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Protocol for the Characterization of the Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine Tract and Flanking Polymorphisms in Machado-Joseph Disease: Impact on Diagnosis and Development of Gene-Based Therapies. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:782-793. [PMID: 32205289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) constitute a group of autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders with considerable phenotypic overlap. Definitive diagnoses rely on the detection of a mutation in each associated locus, comprising the abnormal expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) in coding exons. Assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the CAG expansion in the context of SCAs is also relevant for improving molecular diagnosis and for generating novel therapeutic strategies. The current study is focused on Machado-Joseph disease/SCA type 3, with the aim of developing a protocol for the accurate determination of the CAG length in exon 10 of the human ATXN3 gene and to characterize flanking polymorphisms. A single pair of primers was designed and validated, and two complementary PCR-based methods were established. In method I, PCR amplicons were cloned and sequenced, allowing the assessment of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vicinity of the CAG repeat (C987GG/G987GG, TAA1118/TAC1118, and C1178/A1178), which can constitute potential targets for personalized gene-based therapies. Method II combines PCR, capillary electrophoresis, and a size correction formula, enabling a time and cost-effective determination of the number of CAGs. The established protocol paves the way to overcome technical difficulties related to the molecular characterization of the CAG motif and intragenic polymorphisms in the context of Machado-Joseph disease/SCA type 3 and may prove useful when applied to other polyglutamine SCAs.
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52
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Dantuma NP, Herzog LK. Machado-Joseph Disease: A Stress Combating Deubiquitylating Enzyme Changing Sides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:237-260. [PMID: 32274760 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an autosomal dominant inheritable neurodegenerative disorder. After a long pre-symptomatic period, this late-onset disease progressively disables patients and typically leads to premature death. Neuronal loss in specific regions of the cerebellum, brainstem and basal ganglia as well as the spinal cord explains the spectra of debilitating neurological symptoms, most strikingly progressive limb, and gait ataxia. The genetic cause of MJD is a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion in the gene that encodes ataxin-3. This polyQ-containing protein displays a well-defined catalytic activity as ataxin-3 is a deubiquitylating enzyme that removes and disassembles ubiquitin chains from specific substrates. While mutant ataxin-3 with an expanded polyQ repeat induces cellular stress due to its propensity to aggregate, the native functions of wild-type ataxin-3 are linked to the cellular countermeasures against the very same stress conditions inflicted by polyQ-containing and other aggregation-prone proteins. Hence, a mixture of gain-of-function and loss-of-function mechanisms are likely to contribute to the neuronal demise observed in MJD. In this review, we discuss the intimate link between ataxin-3 and cellular stress and its relevance for therapeutic intervention in MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico P Dantuma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Laura K Herzog
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Parashar D, Rajendran V, Shukla R, Sistla R. Lipid-based nanocarriers for delivery of small interfering RNA for therapeutic use. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yonezawa S, Koide H, Asai T. Recent advances in siRNA delivery mediated by lipid-based nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:64-78. [PMID: 32768564 PMCID: PMC7406478 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been expected to be a unique pharmaceutic for the treatment of broad-spectrum intractable diseases. However, its unfavorable properties such as easy degradation in the blood and negative-charge density are still a formidable barrier for clinical use. For disruption of this barrier, siRNA delivery technology has been significantly advanced in the past two decades. The approval of Patisiran (ONPATTRO™) for the treatment of transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, the first approved siRNA drug, is a most important milestone. Since lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) are used in Patisiran, LNP-based siRNA delivery is now of significant interest for the development of the next siRNA formulation. In this review, we describe the design of LNPs for the improvement of siRNA properties, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Recently, a number of siRNA-encapsulated LNPs were reported for the treatment of intractable diseases such as cancer, viral infection, inflammatory neurological disorder, and genetic diseases. We believe that these contributions address and will promote the development of an effective LNP-based siRNA delivery system and siRNA formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Zhao W, Hou X, Vick OG, Dong Y. RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119291. [PMID: 31255978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and