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Katsanos AH, Joundi RA, Palaiodimou L, Ahmed N, Kim JT, Goyal N, Maier IL, de Havenon A, Anadani M, Matusevicius M, Mistry EA, Khatri P, Arthur AS, Sarraj A, Yaghi S, Shoamanesh A, Catanese L, Psychogios MN, Tsioufis K, Malhotra K, Spiotta AM, Sandset EC, Alexandrov AV, Petersen NH, Tsivgoulis G. Blood Pressure Trajectories and Outcomes After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Hypertension 2024; 81:629-635. [PMID: 38164751 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories in the first 24 hours after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke are limited. We sought to identify these trajectories and their relationship to outcomes. METHODS We combined individual-level data from 5 studies of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent EVT and had individual blood pressure values after the end of the procedure. We used group-based trajectory analysis to identify the number and shape of SBP trajectories post-EVT. We used mixed effects regression models to identify associations between trajectory groups and outcomes adjusting for potential confounders and reported the respective adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and common odds ratios. RESULTS There were 2640 total patients with acute ischemic stroke included in the analysis. The most parsimonious model identified 4 distinct SBP trajectories, that is, general directional patterns after repeated SBP measurements: high, moderate-high, moderate, and low. Patients in the higher blood pressure trajectory groups were older, had a higher prevalence of vascular risk factors, presented with more severe stroke syndromes, and were less likely to achieve successful recanalization after the EVT. In the adjusted analyses, only patients in the high-SBP trajectory were found to have significantly higher odds of early neurological deterioration (aOR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.20-2.82]), intracranial hemorrhage (aOR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.31-2.59]), mortality (aOR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.21-2.53), death or disability (aOR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.15-2.31]), and worse functional outcomes (adjusted common odds ratio,1.92 [95% CI, 1.47-2.50]). CONCLUSIONS Patients follow distinct SBP trajectories in the first 24 hours after an EVT. Persistently elevated SBP after the procedure is associated with unfavorable short-term and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., R.A.J., A.S., L.C.)
| | - Raed A Joundi
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., R.A.J., A.S., L.C.)
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine (L.P., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.A., M.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (N.A., M.M.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (J.-T.K.)
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology (N.G., G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
- Department of Neurosurgery (N.G., A.S.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Ilko L Maier
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (I.L.M.)
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.d.H.)
| | - Mohammad Anadani
- Department of Neurology, (M.A.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Department of Neurosurgery (MA., A.M.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Marius Matusevicius
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.A., M.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (N.A., M.M.)
| | - Eva A Mistry
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (E.A.M.)
| | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio (P.K.)
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery (N.G., A.S.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., R.A.J., A.S., L.C.)
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY (S.Y.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (A.S.)
| | - Luciana Catanese
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., R.A.J., A.S., L.C.)
| | - Marios-Nikos Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (M.-N.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital (K.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.M.)
| | - Alejandro M Spiotta
- Department of Neurosurgery (MA., A.M.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology (N.G., G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Nils H Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven (N.H.P.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine (L.P., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology (N.G., G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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Palaiodimou L, Joundi RA, Katsanos AH, Ahmed N, Kim JT, Goyal N, Maier IL, de Havenon A, Anadani M, Matusevicius M, Mistry EA, Khatri P, Arthur AS, Sarraj A, Yaghi S, Shoamanesh A, Catanese L, Psychogios MN, Malhotra K, Spiotta AM, Vassilopoulou S, Tsioufis K, Sandset EC, Alexandrov AV, Petersen N, Tsivgoulis G. Association between blood pressure variability and outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Stroke J 2024; 9:88-96. [PMID: 37921233 PMCID: PMC10916831 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231211157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data on the association between blood pressure variability (BPV) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and outcomes are limited. We sought to identify whether BPV within the first 24 hours post EVT was associated with key stroke outcomes. METHODS We combined individual patient-data from five studies among AIS-patients who underwent EVT, that provided individual BP measurements after the end of the procedure. BPV was estimated as either systolic-BP (SBP) standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variation (CV) over 24 h post-EVT. We used a logistic mixed-effects model to estimate the association [expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR)] between tertiles of BPV and outcomes of 90-day mortality, 90-day death or disability [modified Rankin Scale-score (mRS) > 2], 90-day functional impairment (⩾1-point increase across all mRS-scores), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), adjusting for age, sex, stroke severity, co-morbidities, pretreatment with intravenous thrombolysis, successful recanalization, and mean SBP and diastolic-BP levels within the first 24 hours post EVT. RESULTS There were 2640 AIS-patients included in the analysis. The highest tertile of SBP-SD was associated with higher 90-day mortality (aOR:1.44;95% CI:1.08-1.92), 90-day death or disability (aOR:1.49;95% CI:1.18-1.89), and 90-day functional impairment (adjusted common OR:1.42;95% CI:1.18-1.72), but not with sICH (aOR:1.22;95% CI:0.76-1.98). Similarly, the highest tertile of SBP-CV was associated with higher 90-day mortality (aOR:1.33;95% CI:1.01-1.74), 90-day death or disability (aOR:1.50;95% CI:1.19-1.89), and 90-day functional impairment (adjusted common OR:1.38;95% CI:1.15-1.65), but not with sICH (aOR:1.33;95% CI:0.83-2.14). CONCLUSIONS BPV after EVT appears to be associated with higher mortality and disability, independently of mean BP levels within the first 24 h post EVT. BPV in the first 24 h may be a novel target to improve outcomes after EVT for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Raed A Joundi
