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Devarakonda S, Ganapathysubramanian B, Shrotriya P. Impedance-Based Nanoporous Anodized Alumina/ITO Platforms for Label-Free Biosensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:150-158. [PMID: 34937345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental and computational approach for the fabrication and characterization of a highly sensitive and responsive label-free biosensor that does not require the presence of redox couples in electrolytes for sensitive electrochemical detection. The sensor is based on an aptamer-functionalized transparent electrode composed of nanoporous anodized alumina (NAA) grown on indium tin oxide (ITO)-covered glass. Electrochemical impedance changes in a thrombin binding aptamer (TBA)-functionalized NAA/ITO/glass electrode due to specific binding of α-thrombin are monitored for protein detection. The aptamer-functionalized electrode enables sensitive and specific thrombin protein detection with a detection limit of ∼10 pM and a high signal-to-noise ratio. The transient impedance of the alumina film-covered surface is computed using a computational electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) approach and compared to experimental observations to identify the dominant mechanisms underlying the sensor response. The computational and experimental results indicate that the sensing response is due to the modified ionic transport under the combined influence of steric hindrance and surface charge modification due to ligand/receptor binding between α-thrombin and the aptamer-covered alumina film. These results suggest that alumina film-covered electrodes utilize both steric and charge modulation for sensing, leading to tremendous improvement in the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. The film configuration is amenable for miniaturization and can be readily incorporated into existing portable sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaranjani Devarakonda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Pranav Shrotriya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Khan MI, Muhammad N, Tariq M, Nishan U, Razaq A, Saleh TA, Haija MA, Ismail I, Rahim A. Non-enzymatic electrochemical dopamine sensing probe based on hexagonal shape zinc-doped cobalt oxide (Zn-Co 2O 4) nanostructure. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 189:37. [PMID: 34958414 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A non-enzymatic dopamine electrochemical sensing probe was developed. A hexagonal shape zinc-doped cobalt oxide (Zn-Co2O4) nanostructure was prepared by a facile hydrothermal approach. The combination of Zn, which has an abundance of electrons, and Co3O4 exhibited a synergistically electron-rich nanocomposite. The crystallinity of the nanostructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology, revealing hexagonal nanoparticles with an average particle size of 400 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was used to confirm the nanostructure of the doped material. The nanostructure's bonding and functional groups were verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was conducted by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and amperometry. The resistivity of the electrode was confirmed through EIS and showed that the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited higher charge transfer resistance as compared to modified Zn-Co2O4/GCE. The sensing probe was developed by modifying the surface of GCE with Zn-Co2O4 nanostructure and tested as an electrochemical sensor for dopamine oxidation; it operated best at a working potential of 0.17 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The developed sensor exhibited a low limit of detection (0.002 µM), a high sensitivity (126 µA. µM-1 cm-2), and a wide linear range (0.2 to 185 µM). The sensor showed a short response time of < 1 s. The sensor's selectivity was investigated in the presence of coexisting species (uric acid, ascorbic acid, adrenaline, epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, phenethylamine, and glucose) with no effects on dopamine determination results. The developed sensor was also successfully used for determining dopamine concentrations in a real sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Inam Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore, Islamabad, 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore, Islamabad, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Razaq
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore, Islamabad, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Abu Haija
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Issam Ismail
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore, Islamabad, 54000, Pakistan.
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Bhat VJ, Vegesna SV, Kiani M, Zhao X, Blaschke D, Du N, Vogel M, Kluge S, Raff J, Hübner U, Skorupa I, Rebohle L, Schmidt H. Detecting Bacterial Cell Viability in Few µL Solutions from Impedance Measurements on Silicon-Based Biochips. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073541. [PMID: 33805483 PMCID: PMC8037661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two different types of impedance biochips (PS5 and BS5) with ring top electrodes, a distinct change of measured impedance has been detected after adding 1–5 µL (with dead or live Gram-positive Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12 cells to 20 µL DI water inside the ring top electrode. We relate observed change of measured impedance to change of membrane potential of L. sphaericus JG-A12 cells. In contrast to impedance measurements, optical density (OD) measurements cannot be used to distinguish between dead and live cells. Dead L. sphaericus JG-A12 cells have been obtained by adding 0.02 mg/mL of the antibiotics tetracycline and 0.1 mg/mL chloramphenicol to a batch with OD0.5 and by incubation for 24 h, 30 °C, 120 rpm in the dark. For impedance measurements, we have used batches with a cell density of 25.5 × 108 cells/mL (OD8.5) and 270.0 × 108 cells/mL (OD90.0). The impedance biochip PS5 can be used to detect the more resistive and less capacitive live L. sphaericus JG-A12 cells. Also, the impedance biochip BS5 can be used to detect the less resistive and more capacitive dead L. sphaericus JG-A12 cells. An outlook on the application of the impedance biochips for high-throughput drug screening, e.g., against multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak J. Bhat
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (V.J.B.); (D.B.); (U.H.)
| | - Sahitya V. Vegesna
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (V.J.B.); (D.B.); (U.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.V.); (N.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Mahdi Kiani
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.K.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xianyue Zhao
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.K.); (X.Z.)
| | - Daniel Blaschke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (V.J.B.); (D.B.); (U.H.)
| | - Nan Du
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (V.J.B.); (D.B.); (U.H.)
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.V.); (N.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Manja Vogel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.V.); (S.K.); (J.R.); (I.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Sindy Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.V.); (S.K.); (J.R.); (I.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Johannes Raff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.V.); (S.K.); (J.R.); (I.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (V.J.B.); (D.B.); (U.H.)
| | - Ilona Skorupa
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.V.); (S.K.); (J.R.); (I.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Lars Rebohle
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.V.); (S.K.); (J.R.); (I.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Heidemarie Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (V.J.B.); (D.B.); (U.H.)
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.V.); (N.D.); (H.S.)
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Rashed MZ, Kopechek JA, Priddy MC, Hamorsky KT, Palmer KE, Mittal N, Valdez J, Flynn J, Williams SJ. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using electrochemical impedance-based detector. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112709. [PMID: 33075724 PMCID: PMC7539830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization and has caused over 550,000 deaths worldwide as of July 2020. Accurate and scalable point-of-care devices would increase screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of COVID-19 patients. Here, we demonstrate rapid label-free electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a commercially available impedance sensing platform. A 16-well plate containing sensing electrodes was pre-coated with receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and subsequently tested with samples of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody CR3022 (0.1 μg/ml, 1.0 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml). Subsequent blinded testing was performed on six serum specimens taken from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients (1:100 dilution factor). The platform was able to differentiate spikes in impedance measurements from a negative control (1% milk solution) for all CR3022 samples. Further, successful differentiation and detection of all positive clinical samples from negative control was achieved. Measured impedance values were consistent when compared to standard ELISA test results showing a strong correlation between them (R2=0.9). Detection occurs in less than five minutes and the well-based platform provides a simplified and familiar testing interface that can be readily adaptable for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z Rashed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, 200 Sackett Hall, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Kopechek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Mariah C Priddy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Krystal T Hamorsky
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Nikhil Mittal
- ACEA Biosciences, Agilent Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Valdez
- ACEA Biosciences, Agilent Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Flynn
- Norton Healthcare, Inc, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Stuart J Williams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, 200 Sackett Hall, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
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Li P, Zhang M, Sun C, Wang D, Xu W, Zou Y, Ma J, Zhu Y. A novel photoelectrochemical sensor based on tailoring printable mesoscopic chip for fast and real-time phospholipids oxidation detection. Food Chem 2020; 314:126173. [PMID: 31954942 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The detection of phospholipids oxidation is important for meat control and disease prevention. In this paper, a photoelectrochemical sensor based on printable mesoscopic chip (PMC) for fast and real-time monitoring phospholipids oxidation was designed and fabricated. TiO2, ZrO2 and carbon films of PMC were screen-printed onto the FTO glass layer by layer. The PMC and the feasibility for determination of phospholipids oxidation were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), etc. The short circuit current (Jsc) was used as a signal current, which would decrease if phospholipids in PMC were undergoing oxidation for the change of electrical properties. Compared with other methods, phospholipids in PMC did not require pretreatment, and the process was nondestructive and real-time. Meanwhile, this method showed high sensitivity and good selectivity. The fabricating process of PMC is simple, and the costs are low, relatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Muhan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Qinghai Province Qinghai Lake Meat Industry Co., Ltd, Hainan 813099, China.
