating layers were studied by SEM combined with EDS. The analysis confirmed the successful grafting of the hybrid layer which demonstrated very good ability for hydroxyapatite growth in simulated body fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Tsiourvas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - A. Tsetsekou
- School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - M. Arkas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - S. Diplas
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Forskningsvn 1, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Mastrogianni
- School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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83
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Li XD, Liu ZY, Chang B, Liu DX, Chen B, Guo C, Wang YG, Xu JK, Huang DY, Du SX. Panax notoginseng saponins promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells through the ERK and P38 MAPK signaling pathways. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:367-76. [PMID: 21865745 DOI: 10.1159/000331753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese medicinal herb, Panax notoginseng, has long been used to treat bone fractures and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could promote bone formation. Here, we investigated whether PNS could promote osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) through modulating the MAPK signaling pathways, which are implicated in BMSC osteogenesis. We found that PNS markedly increased the mineralization of BMSCs by alizarin red S assays and stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity of these cells. Additionally, PNS significantly increased the mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase, core-binding factor a1, and bone sialoprotein while decreasing PPARγ2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, inhibitors of ERK, PD98059, and p38, SB203580 inhibited the osteogenesis-potentiating effects by PNS. PNS stimulated the activation of ERK and p38 as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of these proteins, which was inhibited by PD98059 and SB203580. Our findings indicate that PNS could promote BMSC osteogenesis by activating the ERK and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, R.P. China
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84
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Liu D, He X, Wang K, He C, Shi H, Jian L. Biocompatible silica nanoparticles-insulin conjugates for mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic differentiation. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1673-84. [PMID: 20735012 DOI: 10.1021/bc100177v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in developing bioconjugated carriers for the cellular delivery of bioactive molecules to stem cells, since they can allow modulation of stem cell differentiation. The present study reported biocompatible silica nanoparticle-insulin conjugates for rat mesenchymal stem cell (RMSC) adipogenic differentiation in vitro. A systematic study was first carried out on the biocompatibility of the SiNPs with RMSCs. The cell viability assay was performed to screen the SiNP concentration for creating little cytotoxicity on RMSCs. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and adipogenesis and osteogenesis assays revealed that the pure SiNPs had no effect on cellular ultrastructures, adipogenic differentiation, and osteogenic differentiation. Under the optimized SiNP concentration with little cytotoxicity on RMSC and no effects on the RMSC phenotype, SiNP-insulin conjugates were prepared and used for RMSC adipogenic differentiation. Results showed that RMSCs had the ability to differentiate into adipocytes when cultured in the presence of insulin-conjugated SiNPs. This work demonstrated that the biological activity of insulin conjugated to the SiNPs was not affected and the SiNPs could be used as biocompatibile carriers of insulin for RMSC adipogenic differentiation, which would help to expand the new potential application of SiNPs in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 1 Lushan South Road, Changsha, China
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85
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Yi C, Liu D, Fong CC, Zhang J, Yang M. Gold nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through p38 MAPK pathway. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6439-48. [PMID: 21028783 DOI: 10.1021/nn101373r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction mechanisms between nanomaterials and biological cells is important for the control and manipulation of these interactions for biomedical applications. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the associated molecular mechanisms. The results showed that AuNPs promoted the differentiation of MSCs toward osteoblast cells over adipocyte cells by inducing an enhanced osteogenic transcriptional profile and an attenuated adipogenic transcriptional profile. AuNPs exerted the effects by interacting with the cell membrane and binding with proteins in the cytoplasm, causing mechanical stress on the MSCs to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) signaling pathway, which regulates the expression of relevant genes to induce osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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86
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da Silva MA, Martins A, Teixeira AA, Reis RL, Neves NM. Impact of biological agents and tissue engineering approaches on the treatment of rheumatic diseases. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:331-9. [PMID: 20025434 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of rheumatic diseases has been the focus of many clinical studies aiming to achieve the best combination of drugs for symptom reduction. Although improved understanding of the pathophysiology of rheumatic diseases has led to the identification of effective therapeutic strategies, its cure remains unknown. Biological agents are a breakthrough in the treatment of these diseases. They proved to be more effective than the other conventional therapies in refractory inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Among them, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are widely used, namely Etanercept, Infliximab, or Adalimumab, alone or in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Nevertheless, severe adverse effects have been detected in patients with history of recurrent infections, including cardiac failure or malignancy. Currently, most of the available therapies for rheumatic diseases do not have sufficient tissue specificity. Consequently, high drug doses must be administrated systemically, leading to adverse side effects associated with its possible toxicity. Drug delivery systems, by its targeted nature, are excellent solutions to overcome this problem. In this review, we will describe the state-of-the-art in clinical studies on the treatment of rheumatic diseases, emphasizing the use of biological agents and target drug delivery systems. Some alternative novel strategies of regenerative medicine and its implications for rheumatic diseases will also be discussed.
