51
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Looi JCL, Walterfang M, Styner M, Niethammer M, Svensson LA, Lindberg O, Ostberg P, Botes L, Orndahl E, Chua P, Velakoulis D, Wahlund LO. Shape analysis of the neostriatum in subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: neuroanatomically significant regional morphologic change. Psychiatry Res 2011; 191:98-111. [PMID: 21237621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Frontostriatal circuit mediated cognitive dysfunction has been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and may differ across subtypes of FTLD. We manually segmented the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) in FTLD subtypes: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, FTD, n=12; semantic dementia, SD, n=13; and progressive non-fluent aphasia, PNFA, n=9); in comparison with controls (n=27). Diagnoses were based on international consensus criteria. Manual bilateral segmentation of the caudate nucleus and putamen was conducted blind to diagnosis by a single analyst, on MRI scans using a standardized protocol. Intracranial volume was calculated via a stereological point counting technique and was used for normalizing the shape analysis. Segmented binaries were analyzed using the Spherical Harmonic (SPHARM) Shape Analysis tools (University of North Carolina) to perform comparisons between FTLD subtypes and controls for global shape difference, local significance maps and mean magnitude maps of shape displacement. Shape analysis revealed that there was significant shape difference between FTLD subtypes and controls, consistent with the predicted frontostriatal dysfunction and of significant magnitude, as measured by displacement maps. These differences were not significant for SD compared to controls; lesser for PNFA compared to controls; whilst FTD showed a more specific pattern in regions relaying fronto- and corticostriatal circuits. Shape analysis shows regional specificity of atrophy, manifest as shape deflation, with a differential between FTLD subtypes, compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Chee Leong Looi
- Research Centre for the Neurosciences of Ageing, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.
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Mamah D, Conturo TE, Harms MP, Akbudak E, Wang L, McMichael AR, Gado MH, Barch DM, Csernansky JG. Anterior thalamic radiation integrity in schizophrenia: a diffusion-tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 183:144-50. [PMID: 20619618 PMCID: PMC3887223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is a white matter structure, the medial portion of which includes the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) carrying nerve fibers between thalamus and prefrontal cortex. ATR abnormalities have a possible link with cognitive abnormalities and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We aimed to study the fiber integrity of the ATR more selectively by isolating the medial portion of the ALIC using region-of-interest based methodology. Diffusion-tensor imaging was used to measure the anisotropy of total ALIC (tALIC) and medial ALIC (mALIC) in 39 schizophrenia and 33 control participants, matched for age/gender/handedness. Relationships between anisotropy, psychopathology, and cognitive performance were analyzed. Compared with controls, schizophrenia participants had 4.55% lower anisotropy in right tALIC, and 5.38% lower anisotropy in right mALIC. There were no significant group anisotropy differences on the left. Significant correlations were observed between right ALIC integrity and relevant domains of cognitive function (e.g., executive function, working memory). Our study suggests an asymmetric microstructural change in ALIC in schizophrenia involving the right side, which is only minimally stronger in mALIC, and which correlates with cognitive impairment. Microstructural changes in the ALIC may be linked to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - Thomas E. Conturo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael P. Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erbil Akbudak
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amanda R. McMichael
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mokhtar H. Gado
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Caudate nucleus volume in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 182:223-30. [PMID: 20488675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether volumetric abnormalities of the caudate nuclei predate the onset of psychotic illness. Caudate nuclei volume (CNVs), excluding the tail, were measured using region-of-interest (ROI) tracing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans acquired on a 1.5T scanner. Subjects included 39 individuals deemed at ultra-high risk of psychosis who converted to psychosis (UHR-P) after initial MRI scanning; 39 matched individuals at ultra-high risk who did not convert to psychosis (UHR-NP); and 39 matched healthy controls. All subjects were neuroleptic-naïve. After adjusting CNVs for intracranial volume (ICV), univariate analyses of variance and repeated measures analyses of variance were undertaken to examine the relationship of CNVs to psychosis transition and to family history of psychosis. Pearson's correlations were used to investigate the relationship of psychopathological scores to CNVs. CNVs did not differ significantly between UHR individuals and healthy controls, and there was no significant difference between converters and non-converters to psychosis. In the UHR group, presence of family history of psychosis was not related to CNVs. There was no correlation between CNVs and either positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Significant associations were found between larger CNV and increased errors on a spatial working memory task but better verbal fluency performance. These data suggest that the caudate is macroscopically normal prior to illness onset, while the relationship to tasks of executive function may implicate the caudate together with its connections to prefrontal regions. Future research should examine changes longitudinally together with analysis of shape to assess subregions of the caudate that connect with prefrontal cortex.
