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Arya SK, Saha S, Ramirez-Vick JE, Gupta V, Bhansali S, Singh SP. Recent advances in ZnO nanostructures and thin films for biosensor applications: review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 737:1-21. [PMID: 22769031 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors have shown great potential for health care and environmental monitoring. The performance of biosensors depends on their components, among which the matrix material, i.e., the layer between the recognition layer of biomolecule and transducer, plays a crucial role in defining the stability, sensitivity and shelf-life of a biosensor. Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures and thin films have attracted much interest as materials for biosensors due to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, high isoelectric point, electrochemical activity, high electron mobility, ease of synthesis by diverse methods and high surface-to-volume ratio. ZnO nanostructures have shown the binding of biomolecules in desired orientations with improved conformation and high biological activity, resulting in enhanced sensing characteristics. Furthermore, compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology for constructing integrated circuits makes ZnO nanostructures suitable candidate for future small integrated biosensor devices. This review highlights recent advances in various approaches towards synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and thin films and their applications in biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Arya
- Bioelectronics Program, Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117685, Singapore.
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Tan S, Tan X, Jiang J, Xu J, Zhang J, Zhao D, Liu L, Huang Z. Hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on poly (vinyl alcohol)/ZnO nanorods composite films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Usman Ali SM, Ibupoto ZH, Kashif M, Hashim U, Willander M. A potentiometric indirect uric acid sensor based on ZnO nanoflakes and immobilized uricase. SENSORS 2012; 12:2787-97. [PMID: 22736977 PMCID: PMC3376584 DOI: 10.3390/s120302787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present work zinc oxide nanoflakes (ZnO-NF) structures with a wall thickness around 50 to 100 nm were synthesized on a gold coated glass substrate using a low temperature hydrothermal method. The enzyme uricase was electrostatically immobilized in conjunction with Nafion membrane on the surface of well oriented ZnO-NFs, resulting in a sensitive, selective, stable and reproducible uric acid sensor. The electrochemical response of the ZnO-NF-based sensor vs. a Ag/AgCl reference electrode was found to be linear over a relatively wide logarithmic concentration range (500 nM to 1.5 mM). In addition, the ZnO-NF structures demonstrate vast surface area that allow high enzyme loading which results provided a higher sensitivity. The proposed ZnO-NF array-based sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of ∼66 mV/ decade in test electrolyte solutions of uric acid, with fast response time. The sensor response was unaffected by normal concentrations of common interferents such as ascorbic acid, glucose, and urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Usman Ali
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Campus Norrköping, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden; E-Mails: (Z.H.I.); (M.W.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +46-11-363-119; Fax: +46-11-363-270
| | - Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Campus Norrköping, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden; E-Mails: (Z.H.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Nano Biochip Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis 01000, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.K.); (U.H.)
| | - Uda Hashim
- Nano Biochip Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis 01000, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.K.); (U.H.)
| | - Magnus Willander
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Campus Norrköping, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden; E-Mails: (Z.H.I.); (M.W.)
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Hahn YB, Ahmad R, Tripathy N. Chemical and biological sensors based on metal oxide nanostructures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10369-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Patil D, Dung NQ, Jung H, Ahn SY, Jang DM, Kim D. Enzymatic glucose biosensor based on CeO2 nanorods synthesized by non-isothermal precipitation. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 31:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Willander M, Nur O. Zinc oxide nanowires for biomedical sensing and analysis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1533/9780857096449.2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Joshi RK, Schneider JJ. Assembly of one dimensional inorganic nanostructures into functional 2D and 3D architectures. Synthesis, arrangement and functionality. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5285-312. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Haghighi B, Tabrizi MA. Direct electron transfer from glucose oxidase immobilized on a nano-porous glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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60
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Yang C, Gu B, Xu C, Xu X. Self-assembled ZnO quantum dot bioconjugates for direct electrochemical determination of allergen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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61
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Ali SMU, Aijazi T, Axelsson K, Nur O, Willander M. Wireless remote monitoring of glucose using a functionalized ZnO nanowire arrays based sensor. SENSORS 2011; 11:8485-96. [PMID: 22164087 PMCID: PMC3231475 DOI: 10.3390/s110908485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a prototype wireless remote glucose monitoring system interfaced with a ZnO nanowire arrays-based glucose sensor, glucose oxidase enzyme immobilized onto ZnO nanowires in conjunction with a Nafion® membrane coating, which can be effectively applied for the monitoring of glucose levels in diabetics. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) services like General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Short Message Service (SMS) have been proven to be logical and cost effective methods for gathering data from remote locations. A communication protocol that facilitates remote data collection using SMS has been utilized for monitoring a patient’s sugar levels. In this study, we demonstrate the remote monitoring of the glucose levels with existing GPRS/GSM network infra-structures using our proposed functionalized ZnO nanowire arrays sensors integrated with standard readily available mobile phones. The data can be used for centralized monitoring and other purposes. Such applications can reduce health care costs and allow caregivers to monitor and support to their patients remotely, especially those located in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Usman Ali
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.