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87
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Lin L, Dai SD, Fan GY. Glucocorticoid-induced differentiation of primary cultured bone marrow mesenchymal cells into adipocytes is antagonized by exogenous Runx2. APMIS 2010; 118:595-605. [PMID: 20666741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term clinical use of glucocorticoids often causes the serious side effect of non-traumatic avascular osteonecrosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects and mechanisms of a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex), on differentiation of primary cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMCs). We also tried to block the inhibitory effects of Dex on osteoblast differentiation. Adipocyte markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma-2 and aP2) were increased in response to Dex treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while osteoblastic markers [Runx2, COL 1, osterix, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and OC] were down-regulated, consistent with ALP and osteocalcin promoter activity. To validate the effects of Runx2 on the expression of osteogenesis and adipocyte genes, pCMV/Flag-Runx2 was transfected into BMCs, and relevant markers were detected after 10(-7) M Dex treatment for 48 h. The results indicated that Dex treatment induced adipogenic differentiation and suppressed proliferation. No significant difference was detected in expressions of these genes between Runx2-transfected cells and Dex-treated BMCs. These data suggest that Dex primarily induced adipocyte differentiation of BMCs. Exogenous Runx2 can antagonize the effect of Dex on osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Lin
- Departments of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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88
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Osteogenic induction of hBMSCs by electrospun scaffolds with dexamethasone release functionality. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5875-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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89
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Oliveira JM, Kotobuki N, Tadokoro M, Hirose M, Mano JF, Reis RL, Ohgushi H. Ex vivo culturing of stromal cells with dexamethasone-loaded carboxymethylchitosan/poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanoparticles promotes ectopic bone formation. Bone 2010; 46:1424-35. [PMID: 20152952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, our group has proposed a combinatorial strategy in tissue engineering principles employing carboxymethylchitosan/poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanoparticles (CMCht/PAMAM) towards the intracellular release and regimented supply of dexamethasone (Dex) aimed at controlling stem cell osteogenic differentiation in the absence of typical osteogenic inducers, in vivo. In this work, we have investigated if the Dex-loaded CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles could play a crucial role in the regulation of osteogenesis, in vivo. Macroporous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were seeded with rat bone marrow stromal cells (RBMSCs), whose cells were expanded in MEM medium supplemented with 0.01 mg ml(-1) Dex-loaded CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles and implanted subcutaneously on the back of rats for 2 and 4 weeks. HA porous ceramics without RBMSCs and RBMSCs/HA scaffold constructs seeded with cells expanded in the presence and absence of 10(-8) M Dex were used as controls. The effect of initial cell number seeded in the HA scaffolds on the bone-forming ability of the constructs was also investigated. Qualitative and quantitative new bone formation was evaluated in a non-destructive manner using micro-computed tomography analyses of the explants. Haematoxylin and Eosin stained implant sections were also used for the histomorphometrical analysis. Toluidine blue staining was carried out to investigate the synthesis of proteoglycan extracellular matrix. In addition, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels in the explants were also quantified, since these markers denote osteogenic differentiation. At 4 weeks post-implantation results have shown that the novel Dex-loaded carboxymethylchitosan/poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanoparticles may be beneficial as an intracellular nanocarrier, supplying Dex in a regimented manner and promoting superior ectopic de novo bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Univ. Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, S. Cláudio de Barco, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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90
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El-Sadik AO, El-Ansary A, Sabry SM. Nanoparticle-labeled stem cells: a novel therapeutic vehicle. Clin Pharmacol 2010; 2:9-16. [PMID: 22291483 PMCID: PMC3262361 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s8931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been described as a general purpose technology. It has already generated a range of inventions and innovations. Development of nanotechnology will provide clinical medicine with a range of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities such as medical imaging, medical diagnosis, drug delivery, and cancer detection and management. Nanoparticles such as manganese, polystyrene, silica, titanium oxide, gold, silver, carbon, quantum dots, and iron oxide have received enormous attention in the creation of new types of analytical tools for biotechnology and life sciences. Labeling of stem cells with nanoparticles overcame the problems in homing and fixing stem cells to their desired site and guiding extension of stem cells to specific directions. Although the biologic effects of some nanoparticles have already been assessed, information on toxicity and possible mechanisms of various particle types remains inadequate. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the mechanisms of internalization and distribution of nanoparticles inside stem cells, as well as the influence of different types of nanoparticles on stem cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and cytotoxicity, and to assess the role of nanoparticles in tracking the fate of stem cells used in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir O El-Sadik
- Stem Cell Unit, Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Health Science Colleges, Cairo, Egypt.
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91
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Antunes JC, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Soria JM, Gómez-Ribelles JL, Mano JF. Novel poly(L-lactic acid)/hyaluronic acid macroporous hybrid scaffolds: Characterization and assessment of cytotoxicity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:856-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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92
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Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Stem Cell Differentiation. STUDIES IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND BIOMATERIALS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2010_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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93
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Shi X, Wang Y, Varshney RR, Ren L, Gong Y, Wang DA. Microsphere-based drug releasing scaffolds for inducing osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 39:59-67. [PMID: 19895885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, in vitro osteogenesis was successfully achieved in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by controlled release of the osteogenesis-inducing drugs dexamethasone, ascorbic acid (AA) and beta-glycerophosphate (GP) from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sintered microsphere scaffolds (SMS). We investigated the osteogenesis of human MSCs (hMSCs) on dexamethasone laden PLGA-SMS (PLGA-Dex-SMS), and dexamethasone, AA and GP laden PLGA-SMS (PLGA-Com-SMS). hMSCs cultured on the microsphere systems, which act as drug release vehicles and also promote cell growth/tissue formation-displayed a strong osteogenic commitment locally. The osteogenic commitment of hMSCs on the scaffolds were verified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, calcium secretion assay, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results indicated hMSCs cultured on PLGA-Com-SMS exhibited superior osteogenic differentiation owing to significantly high phenotypic expression of typical osteogenic genes-osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Runx-2/Cbfa-1, and protein secretion of bone-relevant markers such as osteoclast and type I collagen when compared with PLGA-Dex-SMS. In conclusion, by promoting osteogenic development of hMSCs in vitro, this newly designed controlled release system opens a new door to bone reparation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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