rare diseases (GARDs) affect more than 350 million patients worldwide and remain a significant challenge in the clinic. Hence, continuous efforts have been made to bridge the significant gap between the supply and demand of effective treatments for GARDs. Recent decades have witnessed the impressive progress in the fight against GARDs, with an improved understanding of the genetic origins of rare diseases and the rapid development in gene therapy providing a new avenue for GARD therapy. RNA-based therapeutics, such as RNA interference (RNAi), messenger RNA (mRNA) and RNA-involved genome editing technologies, demonstrate great potential as a therapy tool for treating genetic associated rare diseases. In the meantime, a variety of RNA delivery vehicles were established for boosting the widespread applications of RNA therapeutics. Among all the RNA delivery platforms which enable the systemic applications of RNAs, non-viral RNA delivery biomaterials display superior properties and a few biomaterials have been successfully exploited for achieving the RNA-based gene therapies on GARDs. In this review article, we focus on recent advances in the development of novel biomaterials for delivery of RNA-based therapeutics and highlight their applications to treat GARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Olivia G Vick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
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56
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Nóbrega C, Codêsso JM, Mendonça L, Pereira de Almeida L. RNA Interference Therapy for Machado-Joseph Disease: Long-Term Safety Profile of Lentiviral Vectors Encoding Short Hairpin RNAs Targeting Mutant Ataxin-3. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:841-854. [PMID: 30760052 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal repetition of a CAG codon in the MJD1 gene. This expansion translates into a long polyglutamine tract, leading to the misfolding of the mutant protein ataxin-3, which abnormally accumulates in the nucleus, thus leading to neurodegeneration in specific brain regions. No treatment able to modify the progression of the disease is available. However, it has previously been shown that specific silencing of mutant ataxin-3 by RNA interference with viral vectors is a promising therapeutic strategy for MJD. Nevertheless, reports of cytotoxic effects of this technology led to the safety profile of the previously tested lentiviral vectors encoding short hairpin (sh)RNAs (LV-shmutatx3) targeting mutant ataxin-3 upon brain injection being investigated. For this purpose, the vectors were injected in the mouse striata, and neuronal dysfunction, degeneration, gliosis, off-target effects, and saturation of the RNA interference machinery were evaluated. It was found that: (1) LV-shmutatx3 mediated stable and long-term expression of the shRNA in neurons of the mouse striatum; (2) neuronal dysfunction evaluated by darpp-32, NeuN, and cresyl violet staining, initially more pronounced, became indistinguishable from the phosphate-buffered saline group at 8 weeks and resolved within 20 weeks; (3) astrocytic activation was present, which resolved within 8 weeks; (4) microglial activity and proinflammatory cytokines release were present, which resolved and normalized within 20 weeks; and (5) there were no off-target effects or saturation of the endogenous RNA interference processing machinery in the mouse striatum. The data show that injection of lentiviral vectors encoding a shRNA targeting mutant ataxin-3 in the mouse brain induce transient dysfunctions, which resolve within 20 weeks. Importantly, long-term expression (up to 20 weeks post injection) of this shRNA (driven by H1 promoter) led to no toxic effect in vivo. This study thus constitutes an additional step in a future translation of gene silencing as a therapy for MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clévio Nóbrega
- 1Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- 3Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Codêsso
- 1Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- 1Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- 1Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- 4Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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57
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Positron emission tomography reporter gene strategy for use in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11402-11407. [PMID: 31123153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901645116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for monitoring or imaging gene therapy in the central nervous system (CNS). This can be achieved with a positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene strategy. Here we report the development of a PET reporter gene system using the PKM2 gene with its associated radiotracer [18F]DASA-23. The PKM2 reporter gene was delivered to the brains of mice by adeno-associated virus (AAV9) via stereotactic injection. Serial PET imaging was carried out over 8 wk to assess PKM2 expression. After 8 wk, the brains were excised for further mRNA and protein analysis. PET imaging at 8 wk post-AAV delivery showed an increase in [18F]DASA-23 brain uptake in the transduced site of mice injected with the AAV mice over all controls. We believe PKM2 shows great promise as a PET reporter gene and to date is the only example that can be used in all areas of the CNS without breaking the blood-brain barrier, to monitor gene and cell therapy.
