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Srivastava K, Jacobs TS, Ostendorp S, Jonker D, Brzesowsky FA, Susarrey-Arce A, Gardeniers H, Wilde G, Weckhuysen BM, van den Berg A, van der Stam W, Odijk M. Alternative nano-lithographic tools for shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. Nanoscale 2024; 16:7582-7593. [PMID: 38506088 PMCID: PMC11025715 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00428k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Chemically synthesized metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for monitoring catalytic reactions. In some applications, however, the SERS MNPs, besides being plasmonically active, can also be catalytically active and result in Raman signals from undesired side products. The MNPs are typically insulated with a thin (∼3 nm), in principle pin-hole-free shell to prevent this. This approach, which is known as shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), offers many advantages, such as better thermal and chemical stability of the plasmonic nanoparticle. However, having both a high enhancement factor and ensuring that the shell is pin-hole-free is challenging because there is a trade-off between the two when considering the shell thickness. So far in the literature, shell insulation has been successfully applied only to chemically synthesized MNPs. In this work, we alternatively study different combinations of chemical synthesis (bottom-up) and lithographic (top-down) routes to obtain shell-isolated plasmonic nanostructures that offer chemical sensing capabilities. The three approaches we study in this work include (1) chemically synthesized MNPs + chemical shell, (2) lithographic substrate + chemical shell, and (3) lithographic substrate + atomic layer deposition (ALD) shell. We find that ALD allows us to fabricate controllable and reproducible pin-hole-free shells. We showcase the ability to fabricate lithographic SHINER substrates which report an enhancement factor of 7.5 × 103 ± 17% for our gold nanodot substrates coated with a 2.8 nm aluminium oxide shell. Lastly, by introducing a gold etchant solution to our fabricated SHINER substrate, we verified that the shells fabricated with ALD are truly pin-hole-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Srivastava
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Thimo S Jacobs
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Dirk Jonker
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Floor A Brzesowsky
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wilde
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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2
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Yang R, Deng Y, Xie S, Liu M, Zou Y, Qian T, An Q, Chen J, Shen S, van den Berg A, Zhang M, Shui L. Controllable ingestion and release of guest components driven by interfacial molecular orientation of host liquid crystal droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:557-566. [PMID: 37607418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Controllable construction and manipulation of artificial multi-compartmental structures are crucial in understanding and imitating smart molecular elements such as biological cells and on-demand delivery systems. Here, we report a liquid crystal droplet (LCD) based three-dimensional system for controllable and reversible ingestion and release of guest aqueous droplets (GADs). Induced by interfacial thermodynamic fluctuation and internal topological defect, microscale LCDs with perpendicular anchoring condition at the interface would spontaneously ingest external components from the surroundings and transform them as radially assembled tiny GADs inside LCDs. Landau-de Gennes free-energy model is applied to describe and explain the assembly dynamics and morphologies of these tiny GADs, which presents a good agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, the release of these ingested GADs can be actively triggered by changing the anchoring conditions at the interface of LCDs. Since those ingestion and release processes are controllable and happen very gently at room temperature and neutral pH environment without extra energy input, these microscale LCDs are very prospective to provide a unique and viable route for constructing hierarchical 3D structures with tunable components and compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yueming Deng
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuting Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiying Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiezheng Qian
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi An
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shitao Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, AE, Enschede 7500, the Netherlands
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lingling Shui
- Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems (LOTS), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Cuartas-Vélez C, Middelkamp HHT, van der Meer AD, van den Berg A, Bosschaart N. Tracking the dynamics of thrombus formation in a blood vessel-on-chip with visible-light optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:5642-5655. [PMID: 38021142 PMCID: PMC10659801 DOI: 10.1364/boe.500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Thrombus formation is a physiological response to damage in a blood vessel that relies on a complex interplay of platelets, coagulation factors, immune cells, and the vessel wall. The dynamics of thrombus formation are essential for a deeper understanding of many disease processes, like bleeding, wound healing, and thrombosis. However, monitoring thrombus formation is challenging due to the limited imaging options available to analyze flowing blood. In this work, we use a visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) system to monitor the dynamic process of the formation of thrombi in a microfluidic blood vessel-on-chip (VoC) device. Inside the VoC, thrombi form in a channel lined with a monolayer of endothelial cells and perfused by human whole blood. We show that the correlation of the vis-OCT signal can be utilized as a marker for thrombus formation. By thresholding the correlation during thrombus formation, we track and quantify the growth of the thrombi over time. We validate our results with fluorescence microscopic imaging of fibrin and platelet markers at the end of the blood perfusion assay. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the correlation of the vis-OCT signal can be used to visualize both the spatial and temporal behavior of the thrombus formation in flowing human whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuartas-Vélez
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen H. T. Middelkamp
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Bosschaart
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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4
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Azuaje-Hualde E, Komen J, Alonso-Cabrera JA, van den Berg A, de Pancorbo MM, van der Meer AD, Benito-Lopez F, Basabe-Desmonts L. Cell Patterning Technology on Polymethyl Methacrylate through Controlled Physicochemical and Biochemical Functionalization. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:904. [PMID: 37887097 PMCID: PMC10604931 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, innovative cell-based biosensing systems have been developed, showing impact in healthcare and life science research. Now, there is a need to design mass-production processes to enable their commercialization and reach society. However, current protocols for their fabrication employ materials that are not optimal for industrial production, and their preparation requires several chemical coating steps, resulting in cumbersome protocols. We have developed a simplified two-step method for generating controlled cell patterns on PMMA, a durable and transparent material frequently employed in the mass manufacturing of microfluidic devices. It involves air plasma and microcontact printing. This approach allows the formation of well-defined cell arrays on PMMA without the need for blocking agents to define the patterns. Patterns of various adherent cell types in dozens of individual cell cultures, allowing the regulation of cell-material and cell-cell interactions, were developed. These cell patterns were integrated into a microfluidic device, and their viability for more than 20 h under controlled flow conditions was demonstrated. This work demonstrated the potential to adapt polymeric cytophobic materials to simple fabrication protocols of cell-based microsystems, leveraging the possibilities for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Azuaje-Hualde
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-C.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Job Komen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (J.K.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Juncal A. Alonso-Cabrera
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-C.)
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (J.K.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Marian M. de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-C.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, María Díaz Haroko Kalea, 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Jonker D, Srivastava K, Lafuente M, Susarrey-Arce A, van der Stam W, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Gardeniers HJ. Low-Variance Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Confined Gold Nanoparticles over Silicon Nanocones. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:9657-9669. [PMID: 37325012 PMCID: PMC10262153 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are of utmost interest in the analyte detection of biological and chemical diagnostics. This is primarily due to the ability of SERS to sensitively measure analytes present in localized hot spots of the SERS nanostructures. In this work, we present the formation of 67 ± 6 nm diameter gold nanoparticles supported by vertically aligned shell-insulated silicon nanocones for ultralow variance SERS. The nanoparticles are obtained through discrete rotation glancing angle deposition of gold in an e-beam evaporating system. The morphology is assessed through focused ion beam tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties are discussed and evaluated through reflectance measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. Lastly, the SERS activity is measured by benzenethiol functionalization and subsequent Raman spectroscopy in the surface scanning mode. We report a homogeneous analytical enhancement factor of 2.2 ± 0.1 × 107 (99% confidence interval for N = 400 grid spots) and made a comparison to other lithographically derived assemblies used in SERS. The strikingly low variance (4%) of our substrates facilitates its use for many potential SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jonker
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ketki Srivastava
- BIOS,
MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Lafuente
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry
and Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS,
MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS,
MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han J.G.E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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6
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Rivera‐Arbeláez JM, Keekstra D, Cofiño‐Fabres C, Boonen T, Dostanic M, ten Den SA, Vermeul K, Mastrangeli M, van den Berg A, Segerink LI, Ribeiro MC, Strisciuglio N, Passier R. Automated assessment of human engineered heart tissues using deep learning and template matching for segmentation and tracking. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10513. [PMID: 37206226 PMCID: PMC10189437 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The high rate of drug withdrawal from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity or lack of efficacy, the economic burden, and extremely long time before a compound reaches the market, have increased the relevance of human in vitro models like human (patient-derived) pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived engineered heart tissues (EHTs) for the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of compounds at the early phase in the drug development pipeline. Consequently, the EHT contractile properties are highly relevant parameters for the analysis of cardiotoxicity, disease phenotype, and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function over time. In this study, we developed and validated the software HAARTA (Highly Accurate, Automatic and Robust Tracking Algorithm), which automatically analyzes contractile properties of EHTs by segmenting and tracking brightfield videos, using deep learning and template matching with sub-pixel precision. We demonstrate the robustness, accuracy, and computational efficiency of the software by comparing it to the state-of-the-art method (MUSCLEMOTION), and by testing it with a data set of EHTs from three different hPSC lines. HAARTA will facilitate standardized analysis of contractile properties of EHTs, which will be beneficial for in vitro drug screening and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rivera‐Arbeláez
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Danjel Keekstra
- Data Management & Biometrics (DMB) GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Carla Cofiño‐Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simone A. ten Den
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Kim Vermeul
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | - Nicola Strisciuglio
- Data Management & Biometrics (DMB) GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenthe Netherlands
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7