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Jahangiri-Dehaghani F, Zare HR, Shekari Z. Measurement of aflatoxin M1 in powder and pasteurized milk samples by using a label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on platinum nanoparticles loaded on Fe-based metal-organic frameworks. Food Chem 2019; 310:125820. [PMID: 31810725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive label-free electrochemical aptasensor is introduced to measure aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by using platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) decorated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Fe-based metal-organic frameworks, MIL-101(Fe). The MIL-101(Fe) and the PtNP/MIL-101(Fe) are synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are done to monitor the fabrication processes of the aptasensor. In optimum conditions, the linear calibration range of 1.0 × 10-2 to 80.0 ng mL-1 and the detection limit of 2.0 × 10-3 ng mL-1 are obtained to measure AFM1 concentration using the EIS method. Finally, the fabricated aptasensor is successfully applied to measure AFM1 concentration in powder and pasteurized milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid R Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shekari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran
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Sher M, Asghar W. Development of a multiplex fully automated assay for rapid quantification of CD4 + T cells from whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111490. [PMID: 31302394 PMCID: PMC6718319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective and rapid assays for the accurate counting of CD4 cells has remained prime focus for disease management. The lack of such assays has severely affected people living in resource-limited disease prevalent areas. CD4 count information plays a vital role in the effective management of HIV disease. There is an unmet need to develop rapid, cost-effective, portable and user-friendly point-of-care (POC) disease diagnostic platform technology for CD4+ T cell counting. Here, we have developed a flow-free magnetic actuation platform that uses antibody-coated magnetic beads to efficiently capture CD4+ T cells from a 30 μL drop of whole blood. On-chip cell lysate electrical impedance spectroscopy has been utilized to quantify the isolated CD4 cells. The developed assay has a limit of detection of 25 cells per μL and provides accurate CD4 counts in the range of 25-800 cells per μL. The whole immunoassay along with the enumeration process is very rapid and provides CD4 quantification results within 5 min time frame. The assay does not require off-chip sample preparation steps and minimizes human involvement to a greater extent. The developed impedance-based immunoassay has potential to significantly improve the CD4 enumeration process especially for POC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Sher
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Rana SP, Dey M, Tiberi G, Sani L, Vispa A, Raspa G, Duranti M, Ghavami M, Dudley S. Machine Learning Approaches for Automated Lesion Detection in Microwave Breast Imaging Clinical Data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10510. [PMID: 31324863 PMCID: PMC6642213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast lesion detection employing state of the art microwave systems provide a safe, non-ionizing technique that can differentiate healthy and non-healthy tissues by exploiting their dielectric properties. In this paper, a microwave apparatus for breast lesion detection is used to accumulate clinical data from subjects undergoing breast examinations at the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Perugia Hospital, Perugia, Italy. This paper presents the first ever clinical demonstration and comparison of a microwave ultra-wideband (UWB) device augmented by machine learning with subjects who are simultaneously undergoing conventional breast examinations. Non-ionizing microwave signals are transmitted through the breast tissue and the scattering parameters (S-parameter) are received via a dedicated moving transmitting and receiving antenna set-up. The output of a parallel radiologist study for the same subjects, performed using conventional techniques, is taken to pre-process microwave data and create suitable data for the machine intelligence system. These data are used to train and investigate several suitable supervised machine learning algorithms nearest neighbour (NN), multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, and support vector machine (SVM) to create an intelligent classification system towards supporting clinicians to recognise breasts with lesions. The results are rigorously analysed, validated through statistical measurements, and found the quadratic kernel of SVM can classify the breast data with 98% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Prakash Rana
- Division of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Maitreyee Dey
- Division of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluigi Tiberi
- Division of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
- UBT Srl, Spin Off of the University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sani
- UBT Srl, Spin Off of the University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Raspa
- UBT Srl, Spin Off of the University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Duranti
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Perugia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ghavami
- Division of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Dudley
- Division of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Point-of-care medical devices offer the potential for rapid biomarker detection and reporting of medical conditions, thereby bypassing the requirements for offline clinical laboratory facilities in many cases. Label-free electrochemical techniques are suitable for use in handheld diagnostic devices due the inherent electronic detection modality and low requirement for processing reagents. While electrochemical impedance sensing is widely used in tissue analysis such as body composition measurement, its use in point-of-care patient testing is yet to be widely adopted. Here we have considered a number of issues currently limiting the translation of electrochemical impedance sensing into clinical biosensor devices. Specifically, we have addressed the current requirement for these sensors to be connected to an external processor by applying a minimum number of frequencies required for optimized biomarker detection, and subsequently delivering analytics within the measurement device. The POISED-5 device was evaluated using a sensor for the ovarian cancer biomarker cancer antigen 125 (CA125), demonstrating performance comparable to standard laboratory equipment, with direct interpretation of response signal amplitude substituting traditional impedance component calculation and model fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Anne Sawhney
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - R. S. Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
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Desai SP, Coston A, Berlin A. Micro-Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Identification of Patient-Derived, Dissociated Tumor Cells. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:369-372. [PMID: 31180894 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2920743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fine needle aspirate sampling of tumors requires acquisition of sufficient cells to complete a diagnosis. Aspirates through such fine needles are typically composed of small cell clusters in suspension, making them readily amenable to microfluidic analysis. Here we show a microfluidic device with integrated electrodes capable of interrogating and identifying cellular components in a patient-derived sample of dissociated tumor cells using micro-electrical impedance spectroscopy ( μ EIS). We show that the μ EIS system can distinguish dissociated tumor cells in a sample consisting of red blood cell (RBCs) and peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs). Our μ EIS system can also distinguish dissociated tumor cells from normal cells and we show results for five major cancer types, specifically, lung, thyroid, breast, ovarian, and kidney cancer. Moreover, our μ EIS system can make these distinctions in a label-free manner, thereby opening the possibility of integration into standard clinical workflows at the point of care.