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ilko L Maier
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mohammad Anadani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Marius Matusevicius
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva A Mistry
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luciana Catanese
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marios-Nikos Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro M Spiotta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sofia Vassilopoulou
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nils Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Stefanou MI, Theodorou A, Malhotra K, Aguiar de Sousa D, Katan M, Palaiodimou L, Katsanos AH, Koutroulou I, Lambadiari V, Lemmens R, Giannopoulos S, Alexandrov AV, Siasos G, Tsivgoulis G. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and stroke associated with treatment with GLP-1 or the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Stroke J 2024:23969873241234238. [PMID: 38400569 DOI: 10.1177/23969873241234238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mounting evidence suggests that glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor-agonists (GLP-1 RAs) attenuate cardiovascular-risk in type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Tirzepatide is the first-in-class, dual glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide GIP/GLP-1 RA approved for T2DM. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) was performed to estimate: (i) the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE); and (ii) incidence of stroke, fatal, and nonfatal stroke in T2DM-patients treated with GLP-1 or GIP/GLP-1 RAs (vs placebo). RESULTS Thirteen RCTs (9 and 4 on GLP-1 RAs and tirzepatide, respectively) comprising 65,878 T2DM patients were included. Compared to placebo, GLP-1RAs or GIP/GLP-1 RAs reduced MACE (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.94; p < 0.01; I2 = 37%), all-cause mortality (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.96; p < 0.01; I2 = 21%) and cardiovascular-mortality (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.96; p < 0.01; I2 = 14%), without differences between GLP-1 versus GIP/GLP-1 RAs. Additionally, GLP-1 RAs reduced the odds of stroke (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76-0.93; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%) and nonfatal stroke (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76-0.94; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%), whereas no association between fatal stroke and GLP-1RAs was uncovered (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.61-1.05; p = 0.105; I2 = 0%). In secondary analyses, GLP-1 RAs prevented ischemic stroke (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61-0.91; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%) and MACE-recurrence, but not hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.51-1.66; p = 0.792; I2 = 0%). There was no association between GLP-1RAs or GIP/GLP-1 RAs and fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 RAs reduce cardiovascular-risk and mortality in T2DM. While there is solid evidence that GLP-1 RAs significantly attenuate the risk of ischemic stroke in T2DM, dedicated RCTs are needed to evaluate the efficacy of novel GIP/GLP-1 RAs for primary and secondary stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Ioanna Stefanou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Stroke Center, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central and Institute of Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mira Katan
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ioanna Koutroulou
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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4
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Li Q, Yakhkind A, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV, Anderson CS, Dowlatshahi D, Frontera JA, Hemphill JC, Ganti L, Kellner C, May C, Morotti A, Parry-Jones A, Sheth KN, Steiner T, Ziai W, Goldstein JN, Mayer SA. Code ICH: A Call to Action. Stroke 2024; 55:494-505. [PMID: 38099439 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most serious type of stroke, leading to high rates of severe disability and mortality. Hematoma expansion is an independent predictor of poor functional outcome and is a compelling target for intervention. For decades, randomized trials aimed at decreasing hematoma expansion through single interventions have failed to meet their primary outcomes of statistically significant improvement in neurological outcomes. A wide range of evidence suggests that ultra-early bundled care, with multiple simultaneous interventions in the acute phase, offers the best hope of limiting hematoma expansion and improving functional recovery. Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who fail to receive early aggressive care have worse outcomes, suggesting that an important treatment opportunity exists. This consensus statement puts forth a call to action to establish a protocol for Code ICH, similar to current strategies used for the management of acute ischemic stroke, through which early intervention, bundled care, and time-based metrics have substantially improved neurological outcomes. Based on current evidence, we advocate for the widespread adoption of an early bundle of care for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage focused on time-based metrics for blood pressure control and emergency reversal of anticoagulation, with the goal of optimizing the benefit of these already widely used interventions. We hope Code ICH will endure as a structural platform for continued innovation, standardization of best practices, and ongoing quality improvement for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Q.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Craig S Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Heath, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.)
| | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada (D.D.)
| | | | | | - Latha Ganti
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (L.G.)
| | | | - Casey May
- The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus (C.M.)
| | | | | | - Kevin N Sheth
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.N.S.)
| | | | - Wendy Ziai
- John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (W.Z.)