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58
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Stanimirovic DB, Sandhu JK, Costain WJ. Emerging Technologies for Delivery of Biotherapeutics and Gene Therapy Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. BioDrugs 2019; 32:547-559. [PMID: 30306341 PMCID: PMC6290705 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody, immuno- and gene therapies developed for neurological indications face a delivery challenge posed by various anatomical and physiological barriers within the central nervous system (CNS); most notably, the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Emerging delivery technologies for biotherapeutics have focused on trans-cellular pathways across the BBB utilizing receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). ‘Traditionally’ targeted RMT receptors, transferrin receptor (TfR) and insulin receptor (IR), are ubiquitously expressed and pose numerous translational challenges during development, including species differences and safety risks. Recent advances in antibody engineering technologies and discoveries of RMT targets and BBB-crossing antibodies that are more BBB-selective have combined to create a new preclinical pipeline of BBB-crossing biotherapeutics with improved efficacy and safety. Novel BBB-selective RMT targets and carrier antibodies have exposed additional opportunities for re-targeting gene delivery vectors or nanocarriers for more efficient brain delivery. Emergence and refinement of core technologies of genetic engineering and editing as well as biomanufacturing of viral vectors and cell-derived products have de-risked the path to the development of systemic gene therapy approaches for the CNS. In particular, brain-tropic viral vectors and extracellular vesicles have recently expanded the repertoire of brain delivery strategies for biotherapeutics. Whereas protein biotherapeutics and bispecific antibodies enabled for BBB transcytosis are rapidly heading towards clinical trials, systemic gene therapy approaches for CNS will likely remain in research phase for the foreseeable future. The promise and limitations of these emerging cross-BBB delivery technologies are further discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Jagdeep K Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Will J Costain
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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59
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Gómez-Ruiz M, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Luna-Piñel E, Hernández-Gálvez M, Fernández-Ruiz J. Endocannabinoid System in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type-3 and Other Autosomal-Dominant Cerebellar Ataxias: Potential Role in Pathogenesis and Expected Relevance as Neuroprotective Targets. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:94. [PMID: 31068788 PMCID: PMC6491810 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of hereditary and progressive neurological disorders characterized by a loss of balance and motor coordination typically associated with cerebellar atrophy. The most prevalent SCA types are all polyQ disorders like Huntington’s disease, sharing the most relevant events in pathogenesis with this basal ganglia disorder, but with most of the damage concentrated in cerebellar neurons, and in their afferent and efferent connections (e.g., brainstem nuclei). SCAs have no cure and effective symptom-alleviating and disease-modifying therapies are not currently available. However, based on results obtained in studies conducted in murine models and information derived from analyses in post-mortem tissue samples from patients, which show notably higher levels of CB1 receptors found in different cerebellar neuronal subpopulations, the blockade of these receptors has been proposed for acutely modulating motor incoordination in cerebellar ataxias, whereas their chronic activation has been proposed for preserving specific neuronal losses. Additional studies in post-mortem tissues from SCA patients have also demonstrated elevated levels of CB2 receptors in Purkinje neurons as well as in glial elements in the granular layer and in the cerebellar white matter, with a similar profile found for endocannabinoid hydrolyzing enzymes, then suggesting that activating CB2 receptors and/or inhibiting these enzymes may also serve to develop cannabinoid-based neuroprotective therapies. The present review will address both aspects. On one hand, the endocannabinoid system becomes dysregulated in the cerebellum and also in other CNS structures (e.g., brainstem, basal ganglia) in SCAs, which may contribute to the progression of pathogenic events in these diseases. On the other hand, these endocannabinoid alterations may be pharmacologically corrected or enhanced, and this may have therapeutic consequences, either alleviating specific symptoms or eliciting neuroprotective effects, an objective presently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Luna-Piñel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariluz Hernández-Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
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60
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Buijsen RAM, Toonen LJA, Gardiner SL, van Roon-Mom WMC. Genetics, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Progress in Polyglutamine Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:263-286. [PMID: 30607747 PMCID: PMC6554265 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by degeneration of the cerebellum and its connections. All ADCAs have progressive ataxia as their main clinical feature, frequently accompanied by dysarthria and oculomotor deficits. The most common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are 6 polyglutamine (polyQ) SCAs. These diseases are all caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the coding region of a gene. Currently, no curative treatment is available for any of the polyQ SCAs, but increasing knowledge on the genetics and the pathological mechanisms of these polyQ SCAs has provided promising therapeutic targets to potentially slow disease progression. Potential treatments can be divided into pharmacological and gene therapies that target the toxic downstream effects, gene therapies that target the polyQ SCA genes, and stem cell replacement therapies. Here, we will provide a review on the genetics, mechanisms, and therapeutic progress in polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A M Buijsen