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Borycka-Kiciak K, Młyńczak M, Kiciak A, Pietrzak P, Dziki A. Non-invasive obstetric anal sphincter injury diagnostics using impedance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7097. [PMID: 31068631 PMCID: PMC6506466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries are the most common cause of fecal incontinence in women yet remain under-diagnosed. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of impedance spectroscopy for diagnosing sphincter injuries arising during delivery. This was a prospective single-center study. 22 female patients were included: 10 with symptoms of sphincter dysfunction, in the early postpartum period, and 12 unaffected, in the distant period of more than 2 years after natural delivery. The presence, extent and severity of anal sphincters injury was assessed by measuring the sphincter parameters in physical examination, the degree of sphincter damage in endoanal ultrasound imaging and the sphincters function parameters in anorectal manometry. All measurements were used as references and compared with the outcomes from the impedance spectroscopy models. Impedance spectroscopy showed the highest precision (with mean accuracy of 83.9%) in relation to transanal ultrasonography. 74.1% of its results corresponded to the results of rectal physical examination and 76.7% - to those of anorectal manometry. The method showed the highest accuracy in the assessment of the sphincter's parameters, both anatomically and functionally. New impedance spectroscopy techniques hold promise for detecting obstetric anal sphincter injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Borycka-Kiciak
- Department of General, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Orlowski Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcel Młyńczak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kiciak
- Department of General, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Orlowski Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pietrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Dziki
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Lyu H, Yu Z, Gao B, He F, Huang J, Tang J, Shen B. Ball-milled biochar for alternative carbon electrode. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:14693-14702. [PMID: 30945079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ball-milled biochars (BM-biochars) were produced through ball milling of pristine biochars derived from different biomass at three pyrolysis temperatures (300, 450, and 600 °C). The results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM), surface area, hydrodynamic diameter test, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that BM-biochars had smaller particle size (140-250 nm compared to 0.5-1 mm for unmilled biochar), greater stability, and more oxygen-containing functional groups (2.2-4.4 mmol/g compared to 0.8-2.9 for unmilled biochar) than the pristine biochars. With these changes, all the BM-biochar-modified glassy carbon electrodes (BM-biochar/GCEs) exhibited prominent electrochemical properties (e.g., ΔEp of 119-254 mV compared to 850 mV for bare GCE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show that ball-milled 600 °C biochar/GCE (BMBB600/GCE and BMBG600/GCE) had the smallest peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp = 119 and 132 mV, respectively), series resistance (RS = 88.7 and 89.5 Ω, respectively), and charge transfer resistance (RCT = 1224 and 1382 Ω, respectively), implying its best electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of Fe(CN)63-. It is supposed that the special structure (i.e., internal surface area, pore volume, oxygen-containing functional groups, and graphitic structure) facilitates the electron transfer and reduces interface resistance. Economic cost of BM-biochar/GCE was 1.97 × 10-7 USD/cm2, much lower than that of a "low-cost platinum electrode" (0.03 USD/cm2). The results indicate potential application of the novel BM-biochar for low cost and high efficient electrodes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Hualan Design and Consulting Group Co. Ltd., Nanning, 530011, China
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Rahman NA, Abu Hanifah S, Mobarak NN, Su’ait MS, Ahmad A, Shyuan LK, Khoon LT. Synthesis and characterizations of o-nitrochitosan based biopolymer electrolyte for electrochemical devices. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212066. [PMID: 30768616 PMCID: PMC6377118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past decade, much attention was focused on polysaccharide natural resources for various purposes. Throughout the works, several efforts were reported to prepare new function of chitosan by chemical modifications for renewable energy, such as fuel cell application. This paper focuses on synthesis of the chitosan derivative, namely, O-nitrochitosan which was synthesized at various compositions of sodium hydroxide and reacted with nitric acid fume. Its potential as biopolymer electrolytes was studied. The substitution of nitro group was analyzed by using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Elemental Analysis (CHNS). The structure was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and its thermal properties were examined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Whereas, the ionic conductivity of the samples was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From the IR spectrum results, the nitro group peaks of O-nitrochitosan, positioned at 1646 and 1355 cm-1, were clearly seen for all pH media. At pH 6, O-nitrochitosan exhibited the highest degree of substitution at 0.74 when analyzed by CHNS analysis and NMR further proved that C-6 of glucosamine ring was shifted to the higher field. However, the thermal stability and glass transition temperatures were decreased with acidic condition. The highest ionic conductivity of O-nitrochitosan was obtained at ~10−6 cm-1. Overall, the electrochemical property of new O-nitrochitosan showed a good improvement as compared to chitosan and other chitosan derivatives. Hence, O-nitrochitosan is a promising biopolymer electrolyte and has the potential to be applied in electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriah Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Abu Hanifah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SAH); (LTK)
| | - Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sukor Su’ait
- Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Loh Kee Shyuan
- Fuel Cell Institute (FCI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Lee Tian Khoon
- Fuel Cell Institute (FCI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SAH); (LTK)
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Abstract
There are currently no standardized methods for assessing fracture healing, with physicians relying on X-rays which are only useful at later stages of repair. Using in vivo mouse fracture models, we present the first evidence that microscale instrumented implants provide a route for post-operative fracture monitoring, utilizing electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to track the healing tissue with high sensitivity. In this study, we fixed mouse long bone fractures with external fixators and bone plates. EIS measurements taken across two microelectrodes within the fracture gap were able to track longitudinal differences between individual mice with good versus poor healing. We additionally present an equivalent circuit model that combines the EIS data to classify fracture repair states. Lastly, we show that EIS measurements strongly correlated with standard quantitative µCT values and that these correlations validate clinically-relevant operating frequencies for implementation of this technique. These results demonstrate that EIS can be integrated into current fracture management strategies such as bone plating, providing physicians with quantitative information about the state of fracture repair to guide clinical decision-making for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Diane Hu
- UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Meir Marmor
- UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Safa T Herfat
- UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Michel M Maharbiz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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15
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van der Helm MW, Henry OYF, Bein A, Hamkins-Indik T, Cronce MJ, Leineweber WD, Odijk M, van der Meer AD, Eijkel JCT, Ingber DE, van den Berg A, Segerink LI. Non-invasive sensing of transepithelial barrier function and tissue differentiation in organs-on-chips using impedance spectroscopy. Lab Chip 2019; 19:452-463. [PMID: 30632575 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe methods for combining impedance spectroscopy measurements with electrical simulation to reveal transepithelial barrier function and tissue structure of human intestinal epithelium cultured inside an organ-on-chip microfluidic culture device. When performing impedance spectroscopy measurements, electrical simulation enabled normalization of cell layer resistance of epithelium cultured statically in a gut-on-a-chip, which enabled determination of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values that can be compared across device platforms. During culture under dynamic flow, the formation of intestinal villi was accompanied by characteristic changes in impedance spectra both measured experimentally and verified with simulation, and we demonstrate that changes in cell layer capacitance may serve as measures of villi differentiation. This method for combining impedance spectroscopy with simulation can be adapted to better monitor cell layer characteristics within any organ-on-chip in vitro and to enable direct quantitative TEER comparisons between organ-on-chip platforms which should help to advance research on organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinke W van der Helm
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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16
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Gardner H, Lai CT, Ward L, Geddes D. Changes in R0/R∞ ratio and membrane capacitance are associated with milk removal from the breast. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208650. [PMID: 30532278 PMCID: PMC6286007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived low milk supply is a common reason for introducing supplementary feeds, which in turn serves to further diminish the milk supply. Current methods of measuring milk production and milk transfer from the breast to the infant are inaccessible to the mothers. There is a need for an inexpensive, portable device to enable mothers to measure milk transfer to either confirm their milk production is adequate or identify breastfeeding issues early. The aim of this study was to examine changes in bioimpedance spectroscopy associated with milk removal from the human lactating breast using an electric breast pump. Thirty lactating women participated in 2 research sessions performed in random order over 2 weeks. Milk flow rate and volume were measured during pumping. All mothers completed 24-hour milk profiles. Breasts were monitored using bioimpedance spectroscopy. Analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models to investigate the relationship between both proportional change in membrane capacitance (Cm) and R0/R∞ with milk removal. There was an inverse relationship between R0/R∞ and milk removed (p<0.001). A positive relationship was also observed between Cm and both volume of milk removed (P<0.001) and percentage of available milk removed (p<0.001). This study has shown that changes in bioimpedance are related to the volume of milk removed from the breast during pumping. This modality may hold promise for the measurement of the effectiveness of the breastfeeding infant in removing milk from the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Gardner
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leigh Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donna Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Widdershoven F, Cossettini A, Laborde C, Bandiziol A, van Swinderen PP, Lemay SG, Selmi L. A CMOS Pixelated Nanocapacitor Biosensor Platform for High-Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy and Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2018; 12:1369-1382. [PMID: 30059320 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2861558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the realization of a fully electronic label-free temperature-controlled biosensing platform aimed to overcome the Debye screening limit over a wide range of electrolyte salt concentrations. It is based on an improved version of a 90-nm CMOS-integrated circuit featuring a nanocapacitor array, readout and A/D conversion circuitry, and a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based interface board with NIOS II soft processor. We describe chip's processing, mounting, microfluidics, temperature control system, as well as the calibration and compensation procedures to reduce systematic errors, which altogether make up a complete quantitative sensor platform. Capacitance spectra recorded up to 70 MHz are shown and successfully compared to predictions by finite element method (FEM) numerical simulations in the Poisson-Drift-Diffusion formalism. They demonstrate the ability of the chip to reach high upper frequency of operation, thus overcoming the low-frequency Debye screening limit at nearly physiological salt concentrations in the electrolyte, and allowing for detection of events occurring beyond the extent of the electrical double layer. Furthermore, calibrated multifrequency measurements enable quantitative recording of capacitance spectra, whose features can reveal new properties of the analytes. The scalability of the electrode dimensions, interelectrode pitch, and size of the array make this sensing approach of quite general applicability, even in a non-bio context (e.g., gas sensing).