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5
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Navi BB, Bach I, Czap AL, Wang M, Yamal JM, Jacob AP, Parker SA, Rajan SS, Mir S, Sherman C, Willey JZ, Saver JL, Gonzalez MO, Singh N, Jones WJ, Ornelas D, Gonzales NR, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV, Nour M, Spokoyny I, Mackey J, Collins SQ, Silnes K, Fink ME, English J, Barazangi N, Bratina PL, Volpi J, Rao CPV, Griffin L, Persse D, Grotta JC. Strokes Averted by Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective, Multicenter, Controlled Trial of Mobile Stroke Units. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:347-361. [PMID: 37801480 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to examine averted stroke in optimized stroke systems. METHODS This secondary analysis of a multicenter trial from 2014 to 2020 compared patients treated by mobile stroke unit (MSU) versus standard management. The analytical cohort consisted of participants with suspected stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. The main outcome was a tissue-defined averted stroke, defined as a final diagnosis of stroke with resolution of presenting symptoms/signs by 24 hours attributed to thrombolysis and no acute infarction/hemorrhage on imaging. An additional outcome was stroke with early symptom resolution, defined as a final diagnosis of stroke with resolution of presenting symptoms/signs by 24 hours attributed to thrombolysis. RESULTS Among 1,009 patients with a median last known well to thrombolysis time of 87 minutes, 159 (16%) had tissue-defined averted stroke and 276 (27%) had stroke with early symptom resolution. Compared with standard management, MSU care was associated with more tissue-defined averted stroke (18% vs 11%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-2.98) and stroke with early symptom resolution (31% vs 21%, aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.12-2.61). The relationships between thrombolysis treatment time and averted/early recovered stroke appeared nonlinear. Most models indicated increased odds for stroke with early symptom resolution but not tissue-defined averted stroke with earlier treatment. Additionally, younger age, female gender, hyperlipidemia, lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, lower blood pressure, and no large vessel occlusion were associated with both tissue-defined averted stroke and stroke with early symptom resolution. INTERPRETATION In optimized stroke systems, 1 in 4 patients treated with thrombolysis recovered within 24 hours and 1 in 6 had no demonstrable brain injury on imaging. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:347-361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak B Navi
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ivo Bach
- Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Alexandra L Czap
- Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Jose-Miguel Yamal
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Asha P Jacob
- Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | | | - Suja S Rajan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Saad Mir
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carla Sherman
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joshua Z Willey
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael O Gonzalez
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Noopur Singh
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | | | - David Ornelas
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Anne W Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, College of Nursing and College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - May Nour
- Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ilana Spokoyny
- Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA
| | - Jason Mackey
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah Q Collins
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kelly Silnes
- University of Buckingham Medical School, Buckingham, UK
| | - Mathew E Fink
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joey English
- Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA
| | - Nobl Barazangi
- Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA
| | - Patti L Bratina
- Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Jay Volpi
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Chethan P V Rao
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - David Persse
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James C Grotta
- Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
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6
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Pirlog BO, Jacob AP, Rajan SS, Yamal JM, Parker SA, Wang M, Bowry R, Czap A, Bratina PL, Gonzalez MO, Singh N, Zou J, Gonzales NR, Jones WJ, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV, Navi BB, Nour M, Spokoyny I, Mackey J, Silnes K, Fink ME, Pisarro Sherman C, Willey J, Saver JL, English J, Barazangi N, Ornelas D, Volpi J, Pv Rao C, Griffin L, Persse D, Grotta JC. Outcomes of patients with pre-existing disability managed by mobile stroke units: A sub-analysis of the BEST-MSU study. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:1209-1218. [PMID: 37337357 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231185471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data exist on acute stroke treatment in patients with pre-existing disability (PD) since they are usually excluded from clinical trials. A recent trial of mobile stroke units (MSUs) demonstrated faster treatment and improved outcomes, and included PD patients. AIM To determine outcomes with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and benefit of MSU versus management by emergency medical services (EMS), for PD patients. METHODS Primary outcomes were utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale (uw-mRS). Linear and logistic regression models compared outcomes in patients with versus without PD, and PD patients treated by MSU versus standard management by EMS. Time metrics, safety, quality of life, and health-care utilization were compared. RESULTS Of the 1047 tPA-eligible ischemic stroke patients, 254 were with PD (baseline mRS 2-5) and 793 were without PD (baseline mRS 0-1). Although PD patients had worse 90-day uw-mRS, higher mortality, more health-care utilization, and worse quality of life than non-disabled patients, 53% returned to at least their baseline mRS, those treated faster had better outcome, and there was no increased bleeding risk. Comparing PD patients treated by MSU versus EMS, 90-day uw-mRS was 0.42 versus 0.36 (p = 0.07) and 57% versus 46% returned to at least their baseline mRS. There was no interaction between disability status and MSU versus EMS group assignment (p = 0.67) for 90-day uw-mRS. CONCLUSION PD did not prevent the benefit of faster treatment with tPA in the BEST-MSU study. Our data support inclusion of PD patients in the MSU management paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca O Pirlog