- Department of Human Genetics, LUMC, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Lodewijk J A Toonen
- Department of Human Genetics, LUMC, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah L Gardiner
- Department of Human Genetics, LUMC, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, LUMC, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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61
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Mizrahy S, Gutkin A, Decuzzi P, Peer D. Targeting central nervous system pathologies with nanomedicines. J Drug Target 2018; 27:542-554. [PMID: 30296187 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1533556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in drug development is the delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which modulates the passage of molecules from the CNS, presents a formidable obstacle that limits brain uptake of therapeutics and, therefore, impedes the treatment of multiple neurological pathologies. Targeted nanocarriers present an excellent opportunity for drug delivery into the brain leveraging on endogenous receptors to transport therapeutics across the BBB endothelium. Receptor-mediated transport endows multiple benefits over other conventional delivery methods such as the transient permeabilization of the BBB or the direct depositioning of intracranial depots. Herein, different strategies for nanocarrier targeting to the CNS are discussed, highlighting the challenges and recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshy Mizrahy
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,e Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Anna Gutkin
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- e Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Dan Peer
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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62
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Matos CA, de Almeida LP, Nóbrega C. Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: lessons from disease pathogenesis and clues into therapy. J Neurochem 2018; 148:8-28. [PMID: 29959858 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an incurable disorder, widely regarded as the most common form of spinocerebellar ataxia in the world. MJD/SCA3 arises from mutation of the ATXN3 gene, but this simple monogenic cause contrasts with the complexity of the pathogenic mechanisms that are currently admitted to underlie neuronal dysfunction and death. The aberrantly expanded protein product - ataxin-3 - is known to aggregate and generate toxic species that disrupt several cell systems, including autophagy, proteostasis, transcription, mitochondrial function and signalling. Over the years, research into putative therapeutic approaches has often been devoted to the development of strategies that counteract disease at different stages of cellular pathogenesis. Silencing the pathogenic protein, blocking aggregation, inhibiting toxic proteolytic processing and counteracting dysfunctions of the cellular systems affected have yielded promising ameliorating results in studies with cellular and animal models. The current review analyses the available studies dedicated to the investigation of MJD/SCA3 pathogenesis and the exploration of possible therapeutic strategies, focusing primarily on gene therapy and pharmacological approaches rooted on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Matos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Coimbra, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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63
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Abstract
Polyglutamine diseases are hereditary degenerative disorders of the nervous system that have remained, to this date, untreatable. Promisingly, investigation into their molecular etiology and the development of increasingly perfected tools have contributed to the design of novel strategies with therapeutic potential. Encouraging studies have explored gene therapy as a means to counteract cell demise and loss in this context. The current chapter addresses the two main focuses of research in the area: the characteristics of the systems used to deliver nucleic acids to cells and the molecular and cellular actions of the therapeutic agents. Vectors used in gene therapy have to satisfyingly reach the tissues and cell types of interest, while eliciting the lowest toxicity possible. Both viral and non-viral systems have been developed for the delivery of nucleic acids to the central nervous system, each with its respective advantages and shortcomings. Since each polyglutamine disease is caused by mutation of a single gene, many gene therapy strategies have tried to halt degeneration by silencing the corresponding protein products, usually recurring to RNA interference. The potential of small interfering RNAs, short hairpin RNAs and microRNAs has been investigated. Overexpression of protective genes has also been evaluated as a means of decreasing mutant protein toxicity and operate beneficial alterations. Recent gene editing tools promise yet other ways of interfering with the disease-causing genes, at the most upstream points possible. Results obtained in both cell and animal models encourage further delving into this type of therapeutic strategies and support the future use of gene therapy in the treatment of polyglutamine diseases.
