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Ramasamy S, Bennet D, Kim S. Drug and bioactive molecule screening based on a bioelectrical impedance cell culture platform. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5789-809. [PMID: 25525360 PMCID: PMC4266242 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s71128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will present a brief discussion on the recent advancements of bioelectrical impedance cell-based biosensors, especially the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system for screening of various bioactive molecules. The different technical integrations of various chip types, working principles, measurement systems, and applications for drug targeting of molecules in cells are highlighted in this paper. Screening of bioactive molecules based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing is a trial-and-error process toward the development of therapeutically active agents for drug discovery and therapeutics. In general, bioactive molecule screening can be used to identify active molecular targets for various diseases and toxicity at the cellular level with nanoscale resolution. In the innovation and screening of new drugs or bioactive molecules, the activeness, the efficacy of the compound, and safety in biological systems are the main concerns on which determination of drug candidates is based. Further, drug discovery and screening of compounds are often performed in cell-based test systems in order to reduce costs and save time. Moreover, this system can provide more relevant results in in vivo studies, as well as high-throughput drug screening for various diseases during the early stages of drug discovery. Recently, MEMS technologies and integration with image detection techniques have been employed successfully. These new technologies and their possible ongoing transformations are addressed. Select reports are outlined, and not all the work that has been performed in the field of drug screening and development is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ramasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Devasier Bennet
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea ; Graduate Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Au SH, Chamberlain MD, Mahesh S, Sefton MV, Wheeler AR. Hepatic organoids for microfluidic drug screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3290-9. [PMID: 24984750 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00531g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the microfluidic organoids for drug screening (MODS) platform, a digital microfluidic system that is capable of generating arrays of individually addressable, free-floating, three-dimensional hydrogel-based microtissues (or 'organoids'). Here, we focused on liver organoids, driven by the need for early-stage screening methods for hepatotoxicity that enable a "fail early, fail cheaply" strategy in drug discovery. We demonstrate that arrays of hepatic organoids can be formed from co-cultures of HepG2 and NIH-3T3 cells embedded in hydrogel matrices. The organoids exhibit fibroblast-dependent contractile behaviour, and their albumin secretion profiles and cytochrome P450 3A4 activities are better mimics of in vivo liver tissue than comparable two-dimensional cell culture systems. As proof of principle for screening, MODS was used to generate and analyze the effects of a dilution series of acetaminophen on apoptosis and necrosis. With further development, we propose that the MODS platform may be a cost-effective tool in a "fail early, fail cheaply" paradigm of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam H Au
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
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53
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Automated long-term monitoring of parallel microfluidic operations applying a machine vision-assisted positioning method. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:608184. [PMID: 25133248 PMCID: PMC4124227 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As microfluidics has been applied extensively in many cell and biochemical applications, monitoring the related processes is an important requirement. In this work, we design and fabricate a high-throughput microfluidic device which contains 32 microchambers to perform automated parallel microfluidic operations and monitoring on an automated stage of a microscope. Images are captured at multiple spots on the device during the operations for monitoring samples in microchambers in parallel; yet the device positions may vary at different time points throughout operations as the device moves back and forth on a motorized microscopic stage. Here, we report an image-based positioning strategy to realign the chamber position before every recording of microscopic image. We fabricate alignment marks at defined locations next to the chambers in the microfluidic device as reference positions. We also develop image processing algorithms to recognize the chamber positions in real-time, followed by realigning the chambers to their preset positions in the captured images. We perform experiments to validate and characterize the device functionality and the automated realignment operation. Together, this microfluidic realignment strategy can be a platform technology to achieve precise positioning of multiple chambers for general microfluidic applications requiring long-term parallel monitoring of cell and biochemical activities.
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Hasan A, Nurunnabi M, Morshed M, Paul A, Polini A, Kuila T, Al Hariri M, Lee YK, Jaffa AA. Recent advances in application of biosensors in tissue engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:307519. [PMID: 25165697 PMCID: PMC4140114 DOI: 10.1155/2014/307519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors research is a fast growing field in which tens of thousands of papers have been published over the years, and the industry is now worth billions of dollars. The biosensor products have found their applications in numerous industries including food and beverages, agricultural, environmental, medical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical industries and many more. Even though numerous biosensors have been developed for detection of proteins, peptides, enzymes, and numerous other biomolecules for diverse applications, their applications in tissue engineering have remained limited. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in application of novel biosensors in cell culture and tissue engineering, for example, real-time detection of small molecules such as glucose, lactose, and H2O2 as well as serum proteins of large molecular size, such as albumin and alpha-fetoprotein, and inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-g and TNF-α. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in biosensors for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon ; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahboob Morshed
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arghya Paul
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Alessandro Polini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tapas Kuila
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Division, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Moustafa Al Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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55
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Multiplexed extraction and quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals from DBS samples using digital microfluidics. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:307-18. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is emerging as a valuable technique in a variety of fields, including clinical and preclinical testing of pharmaceuticals. Despite this popularity, current DBS sampling and analysis processes remain laborious and time consuming. Digital microfluidics, a microscale liquid-handling technique, characterized by the manipulation of discrete droplets on open electrode arrays, offers a potential solution to these problems. Results: We report a new digital microfluidic method for multiplexed extraction and analysis of pharmaceuticals in DBS samples. In the new method, four DBS samples are extracted in microliter-sized droplets containing internal standard, and the extract is delivered to dedicated nanoelectrospray ionization emitters for direct analysis by tandem mass spectometry and selected reaction monitoring. Conclusion: The new method allows for an order of magnitude reduction in processing time and approximately three-times reduction in extraction solvent relative to conventional techniques, while maintaining acceptable analytical performance for most drugs tested.