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Vollenbroek JC, Nieuwelink AE, Bomer JG, Tiggelaar RM, van den Berg A, Weckhuysen BM, Odijk M. Droplet microreactor for high-throughput fluorescence-based measurements of single catalyst particle acidity. Microsyst Nanoeng 2023; 9:39. [PMID: 37007606 PMCID: PMC10060574 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The particles of heterogeneous catalysts differ greatly in size, morphology, and most importantly, in activity. Studying these catalyst particles in batch typically results in ensemble averages, without any information at the level of individual catalyst particles. To date, the study of individual catalyst particles has been rewarding but is still rather slow and often cumbersome1. Furthermore, these valuable in-depth studies at the single particle level lack statistical relevance. Here, we report the development of a droplet microreactor for high-throughput fluorescence-based measurements of the acidities of individual particles in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) equilibrium catalysts (ECAT). This method combines systematic screening of single catalyst particles with statistical relevance. An oligomerization reaction of 4-methoxystyrene, catalyzed by the Brønsted acid sites inside the zeolite domains of the ECAT particles, was performed on-chip at 95 °C. The fluorescence signal generated by the reaction products inside the ECAT particles was detected near the outlet of the microreactor. The high-throughput acidity screening platform was capable of detecting ~1000 catalyst particles at a rate of 1 catalyst particle every 2.4 s. The number of detected catalyst particles was representative of the overall catalyst particle population with a confidence level of 95%. The measured fluorescence intensities showed a clear acidity distribution among the catalyst particles, with the majority (96.1%) showing acidity levels belonging to old, deactivated catalyst particles and a minority (3.9%) exhibiting high acidity levels. The latter are potentially of high interest, as they reveal interesting new physicochemical properties indicating why the particles were still highly acidic and reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen C. Vollenbroek
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Eva Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Bomer
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
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8
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de Bruijn DS, Van de Waal DB, Helmsing NR, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry for Single-Cell Particulate Inorganic Carbon:Particulate Organic Carbon Measurements of Calcifying Algae. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2200151. [PMID: 36910468 PMCID: PMC10000273 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcifying algae, like coccolithophores, greatly contribute to the oceanic carbon cycle and are therefore of particular interest for ocean carbon models. They play a key role in two processes that are important for the effective CO2 flux: The organic carbon pump (photosynthesis) and the inorganic carbon pump (calcification). The relative contribution of calcification and photosynthesis can be measured in algae by the amount of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC). A microfluidic impedance cytometer is presented, enabling non-invasive and high-throughput assessment of the calcification state of single coccolithophore cells. Gradual modification of the exoskeleton by acidification results in a strong linear fit (R 2 = 0.98) between the average electrical phase and the PIC:POC ratio of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi 920/9. The effect of different CO2 treatments on the PIC:POC ratio, however, is inconclusive, indicating that there is no strong effect observed for this particular strain. Lower PIC:POC ratios in cultures that grew to higher cell densities are found, which are also recorded with the impedance-based PIC:POC sensor. The development of this new quantification tool for small volumes paves the way for high-throughput analysis while applying multi-variable environmental stressors to support projections of the future marine carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe S. de Bruijn
- BIOS Lab‐on‐a‐Chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyMax Planck—University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5EnschedeOverijssel7522 NBThe Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B. Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)Droevendaalsesteeg 10Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
| | - Nico R. Helmsing
- Department of Aquatic EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)Droevendaalsesteeg 10Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS Lab‐on‐a‐Chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyMax Planck—University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5EnschedeOverijssel7522 NBThe Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab‐on‐a‐Chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyMax Planck—University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5EnschedeOverijssel7522 NBThe Netherlands
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9
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de Bruijn DS, Ten Eikelder HRA, Papadimitriou VA, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Supervised machine learning in microfluidic impedance flow cytometry for improved particle size determination. Cytometry A 2023; 103:221-226. [PMID: 36908134 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of particle and cell size in electrical microfluidic flow cytometers has become common practice. Nevertheless, in flow cytometers with coplanar electrodes accurate determination of particle size is difficult, owing to the inhomogeneous electric field. Pre-defined signal templates and compensation methods have been introduced to correct for this positional dependence, but are cumbersome when dealing with irregular signal shapes. We introduce a simple and accurate post-processing method without the use of pre-defined signal templates and compensation functions using supervised machine learning. We implemented a multiple linear regression model and show an average reduction of the particle diameter variation by 37% with respect to an earlier processing method based on a feature extraction algorithm and compensation function. Furthermore, we demonstrate its application in flow cytometry by determining the size distribution of a population of small (4.6 ± 0.9 μm) and large (5.9 ± 0.8 μm) yeast cells. The improved performance of this coplanar, two electrode chip enables precise cell size determination in easy to fabricate impedance flow cytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe S de Bruijn
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus R A Ten Eikelder
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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10
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Broccoli A, Vollertsen AR, Roels P, van Vugt A, van den Berg A, Odijk M. Nanoparticle Printing for Microfluidic Applications: Bipolar Electrochemistry and Localized Raman Sensing Spots. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:453. [PMID: 36838154 PMCID: PMC9967861 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The local integration of metal nanoparticle films on 3D-structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices is of high importance for applications including electronics, electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, and localized Raman sensing. Conventional processes to locally deposit and pattern metal nanoparticles require multiple steps and shadow masks, or access to cleanroom facilities, and therefore, are relatively imprecise, or time and cost-ineffective. As an alternative, we present an aerosol-based direct-write method, in which patterns of nanoparticles generated via spark ablation are locally printed with sub-mm size and precision inside of microfluidic structures without the use of lithography or other masking methods. As proof of principle, films of Pt or Ag nanoparticles were printed in the chambers of a multiplexed microfluidic device and successfully used for two different applications: Screening electrochemical activity in a high-throughput fashion, and localized sensing of chemicals via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The versatility of the approach will enable the generation of functional microfluidic devices for applications that include sensing, high-throughput screening platforms, and microreactors using catalytically driven chemical conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Broccoli
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anke R. Vollertsen
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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11
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de Graaf MNS, Vivas A, Kasi DG, van den Hil FE, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD, Mummery CL, Orlova VV. Multiplexed fluidic circuit board for controlled perfusion of 3D blood vessels-on-a-chip. Lab Chip 2022; 23:168-181. [PMID: 36484766 PMCID: PMC9764810 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) blood vessels-on-a-chip (VoC) models integrate the biological complexity of vessel walls with dynamic microenvironmental cues, such as wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential strain (CS). However, these parameters are difficult to control and are often poorly reproducible due to the high intrinsic diameter variation of individual 3D-VoCs. As a result, the throughput of current 3D systems is one-channel-at-a-time. Here, we developed a fluidic circuit board (FCB) for simultaneous perfusion of up to twelve 3D-VoCs using a single set of control parameters. By designing the internal hydraulic resistances in the FCB appropriately, it was possible to provide a pre-set WSS to all connected 3D-VoCs, despite significant variation in lumen diameters. Using this FCB, we found that variation of CS or WSS induce morphological changes to human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and conclude that control of these parameters using a FCB is necessary to study 3D-VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mees N S de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Aisen Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dhanesh G Kasi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Cofiño-Fabres C, Schwach V, Boonen T, ten Den SA, Vermeul K, van den Berg A, Segerink LI, Ribeiro MC, Passier R. Contractility analysis of human engineered 3D heart tissues by an automatic tracking technique using a standalone application. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266834. [PMID: 35421132 PMCID: PMC9009597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Engineered Heart Tissues (EHT) as in vitro model for disease modeling and drug screening has increased, as they provide important insight into the genetic mechanisms, cardiac toxicity or drug responses. Consequently, this has highlighted the need for a standardized, unbiased, robust and automatic way to analyze hallmark physiological features of EHTs. In this study we described and validated a standalone application to analyze physiological features of EHTs in an automatic, robust, and unbiased way, using low computational time. The standalone application “EHT Analysis” contains two analysis modes (automatic and manual) to analyzes the contractile properties and the contraction kinetics of EHTs from high speed bright field videos. As output data, the graphs of displacement, contraction force and contraction kinetics per file will be generated together with the raw data. Additionally, it also generates a summary file containing all the data from the analyzed files, which facilitates and speeds up the post analysis. From our study we highlight the importance of analyzing the axial stress which is the force per surface area (μN/mm2). This allows to have a readout overtime of tissue compaction, axial stress and leave the option to calculate at the end point of an experiment the physiological cross-section area (PSCA). We demonstrated the utility of this tool by analyzing contractile properties and compaction over time of EHTs made out of a double reporter human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line (NKX2.5EGFP/+-COUP-TFIImCherry/+) and different ratios of human adult cardiac fibroblasts (HCF). Our standalone application “EHT Analysis” can be applied for different studies where the physiological features of EHTs needs to be analyzed under the effect of a drug compound or in a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rivera-Arbeláez
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Boonen
- River BioMedics, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A. ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Vermeul
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo C. Ribeiro
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- River BioMedics, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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13
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Vivas A, van den Berg A, Passier R, Odijk M, van der Meer AD. Fluidic circuit board with modular sensor and valves enables stand-alone, tubeless microfluidic flow control in organs-on-chips. Lab Chip 2022; 22:1231-1243. [PMID: 35178541 PMCID: PMC8922413 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are a unique class of microfluidic in vitro cell culture models, in which the in vivo tissue microenvironment is mimicked. Unfortunately, their widespread use is hampered by their operation complexity and incompatibility with end-user research settings. To address these issues, many commercial and non-commercial platforms have been developed for semi-automated culture of organs-on-chips. However, these organ-on-chip culture platforms each represent a closed ecosystem, with very little opportunity to interchange and integrate components from different platforms or to develop new ones. The translational organ-on-chip platform (TOP) is a multi-institutional effort to develop an open platform for automated organ-on-chip culture and integration of components from various developers. Central to TOP is the fluidic circuit board (FCB), a microfluidic plate with the form factor of a typical well plate. The FCB enables microfluidic control of multiple components like sensors or organ-on-chip devices through an interface based on openly available standards. Here, we report an FCB to integrate commercial and in-house developed components forming a stand-alone flow control system for organs-on-chips. The control system is able to achieve constant and pulsatile flow recirculation through a connected organ-on-chip device. We demonstrate that this system is able to automatically perfuse a heart-on-chip device containing co-cultures of cardiac tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and monolayers of endothelial cells for five days. Altogether, we conclude that open technology platforms allow the integration of components from different sources to form functional and fit-for-purpose organ-on-chip systems. We anticipate that open platforms will play a central role in catalyzing and maturing further technological development of organ-on-chip culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisen Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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14