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Pezzulo AA, Asif MH, Willander M, Zabner J. In Situ Quantification of Glucose Concentration in Airway Surface Liquid With Functionalized ZnO Nanorod-Coated Microelectrodes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL & BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 2011; S7:002. [PMID: 23227447 PMCID: PMC3514975 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.s7-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The surface of the airways that conduct gases into and out of the lungs has components that protect the host from inhaled and aspirated pathogens. The thin (4-7 µm height) layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) that lines the airways has physicochemical properties that are important for normal function of these antimicrobial components. Among these properties, low glucose concentration is required for normal antimicrobial activity. Current methods for assessing the ASL have important flaws (temporal resolution, dilution factors, collection volume), which have been a recurring obstacle for understanding diseases in which ASL composition is abnormal. To circumvent these problems, microelectrodes coated with ZnO nanorods and immobilized glucose oxidase was used to determine glucose concentration in ASL of well-differentiated cultures of human airway epithelia. The sensor responded to glucose linearly over a concentration range of 0.128 to 8 mM and the effects of electroactive interferents were minimal. The measured concentration of glucose in ASL was consistent with values previously reported. This method confirms the presence of a transepithelial glucose concentration gradient in human airway epithelia and is an important step towards characterizing the physicochemical properties of ASL and understanding diseases caused by changes in ASL composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A. Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muhammad H. Asif
- Departments of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Willander
- Departments of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Jung SH, Lee YK, Son YK. Improved Sensitivity of a Glucose Sensor by Encapsulation of Free GOx in Conducting Polymer Micropillar Structure. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2011. [DOI: 10.5229/jecst.2011.2.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A novel glucose sensor based on ordered mesoporous carbon–Au nanoparticles nanocomposites. Talanta 2011; 83:1386-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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65
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Growth and Structure of ZnO Nanorods on a Sub-Micrometer Glass Pipette and Their Application as Intracellular Potentiometric Selective Ion Sensors. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4657-4667. [PMID: 28883346 PMCID: PMC5445763 DOI: 10.3390/ma3094657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the growth and structure of ZnO nanorods on a sub-micrometer glass pipette and their application as an intracellular selective ion sensor. Highly oriented, vertical and aligned ZnO nanorods were grown on the tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 µm in diameter) by the low temperature aqueous chemical growth (ACG) technique. The relatively large surface-to-volume ratio of ZnO nanorods makes them attractive for electrochemical sensing. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that ZnO nanorods are single crystals and grow along the crystal’s c-axis. The ZnO nanorods were functionalized with a polymeric membrane for selective intracellular measurements of Na+. The membrane-coated ZnO nanorods exhibited a Na+-dependent electrochemical potential difference versus an Ag/AgCl reference micro-electrode within a wide concentration range from 0.5 mM to 100 mM. The fabrication of functionalized ZnO nanorods paves the way to sense a wide range of biochemical species at the intracellular level.
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66
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Kishwar S, Asif MH, Nur O, Willander M, Larsson PO. Intracellular ZnO Nanorods Conjugated with Protoporphyrin for Local Mediated Photochemistry and Efficient Treatment of Single Cancer Cell. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:1669-74. [PMID: 21076704 PMCID: PMC2956032 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanorods (NRs) with high surface area to volume ratio and biocompatibility is used as an efficient photosensitizer carrier system and at the same time providing intrinsic white light needed to achieve cancer cell necrosis. In this letter, ZnO nanorods used for the treatment of breast cancer cell (T47D) are presented. To adjust the sample for intracellular experiments, we have grown the ZnO nanorods on the tip of borosilicate glass capillaries (0.5 μm diameter) by aqueous chemical growth technique. The grown ZnO nanorods were conjugated using protoporphyrin dimethyl ester (PPDME), which absorbs the light emitted by the ZnO nanorods. Mechanism of cytotoxicity appears to involve the generation of singlet oxygen inside the cell. The novel findings of cell-localized toxicity indicate a potential application of PPDME-conjugated ZnO NRs in the necrosis of breast cancer cell within few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kishwar
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - MH Asif
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - O Nur
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - M Willander
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Larsson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Rahman MM, Saleh Ahammad AJ, Jin JH, Ahn SJ, Lee JJ. A comprehensive review of glucose biosensors based on nanostructured metal-oxides. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:4855-86. [PMID: 22399911 PMCID: PMC3292151 DOI: 10.3390/s100504855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has opened new and exhilarating opportunities for exploring glucose biosensing applications of the newly prepared nanostructured materials. Nanostructured metal-oxides have been extensively explored to develop biosensors with high sensitivity, fast response times, and stability for the determination of glucose by electrochemical oxidation. This article concentrates mainly on the development of different nanostructured metal-oxide [such as ZnO, Cu(I)/(II) oxides, MnO(2), TiO(2), CeO(2), SiO(2), ZrO(2,) and other metal-oxides] based glucose biosensors. Additionally, we devote our attention to the operating principles (i.e., potentiometric, amperometric, impedimetric and conductometric) of these nanostructured metal-oxide based glucose sensors. Finally, this review concludes with a personal prospective and some challenges of these nanoscaled sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.M.R.); (A.J.S.A.)
| | - A. J. Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.M.R.); (A.J.S.A.)
| | - Joon-Hyung Jin
- KFnSC Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Sang Jung Ahn
- Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-340, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.M.R.); (A.J.S.A.)
- KFnSC Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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