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Sylvain M, Lehoux F, Morency S, Faucher F, Bharucha E, Tremblay DM, Raymond F, Sarrazin D, Moineau S, Allard M, Corbeil J, Messaddeq Y, Gosselin B. The EcoChip: A Wireless Multi-Sensor Platform for Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2018; 12:1289-1300. [PMID: 30387742 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2878404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the EcoChip, a new system based on the state-of-the-art electro-chemical impedance (EIS) technologies allowing the growth of single strain organisms isolated from northern habitats. This portable system is a complete and autonomous wireless platform designed to monitor and cultivate microorganisms directly sampled from their natural environment, particularly from harsh northern environments. Using 96-well plates, the EcoChip can be used in the field for real-time monitoring of bacterial growth. Manufactured with high-quality electronic components, this new EIS monitoring system is designed to function at a low excitation voltage signal to avoid damaging the cultured cells. The high-precision calibration network leads to high-precision results, even in the most limiting contexts. Luminosity, humidity, and temperature can also be monitored with the addition of appropriate sensors. Access to robust data storage systems and power supplies is an obvious limitation for northern research. That is why the EcoChip is equipped with a flash memory that can store data over long periods of time. To resolve the power issue, a low-power micro-controller and a power management unit control and supply all electronic building blocks. Data stored in the EcoChip's flash memory can be transmitted through a transceiver whenever a receiver is located within the functional transmission range. In this paper, we present the measured performance of the system, along with results from laboratory tests in vitro and from two field tests. The EcoChip has been utilized to collect bio-environemental data in the field from the northern soils and ecosystems of Kuujjuarapik and Puvirnituq, during two expeditions, in 2017 and 2018, respectively. We show that the EcoChip can effectively carry out EIS analyses over an excitation frequency ranging from 750 Hz to 10 kHz with an accuracy of 2.35%. The overall power consumption of the system was 140.4 mW in normal operating mode and 81 μW in sleep mode. The proper development of the isolated bacteria was confirmed through deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, indicating that bacteria thrive in the EcoChip's culture wells while the growing conditions are successfully gathered and stored.
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19
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Viswam V, Bounik R, Shadmani A. Impedance Spectroscopy and Electrophysiological Imaging of Cells With a High-Density CMOS Microelectrode Array System. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2018; 12:1356-1368. [PMID: 30418922 PMCID: PMC6330095 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2881044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A monolithic multi-functional CMOS microelectrode array system was developed that enables label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of cells in vitro at high spatiotemporal resolution. The electrode array includes 59,760 platinum microelectrodes, densely packed within a 4.5 mm × 2.5 mm sensing region at a pitch of 13.5 μm. A total of 32 on-chip lock-in amplifiers can be used to measure the impedance of any arbitrarily chosen subset of electrodes in the array. A sinusoidal voltage, generated by an on-chip waveform generator with a frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz, was applied to the reference electrode. The sensing currents through the selected recording electrodes were amplified, demodulated, filtered, and digitized to obtain the magnitude and phase information of the respective impedances. The circuitry consumes only 412 μW at 3.3 V supply voltage and occupies only 0.1 mm2, for each channel. The system also included 2048 extracellular action-potential recording channels on the same chip. Proof of concept measurements of electrical impedance imaging and electrophysiology recording of cardiac cells and brain slices are demonstrated in this paper. Optical and impedance images showed a strong correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswam
- (phone: +41 61 387 33 54; fax: +41 61 387 39 94; )
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20
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Holland I, McCormick C, Connolly P. Towards non-invasive characterisation of coronary stent re-endothelialisation - An in-vitro, electrical impedance study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206758. [PMID: 30395632 PMCID: PMC6218196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The permanent implantation of a stent has become the most common method for ameliorating coronary artery narrowing arising from atherosclerosis. Following the procedure, optimal arterial wall healing is characterised by the complete regrowth of an Endothelial Cell monolayer over the exposed stent surface and surrounding tissue, thereby reducing the risk of thrombosis. However, excessive proliferation of Smooth Muscle Cells, within the artery wall can lead to unwanted renarrowing of the vessel lumen. Current imaging techniques are unable to adequately identify re-endothelialisation, and it has previously been reported that the stent itself could be used as an electrode in combination with electrical impedance spectroscopic techniques to monitor the post-stenting recovery phase. The utility of such a device will be determined by its ability to characterise between vascular cell types. Here we present in-vitro impedance spectroscopy measurements of pulmonary artery porcine Endothelial Cells, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and coronary artery porcine Smooth Muscle Cells grown to confluence over platinum black electrodes in clinically relevant populations. These measurements were obtained, using a bespoke impedance spectroscopy system that autonomously performed impedance sweeps in the 1kHz to 100kHz frequency range. Analysis of the reactance component of impedance revealed distinct frequency dependent profiles for each cell type with post confluence reactance declines in Endothelial Cell populations that have not been previously reported. Such profiles provide a means of non-invasively characterising between the cell types and give an indication that impedance spectroscopic techniques may enable the non-invasive characterisation of the arterial response to stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Holland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher McCormick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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21
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Kellner CP, Sauvageau E, Snyder KV, Fargen KM, Arthur AS, Turner RD, Alexandrov AV. The VITAL study and overall pooled analysis with the VIPS non-invasive stroke detection device. J Neurointerv Surg 2018; 10:1079-1084. [PMID: 29511114 PMCID: PMC6227797 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective triage of patients with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) to endovascular therapy capable centers may decrease time to treatment and improve outcome for these patients. Here we performed a derivation study to evaluate the accuracy of a portable, non-invasive, and easy to use severe stroke detector. METHODS The volumetric impedance phase shift spectroscopy (VIPS) device was used to assign a bioimpedance asymmetry score to 248 subjects across three cohorts, including 41 subjects presenting as acute stroke codes at a major comprehensive stroke center (CSC), 79 healthy volunteers, and 128 patients presenting to CSCs with a wide variety of brain pathology including additional stroke codes. Diagnostic parameters were calculated for the ability of the device to discern (1) severe stroke from minor stroke and (2) severe stroke from all other subjects. Patients with intracranial hardware were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS The VIPS device was able to differentiate severe stroke from minor strokes with a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI 83 to 98), specificity of 92% (95% CI 75 to 99), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.97). The device was able to differentiate severe stroke from all other subjects with a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI 83 to 98), specificity of 87% (95% CI 81 to 92), and an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.96). CONCLUSION The VIPS device is a portable, non-invasive, and easy to use tool that may aid in the detection of severe stroke, including ELVO, with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 92% in this derivation study. This device has the potential to improve the triage of patients suffering severe stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Sauvageau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth V Snyder
- University at Buffalo, Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kyle M Fargen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raymond D Turner
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Ruiz-Vargas A, Ivorra A, Arkwright JW. Design, Construction and Validation of an Electrical Impedance Probe with Contact Force and Temperature Sensors Suitable for in-vivo Measurements. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14818. [PMID: 30287842 PMCID: PMC6172255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements can be used for tissue characterization. These measurements can be performed in soft tissues by direct contact of a non-invasive probe consisting of two or four electrodes. The amount of force applied by users can be quite different, and the measurements can vary as a result. To compensate for this, we have built an electrical impedance probe (diameter 3.2 mm) with fibre optic contact-force and temperature sensors built in it. The different sensors of the probe were tested individually. The errors in magnitude and phase angle of the probe are <0.9% and <4°, respectively, for a 0.9% NaCl solution. The linear dynamic range of the force sensor was from 0 to 100 grams. An ex-vivo experiment on a section of proximal colon from a guinea-pig was performed. Twenty bioimpedance measurements were taken in a frequency range of 5 kHz to 1 MHz, while simultaneously recording the force applied. For an increase in contact pressure applied to tissue from 0 to 15.4 kPa, the maximum change in resistivity was 33% at 5 kHz and the minimum was 6.6% at 142 kHz. The probe is small enough to be introduced via the instrument port of an endoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ruiz-Vargas
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Antoni Ivorra
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John William Arkwright