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Ribeiro MC, Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Cofiño-Fabres C, Schwach V, Slaats RH, ten Den SA, Vermeul K, van den Berg A, Pérez-Pomares JM, Segerink LI, Guadix JA, Passier R. A New Versatile Platform for Assessment of Improved Cardiac Performance in Human-Engineered Heart Tissues. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020214. [PMID: 35207702 PMCID: PMC8877418 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) hold a great potential as human in vitro models for studying heart disease and for drug safety screening. Nevertheless, their associated immaturity relative to the adult myocardium limits their utility in cardiac research. In this study, we describe the development of a platform for generating three-dimensional engineered heart tissues (EHTs) from hPSC-CMs for the measurement of force while under mechanical and electrical stimulation. The modular and versatile EHT platform presented here allows for the formation of three tissues per well in a 12-well plate format, resulting in 36 tissues per plate. We compared the functional performance of EHTs and their histology in three different media and demonstrated that tissues cultured and maintained in maturation medium, containing triiodothyronine (T3), dexamethasone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (TDI), resulted in a higher force of contraction, sarcomeric organization and alignment, and a higher and lower inotropic response to isoproterenol and nifedipine, respectively. Moreover, in this study, we highlight the importance of integrating a serum-free maturation medium in the EHT platform, making it a suitable tool for cardiovascular research, disease modeling, and preclinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C. Ribeiro
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
- River BioMedics, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - José M. Rivera-Arbeláez
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.v.d.B.); (L.I.S.)
| | - Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Verena Schwach
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Rolf H. Slaats
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Simone A. ten Den
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Kim Vermeul
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.v.d.B.); (L.I.S.)
| | - José M Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (J.M.P.-P.); (J.A.G.)
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.v.d.B.); (L.I.S.)
| | - Juan A. Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (J.M.P.-P.); (J.A.G.)
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (M.C.R.); (J.M.R.-A.); (C.C.-F.); (V.S.); (R.H.S.); (S.A.t.D.); (K.V.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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15
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Pokrajac L, Abbas A, Chrzanowski W, Dias GM, Eggleton BJ, Maguire S, Maine E, Malloy T, Nathwani J, Nazar L, Sips A, Sone J, van den Berg A, Weiss PS, Mitra S. Nanotechnology for a Sustainable Future: Addressing Global Challenges with the International Network4Sustainable Nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18608-18623. [PMID: 34910476 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has important roles to play in international efforts in sustainability. We discuss how current and future capabilities in nanotechnology align with and support the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. We argue that, as a field, we can accelerate the progress toward these goals both directly through technological solutions and through our special interdisciplinary skills in communication and tackling difficult challenges. We discuss the roles of targeting solutions, technology translation, the circular economy, and a number of examples from national efforts around the world in reaching these goals. We have formed a network of leading nanocenters to address these challenges globally and seek to recruit others to join us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pokrajac
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum Nano Centre, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ali Abbas
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Goretty M Dias
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum Nano Centre, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Eggleton
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Steven Maguire
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Elicia Maine
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, 500 Granville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 1W6, Canada
| | - Timothy Malloy
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jatin Nathwani
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum Nano Centre, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Linda Nazar
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum Nano Centre, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Adrienne Sips
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jun'ichi Sone
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi Center Building, 4 Chome-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Albert van den Berg
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sushanta Mitra
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum Nano Centre, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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16
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Nieuwelink AE, Vollenbroek JC, Tiggelaar RM, Bomer JG, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Weckhuysen BM. High-throughput activity screening and sorting of single catalyst particles with a droplet microreactor using dielectrophoresis. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Lv P, Peñas P, Le The H, Eijkel J, van den Berg A, Zhang X, Lohse D. Self-Propelled Detachment upon Coalescence of Surface Bubbles. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:235501. [PMID: 34936792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The removal of microbubbles from substrates is crucial for the efficiency of many catalytic and electrochemical gas evolution reactions in liquids. The current work investigates the coalescence and detachment of bubbles generated from catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Self-propelled detachment, induced by the coalescence of two bubbles, is observed at sizes much smaller than those determined by buoyancy. Upon coalescence, the released surface energy is partly dissipated by the bubble oscillations, working against viscous drag. The remaining energy is converted to the kinetic energy of the out-of-plane jumping motion of the merged bubble. The critical ratio of the parent bubble sizes for the jumping to occur is theoretically derived from an energy balance argument and found to be in agreement with the experimental results. The present results provide both physical insight for the bubble interactions and practical strategies for applications in chemical engineering and renewable energy technologies like electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Physics of Fluids group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Pablo Peñas
- Physics of Fluids group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Hai Le The
- Physics of Fluids group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Mathematics and Computer Science, MESA+Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jan Eijkel
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Mathematics and Computer Science, MESA+Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Mathematics and Computer Science, MESA+Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Physics of Fluids group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Ismail ASM, Garcia-Torregrosa I, Vollenbroek JC, Folkertsma L, Bomer JG, Haarman T, Ghiasi M, Schellhorn M, Nachtegaal M, Odijk M, van den Berg A, Weckhuysen BM, de Groot FMF. Detection of Spontaneous FeOOH Formation at the Hematite/Ni(Fe)OOH Interface During Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. M. Ismail
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Garcia-Torregrosa
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- TNO Energy Transition, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C. Vollenbroek
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan G. Bomer
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ties Haarman
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mahnaz Ghiasi
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Schellhorn
- Optics/Short Wavelengths Department, Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Vollertsen AR, Vivas A, van Meer B, van den Berg A, Odijk M, van der Meer AD. Facilitating implementation of organs-on-chips by open platform technology. Biomicrofluidics 2021; 15:051301. [PMID: 34659603 PMCID: PMC8514251 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) and multi-organs-on-chip (MOoC) systems have the potential to play an important role in drug discovery, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. However, most devices developed in academic labs remain at a proof-of-concept level and do not yet offer the ease-of-use, manufacturability, and throughput that are needed for widespread application. Commercially available OoC are easier to use but often lack the level of complexity of the latest devices in academia. Furthermore, researchers who want to combine different chips into MOoC systems are limited to one supplier, since commercial systems are not compatible with each other. Given these limitations, the implementation of standards in the design and operation of OoCs would strongly facilitate their acceptance by users. Importantly, the implementation of such standards must be carried out by many participants from both industry and academia to ensure a widespread acceptance and adoption. This means that standards must also leave room for proprietary technology development next to promoting interchangeability. An open platform with standardized interfacing and user-friendly operation can fulfill these requirements. In this Perspective article, the concept of an open platform for OoCs is defined from a technical perspective. Moreover, we discuss the importance of involving different stakeholders in the development, manufacturing, and application of such an open platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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20
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Vollertsen AR, Den SAT, Schwach V, van den Berg A, Passier R, van der Meer AD, Odijk M. Highly parallelized human embryonic stem cell differentiation to cardiac mesoderm in nanoliter chambers on a microfluidic chip. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 34059973 PMCID: PMC8166733 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived cells and tissues hold considerable potential for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. The generation, culture and differentiation of stem cells in low-volume, automated and parallelized microfluidic chips hold great promise to accelerate the research in this domain. Here, we show that we can differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to early cardiac mesodermal cells in microfluidic chambers that have a volume of only 30 nanoliters, using discontinuous medium perfusion. 64 of these chambers were parallelized on a chip which contained integrated valves to spatiotemporally isolate the chambers and automate cell culture medium exchanges. To confirm cell pluripotency, we tracked hESC proliferation and immunostained the cells for pluripotency markers SOX2 and OCT3/4. During differentiation, we investigated the effect of different medium perfusion frequencies on cell reorganization and the expression of the early cardiac mesoderm reporter MESP1mCherry by live-cell imaging. Our study demonstrates that microfluidic technology can be used to automatically culture, differentiate and study hESC in very low-volume culture chambers even without continuous medium perfusion. This result is an important step towards further automation and parallelization in stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke R Vollertsen
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone A Ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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21
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Nieuwelink AE, Vollenbroek JC, Ferreira de Abreu AC, Tiggelaar RM, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Weckhuysen BM. Single catalyst particle diagnostics in a microreactor for performing multiphase hydrogenation reactions. Faraday Discuss 2021; 229:267-280. [PMID: 33666611 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since inter- and intra-particle heterogeneities in catalyst particles are more the rule than the exception, it is advantageous to perform high-throughput screening for the activity of single catalyst particles. A multiphase system (gas/liquid/solid) is developed, where droplet-based microfluidics and optical detection are combined for the analysis of single catalyst particles by safely performing a hydrogenation study on in-house synthesized hollow Pd/SiO2 catalyst microparticles, in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microreactor. A two-phase segmented flow system of particle-containing droplets is combined with a parallel gas-reactant channel separated from the flow channel by a 50 μm thick gas permeable PDMS wall. In this paper, the developed microreactor system is showcased by monitoring the Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of methylene blue. A discoloration of blue to brown visualizes the hydrogenation activity happening in a high-throughput fashion on the single Pd/SiO2 spherical catalyst microparticles, which are encapsulated in 50 nL-sized droplets. By measuring the reagent concentration at various spots along the length of the channel the reaction time can be determined, which is proportional to the residence time in the channel. The developed experimental platform opens new possibilities for single catalyst particle diagnostics in a multiphase environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Eva Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen C Vollenbroek