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66
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Fu C, Xiang Y, Li X, Fu A. Targeted transport of nanocarriers into brain for theranosis with rabies virus glycoprotein-derived peptide. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 87:155-166. [PMID: 29549945 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For successful theranosis of brain diseases, limited access of therapeutic molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB) needs be overcome in brain delivery. Currently, peptide derivatives of rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) have been exploited as delivery ligands to transport nanocarriers across BBB and specifically into the brain. The targeting peptides usually conjugate to the nanocarrier surface, and the cargoes, including siRNA, miRNA, DNA, proteins and small molecular chemicals, are complexed or encapsulated in the nanocarriers. The peptide ligand of the RVG-modified nanocarriers introduces the conjugated targeted-delivery into the brain, and the cargoes are involved in disease theranosis. The peptide-modified nanocarriers have been applied to diagnose and treat various brain diseases, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease, ischemic injury, protein misfolding diseases etc. Since the targeting delivery system has displayed good biocompatibility and desirable therapeutic effect, it will raise a potential application in treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Wang Z. Experimental and Clinical Strategies for Treating Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Neuroscience 2017; 371:138-154. [PMID: 29229556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), or Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the ataxin-3 protein. To date, there is no effective therapy available to prevent progression of this disease. However, clinical strategies for alleviating various symptoms are imperative to promote a better quality of life for SCA3/MJD patients. Furthermore, experimental therapeutic strategies, including gene silencing or mutant protein clearance, mutant polyQ protein modification, stabilizing the native protein conformation, rescue of cellular dysfunction and neuromodulation to slow the progression of SCA3/MJD, have been developed. In this study, based on the current knowledge, I detail the clinical and experimental therapeutic strategies for treating SCA3/MJD, paying particular attention to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China.
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68
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Játiva P, Ceña V. Use of nanoparticles for glioblastoma treatment: a new approach. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2533-2554. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a very aggressive CNS tumor with poor prognosis. Current treatment lacks efficacy indicating that new therapeutic approaches are needed. One of these new approaches is based on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver different cargos (antitumoral drugs or genetic materials) to tumoral cells. This review covers the signaling pathways altered in GBM cells to understand the rationale behind choosing new therapeutic targets and recent advances in the use of different NPs to deliver to GBM cells, both in vitro and in vivo, different therapeutic molecules. A special focus is placed on the effect of NPs on orthotopic brain tumors since this animal model represents the optimal model for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Játiva
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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69
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Rufino-Ramos D, Albuquerque PR, Carmona V, Perfeito R, Nobre RJ, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular vesicles: Novel promising delivery systems for therapy of brain diseases. J Control Release 2017; 262:247-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gossart JB, Pascal E, Meyer F, Heuillard E, Gonçalves M, Gossé F, Robinet E, Frisch B, Seguin C, Zuber G. Performance of Pyridylthiourea-Polyethylenimine Polyplex for siRNA-Mediated Liver Cancer Therapy in Cell Monolayer, Spheroid, and Tumor Xenograft Models. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2017; 1:1700013. [PMID: 31565271 PMCID: PMC6607116 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medical application of siRNAs relies on methods for delivering nucleic acids into the cytosol. Synthetic carriers, which assemble with nucleic acids into delivery systems, show promises for cancer therapy but efficiency remains to be improved. In here, the effectiveness of pyridylthiourea-polyethylenimine (πPEI), a siRNA carrier that favors both polyplex disassembly and endosome rupture upon sensing the acidic endosomal environment, in 3 experimental models of hepatocellular cancer is tested. The πPEI-assisted delivery of a siRNA targeting the polo-like kinase 1 into Huh-7 monolayer produces a 90% cell death via a demonstrated RNA interference mechanism. Incubation of polyplex with Huh-7 spheroids leads to siRNA delivery into the superficial first cell layer and a 60% reduction in spheroid growth compared to untreated controls. Administration of polyplexes into mice bearing subcutaneous implanted Huh-7Luc tumors results in a reduced tumor progression, similar to the one observed in the spheroid model. Altogether, these results support the in vivo use of synthetic and dedicated polymers for increasing siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, and their clinical promise in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Gossart
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
- Université de Strasbourg‐INSERMUMRS 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, FTMS11 rue Humann67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Etienne Pascal
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Florent Meyer
- Université de Strasbourg‐INSERMUMRS 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, FTMS11 rue Humann67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Emilie Heuillard
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Mathieu Gonçalves
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Francine Gossé
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
- Inserm U11103 rue Koeberlé67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Eric Robinet
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
- Inserm U11103 rue Koeberlé67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Benoît Frisch
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Cendrine Seguin