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Qiang Y, Artoni P, Seo KJ, Culaclii S, Hogan V, Zhao X, Zhong Y, Han X, Wang PM, Lo YK, Li Y, Patel HA, Huang Y, Sambangi A, Chu JSV, Liu W, Fagiolini M, Fang H. Transparent arrays of bilayer-nanomesh microelectrodes for simultaneous electrophysiology and two-photon imaging in the brain. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat0626. [PMID: 30191176 PMCID: PMC6124910 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent microelectrode arrays have emerged as increasingly important tools for neuroscience by allowing simultaneous coupling of big and time-resolved electrophysiology data with optically measured, spatially and type resolved single neuron activity. Scaling down transparent electrodes to the length scale of a single neuron is challenging since conventional transparent conductors are limited by their capacitive electrode/electrolyte interface. In this study, we establish transparent microelectrode arrays with high performance, great biocompatibility, and comprehensive in vivo validations from a recently developed, bilayer-nanomesh material composite, where a metal layer and a low-impedance faradaic interfacial layer are stacked reliably together in a same transparent nanomesh pattern. Specifically, flexible arrays from 32 bilayer-nanomesh microelectrodes demonstrated near-unity yield with high uniformity, excellent biocompatibility, and great compatibility with state-of-the-art wireless recording and real-time artifact rejection system. The electrodes are highly scalable, with 130 kilohms at 1 kHz at 20 μm in diameter, comparable to the performance of microelectrodes in nontransparent Michigan arrays. The highly transparent, bilayer-nanomesh microelectrode arrays allowed in vivo two-photon imaging of single neurons in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex of awake mice, along with high-fidelity, simultaneous electrical recordings of visual-evoked activity, both in the multi-unit activity band and at lower frequencies by measuring the visual-evoked potential in the time domain. Together, these advances reveal the great potential of transparent arrays from bilayer-nanomesh microelectrodes for a broad range of utility in neuroscience and medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pietro Artoni
- Center for Life Science, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stanislav Culaclii
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Victoria Hogan
- Center for Life Science, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuanyi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yiding Zhong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xun Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Po-Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi-Kai Lo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yueming Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Henil A. Patel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yifu Huang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Abhijeet Sambangi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jung Soo V. Chu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wentai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michela Fagiolini
- Center for Life Science, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02120, USA
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Malsagova KA, Pleshakova TO, Kozlov AF, Shumov ID, Ilnitskii MA, Miakonkikh AV, Popov VP, Rudenko KV, Glukhov AV, Kupriyanov IN, Ivanova ND, Rogozhin AE, Archakov AI, Ivanov YD. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Deposition Quality of High-k Stack Protective Layer onto Nanowire FET Chips for Highly Sensitive miRNA Detection. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8:bios8030072. [PMID: 30060476 PMCID: PMC6164057 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Application of micro-Raman spectroscopy for the monitoring of quality of high-k (h-k) dielectric protective layer deposition onto the surface of a nanowire (NW) chip has been demonstrated. A NW chip based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures, protected with a layer of high-k dielectric ((h-k)-SOI-NW chip), has been employed for highly sensitive detection of microRNA (miRNA) associated with oncological diseases. The protective dielectric included a 2-nm-thick Al2O3 surface layer and a 8-nm-thick HfO2 layer, deposited onto a silicon SOI-NW chip. Such a chip had increased time stability upon operation in solution, as compared with an unprotected SOI-NW chip with native oxide. The (h-k)-SOI-NW biosensor has been employed for the detection of DNA oligonucleotide (oDNA), which is a synthetic analogue of miRNA-21 associated with oncological diseases. To provide biospecificity of the detection, the surface of (h-k)-SOI-NW chip was modified with oligonucleotide probe molecules (oDVA probes) complementary to the sequence of the target biomolecule. Concentration sensitivity of the (h-k)-SOI-NW biosensor at the level of DL~10−16 M has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey F Kozlov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Ivan D Shumov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Mikhail A Ilnitskii
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Andrew V Miakonkikh
- Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia.
| | - Vladimir P Popov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Rudenko
- Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Glukhov
- Joint-Stock Company "Novosibirsk Plant of Semiconductor Devices & DC", Novosibirsk 630082, Russia.
| | - Igor N Kupriyanov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nina D Ivanova
- Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia.
| | - Alexander E Rogozhin
- Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia.
| | | | - Yuri D Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), Moscow 119121, Russia.
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Kwasny D, Tehrani SE, Almeida C, Schjødt I, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE. Direct Detection of Candida albicans with a Membrane Based Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18072214. [PMID: 29996525 PMCID: PMC6069365 DOI: 10.3390/s18072214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Candidemia and invasive candidiasis is a cause of high mortality and morbidity rates among hospitalized patients worldwide. The occurrence of the infections increases due to the complexity of the patients and overuse of the antifungal therapy. The current Candida detection method includes blood culturing which is a lengthy procedure and thus delays the administration of the antifungal therapy. Even though the results are available after 48 h it is still the gold standard in pathogen detection in a hospital setting. In this work we present an electrochemical impedance sensor that is capable of detecting Candida albicans yeast. The yeast cells are captured on electrodes specifically functionalized with anti-Candida antibodies and detection is achieved by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor allows for detection of the yeast cells at clinically relevant concentrations in less than 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kwasny
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, rsteds Plads, Building 345 B, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sheida Esmail Tehrani
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, rsteds Plads, Building 345 B, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, rsteds Plads, Building 345 B, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ida Schjødt
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maria Dimaki
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, rsteds Plads, Building 345 B, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Winnie E Svendsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, rsteds Plads, Building 345 B, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Chien JC, Ameri A, Yeh EC, Killilea AN, Anwar M, Niknejad AM. A high-throughput flow cytometry-on-a-CMOS platform for single-cell dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2065-2076. [PMID: 29872834 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a microfluidics-integrated label-free flow cytometry-on-a-CMOS platform for the characterization of the cytoplasm dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Compared with MHz impedance cytometers, operating at GHz frequencies offers direct intracellular permittivity probing due to electric fields penetrating through the cellular membrane. To overcome the detection challenges at high frequencies, the spectrometer employs on-chip oscillator-based sensors, which embeds simultaneous frequency generation, electrode excitation, and signal detection capabilities. By employing an injection-locking phase-detection technique, the spectrometer offers state-of-the-art sensitivity, achieving a less than 1 aFrms capacitance detection limit (or 5 ppm in frequency-shift) at a 100 kHz noise filtering bandwidth, enabling high throughput (>1k cells per s), with a measured cellular SNR of more than 28 dB. With CMOS/microfluidics co-design, we distribute four sensing channels at 6.5, 11, 17.5, and 30 GHz in an arrayed format whereas the frequencies are selected to center around the water relaxation frequency at 18 GHz. An issue in the integration of CMOS and microfluidics due to size mismatch is also addressed through introducing a cost-efficient epoxy-molding technique. With 3-D hydrodynamic focusing microfluidics, we perform characterization on four different cell lines including two breast cell lines (MCF-10A and MDA-MB-231) and two leukocyte cell lines (K-562 and THP-1). After normalizing the higher frequency signals to the 6.5 GHz ones, the size-independent dielectric opacity shows a differentiable distribution at 17.5 GHz between normal (0.905 ± 0.160, mean ± std.) and highly metastatic (1.033 ± 0.107) breast cells with p ≪ 0.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chau Chien
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Zhang R, Wei M, Chen S, Li G, Zhang F, Yang N, Huang L. A cell viability assessment method based on area-normalized impedance spectrum (ANIS). Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 110:193-200. [PMID: 29621718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impedance measurement of cells using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is widely accepted as an effective method to assess cell status. However, the sensitive frequency drifts over time with the changes of culture condition according to the built circuit model and experimental results. The area-normalized impedance spectrum (ANIS) method, which uses normalized area of impedance spectrum in a certain interval to assess cell viability, was proposed in this paper to solve the problem. The certain interval is calculated due to the threshold Zth, which is determined by 2% decline of the maximum impedance. Stabilities of two methods were analyzed by normalizing the area and impedance, showing that the normalized impedance fluctuated like a wave, while the normalized area was smoother. In addition, Cell Count Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was carried out proving that the correlation index of ANIS method increases by 2.4% compared with impedance sensing method, and the maximum error of ANIS method decreases by 4%. Comparison analysis of two methods with random measurement noise was also discussed in this paper, and the results showed that the ANIS method was less affected by measurement noise than impedance sensing method. It demonstrated that the ANIS method is a more stable and accurate method to assess cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbiao Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Mingji Wei