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea C Ferreira de Abreu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Roald M Tiggelaar
- MESA+ NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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22
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Le-The H, Küchler C, van den Berg A, Bodenschatz E, Lohse D, Krug D. Fabrication of freestanding Pt nanowires for use as thermal anemometry probes in turbulence measurements. Microsyst Nanoeng 2021; 7:28. [PMID: 34567742 PMCID: PMC8433353 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a robust fabrication method for patterning freestanding Pt nanowires for use as thermal anemometry probes for small-scale turbulence measurements. Using e-beam lithography, high aspect ratio Pt nanowires (~300 nm width, ~70 µm length, ~100 nm thickness) were patterned on the surface of oxidized silicon (Si) wafers. Combining wet etching processes with dry etching processes, these Pt nanowires were successfully released, rendering them freestanding between two silicon dioxide (SiO2) beams supported on Si cantilevers. Moreover, the unique design of the bridge holding the device allowed gentle release of the device without damaging the Pt nanowires. The total fabrication time was minimized by restricting the use of e-beam lithography to the patterning of the Pt nanowires, while standard photolithography was employed for other parts of the devices. We demonstrate that the fabricated sensors are suitable for turbulence measurements when operated in constant-current mode. A robust calibration between the output voltage and the fluid velocity was established over the velocity range from 0.5 to 5 m s-1 in a SF6 atmosphere at a pressure of 2 bar and a temperature of 21 °C. The sensing signal from the nanowires showed negligible drift over a period of several hours. Moreover, we confirmed that the nanowires can withstand high dynamic pressures by testing them in air at room temperature for velocities up to 55 m s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Küchler
- Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Bodenschatz
- Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Krug
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Komen J, van Neerven SM, van den Berg A, Vermeulen L, van der Meer AD. Mimicking and surpassing the xenograft model with cancer-on-chip technology. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103303. [PMID: 33773183 PMCID: PMC8024912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are in vitro models in which human tissues are cultured in microfluidic compartments with a controlled, dynamic micro-environment. Specific organs-on-chips are being developed to mimic human tumors, but the validation of such 'cancer-on-chip' models for use in drug development is hampered by the complexity and variability of human tumors. An important step towards validation of cancer-on-chip technology could be to first mimic cancer xenograft models, which share multiple characteristics with human cancers but are significantly less complex. Here we review the relevant biological characteristics of a xenograft tumor and show that organ-on-chip technology is capable of mimicking many of these aspects. Actual comparisons between on-chip tumor growth and xenografts are promising but also demonstrate that further development and empirical validation is still needed. Validation of cancer-on-chip models to xenografts would not only represent an important milestone towards acceptance of cancer-on-chip technology, but could also improve drug discovery, personalized cancer medicine, and reduce animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Komen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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24
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Arık YB, de Sa Vivas A, Laarveld D, van Laar N, Gemser J, Visscher T, van den Berg A, Passier R, van der Meer AD. Collagen I Based Enzymatically Degradable Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip Barrier Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2998-3005. [PMID: 33625834 PMCID: PMC8278385 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are microphysiological in vitro models of human organs and tissues that rely on culturing cells in a well-controlled microenvironment that has been engineered to include key physical and biochemical parameters. Some systems contain a single perfused microfluidic channel or a patterned hydrogel, whereas more complex devices typically employ two or more microchannels that are separated by a porous membrane, simulating the tissue interface found in many organ subunits. The membranes are typically made of synthetic and biologically inert materials that are then coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules to enhance cell attachment. However, the majority of the material remains foreign and fails to recapitulate the native microenvironment of the barrier tissue. Here, we study microfluidic devices that integrate a vitrified membrane made of collagen-I hydrogel (VC). The biocompatibility of this membrane was confirmed by growing a healthy population of stem cell derived endothelial cells (iPSC-EC) and immortalized retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) on it and assessing morphology by fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, VC membranes were subjected to biochemical degradation using collagenase II. The effects of this biochemical degradation were characterized by the permeability changes to fluorescein. Topographical changes on the VC membrane after enzymatic degradation were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Altogether, we present a dynamically bioresponsive membrane integrated in an organ-on-chip device with which disease-related ECM remodeling can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf B Arık
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.,BIOS Lab on a Chip group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Aisen de Sa Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.,BIOS Lab on a Chip group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Laarveld
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Neri van Laar
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse Gemser
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Visscher
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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25
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Tanumihardja E, Slaats RH, van der Meer AD, Passier R, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Measuring Both pH and O 2 with a Single On-Chip Sensor in Cultures of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Track Induced Changes in Cellular Metabolism. ACS Sens 2021; 6:267-274. [PMID: 33371688 PMCID: PMC7836059 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies which focus on cellular metabolism can benefit from time-resolved readouts from the living cells. pH and O2 concentration are fundamental parameters upon which cellular metabolism is often inferred. This work demonstrates a novel use of a ruthenium oxide (RuOx) electrode for in vitro studies. The RuOx electrode was characterized to measure both pH and O2 using two different modes. When operated potentiometrically, continuous pH reading can be obtained, and O2 concentration can be measured chronoamperometrically. In this work, we demonstrate the use of the RuOx electrodes in inferring two different types of metabolism of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. We also show and discuss the interpretation of the measurements into meaningful extracellular acidification rates and oxygen consumption rates of the cells. Overall, we present the RuOx electrode as a versatile and powerful tool in in vitro cell metabolism studies, especially in comparative settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Tanumihardja
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics and Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf H. Slaats
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics and Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics and Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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26
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Arık YB, Buijsman W, Loessberg-Zahl J, Cuartas-Vélez C, Veenstra C, Logtenberg S, Grobbink AM, Bergveld P, Gagliardi G, den Hollander AI, Bosschaart N, van den Berg A, Passier R, van der Meer AD. Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip model of the outer blood-retinal barrier with clinically relevant read-outs for tissue permeability and vascular structure. Lab Chip 2021; 21:272-283. [PMID: 33346294 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00639d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) tightly controls the transport processes between the neural tissue of the retina and the underlying blood vessel network. The barrier is formed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), its basal membrane and the underlying choroidal capillary bed. Realistic three-dimensional cell culture based models of the oBRB are needed to study mechanisms and potential treatments of visual disorders such as age-related macular degeneration that result from dysfunction of the barrier tissue. Ideally, such models should also include clinically relevant read-outs to enable translation of experimental findings in the context of pathophysiology. Here, we report a microfluidic organ-on-a-chip model of the oBRB that contains a monolayer of human immortalized RPE and a microvessel of human endothelial cells, separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Confluent monolayers of both cell types were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The three-dimensional vascular structures within the chip were imaged by optical coherence tomography: a medical imaging technique, which is routinely applied in ophthalmology. Differences in diameters and vessel density could be readily detected. Upon inducing oxidative stress by treating with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a dose dependent increase in barrier permeability was observed by using a dynamic assay for fluorescence tracing, analogous to the clinically used fluorescence angiography. This organ-on-a-chip of the oBRB will allow future studies of complex disease mechanisms and treatments for visual disorders using clinically relevant endpoints in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf B Arık
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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27
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Loessberg-Zahl J, Beumer J, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT, van der Meer AD. Patterning Biological Gels for 3D Cell Culture inside Microfluidic Devices by Local Surface Modification through Laminar Flow Patterning. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E1112. [PMID: 33339092 PMCID: PMC7765499 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are used extensively in the development of new in vitro cell culture models like organs-on-chips. A typical feature of such devices is the patterning of biological hydrogels to offer cultured cells and tissues a controlled three-dimensional microenvironment. A key challenge of hydrogel patterning is ensuring geometrical confinement of the gel, which is generally solved by inclusion of micropillars or phaseguides in the channels. Both of these methods often require costly cleanroom fabrication, which needs to be repeated even when only small changes need be made to the gel geometry, and inadvertently expose cultured cells to non-physiological and mechanically stiff structures. Here, we present a technique for facile patterning of hydrogel geometries in microfluidic chips, but without the need for any confining geometry built into the channel. Core to the technique is the use of laminar flow patterning to create a hydrophilic path through an otherwise hydrophobic microfluidic channel. When a liquid hydrogel is injected into the hydrophilic region, it is confined to this path by the surrounding hydrophobic regions. The various surface patterns that are enabled by laminar flow patterning can thereby be rendered into three-dimensional hydrogel structures. We demonstrate that the technique can be used in many different channel geometries while still giving the user control of key geometric parameters of the final hydrogel. Moreover, we show that human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be cultured for multiple days inside the devices with the patterned hydrogels and that they can be stimulated to migrate into the gel under the influence of trans-gel flows. Finally, we demonstrate that the patterned gels can withstand trans-gel flow velocities in excess of physiological interstitial flow velocities without rupturing or detaching. This novel hydrogel-patterning technique addresses fundamental challenges of existing methods for hydrogel patterning inside microfluidic chips, and can therefore be applied to improve design time and the physiological realism of microfluidic cell culture assays and organs-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Loessberg-Zahl
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, University of Twente, 7500-AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (A.v.d.B.); (J.C.T.E.)