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Guy Zuber
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS, UMR 7242Boulevard Sebastien Brant67400IllkirchFrance
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71
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Toonen LJA, Rigo F, van Attikum H, van Roon-Mom WMC. Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Removal of the Polyglutamine Repeat in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:232-242. [PMID: 28918024 PMCID: PMC5504086 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG triplet expansion in exon 10 of the ATXN3 gene. The resultant expanded polyglutamine stretch in the mutant ataxin-3 protein causes a gain of toxic function, which eventually leads to neurodegeneration. One important function of ataxin-3 is its involvement in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway, and long-term downregulation of the protein may therefore not be desirable. In the current study, we made use of antisense oligonucleotides to mask predicted exonic splicing signals, resulting in exon 10 skipping from ATXN3 pre-mRNA. This led to formation of a truncated ataxin-3 protein lacking the toxic polyglutamine expansion, but retaining its ubiquitin binding and cleavage function. Repeated intracerebroventricular injections of the antisense oligonucleotides in a SCA3 mouse model led to exon skipping and formation of the modified ataxin-3 protein throughout the mouse brain. Exon skipping was long lasting, with the modified protein being detectable for at least 2.5 months after antisense oligonucleotide injection. A reduction in insoluble ataxin-3 and nuclear accumulation was observed following antisense oligonucleotide treatment, indicating a beneficial effect on pathogenicity. Together, these data suggest that exon 10 skipping is a promising therapeutic approach for SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodewijk J A Toonen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willeke M C van Roon-Mom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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72
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Oswald M, Geissler S, Goepferich A. Targeting the Central Nervous System (CNS): A Review of Rabies Virus-Targeting Strategies. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2177-2196. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Oswald
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Geissler
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 94030 Regensburg, Germany
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73
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Carmona V, Cunha-Santos J, Onofre I, Simões AT, Vijayakumar U, Davidson BL, Pereira de Almeida L. Unravelling Endogenous MicroRNA System Dysfunction as a New Pathophysiological Mechanism in Machado-Joseph Disease. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1038-1055. [PMID: 28236575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract within the protein ataxin-3 (ATXN3). Despite current efforts, MJD's mechanism of pathogenesis remains unclear and no disease-modifying treatment is available. Therefore, in this study, we investigated (1) the role of the 3' UTR of ATXN3, a putative microRNA (miRNA) target, (2) whether miRNA biogenesis and machinery are dysfunctional in MJD, and (3) which specific miRNAs target ATXN3-3' UTR and whether they can alleviate MJD neuropathology in vivo. Our results demonstrate that endogenous miRNAs, by targeting sequences in the 3' UTR, robustly reduce ATXN3 expression and aggregation in vitro and neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in vivo. Importantly, we found an abnormal MJD-associated downregulation of genes involved in miRNA biogenesis and silencing activity. Finally, we identified three miRNAs-mir-9, mir-181a, and mir-494-that interact with the ATXN3-3' UTR and whose expression is dysregulated in human MJD neurons and in other MJD cell and animal models. Furthermore, overexpression of these miRNAs in mice resulted in reduction of mutATXN3 levels, aggregate counts, and neuronal dysfunction. Altogether, these findings indicate that endogenous miRNAs and the 3' UTR of ATXN3 play a crucial role in MJD pathogenesis and provide a promising opportunity for MJD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Carmona
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Janete Cunha-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Isabel Onofre
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Udaya Vijayakumar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal.
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74
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Escalona-Rayo O, Fuentes-Vázquez P, Leyva-Gómez G, Cisneros B, Villalobos R, Magaña JJ, Quintanar-Guerrero D. Nanoparticulate strategies for the treatment of polyglutamine diseases by halting the protein aggregation process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:871-888. [PMID: 28142290 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1281949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a class of neurodegenerative disorders that cause cellular dysfunction and, eventually, neuronal death in specific regions of the brain. Neurodegeneration is linked to the misfolding and aggregation of expanded polyQ-containing proteins, and their inhibition is one of major therapeutic strategies used commonly. However, successful treatment has been limited to date because of the intrinsic properties of therapeutic agents (poor water solubility, low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetic properties), and difficulty in crossing physiological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In order to solve these problems, nanoparticulate systems with dimensions of 1-1000 nm able to incorporate small and macromolecules with therapeutic value, to protect and deliver them directly to the brain, have recently been developed, but their use for targeting polyQ disease-mediated protein misfolding and aggregation remains scarce. This review provides an update of the polyQ protein aggregation process and the development of therapeutic strategies for halting it. The main features that a nanoparticulate system should possess in order to enhance brain delivery are discussed, as well as the different types of materials utilized to produce them. The final part of this review focuses on the potential application of nanoparticulate system strategies to improve the specific and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain for the treatment of polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Escalona-Rayo