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Mamah D, Wang L, Csernansky JG, Rice JP, Smith M, Barch DM. Morphometry of the hippocampus and amygdala in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Bipolar Disord 2010; 12:341-3. [PMID: 20565442 PMCID: PMC4461218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO,Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA,Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Molina V, Sanz J, Villa R, Pérez J, González D, Sarramea F, Ballesteros A, Galindo G, Hernández JA. Voxel-based morphometry comparison between first episodes of psychosis with and without evolution to schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2010; 181:204-10. [PMID: 20153145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
First episodes (FE) of psychosis may evolve or not to schizophrenia in ensuing years, but there is a lack of reliable predictors of which patients will have to face such an unfavorable outcome. Given the replicated structural alterations of the brain in schizophrenia, it seems advisable to assess whether the alterations of this kind that can be detected at the time of an initial psychotic episode are different depending on the outcome of the patients. To this end, here we applied voxel-based morphometry to assess whether the degree of cerebral abnormalities differ between 30 FE patients who evolved to schizophrenia in the ensuing 2years and another 14 FE patients who could not be diagnosed as such during that period. Forty-one controls were also included in the study. We found that the FE patients who evolved to schizophrenia had a significantly lower GM value than the controls bilaterally in the left dorsolateral prefrontal (BA 9) and in left anterior cingulate (BA 33) regions while the FE patients who did not develop schizophrenia showed a distinct, right-sided pattern of deviation (visual cortex, superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal). The direct comparison between FE patients who evolved or not evolved to schizophrenia did not reveal significant differences. Taken together, our results support the notion that brain abnormalities may be different in psychotic FE patients depending on their evolution in the medium term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Molina
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Spain.
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56
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Looi JCL, Walterfang M, Styner M, Svensson L, Lindberg O, Ostberg P, Botes L, Orndahl E, Chua P, Kumar R, Velakoulis D, Wahlund LO. Shape analysis of the neostriatum in frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, and controls. Neuroimage 2010; 51:970-86. [PMID: 20156566 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Frontostriatal circuit mediated cognitive dysfunction has been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but not Alzheimer's disease, or healthy aging. We measured the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) volume in FTLD (n=34), in comparison with controls (n=27) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=19) subjects. METHODS Diagnoses were based on international consensus criteria. Manual bilateral segmentation of the caudate nucleus and putamen was conducted blind to diagnosis by a single analyst, on MRI scans using a standardized protocol. Intra-cranial volume was calculated via a stereological point counting technique and was used for scaling the shape analysis. The manual segmentation binaries were analyzed using UNC Shape Analysis tools (University of North Carolina) to perform comparisons among FTLD, AD, and controls for global shape, local p-value significance maps, and mean magnitude of shape displacement. RESULTS Shape analysis revealed that there was significant shape difference between FTLD, AD, and controls, consistent with the predicted frontostriatal dysfunction and of significant magnitude, as measured by displacement maps. There was a lateralized difference in shape for the left caudate for FTLD compared to AD; non-specific global atrophy in AD compared to controls; while FTLD showed a more specific pattern in regions relaying fronto- and corticostriatal circuits. CONCLUSIONS Shape analysis shows regional specificity of atrophy, manifest as shape deflation, with implications for frontostriatal and corticostriatal motoric circuits, in FTLD, AD, and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Chee Leong Looi
- Research Centre for the Neurosciences of Ageing, Academic Unit of Psychological Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.