| | - Jelle Beumer
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, University of Twente, 7500-AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (A.v.d.B.); (J.C.T.E.)
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, University of Twente, 7500-AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (A.v.d.B.); (J.C.T.E.)
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, University of Twente, 7500-AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (A.v.d.B.); (J.C.T.E.)
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28
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de Bruijn DS, Ter Braak PM, Van de Waal DB, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Coccolithophore calcification studied by single-cell impedance cytometry: Towards single-cell PIC:POC measurements. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 173:112808. [PMID: 33221507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution 30% of the anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed by oceans, resulting in ocean acidification, which is a threat to calcifying algae. As a result, there has been profound interest in the study of calcifying algae, because of their important role in the global carbon cycle. The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is considered to be globally the most dominant calcifying algal species, which creates a unique exoskeleton from inorganic calcium carbonate platelets. The PIC (particulate inorganic carbon): POC (particulate organic carbon) ratio describes the relative amount of inorganic carbon in the algae and is a critical parameter in the ocean carbon cycle. In this research we explore the use of microfluidic single-cell impedance spectroscopy in the field of calcifying algae. Microfluidic impedance spectroscopy enables us to characterize single-cell electrical properties in a non-invasive and label-free way. We use the ratio of the impedance at high frequency vs. low frequency, known as opacity, to discriminate between calcified coccolithophores and coccolithophores with a calcite exoskeleton dissolved by acidification (decalcified). We have demonstrated that using opacity we can discriminate between calcified and decalcified coccolithophores with an accuracy of 94.1%. We have observed a correlation between the measured opacity and the cell height in the channel, which is supported by FEM simulations. The difference in cell density between calcified and decalcified cells can explain the difference in cell height and therefore the measured opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe S de Bruijn
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, 7500, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul M Ter Braak
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, 7500, the Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, PB Wageningen, 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, 7500, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, 7500, the Netherlands
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29
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Lozeman JJA, Elsbecker T, Bohnenn S, de Boer HL, Krakers M, Mul G, van den Berg A, Odijk M. Modular microreactor with integrated reflection element for online reaction monitoring using infrared spectroscopy. Lab Chip 2020; 20:4166-4174. [PMID: 33030158 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of an internal reflection element (IRE) combined with a modular polymer microfluidic chip that can be used for attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. The IRE is fabricated from a silicon wafer. Two different polymers are used for the fabrication of the two types of modular microfluidic chips, namely polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). The microfluidic chip is modular in the sense that several layers of mixing channels, using the herringbone mixer principle, and reactions chambers, can be stacked to facilitate the study of the desired reaction. A model Paal-Knorr reaction is carried out to prove that the chip works as intended. Furthermore, we highlight the strength of IR spectroscopy as a tool for reaction monitoring by identifying the peaks and showing the different reaction orders at the different steps of the Paal-Knorr reaction. The reduction of the aldehyde groups indicates a (pseudo) first order reaction whereas the vibrational modes associated with the ring formation indicate a zero order reaction. This zero order reaction can be explained with literature, where it is suggested that water acts as a catalyst during the dehydration step, which is the final step in the pyrrole ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J A Lozeman
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Tobias Elsbecker
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sylvie Bohnenn
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans L de Boer
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Max Krakers
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido Mul
- Photocatalytic Synthesis (PCS) Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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30
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Quan Y, Sun M, Tan Z, Eijkel JCT, van den Berg A, van der Meer A, Xie Y. Organ-on-a-chip: the next generation platform for risk assessment of radiobiology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39521-39530. [PMID: 35515392 PMCID: PMC9057494 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip devices have been widely used in biomedical science and technology, for example for experimental regenerative medicine and precision healthcare. The main advantage of organ-on-a-chip technology is the facility to build a specific human model that has functional responses on the level of organs or tissues, thereby avoiding the use of animal models, as well as greatly improving new drug discovery processes for personal healthcare. An emerging application domain for organs-on-chips is the study of internal irradiation for humans, which faces the challenges of the lack of a clear model for risk estimation of internal irradiation. We believe that radiobiology studies will benefit from organ-on-a-chip technology by building specific human organ/tissues in vitro. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the state-of-the-art in organ-on-a-chip research in different domains, and conclude with the challenges of radiobiology studies at internal low-dose irradiation. Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to significantly improve the radiobiology study as it can mimic the function of human organs or tissues, and here we summarize its potential benefits and possible breakthrough areas, as well as its limitations in internal low-dose radiation studies. Organ-on-a-chip technology has great potential for the next generation risk estimation of low dose internal irradiation, due to its success in mimicking human organs/tissues, which possibly can significantly improve on current animal models.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Miao Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andries van der Meer
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Yanbo Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
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31
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Komen J, Westerbeek EY, Kolkman RW, Roesthuis J, Lievens C, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD. Controlled pharmacokinetic anti-cancer drug concentration profiles lead to growth inhibition of colorectal cancer cells in a microfluidic device. Lab Chip 2020; 20:3167-3178. [PMID: 32729598 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic device to expose cancer cells to a dynamic, in vivo-like concentration profile of a drug, and quantify efficacy on-chip. About 30% of cancer patients receive drug therapy. In conventional cell culture experiments drug efficacy is tested under static concentrations, e.g. 1 μM for 48 hours, whereas in vivo, drug concentration follows a pharmacokinetic profile with an initial peak and a decline over time. With the rise of microfluidic cell culture models, including organs-on-chips, there are opportunities to more realistically mimic in vivo-like concentrations. Our microfluidic device contains a cell culture chamber and a drug-dosing channel separated by a transparent membrane, to allow for shear stress-free drug exposure and label-free growth quantification. Dynamic drug concentration profiles in the cell culture chamber were controlled by continuously flowing controlled concentrations of drug in the dosing channel. The control over drug concentrations in the cell culture chambers was validated with fluorescence experiments and numerical simulations. Exposure of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells to static concentrations of the clinically used drug oxaliplatin resulted in a sensible dose-effect curve. Dynamic, in vivo-like drug exposure also led to statistically significant lower growth compared to untreated control. Continuous exposure to the average concentration of the in vivo-like exposure seems more effective than exposure to the peak concentration (Cmax) only. We expect that our microfluidic system will improve efficacy prediction of in vitro models, including organs-on-chips, and may lead to future clinical optimization of drug administration schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Komen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Eiko Y Westerbeek
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. and μFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Ruben W Kolkman
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. and Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Roesthuis
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline Lievens
- Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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32
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Wang J, Le-The H, Karamanos T, Suryadharma RN, van den Berg A, Pinkse PWH, Rockstuhl C, Shui L, Eijkel JCT, Segerink LI. Plasmonic Nanocrystal Arrays on Photonic Crystals with Tailored Optical Resonances. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:37657-37669. [PMID: 32814417 PMCID: PMC7441488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical plasmonic-photonic microspheres (PPMs) with high controllability in their structures and optical properties have been explored toward surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The PPMs consist of gold nanocrystal (AuNC) arrays (3rd-tier) anchored on a hexagonal nanopattern (2nd-tier) assembled from silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) where the uniform microsphere backbone is termed the 1st-tier. The PPMs sustain both photonic stop band (PSB) properties, resulting from periodic SiO2NP arrangements of the 2nd-tier, and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR), resulting from AuNC arrays of the 3rd-tier. Thanks to the synergistic effects of the photonic crystal (PC) structure and the AuNC array, the electromagnetic (EM) field in such a multiscale composite structure can tremendously be enhanced at certain wavelengths. These effects are demonstrated by experimentally evaluating the Raman enhancement of benzenethiol (BT) as a probe molecule and are confirmed via numerical simulations. We achieve a maximum SERS enhancement factor of up to ∼108 when the resonances are tailored to coincide with the excitation wavelength by suitable structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- National
Centre for International Research on Green Optoelectronics & South
China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical
Medical Centre & Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Hai Le-The
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical
Medical Centre & Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
- Physics
of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Max Planck
Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Theodosios Karamanos
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Radius N.S. Suryadharma
- Laser
Physics and Nonlinear Optics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical
Medical Centre & Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn W. H. Pinkse
- Complex Photonic
Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lingling Shui
- National
Centre for International Research on Green Optoelectronics & South
China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical
Medical Centre & Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical
Medical Centre & Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
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33