- a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
| | - Paulina Fuentes-Vázquez
- a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- b Laboratory of Connective Tissue , CENIAQ, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- c Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology , CINVESTAV-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos
- d División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- e Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics , Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
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75
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Saraiva J, Nobre RJ, Pereira de Almeida L. Gene therapy for the CNS using AAVs: The impact of systemic delivery by AAV9. J Control Release 2016; 241:94-109. [PMID: 27637390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several attempts have been made to discover the ideal vector for gene therapy in central nervous system (CNS). Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are currently the preferred vehicle since they exhibit stable transgene expression in post-mitotic cells, neuronal tropism, low risk of insertional mutagenesis and diminished immune responses. Additionally, the discovery that a particular serotype, AAV9, bypasses the blood-brain barrier has raised the possibility of intravascular administration as a non-invasive delivery route to achieve widespread CNS gene expression. AAV9 intravenous delivery has already shown promising results for several diseases in animal models, including lysosomal storage disorders and motor neuron diseases, opening the way to the first clinical trial in the field. This review presents an overview of clinical trials for CNS disorders using AAVs and will focus on preclinical studies based on the systemic gene delivery using AAV9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Saraiva
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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76
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Cosset E, Petty T, Dutoit V, Tirefort D, Otten-Hernandez P, Farinelli L, Dietrich PY, Preynat-Seauve O. Human tissue engineering allows the identification of active miRNA regulators of glioblastoma aggressiveness. Biomaterials 2016; 107:74-87. [PMID: 27614160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive cancers associated with massive infiltration of peritumoral parenchyma by migrating tumor cells. The infiltrative nature of GBM cells, the intratumoral heterogeneity concomitant with redundant signaling pathways likely underlie the inability of conventional and targeted therapies to achieve long-term remissions. In this respect, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play a role in cancer aggressiveness, emerge as possible relevant prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for treatment of malignant gliomas. We previously described a tissue model of GBM developing into a stem cell-derived human Engineered Neural Tissue (ENT) that allows the study of tumor/host tissue interaction. Combined with high throughput sequencing analysis, we took advantage of this human and integrated tissue model to understand miRNAs regulation. Three miRNAs (miR-340, -494 and -1293) active on cell proliferation, adhesion to extracellular matrix and tumor cell invasion were identified in GBM cells developing within ENT, and also confirmed in GBM biopsies. The components of miRNAs regulatory network at the transcriptional and the protein level have been also revealed by whole transcriptome analysis and Tandem Mass Tag in transfected GBM cells. Notably, miR-340 has a clinical relevance and modulates the expression of miR-494 and -1293, emphasizing its biological significance. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that human tissue engineering modeling GBM development in neural host tissue is a suitable tool to identify active miRNAs. Collectively, our study identified miR-340 as a strong modulator of GBM aggressiveness which may constitute a therapeutic target for treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cosset
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - T Petty
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Dutoit
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Centre of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Tirefort
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - P-Y Dietrich
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Centre of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Preynat-Seauve
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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77
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Conceição M, Mendonça L, Nóbrega C, Gomes C, Costa P, Hirai H, Moreira JN, Lima MC, Manjunath N, de Almeida LP. Safety profile of the intravenous administration of brain-targeted stable nucleic acid lipid particles. Data Brief 2016; 6:700-5. [PMID: 26958628 PMCID: PMC4773411 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In a clinical setting, where multiple administrations of the therapeutic agent are usually required to improve the therapeutic outcome, it is crucial to assess the immunogenicity of the administered nanoparticles. In this data work, we investigated the safety profile of the repeated intravenous administration of brain-targeted stable nucleic acid lipid particles (RVG-9r-targeted SNALPs). To evaluate local activation of the immune system, we performed analysis of mouse tissue homogenates and sections from cerebellum. To investigate peripheral activation of the immune system, we used serum of mice that were intravenously injected with RVG-9r-targeted SNALPs. These data are related and were discussed in the accompanying research article entitled “Intravenous administration of brain-targeted stable nucleic acid lipid particles alleviates Machado–Joseph disease neurological phenotype” (Conceição et al., in press) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Conceição
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- IBILI - Institute of Biomedical Research in Light and Image, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria C Lima
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Manjunath
- Center of Excellence in Infectious Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Cardoso A, Guedes J, Cardoso A, Morais C, Cunha P, Viegas A, Costa R, Jurado A, Pedroso de Lima M. Recent Trends in Nanotechnology Toward CNS Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 130:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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