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Huang XQ, Lui S, Deng W, Chan RC, Wu QZ, Jiang LJ, Zhang JR, Jia ZY, Li XL, Li F, Chen L, Li T, Gong QY. Localization of cerebral functional deficits in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia using resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage 2010; 49:2901-6. [PMID: 19963069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Harms MP, Wang L, Campanella C, Aldridge K, Moffitt AJ, Kuelper J, Ratnanather JT, Miller MI, Barch DM, Csernansky JG. Structural abnormalities in gyri of the prefrontal cortex in individuals with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 196:150-7. [PMID: 20118463 PMCID: PMC2815937 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.067314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relatives of individuals with schizophrenia exhibit deficits of overall frontal lobe volume, consistent with a genetic contribution to these deficits. AIMS To quantify the structure of gyral-defined subregions of prefrontal cortex in individuals with schizophrenia and their siblings. METHOD Grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area of the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri were measured in participants with schizophrenia and their unaffected (non-psychotic) siblings (n = 26 pairs), and controls and their siblings (n = 40 pairs). RESULTS Grey matter volume was reduced in the middle and inferior frontal gyri of individuals with schizophrenia, relative to controls. However, only inferior frontal gyrus volume was also reduced in the unaffected siblings of those with schizophrenia, yielding a volume intermediate between their affected siblings and controls. CONCLUSIONS The structure of subregions of the prefrontal cortex may be differentially influenced by genetic factors in schizophrenia, with inferior frontal gyrus volume being most related to familial risk.
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Qiu A, Wang L, Younes L, Harms MP, Ratnanather JT, Miller MI, Csernansky JG. Neuroanatomical asymmetry patterns in individuals with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings. Neuroimage 2009; 47:1221-9. [PMID: 19481156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroanatomical endophenotypes may reveal insights into the processes by which genetic factors increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. To determine whether patterns of neuroanatomical asymmetries may be useful as schizophrenia-related endophenotypes, we compared patterns of structural asymmetries in patients with schizophrenia, healthy controls, and their respective siblings. The surfaces of the left and right amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and nucleus accumbens were assessed in 40 pairs of healthy comparison controls (CON) and their siblings (CON-SIB) and 25 pairs of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and their siblings (SCZ-SIB) in magnetic resonance (MR) images using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) and parallel transport techniques. The within-subject asymmetry deformation of each structure was first measured via LDDMM, and then translated to a global template via parallel transport for evaluation of the patterns of asymmetry both within and across siblings. Our results revealed that asymmetries observed in CON subjects occurred in the amygdala and the anterior segment of the hippocampus with more pronounced expansion deformation in the right-sided structures (R>L asymmetry) but not in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Disturbance in this pattern of asymmetries was observed in both SCZ and SCZ-SIB subjects. More specifically, exaggerations and reductions in the normative pattern of asymmetries were observed in the amygdala-hippocampus formation, basal ganglia, and thalamus. These altered patterns of asymmetries are present in subjects with schizophrenia and their siblings, and therefore may represent a schizophrenia-related endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Qiu
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Calabrese DR, Wang L, Harms MP, Ratnanather JT, Barch DM, Cloninger CR, Thompson P, Miller MI, Csernansky JG. Cingulate gyrus neuroanatomy in schizophrenia subjects and their non-psychotic siblings. Schizophr Res 2008; 104:61-70. [PMID: 18692994 PMCID: PMC4256942 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS In vivo neuroimaging studies have provided evidence of decreases in the gray matter volume of the cingulate gyrus in subjects with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls. To investigate whether these changes might be related to heritable influences, we used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and labeled cortical mantle distance mapping to measure gray matter volume, as well as thickness and the area of the gray/white interface, in the anterior and posterior segments of the cingulate gyrus in 28 subjects with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings, and in 38 healthy control subjects and their siblings. RESULTS There was a significant effect of group status on posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) gray matter volume (p=0.02). Subjects with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings showed similar reductions of gray matter volume (approximately 10%) in the PCC compared to healthy control subjects and their siblings. In turn, trend level effects of group status were found for thickness (p=0.08) and surface area (p=0.11) of the PCC. In the combined group of schizophrenia subjects and their siblings, a direct correlation was observed between PCC gray matter volume and negative symptoms. However, the reduction in PCC gray matter volume in schizophrenia subjects and their siblings was proportionate to an overall reduction in whole cerebral volume, i.e., the effect of group on the volume of the PCC became non-significant when cerebral volume was included as a covariate (p=0.4). There was no significant effect of group on anterior cingulate cortex volume, thickness, or area. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that decreases in the gray matter volume of the PCC occur in schizophrenia subjects and their siblings. The presence of such decreases in the non-psychotic siblings of schizophrenia subjects suggests that heritable factors may be involved in the development of cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Calabrese
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael P. Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - J. Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - C. Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Paul Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael I. Miller
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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