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Wang J, Westerbeek EY, van den Berg A, Segerink LI, Shui L, Eijkel JCT. Mass Transport Determined Silica Nanowires Growth on Spherical Photonic Crystals with Nanostructure-Enabled Functionalities. Small 2020; 16:e2001026. [PMID: 32402146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A robust and facile method has been developed to obtain directional growth of silica nanowires (SiO2 NWs) by regulating mass transport of silicon monoxide (SiO) vapor. SiO2 NWs are grown by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process on a surface of gold-covered spherical photonic crystals (SPCs) annealed at high temperature in an inert gas atmosphere in the vicinity of a SiO source. The SPCs are prepared from droplet confined colloidal self-assembly. SiO2 NW morphology is governed by diffusion-reaction process of SiO vapor, whereby directional growth of SiO2 NWs toward the low SiO concentration is obtained at locations with a high SiO concentration gradient, while random growth is observed at locations with a low SiO concentration gradient. Growth of NWs parallel to the supporting substrate surface is of great importance for various applications, and this is the first demonstration of surface-parallel growth by controlling mass transport. This controllable NW morphology enables production of SPCs covered with a large number of NWs, showing multilevel micro-nano feature and high specific surface area for potential applications in superwetting surfaces, oil/water separation, microreactors, and scaffolds. In addition, the controllable photonic stop band properties of this hybrid structure of SPCs enable the potential applications in photocatalysis, sensing, and light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- National Centre for International Research on Green Optoelectronics & South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Eiko Y Westerbeek
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Loes I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Lingling Shui
- National Centre for International Research on Green Optoelectronics & South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Information Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
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34
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Ma Y, Sun M, Duan X, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT, Xie Y. Dimension-reconfigurable bubble film nanochannel for wetting based sensing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:814. [PMID: 32041959 PMCID: PMC7010761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimensions and surface properties are the predominant factors for the applications of nanofluidic devices. Here we use a thin liquid film as a nanochannel by inserting a gas bubble in a glass capillary, a technique we name bubble-based film nanofluidics. The height of the film nanochannel can be regulated by the Debye length and wettability, while the length independently changed by applied pressure. The film nanochannel behaves functionally identically to classical solid state nanochannels, as ion concentration polarizations. Furthermore, the film nanochannels can be used for label-free immunosensing, by principle of wettability change at the solid interface. The optimal sensitivity for the biotin-streptavidin reaction is two orders of magnitude higher than for the solid state nanochannel, suitable for a full range of electrolyte concentrations. We believe that the film nanochannel represents a class of nanofluidic devices that is of interest for fundamental studies and also can be widely applied, due to its reconfigurable dimensions, low cost, ease of fabrication and multiphase interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- International Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710100, Xi'an, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Sun
- International Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710100, Xi'an, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Albert van den Berg
- International Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710100, Xi'an, China
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- International Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710100, Xi'an, China
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yanbo Xie
- International Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710100, Xi'an, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China.
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35
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Albers HJ, Passier R, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD. Automated Analysis of Platelet Aggregation on Cultured Endothelium in a Microfluidic Chip Perfused with Human Whole Blood. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E781. [PMID: 31739604 PMCID: PMC6915557 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip models with incorporated vasculature are becoming more popular to study platelet biology. A large variety of image analysis techniques are currently used to determine platelet coverage, ranging from manually setting thresholds to scoring platelet aggregates. In this communication, an automated methodology is introduced, which corrects misalignment of a microfluidic channel, automatically defines regions of interest and utilizes a triangle threshold to determine platelet coverages and platelet aggregate size distributions. A comparison between the automated methodology and manual identification of platelet aggregates shows a high accuracy of the triangle methodology. Furthermore, the image analysis methodology can determine platelet coverages and platelet size distributions in microfluidic channels lined with either untreated or activated endothelium used for whole blood perfusion, proving the robustness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo J. Albers
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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36
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Solsona M, Papadimitriou VA, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Ion Concentration Polarization for Microparticle Mesoporosity Differentiation. Langmuir 2019; 35:9704-9712. [PMID: 31310544 PMCID: PMC6671885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microparticle porosity is normally determined in bulk manner providing an ensemble average that hinders establishing the individual role of each microparticle. On the other hand, single particle characterization implies expensive technology. We propose to use ion concentration polarization to measure differences in mesoporosity at the single particle level. Ion concentration polarization occurs at the interface between an electrolyte and a porous particle when an electric field is applied. The extent of ion concentration polarization depends, among others, on the mesopore size and density. By using a fluorescence marker, we could measure differences in concentration polarization between particles with 3 and 13 nm average mesopore diameters. A qualitative model was developed in order to understand and interpret the phenomena. We believe that this inexpensive method could be used to measure differences in mesoporous particle materials such as catalysts.
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37
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Le-The H, Lozeman JJA, Lafuente M, Muñoz P, Bomer JG, Duy-Tong H, Berenschot E, van den Berg A, Tas NR, Odijk M, Eijkel JCT. Wafer-scale fabrication of high-quality tunable gold nanogap arrays for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Nanoscale 2019; 11:12152-12160. [PMID: 31194202 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a robust and high-yield fabrication method for wafer-scale patterning of high-quality arrays of dense gold nanogaps, combining displacement Talbot lithography based shrink-etching with dry etching, wet etching, and thin film deposition techniques. By using the self-sharpening of <111>-oriented silicon crystal planes during the wet etching process, silicon structures with extremely smooth nanogaps are obtained. Subsequent conformal deposition of a silicon nitride layer and a gold layer results in dense arrays of narrow gold nanogaps. Using this method, we successfully fabricate high-quality Au nanogaps down to 10 nm over full wafer areas. Moreover, the gap spacing can be tuned by changing the thickness of deposited Au layers. Since the roughness of the template is minimized by the crystallographic etching of silicon, the roughness of the gold nanogaps depends almost exclusively on the roughness of the sputtered gold layers. Additionally, our fabricated Au nanogaps show a significant enhancement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals of benzenethiol molecules chemisorbed on the structure surface, at an average enhancement factor up to 1.5 × 106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasper J A Lozeman
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Lafuente
- Nanoscience Institute of Aragon, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Optical Sciences Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G Bomer
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Hien Duy-Tong
- Faculty of Engineering, Vietnamese German University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Erwin Berenschot
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels R Tas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
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38
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Le-The H, Tiggelaar RM, Berenschot E, van den Berg A, Tas N, Eijkel JCT. Postdeposition UV-Ozone Treatment: An Enabling Technique to Enhance the Direct Adhesion of Gold Thin Films to Oxidized Silicon. ACS Nano 2019; 13:6782-6789. [PMID: 31189059 PMCID: PMC6595434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We found that continuous films of gold (Au) on oxidized silicon (SiO2) substrates, upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-ozone, exhibit strong adhesion to the SiO2 support. Importantly, the enhancement is independent of micro- or nanostructuring of such nanometer-thick films. Deposition of a second Au layer on top of the pretreated Au layer makes the adhesion stable for at least 5 months in environmental air. Using this treatment method enables us to large-scale fabricate various SiO2-supported Au structures at various thicknesses with dimensions spanning from a few hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, without the use of additional adhesion layers. We explain the observed adhesion improvement as polarization-induced increased strength of Auδ-Siδ+ bonds at the Au-SiO2 interface due to the formation of a gold oxide monolayer on the Au surface by the UV-ozone treatment. Our simple and enabling method thus provides opportunities for patterning Au micro/nanostructures on SiO2 substrates without an intermediate metallic adhesion layer, which is critical for biosensing and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- NanoLab
Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of
Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Berenschot
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Tas
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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39
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de Graaf MNS, Cochrane A, van den Hil FE, Buijsman W, van der Meer AD, van den Berg A, Mummery CL, Orlova VV. Scalable microphysiological system to model three-dimensional blood vessels. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:026105. [PMID: 31263797 PMCID: PMC6588522 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel models are increasingly recognized to have value in understanding disease and drug discovery. However, continued improvements are required to more accurately reflect human vessel physiology. Realistic three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures of human vascular cells inside microfluidic chips, or vessels-on-chips (VoC), could contribute to this since they can recapitulate aspects of the in vivo microenvironment by including mechanical stimuli such as shear stress. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells as a source of endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs), in combination with a technique called viscous finger patterning (VFP) toward this goal. We optimized VFP to create hollow structures in collagen I extracellular-matrix inside microfluidic chips. The lumen formation success rate was over 90% and the resulting cellularized lumens had a consistent diameter over their full length, averaging 336 ± 15 μm. Importantly, hiPSC-ECs cultured in these 3D microphysiological systems formed stable and viable vascular structures within 48 h. Furthermore, this system could support coculture of hiPSC-ECs with primary human brain vascular pericytes, demonstrating their ability to accommodate biologically relevant combinations of multiple vascular cell types. Our protocol for VFP is more robust than previously published methods with respect to success rates and reproducibility of the diameter between- and within channels. This, in combination with the ease of preparation, makes hiPSC-EC based VoC a low-cost platform for future studies in personalized disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mees N S de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Cochrane
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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40