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuohuan Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoxiao Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Linkui Huang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Chin KB, Chi I, Pasalic J, Huang CK, Barge LM. An introductory study using impedance spectroscopy technique with polarizable microelectrode for amino acids characterization. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:045108. [PMID: 29716330 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Portable, low power, yet ultra-sensitive life detection instrumentations are vital to future astrobiology flight programs at NASA. In this study, initial attempts to characterize amino acids in an aqueous environment by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using polarizable (blocking) electrodes in order to establish a means of detection via their electrical properties. Seven amino acids were chosen due to their scientific importance in demonstrating sensitivity levels in the range of part per billion concentration. Albeit more challenging in real systems of analyst mixtures, we found individual amino acids in aqueous environment do exhibit some degree of chemical and physical uniqueness to warrant characterization by EIS. The polar amino acids (Asp, Glu, and His) exhibited higher electrochemical activity than the non-polar amino acids (Ala, Gly, Val, and Leu). The non-polar amino acids (Gly and Ala) also exhibited unique electrical properties which appeared to be more dependent on physical characteristics such as molecular weight and structure. At concentrations above 1 mM where the amino acids play a more dominant transport role within the water, the conductivity was found to be more sensitive to concentrations. At lower concentrations <1 mM, however, the polar amino acid solution conductivity remained constant, suggesting poor chemical activity with water. As revealed by equivalent circuit modeling, the relaxation times showed a 1-2 order of magnitude difference between polar and non-polar amino acids. The pseudo-capacitance from EIS measurements on sample mixtures containing salt water and individual amino acids revealed the possibility for improvement in amino acid selectivity using gold nanoporous surface enhanced electrodes. This work establishes important methodologies for characterizing amino acids using EIS combined with microscale electrodes, supporting the case for instrumentation development for life detection and origin of life programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Chin
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - I Chi
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Pasalic
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - C-K Huang
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Laura M Barge
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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29
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Malkoc A, Probst D, Lin C, Khanwalker M, Beck C, Cook CB, La Belle JT. Enhancing Glycemic Control via Detection of Insulin Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017; 11:930-935. [PMID: 28299957 PMCID: PMC5950988 DOI: 10.1177/1932296817699639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, glycemic management for individuals with diabetes mellitus involves monitoring glucose only, which is insufficient as glucose metabolism involves other biomarkers such as insulin. Monitoring additional biomarkers alongside glucose has been proposed to improve glycemic control. In this work, the development of a rapid and label-free insulin biosensor with high sensitivity and accuracy is presented. The insulin sensor prototype also serves as a prior study for a multimarker sensing platform technology that can further improve glycemic control in the future. METHODS Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to identify an optimal frequency specific to insulin detection on a gold disk electrode with insulin antibody immobilized, which was accomplished by conjugating the primary amines of insulin antibody to the carboxylic bond of the self-assembling monolayer on the gold surface. After blocking with ethanolamine, the insulin physiological concentration gradient was tested. The imaginary impedance was correlated to insulin concentration and the results were compared with standard equivalent circuit analysis and correlation of charge transfer resistance to target concentration. RESULTS The optimal frequency of insulin is 810.5 Hz, which is characterized by having the highest sensitivity and sufficient specificity. The lower limit of detection was 2.26 [Formula: see text] which is comparable to a standard and better than traditional approaches. CONCLUSION An insulin biosensor prototype capable of detecting insulin in physiological range without complex data normalization was developed. This prototype will be the ground works of a multimarker platform sensor technology for future all-in-one glycemic management sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldin Malkoc
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David Probst
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mukund Khanwalker
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Connor Beck
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey T. La Belle
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While the excisional biopsy and histological examination of suspicious lesions remains the current gold standard for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma (CM), there is a demand for more objective and non-invasive examination methods that may support clinicians in their decision when to biopsy or not. METHODS This review is based on publications and guidelines retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and MEDLINE and focused on non-invasive diagnostic strategies for detecting melanoma. RESULTS Ten different non-invasive techniques were compared with regard to applicability, status of development, and resources necessary for introduction into clinical routine (dermoscopy, sequential digital dermoscopy, total body photography, computer-aided multispectral digital analysis, electrical impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, multiphoton tomography, stepwise two-photon-laser spectroscopy, quantitative dynamic infrared imaging). In an effort to create a classification based on our analyses, we suggest to differentiate i) tools for screening of patients in daily clinical routine, ii) tools for examination of a restricted number of preselected lesions that produce an automated diagnostic score, iii) tools for examination of a restricted number of preselected lesions at specialized centers requiring extensive training, iv) devices at an experimental stage of development. CONCLUSION None of the discussed examination techniques is able to provide a definite and final diagnosis or to completely replace the histopathological examination. Up to date, the need for fully automated devices offering a complete skin cancer screening has not been satisfied.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H A Haenssle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Buchmann J, Guggenheim J, Zhang E, Scharfenorth C, Spannekrebs B, Villringer C, Laufer J. Characterization and modeling of Fabry-Perot ultrasound sensors with hard dielectric mirrors for photoacoustic imaging. Appl Opt 2017; 56:5039-5046. [PMID: 29047652 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A Fabry-Perot ultrasound sensor with nonhygroscopic dielectric mirrors made out of Ta2O5 and SiO2 for use in photoacoustic tomography is described. The sensor offers flat frequency response up to 36 MHz, low noise-equivalent pressure (70 Pa), and near-omnidirectional response up to 20 MHz as well as optical transparency for near-infrared illumination. A numerical model was developed to predict its frequency response, and the results were validated experimentally. An image of the human palm was acquired to demonstrate in vivo imaging capabilities.
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Abstract
An impedance spectroscopy-based cell/particle position detection method in microfluidic systems is presented. A single pair of non-parallel surface microelectrodes was utilized to detect the transverse positions of particles/cells flowing in a microchannel without the need for a multi-electrode multi-channel impedance detection. This method can be a simple solution for high-throughput and low-cost position detection in microfluidic sorting and separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - N Sobahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - A Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA and Center for Remote Healthcare Technology and Systems (CRHTS), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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33
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Valente V, Demosthenous A. Dual-mode CMOS analog front-end (AFE) for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) systems. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:1914-1917. [PMID: 28268701 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the operation of a dual-mode wideband CMOS analog front-end (AFE) for electrical impedance spectroscopy. The chip combines two current-readout (CR) channels and four voltage-readout (VR) channels suitable for both bipolar and tetrapolar EIS analysis. The chip addresses the need for flexible readout units for real-time simultaneous single-cell and large scale tissue/organ analysis. Postlayout simulations show that the VR channel is capable of wideband operation up to 12 MHz with noise floor as low as 16.4 nV/Hz1/2. A 2-bit control allows to select between a high-frequency low-gain channel and a bandwidth-limited high-gain channel. Each VR channel occupies an area of 0.48 mm2. The CR channel is capable of 80 dB of dynamic range, by converting currents between 1 nA to 10μA, while achieving a noise floor of 1.4 pA/Hz1/2. An automatic gain control (AGC) unit can be enabled in order maintain the sensor signal within the ADC dynamic range. Each CR channel occupies an area of 0.21 mm2. The chip consumes between 290 μA and 690 μA per channel and operates from a 1.8 V supply. The chip will be part of a fully flexible and configurable dual-mode EIS systems for impedance sensors and bioimpedance analysis.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have the ability to function as bio-recognition elements in the detection of bacteria. For instance, we showed that Leucocin A, an antimicrobial peptide from class IIa bacteriocins, binds gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes with higher affinity than other gram-positive bacteria like S. aureus, L. innocua, and E. faecalis. The binding was detected using impedance spectroscopy when Leucocin A immobilized on impedance electrodes binds bacteria from a sample. Here we highlight the strength of utilizing Leucocin A as a bio-recognition probe in biosensor platforms and provide details on its application in real-time bacterial detection using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A simple new generation impedance array analyzer is utilized that works at very low frequencies to identify interactions between peptide and the target bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Etayash
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E1
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E1.
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Chapman University, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618-1908, USA.