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56
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Lei KM, Mak PI, Law MK, Martins RP. NMR–DMF: a modular nuclear magnetic resonance–digital microfluidics system for biological assays. Analyst 2014; 139:6204-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a modular nuclear magnetic resonance–digital microfluidics (NMR–DMF) system as a portable diagnostic platform for miniaturized biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Meng Lei
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Man-Kay Law
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Rui P. Martins
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- China
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- University of Lisbon
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57
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HENARES TG, FUNANO SI, SUEYOSHI K, ENDO T, HISAMOTO H. Advancements in Capillary-Assembled Microchip (CAs-CHIP) Development for Multiple Analyte Sensing and Microchip Electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:7-15. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenji SUEYOSHI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuro ENDO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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58
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Dryden MDM, Rackus DDG, Shamsi MH, Wheeler AR. Integrated Digital Microfluidic Platform for Voltammetric Analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8809-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402003v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. M. Dryden
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Darius D. G. Rackus
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mohtashim H. Shamsi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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59
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Choi K, Ng AHC, Fobel R, Chang-Yen DA, Yarnell LE, Pearson EL, Oleksak CM, Fischer AT, Luoma RP, Robinson JM, Audet J, Wheeler AR. Automated Digital Microfluidic Platform for Magnetic-Particle-Based Immunoassays with Optimization by Design of Experiments. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9638-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401847x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Alphonsus H. C. Ng
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ryan Fobel
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - David A. Chang-Yen
- AbbVie, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park,
Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Lyle E. Yarnell
- Abbott Diagnostics, 1921 Hurd Drive, Irving,
Texas 75038, United States
| | - Elroy L. Pearson
- AbbVie, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park,
Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Carl M. Oleksak
- Abbott Diagnostics, 1921 Hurd Drive, Irving,
Texas 75038, United States
| | - Andrew T. Fischer
- Abbott Diagnostics, 1921 Hurd Drive, Irving,
Texas 75038, United States
| | - Robert P. Luoma
- Abbott Diagnostics, 1921 Hurd Drive, Irving,
Texas 75038, United States
| | - John M. Robinson
- Abbott Diagnostics, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park,
Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Julie Audet
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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60
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Delamarche E, Tonna N, Lovchik RD, Bianco F, Matteoli M. Pharmacology on microfluidics: multimodal analysis for studying cell-cell interaction. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:821-8. [PMID: 23876840 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of cell-cell interaction is a key unanswered question in modern pharmacology, given crosstalk defects are at the basis of many pathologies. Microfluidics represents a valuable tool for analyzing intercellular communication mediated by transmission of soluble signals, as occurring for example between neurons and glial cells in neuroinflammation, or between tumor and surrounding cells in cancer. However, the use of microfluidics for studying cell behavior still encompasses many technical and biological challenges. In this review, a state of the art of successes, potentials and limitations of microfluidics applied to key biological questions in modern pharmacology is analyzed and commented.
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61
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Tran TB, Cho S, Min J. Hydrogel-based diffusion chip with Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) integration for cell viability assay and drug toxicity screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:453-9. [PMID: 23911660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have provided a novel analytical integration between hydrogel-based cell chip and Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) technique to apply to a high-throughput, real-time cell viability assay and drug screening. For simulating the drug diffusion model, we have developed a hydrogel-based tissue-mimicking structure with microfluidic channel, without unwanted flow, to generate a gradient concentration with long-term stability. Along the gradient line, four individual micro-electrodes were installed to record the impedance signal changes, which result from the cell viability under drug effects. By watching for cellular impedance changes, we successfully estimated the cytotoxicity of the treatment corresponding to the various concentration values of stimuli, generated by the diffusion process along the channel. Reliable IC50 values and time-dose relationships were also achieved. With the feature of real-time monitoring capability, the advantages of non-invasion, label-free detection, time saving and simple manipulation, our integrative device has become a promising high throughput cell-based on-chip platform for cell viability assay and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Binh Tran
- Nano-Bio Energy Department, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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62
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Bajwa A, Tan ST, Mehta R, Bahreyni B. Rapid detection of viable microorganisms based on a plate count technique using arrayed microelectrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:8188-98. [PMID: 23803788 PMCID: PMC3758590 DOI: 10.3390/s130708188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of a miniaturized biosensor system that can be used for rapid detection and counting of microorganisms in food or water samples is described. The developed microsystem employs a highly sensitive impedimetric array of biosensors to monitor the growth of bacterial colonies that are dispersed across an agar growth medium. To use the system, a sample containing the bacteria is cultured above the agar layer. Using a multiplexing network, the electrical properties of the medium at different locations are continuously measured, recorded, and compared against a baseline signal. Variations of signals from different biosensors are used to reveal the presence of bacteria in the sample, as well as the locations of bacterial colonies across the biochip. This technique forms the basis for a label-free bacterial detection for rapid analysis of food samples, reducing the detection time by at least a factor of four compared to the current required incubation times of 24 to 72 hours for plate count techniques. The developed microsystem has the potential for miniaturization to a stage where it could be deployed for rapid analysis of food samples at commercial scale at laboratories, food processing facilities, and retailers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Bajwa
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Shaoqing Tim Tan
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Ram Mehta
- PBR Laboratories Inc., Edmonton, AB T6E 0P5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Behraad Bahreyni
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada; E-Mail:
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