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Li L, Yan Z, Jin M, You X, Xie S, Liu Z, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT, Shui L. In-Channel Responsive Surface Wettability for Reversible and Multiform Emulsion Droplet Preparation and Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:16934-16943. [PMID: 30983312 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on a simple approach for in-channel functionalization of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface to obtain a switchable and reversible wettability change between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states. The thermally responsive polymer, poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), was grafted on the surface of PDMS channels by UV-induced surface grafting. PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS (PNIPAAm-g-PDMS) surface wettability can be thermally tuned to obtain water contact angles varying in the range of 24.3 to 106.1° by varying temperature at 25-38 °C. By selectively modifying the functionalized area in the microfluidic channels, multiform emulsion droplets of oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O), and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) could be created on-demand. Combining solid surface wettability and liquid-liquid interfacial properties, tunable generation of O/W and W/O droplet and stratified flows were enabled in the same microfluidic device with either different or the same two-phase fluidic systems, by properly heating/cooling thermal-responsive microfluidic channels and choosing suitable surfactants. Controllable creation of O/W/O and W/O/W droplets was also achieved in the same microfluidic device, by locally heating or cooling the droplet generation areas with integrated electric heaters to achieve opposite surface wettability. Hollow microcapsules were prepared using double emulsion droplets as templates in the microfluidic device with sequential hydrophobic and hydrophilic channel segments, demonstrating the strength of the proposed approach in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhui Li
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , Enschede 7500AE , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , Enschede 7500AE , The Netherlands
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , Enschede 7500AE , The Netherlands
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41
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Geitenbeek RG, Vollenbroek JC, Weijgertze HMH, Tregouet CBM, Nieuwelink AE, Kennedy CL, Weckhuysen BM, Lohse D, van Blaaderen A, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Meijerink A. Luminescence thermometry for in situ temperature measurements in microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1236-1246. [PMID: 30815644 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Temperature control for lab-on-a-chip devices has resulted in the broad applicability of microfluidics to, e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR), temperature gradient focusing for electrophoresis, and colloidal particle synthesis. However, currently temperature sensors on microfluidic chips either probe temperatures outside the channel (resistance temperature detector, RTD) or are limited in both the temperature range and sensitivity in the case of organic dyes. In this work, we introduce ratiometric bandshape luminescence thermometry in which thermally coupled levels of Er3+ in NaYF4 nanoparticles are used as a promising method for in situ temperature mapping in microfluidic systems. The results, obtained with three types of microfluidic devices, demonstrate that temperature can be monitored inside a microfluidic channel accurately (0.34 °C) up to at least 120 °C with a spot size of ca. 1 mm using simple fiber optics. Higher spatial resolution can be realized by combining luminescence thermometry with confocal microscopy, resulting in a spot size of ca. 9 μm. Further improvement is anticipated to enhance the spatial resolution and allow for 3D temperature profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G Geitenbeek
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen C Vollenbroek
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah M H Weijgertze
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Corentin B M Tregouet
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands and Physics of Fluids, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Eva Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris L Kennedy
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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42
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Wang J, Le-The H, Wang Z, Li H, Jin M, van den Berg A, Zhou G, Segerink LI, Shui L, Eijkel JCT. Microfluidics Assisted Fabrication of Three-Tier Hierarchical Microparticles for Constructing Bioinspired Surfaces. ACS Nano 2019; 13:3638-3648. [PMID: 30856322 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Construction of textured bioinspired surfaces with refined structures that exhibit superior wetting properties is of great importance for many applications ranging from self-cleaning, antibiofouling, anti-icing, oil/water separation, smart membrane, and microfluidic devices. Previously, the preparation of artificial surfaces generally relies on the combination of different approaches together, which is a lack of flexibility to control over the individual architecture unit, the surface topology, as well as the complex procedure needed. In this work, we report a method for rapid fabrication of three-tier hierarchical microunits (structures consisting of multiple levels) using a facile droplet microfluidics approach. These units include the first-tier microspheres consisting of the second-tier close-packed polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles decorated with the third-tier elegant polymer nanowrinkles. These nanowrinkles on the PS nanoparticles are formed according to the interfacial instability induced by gradient photopolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomers. The formation process and topologies of nanowrinkles can be regulated by the photopolymerization process and the fraction of carboxylic groups on the PS nanoparticle surface. Such a hierarchical microsphere mimics individual units of bioinspired surfaces. Therefore, the surfaces from self-assembly of these fabricated two-tier and three-tier hierarchical microunits collectively exhibit "gecko" and "rose petal" wetting states, with the micro- and nanoscale structures amplifying the initial hydrophobicity but still being highly adhesive to water. This approach offers promising advantages of high-yield fabrication, precise control over the size and component of the microspheres, and integration of microfluidic droplet generation, colloidal nanoparticle self-assembly, and interfacial polymerization-induced nanowrinkles in a straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics and South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , Enschede 7522NB , The Netherlands
| | - Hai Le-The
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , Enschede 7522NB , The Netherlands
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Hao Li
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics and South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics and South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , Enschede 7522NB , The Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics and South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Loes I Segerink
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , Enschede 7522NB , The Netherlands
| | - Lingling Shui
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics and South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , Enschede 7522NB , The Netherlands
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43
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Solsona M, Westerbeek EY, Bomer JG, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Gradient in the electric field for particle position detection in microfluidic channels. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1054-1059. [PMID: 30768116 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new method to track particles in microfluidic channels is presented. Particle position tracking in microfluidic systems is crucial to characterize sorting systems or to improve the analysis of cells in impedance flow cytometry studies. By developing an electric field gradient in a two parallel electrode array the position of the particles can be tracked in one axis by impedance analysis. This method can track the particle's position at lower frequencies and measure the conductivity of the system at higher frequencies. A 3-D simulation was performed showing particle position detection and conductivity analysis. To experimentally validate the technique, a microfluidic chip that develops a gradient in the electric field was fabricated and used to detect the position of polystyrene particles in one axis and measure their conductivity at low and high frequencies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Solsona
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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44
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Le-The H, Tregouet C, Kappl M, Müller M, Kirchhoff K, Lohse D, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Eijkel JCT. Engulfment control of platinum nanoparticles into oxidized silicon substrates for fabrication of dense solid-state nanopore arrays. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:065301. [PMID: 30523814 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We found that platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, upon annealing at high temperature of 1000 °C, are engulfed into amorphous fused-silica or thermal oxide silicon substrates. The same phenomenon was previously published for gold (Au) nanoparticles. Similar to the Au nanoparticles, the engulfed Pt nanoparticles connect to the surface of the substrates through conical nanopores, and the size of the Pt nanoparticles decreases with increasing depth of the nanopores. We explain the phenomena as driven by the formation of platinum oxide by reaction of the platinum with atmospheric oxygen, with platinum oxide evaporating to the environment. We found that the use of Pt provides much better controllability than the use of Au. Due to the high vapor pressure of platinum oxide, the engulfment of the Pt nanoparticles into oxidized silicon (SiO2) substrates is faster than of Au nanoparticles. At high temperature annealing we also find that the aggregation of Pt nanoparticles on the substrate surface is insignificant. As a result, the Pt nanoparticles are uniformly engulfed into the substrates, leading to an opportunity for patterning dense nanopore arrays. Moreover, the use of oxidized Si substrates enables us to precisely control the depth of the nanopores since the engulfment of Pt nanoparticles stops at a short distance above the SiO x /Si interface. After subsequent etching steps, a membrane with dense nanopore through-holes with diameters down to sub-30 nm is obtained. With its simple operation and high controllability, this fabrication method provides an alternative for rapid patterning of dense arrays of solid-state nanopores at low-cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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45
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Cochrane A, Albers HJ, Passier R, Mummery CL, van den Berg A, Orlova VV, van der Meer AD. Advanced in vitro models of vascular biology: Human induced pluripotent stem cells and organ-on-chip technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:68-77. [PMID: 29944904 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system is one of the first to develop during embryogenesis and is essential for all organs and tissues in our body to develop and function. It has many essential roles including controlling the absorption, distribution and excretion of compounds and therefore determines the pharmacokinetics of drugs and therapeutics. Vascular homeostasis is under tight physiological control which is essential for maintaining tissues in a healthy state. Consequently, disruption of vascular homeostasis plays an integral role in many disease processes, making cells of the vessel wall attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Experimental models of blood vessels can therefore contribute significantly to drug development and aid in predicting the biological effects of new drug entities. The increasing availability of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from healthy individuals and patients have accelerated advances in developing experimental in vitro models of the vasculature: human endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), can now be generated with high efficiency from hiPSC and used in 'microfluidic chips' (also known as 'organ-on-chip' technology) as a basis for in vitro models of blood vessels. These near physiological scaffolds allow the controlled integration of fluid flow and three-dimensional (3D) co-cultures with perivascular cells to mimic tissue- or organ-level physiology and dysfunction in vitro. Here, we review recent multidisciplinary developments in these advanced experimental models of blood vessels that combine hiPSC with microfluidic organ-on-chip technology. We provide examples of their utility in various research areas and discuss steps necessary for further integration in biomedical applications so that they can be contribute effectively to the evaluation and development of new drugs and other therapeutics as well as personalized (patient-specific) treatments.