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Pereira TC, Conceição CAF, Khan A, Fernandes RMT, Ferreira MS, Marques EP, Marques ALB. Application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: A phase behavior study of babassu biodiesel-based microemulsions. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 168:60-64. [PMID: 27276278 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable systems of two immiscible liquids, one aqueous and the other of organic nature, with a surfactant and/or co-surfactant adsorbed in the interface between the two phases. Biodiesel-based microemulsions, consisting of alkyl esters of fatty acids, open a new means of analysis for the application of electroanalytical techniques, and is advantageous as it eliminates the required pre-treatment of a sample. In this work, the phase behaviours of biodiesel-based microemulsions were investigated through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. We observed thatan increase in the amount of biodiesel in the microemulsion formulation increases the resistance to charge transfer at the interface. Also, the electrical conductivity measurements revealed that a decrease or increase in electrical properties depends on the amount of biodiesel. EIS studies of the biodiesel-based microemulsion samples showed the presence of two capacitive arcs: one high-frequency and the other low-frequency. Thus, the formulation of microemulsions plays an important role in estimating the electrical properties through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulio C Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Conceição
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Alamgir Khan
- Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65055-970 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Raquel M T Fernandes
- Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65055-970 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maira S Ferreira
- Coordenação de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Edmar P Marques
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Aldaléa L B Marques
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Liao A, Lin MC, Ritz LC, Swisher SL, Ni D, Mann K, Khan Y, Roy S, Harrison MR, Arias AC, Subramanian V, Young D, Maharbiz MM. Impedance sensing device for monitoring ulcer healing in human patients. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:5130-3. [PMID: 26737446 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic skin wounds affect millions of people each year and take billions of dollars to treat. Ulcers are a type of chronic skin wound that can be especially painful for patients and are tricky to treat because current monitoring solutions are subjective. We have developed an impedance sensing tool to objectively monitor the progression of healing in ulcers, and have begun a clinical trial to evaluate the safety and feasibility of our device to map damaged regions of skin. Impedance data has been collected on five patients with ulcers, and impedance was found to correlate with tissue health. A damage threshold was applied to effectively identify certain regions of skin as "damaged tissue".
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Maji D, Suster MA, Stavrou E, Gurkan UA, Mohseni P. Monitoring time course of human whole blood coagulation using a microfluidic dielectric sensor with a 3D capacitive structure. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:5904-7. [PMID: 26737635 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and testing of a microfluidic sensor for dielectric spectroscopy (DS) of human whole blood during coagulation. The sensor employs a three-dimensional (3D), parallel-plate, capacitive sensing structure with a floating electrode integrated into a microfluidic channel. Using an impedance analyzer and after a 5-point calibration, the sensor is shown to measure the real part of complex relative dielectric permittivity of human whole blood in a frequency range of 10kHz to 100MHz. The temporal variation of dielectric permittivity at 1MHz for human whole blood from three different healthy donors shows a peak in permittivity at ~ 4 to 5 minutes, which also corresponds to the onset of CaCl2-initiated coagulation of the blood sample verified visually.
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Dixon JM, Renshaw L, Young O, Kulkarni D, Saleem T, Sarfaty M, Sreenivasan R, Kusnick C, Thomas J, Williams LJ. Intra-operative assessment of excised breast tumour margins using ClearEdge imaging device. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 42:1834-1840. [PMID: 27591938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast conserving surgery (BCS) aims to remove a breast cancer completely and obtain clear margins. Complete excision is essential to reduce the risk of local recurrence. The ClearEdge™ (CE) imaging device examines margins of excised breast tissue intra-operatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the device in detecting margin involvement in patients having BCS. METHODS In Phase-1 58 patients underwent BCS and had 334 margins assessed by the device. In Phase-2 the device was used in 63 patients having BCS and 335 margins were assessed. Patients with margins considered close or involved by the CE device were re-excised. RESULTS The margin assessment accuracies in Phase-1 and Phase-2 compared to permanent section pathology were very similar: sensitivity (84.3% and 87.3%), specificity (81.9% and 75.6%), positive predictive value (67.2% and 63.6%), and negative predictive value (92.2% and 92.4%). The false positive rate (18.1% and 24.4%) and false negative rate (15.7% and 12.7%) were low in both phases. In Phase-2 re-excision rate was 37%, but in the 54 where the CE device was used appropriately the re-excision rate was 17%. Had all surgeons interpreted all images appropriately and re-excised margins detected as abnormal by the device in Phase-2 then the re-excision rate would have been 7%. CONCLUSION This study shows that the CE device has potential to reduce re-excision after BCS and further randomized studies of its value are warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/complications
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Dielectric Spectroscopy/instrumentation
- Dielectric Spectroscopy/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Intraoperative Period
- Male
- Margins of Excision
- Mastectomy, Segmental
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Predictive Value of Tests
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dixon
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Scotland, UK.
| | - L Renshaw
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - O Young
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - D Kulkarni
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - T Saleem
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | - J Thomas
- Pathology Department, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - L J Williams
- University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Scotland, UK
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Harder R, Diedrich A, Whitfield JS, Buchowski MS, Pietsch JB, Baudenbacher FJ. Smart Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Spectrometer for BIA and BIVA Applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2016; 10:912-919. [PMID: 26863670 PMCID: PMC4970917 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2015.2502538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a noninvasive and commonly used method for the assessment of body composition including body water. We designed a small, portable and wireless multi-frequency impedance spectrometer based on the 12 bit impedance network analyzer AD5933 and a precision wide-band constant current source for tetrapolar whole body impedance measurements. The impedance spectrometer communicates via Bluetooth with mobile devices (smart phone or tablet computer) that provide user interface for patient management and data visualization. The export of patient measurement results into a clinical research database facilitates the aggregation of bioelectrical impedance analysis and biolectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) data across multiple subjects and/or studies. The performance of the spectrometer was evaluated using a passive tissue equivalent circuit model as well as a comparison of body composition changes assessed with bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy volunteers. Our results show an absolute error of 1% for resistance and 5% for reactance measurements in the frequency range of 3 kHz to 150 kHz. A linear regression of BIA and DXA fat mass estimations showed a strong correlation (r(2)=0.985) between measures with a maximum absolute error of 6.5%. The simplicity of BIA measurements, a cost effective design and the simple visual representation of impedance data enables patients to compare and determine body composition during the time course of a specific treatment plan in a clinical or home environment.
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40
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Morais AP, Pino AV, Souza MN. Detection of questionable occlusal carious lesions using an electrical bioimpedance method with fractional electrical model. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:084305. [PMID: 27587136 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the diagnostic performance of an alternative electric bioimpedance spectroscopy technique (BIS-STEP) detect questionable occlusal carious lesions. Six specialists carried out the visual (V), radiography (R), and combined (VR) exams of 57 sound or non-cavitated occlusal carious lesion teeth classifying the occlusal surfaces in sound surface (H), enamel caries (EC), and dentinal caries (DC). Measurements were based on the current response to a step voltage excitation (BIS-STEP). A fractional electrical model was used to predict the current response in the time domain and to estimate the model parameters: Rs and Rp (resistive parameters), and C and α (fractional parameters). Histological analysis showed caries prevalence of 33.3% being 15.8% hidden caries. Combined examination obtained the best traditional diagnostic results with specificity = 59.0%, sensitivity = 70.9%, and accuracy = 60.8%. There were statistically significant differences in bioimpedance parameters between the H and EC groups (p = 0.016) and between the H and DC groups (Rs, p = 0.006; Rp, p = 0.022, and α, p = 0.041). Using a suitable threshold for the Rs, we obtained specificity = 60.7%, sensitivity = 77.9%, accuracy = 73.2%, and 100% of detection for deep lesions. It can be concluded that BIS-STEP method could be an important tool to improve the detection and management of occlusal non-cavitated primary caries and pigmented sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Morais
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A V Pino
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M N Souza
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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41
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Dolatsha N, Arbabian A. Extracting dielectric spectroscopic properties from microwave-induced thermoacoustic signals. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2016:3618-3621. [PMID: 28269078 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Available data on the dielectric properties of biological tissue across a frequency range adds an extra degree of freedom of contrast besides the baseline structural information obtained by conventional imaging techniques. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to non-invasively extract the normalized effective conductivity of samples over a large frequency range using microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) signals. Additionally, a calibration approach has been adopted to remove the frequency dependency of the experimental setup errors as well as the RF power variation. The linear relationship between the TA signal amplitude on the absorbed microwave power is used to extract the properties of samples. Saline phantoms with various concentration are used to mimic different tissue materials in the proof-of-concept experiment. The extracted normalized effective conductivity by the proposed method matches the theoretical calculations as well as the direct contact measurements by a dielectric probe.
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42
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Lin MC, Herfat ST, Bahney CS, Marmor M, Maharbiz MM. Impedance spectroscopy to monitor fracture healing. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:5138-41. [PMID: 26737448 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 7.9 million fracture injuries occur each year in the United States, of which a substantial fraction result in delayed or non-union. Current methods of monitoring fracture healing include taking x-rays and making clinical observations. However, x-ray confirmation of bone healing typically lags behind biologic healing, and physician assessment of healing is fraught with subjectivity. No standardized methods exist to assess the extent of healing that has taken place in a fracture. Without such knowledge, interventions to aid healing and prevent fracture non-union are often delayed, leading to increased morbidity and suffering to patients. We are developing an objective measurement tool that utilizes electrical impedance spectroscopy to distinguish between the various types of tissue present during the different stages of fracture healing. Preliminary measurements of cadaveric tissues reveal adequate spread in impedance measurements and differences in frequency response among different tissue types. Electrodes implanted in a simulated fracture created in an ex vivo cadaver model yield promising results for our system's ability to differentiate between the stages of fracture healing.