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46
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van der Helm MW, Henry OYF, Bein A, Hamkins-Indik T, Cronce MJ, Leineweber WD, Odijk M, van der Meer AD, Eijkel JCT, Ingber DE, van den Berg A, Segerink LI. Non-invasive sensing of transepithelial barrier function and tissue differentiation in organs-on-chips using impedance spectroscopy. Lab Chip 2019; 19:452-463. [PMID: 30632575 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe methods for combining impedance spectroscopy measurements with electrical simulation to reveal transepithelial barrier function and tissue structure of human intestinal epithelium cultured inside an organ-on-chip microfluidic culture device. When performing impedance spectroscopy measurements, electrical simulation enabled normalization of cell layer resistance of epithelium cultured statically in a gut-on-a-chip, which enabled determination of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values that can be compared across device platforms. During culture under dynamic flow, the formation of intestinal villi was accompanied by characteristic changes in impedance spectra both measured experimentally and verified with simulation, and we demonstrate that changes in cell layer capacitance may serve as measures of villi differentiation. This method for combining impedance spectroscopy with simulation can be adapted to better monitor cell layer characteristics within any organ-on-chip in vitro and to enable direct quantitative TEER comparisons between organ-on-chip platforms which should help to advance research on organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinke W van der Helm
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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47
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van den Berg A, Mummery CL, Passier R, van der Meer AD. Personalised organs-on-chips: functional testing for precision medicine. Lab Chip 2019; 19:198-205. [PMID: 30506070 PMCID: PMC6336148 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are microfluidic systems with controlled, dynamic microenvironments in which cultured cells exhibit functions that emulate organ-level physiology. They can in principle be 'personalised' to reflect individual physiology, for example by including blood samples, primary human tissue, and cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, as well as by tuning key physico-chemical parameters of the cell culture microenvironment based on personal health data. The personalised nature of such systems, combined with physiologically relevant read-outs, provides new opportunities for person-specific assessment of drug efficacy and safety, as well as personalised strategies for disease prevention and treatment; together, this is known as 'precision medicine'. There are multiple reports of how to personalise organs-on-chips, with examples including airway-on-a-chip systems containing primary patient alveolar epithelial cells, vessels-on-chips with shapes based on personal biomedical imaging data and lung-on-a-chip systems that can be exposed to various regimes of cigarette smoking. In addition, multi-organ chip systems even allow the systematic and dynamic integration of more complex combinations of personalised cell culture parameters. Current personalised organs-on-chips have not yet been used for precision medicine as such. The major challenges that affect the implementation of personalised organs-on-chips in precision medicine are related to obtaining access to personal samples and corresponding health data, as well as to obtaining data on patient outcomes that can confirm the predictive value of personalised organs-on-chips. We argue here that involving all biomedical stakeholders from clinicians and patients to pharmaceutical companies will be integral to transition personalised organs-on-chips to precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van den Berg
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip
, University of Twente
,
The Netherlands
- Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluids
,
The Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies
, University of Twente
,
Zuidhorst ZH127
, PO Box 217
, 7500 AE Enschede
, The Netherlands
.
; Tel: +31 53 489 8064
- Anatomy and Embryology
, Leiden University Medical Center
,
The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies
, University of Twente
,
Zuidhorst ZH127
, PO Box 217
, 7500 AE Enschede
, The Netherlands
.
; Tel: +31 53 489 8064
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies
, University of Twente
,
Zuidhorst ZH127
, PO Box 217
, 7500 AE Enschede
, The Netherlands
.
; Tel: +31 53 489 8064
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48
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Loessberg-Zahl J, van der Meer AD, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Flow focusing through gels as a tool to generate 3D concentration profiles in hydrogel-filled microfluidic chips. Lab Chip 2019; 19:206-213. [PMID: 30548051 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laminar flow patterning is an iconic microfluidic technology used to deliver chemicals to specific regions on a two-dimensional surface with high spatial fidelity. Here we present a novel extension of this technology using Darcy flow within a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel. Our test device is a simple 3-inlet microfluidic channel, totally filled with collagen, a cured biological hydrogel, where the concentration profiles of solutes are manipulated via the inlet pressures. This method allows solutes to be delivered with 50 micron accuracy within the gel, as we evidence by controlling concentration profiles of 40 kDa and 1 kDa fluorescent polysaccharide dyes. Furthermore, we design and test a 3D-printed version of our device with an extra two inlets for control of the vertical position of the concentration profile, demonstrating that this method is easily extensible to control of the concentration profile in 3D.
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Bidulock ACE, Dubský P, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Integrated internal standards: A sample prep-free method for better precision in microchip CE. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:756-765. [PMID: 30548637 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care systems based on microchip capillary electrophoresis require single-use, disposable microchips prefilled with all necessary solutions so an untrained operator only needs to apply the sample and perform the analysis. While microchip fabrication can be (and has been) standardized, some manufacturing differences between microchips are unavoidable. To improve analyte precision without increasing device costs or introducing additional error sources, we recently proposed the use of integrated internal standards (ISTDs): ions added to the BGE in small concentrations which form system peaks in the electropherogram that can be used as a measurement reference. Here, we further expand this initial proof-of-principle test to study a clinically-relevant application of K ion concentrations in human blood; however, using a mock blood solution instead of real samples to avoid interference from other obstacles (e.g. cell lysis). Cs as an integrated ISTD improves repeatability of K ion migration times from 6.97% to 0.89% and the linear calibration correlation coefficient (R2 ) for K quantification from 0.851 to 0.967. Peak area repeatability improves from 11.6-13.3% to 4.75-5.04% at each K concentration above the LOQ. These results further validate the feasibility of using integrated ISTDs to improve imprecision in disposable microchip CE devices by demonstrating their application for physiological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C E Bidulock
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dubský
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
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Mei L, Jin M, Xie S, Yan Z, Wang X, Zhou G, van den Berg A, Shui L. A simple capillary-based open microfluidic device for size on-demand high-throughput droplet/bubble/microcapsule generation. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2806-2815. [PMID: 30112532 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report an easily-established capillary-based open microfluidic device (COMD) as a simple and robust method for size on-demand generation of monodisperse droplets of various fluidic materials with controllable volume. A device is set up in which a capillary is positioned with its tip close to a flat surface with a precise gap distance in a container. The continuous phase remains static in the container, and the dispersed phase is pumped through the capillary and forms droplets at the exit of the gap. Monodisperse droplets, bubbles and microcapsules of various fluids with diameters of 10-300 μm (picoliter to nanoliter) and generation frequency of 1-1000 Hz are obtained by controlling the gap distance in the range of 5-500 μm. The droplet formation is caused by capillarity-induced narrowing of the dispersed phase at the capillary exit, with droplet size being determined by the gap volume and fluid flow. We find that, at low flow rate, using the same COMD, the generated droplet size is constant, being determined by the gap size; however, at higher flow rate, droplet size increases with the flow rate. Droplet types can be managed by fluids and surface modification of the capillary and bottom surfaces. High throughput droplet generation is achieved by in-parallel integration of multiple capillaries in one device. Such a COMD is simple and easy-to-build without complex microfabrication requirements; however, it is highly robust, flexible and easy-to-operate for size on-demand droplet generation. It offers an opportunity for common laboratories to perform droplet-based assays, and has high potential for high throughput industrial emulsification applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Mei
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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