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43
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Constantinou L, Triantis IF, Hickey M, Kyriacou PA. On the merits of tetrapolar impedance spectroscopy for monitoring lithium concentration variations in human blood plasma. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:601-609. [PMID: 27214887 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2570125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bakhshiani M, Suster MA, Mohseni P. A 9 MHz-2.4 GHz Fully Integrated Transceiver IC for a Microfluidic-CMOS Platform Dedicated to Miniaturized Dielectric Spectroscopy. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2015; 9:849-861. [PMID: 26761883 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2015.2501816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a fully integrated transceiver IC as part of a self-sustained, microfluidic-CMOS platform for miniaturized dielectric spectroscopy (DS) from MHz to GHz. Fabricated in AMS 0.35 μm 2P/4M RF CMOS, the transmitter (TX) part of the IC generates a single-tone sinusoidal signal with frequency tunability in the range of ~ 9 MHz-2.4 GHz to excite a three-dimensional (3D), parallel-plate, capacitive sensor with a floating electrode and 9 μL microfluidic channel for sample delivery. With a material-under-test (MUT) loaded into the sensor, the receiver (RX) part of the IC employs broadband frequency response analysis (bFRA) methodology to measure the amplitude and phase of the RF excitation signal after transmission through the sensor. A one-time, 6-point sensor calibration algorithm then extracts both the real and imaginary parts of the MUT complex permittivity, ϵr, from IC measurements of the sensor transmission characteristics in the voltage domain. The "sensor + IC" is fully capable of differentiating among de-ionized (DI) water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and alcoholic beverages in tests conducted at four excitation frequencies of ∼ 50 MHz , 500 MHz, 1.5 GHz, and 2.4 GHz generated by the TX. Moreover, permittivity readings of PBS by the sensor interfaced with the IC at six excitation frequencies in the range of ~ 50 MHz-2.4 GHz are in excellent agreement (rms error of 1.7% (real) and 7.2% (imaginary)) with those from bulk-solution reference measurements by commercial benchtop equipment. The total power consumption of the IC is with 1.5 V (analog) and 3.3 V (digital) supplies.
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Abstract
We present the development of a high precision, tunable far-infrared (terahertz) frequency-domain dielectric spectrometer for studying the dynamics of biomolecules in aqueous solutions in the gigahertz-to-terahertz frequency. As an important benchmark system, we report on the measurements of the absorption and refractive index for liquid water in the frequency range from 5 GHz to 1.12 THz (0.17-37.36 cm(-1) or 0.268-60 mm). The system provides a coherent radiation source with power up to 20 mW in the gigahertz-to-terahertz region. The dynamic range of our instrument reaches 10(12) and the system achieves a spectral resolution of less than 100 Hz. The temperature of samples can be controlled precisely with error bars of ±0.02 °C from 0 °C to 90 °C. Given these attributes, our spectrometer provides unique capabilities for the accurate measurement of even very strongly absorbing materials such as aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu K George
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Ali Charkhesht
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - N Q Vinh
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Li Y, Zhai X, Liu X, Wang L, Liu H, Wang H. Electrochemical determination of bisphenol A at ordered mesoporous carbon modified nano-carbon ionic liquid paste electrode. Talanta 2015; 148:362-9. [PMID: 26653461 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple bisphenol A (BPA) sensor was successfully fabricated based on ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 modified nano-carbon ionic liquid paste electrode (CMK-3/nano-CILPE). The nanostructure of CMK-3 and the surface morphologies of modified electrodes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical properties of the fabricated electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The fabricated sensor displayed excellent electroactivity towards bisphenol A using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Experimental conditions influencing the analytical performance of the modified electrode were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to BPA concentration in the range from 0.2 μM to 150 μM with a detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N=3). This method was successfully used for determination of BPA leached from drinking bottle and plastic bag with good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Li
- Electrochemistry and spectroscopy analysis laboratory, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Xiurong Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Electrochemistry and spectroscopy analysis laboratory, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Herong Liu
- Electrochemistry and spectroscopy analysis laboratory, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, PR China.
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Bonakdar M, Latouche EL, Mahajan RL, Davalos RV. The Feasibility of a Smart Surgical Probe for Verification of IRE Treatments Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2674-84. [PMID: 26057529 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2441636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is gaining popularity as a focal ablation modality for the treatment of unresectable tumors. One clinical limitation of IRE is the absence of methods for real-time treatment evaluation, namely actively monitoring the dimensions of the induced lesion. This information is critical to ensure a complete treatment and minimize collateral damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. GOAL In this study, we are taking advantage of the biophysical properties of living tissues to address this critical demand. METHODS Using advanced microfabrication techniques, we have developed an electrical impedance microsensor to collect impedance data along the length of a bipolar IRE probe for treatment verification. For probe characterization and interpretation of the readings, we used potato tuber, which is a suitable platform for IRE experiments without having the complexities of in vivo or ex vivo models. We used the impedance spectra, along with an electrical model of the tissue, to obtain critical parameters such as the conductivity of the tissue before, during, and after completion of treatment. To validate our results, we used a finite element model to simulate the electric field distribution during treatments in each potato. RESULTS It is shown that electrical impedance spectroscopy could be used as a technique for treatment verification, and when combined with appropriate FEM modeling can determine the lesion dimensions. CONCLUSIONS This technique has the potential to be readily translated for use with other ablation modalities already being used in clinical settings for the treatment of malignancies.
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48
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Celinskis D, Towe BC. Wireless impedance measurements for monitoring peripheral vascular disease. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2014:6937-40. [PMID: 25571591 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6945223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wireless microdevices powered by ultrasound energy have been fabricated to measure and telemeter tissue impedance spectrums for applications in peripheral vascular disease monitoring. The system is characterized by simplicity of the implant consisting of only two electrical components. Ex vivo testing shows the potential for constructing tissue impedance spectrum plots over the range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz by a device less than 1 mm in diameter and 1 cm long. The neurostimulator microdevice was powered by continuous waveform 650 kHz ultrasound with a swept-frequency amplitude modulation. The system was operated at safe ultrasound power levels on the order of 10-100 mW/cm(2). The device proved to be sensitive and able to measure tissue impedances over a broad range. Volume conducted signals carrying impedance information from the microdevice were remotely detected by surface biopotential electrodes.
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Fernandez RE, Lebiga E, Koklu A, Sabuncu AC, Beskok A. Flexible Bioimpedance Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Cell Viability and Biomass. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:700-6. [PMID: 26415205 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2451594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a flexible microfluidic bioimpedance sensor that is capable of detecting biomass and cell viability variations in a cell suspension. The sensor is developed on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and is devoid of gold, silicon, PDMS, or glass. In conjugation with a custom built PCB read-out module, the impedance characteristics of a cell suspension can be measured within one minute of sample introduction using liquid volumes less than 5 μL. The portable sensor system occupies very little bench space and has the potential to be developed as a disposable electrical bioimpedance probe for rapid detection of dielectric variations in a biological suspension. The sensor is designed to generate a differential impedance spectra exclusive to a cell suspension with a dual-electrode-pair system. The potential of the sensor to discriminate between live and heat treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae is demonstrated in this study. The disposable sensor along with the distance variation technique is touted to be an inexpensive alternative to some of the existing online disposable biomass detection probes and electrochemical sensors.
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Settu K, Liu JT, Chen CJ, Tsai JZ, Chang SJ. Concept for E.coli detection using interdigitated microelectrode impedance sensor. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2013:1712-5. [PMID: 24110036 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the concept to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at interdigitated microelectrode. Interdigitated microelectrode structures was designed and fabricated, with glass as substrate material and gold electrodes. The performance of the sensors was studied by measuring the capacitance in air and impedance spectra in DI water. The feasibility of the fabricated sensor for detecting different concentrations of Escherichia coli in water was demonstrated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed as the detection technique. The impedance based response significant change for different E.coli concentrations in the frequency range between 1 kHz to 100 kHz.
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