- Department of Neuroscience, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Asha P Jacob
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suja S Rajan
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose-Miguel Yamal
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie A Parker
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ritvij Bowry
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra Czap
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patti L Bratina
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael O Gonzalez
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noopur Singh
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinhao Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole R Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William J Jones
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Babak B Navi
- Feil Family and Brain Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - May Nour
- Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Spokoyny
- Department of Neurology, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - Jason Mackey
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly Silnes
- University of Buckingham Medical School, Buckingham, UK
| | - Matthew E Fink
- Feil Family and Brain Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carla Pisarro Sherman
- Feil Family and Brain Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josh Willey
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joey English
- Department of Neurology, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - Nobl Barazangi
- Department of Neurology, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - David Ornelas
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay Volpi
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chethan Pv Rao
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - David Persse
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James C Grotta
- Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Rubin MN, Shah R, Devlin T, Youn TS, Waters MF, Volpi JJ, Stayman A, Douville CM, Lowenkopf T, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. Robot-Assisted Transcranial Doppler Versus Transthoracic Echocardiography for Right to Left Shunt Detection. Stroke 2023; 54:2842-2850. [PMID: 37795589 PMCID: PMC10589435 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right to left shunt (RLS), including patent foramen ovale, is a recognized risk factor for stroke. RLS/patent foramen ovale diagnosis is made by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which is insensitive, transesophageal echocardiography, which is invasive, and transcranial Doppler (TCD), which is noninvasive and accurate but scarce. METHODS We conducted a prospective, single-arm device clinical trial of robot-assisted TCD (raTCD) versus TTE for RLS diagnosis at 6 clinical sites in patients who presented with an event suspicious for embolic cerebrovascular ischemia from October 6, 2020 to October 20, 2021. raTCD was performed with standard TCD bubble study technique. TTE bubble study was performed per local standards. The primary outcome was rate of RLS detection by raTCD versus TTE. RESULTS A total of 154 patients were enrolled, 129 evaluable (intent to scan) and 121 subjects had complete data per protocol. In the intent to scan cohort, mean age was 60±15 years, 47% were women, and all qualifying events were diagnosed as ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. raTCD was positive for RLS in 82 subjects (64%) and TTE was positive in 26 (20%; absolute difference 43.4% [95% CI, 35.2%-52.0%]; P<0.001). On prespecified secondary analysis, large RLS was detected by raTCD in 35 subjects (27%) versus 13 (10%) by TTE (absolute difference 17.0% [95% CI, 11.5%-24.5%]; P<0.001). There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS raTCD was safe and ≈3 times more likely to diagnose RLS than TTE. TTE completely missed or underdiagnosed two thirds of large shunts diagnosed by raTCD. The raTCD device, used by health professionals with no prior TCD training, may allow providers to achieve the known sensitivity of TCD for RLS and patent foramen ovale detection without the need for an experienced operator to perform the test. Pending confirmatory studies, TCD appears to be the superior screen for RLS compared with TTE (funded by NeuraSignal). REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT04604015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Rubin
- Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, IL (M.N.R.)
| | - Ruchir Shah
- CHI Memorial Hospital, Chattanooga, TN (R.S., T.D.)
| | | | - Teddy S. Youn
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (T.S.Y., M.F.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ted Lowenkopf
- Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Portland, OR (T.L.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Andrei V. Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, Banner University Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix (A.V.A.)
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8
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Sequeiros JM, Rodriguez-Calienes A, Chavez-Malpartida SS, Morán-Mariños C, Alvarado-Gamarra G, Malaga M, Quincho-Lopez A, Hernadez-Fernandez W, Pacheco-Barrios K, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Hoit D, Arthur AS, Alexandrov AV, Alva-Diaz C, Elijovich L. Stroke imaging modality for endovascular therapy in the extended window: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:e46-e53. [PMID: 35725306 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-018896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the extended time window, the guidelines recommend advanced imaging (ADVI) to select patients for endovascular therapy (EVT). However, questions remain regarding its availability and applicability in the real world. It is unclear whether an approach to the extended window EVT that does not use ADVI would be equivalent. METHODS In April 2022, a literature search was performed to identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies describing 90-day outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis of the proportion of aggregate using a random effect to estimate rates of functional independence, defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2 at 90 days, mean mRS, mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) stratified by imaging modality. RESULTS Four RCTs and 28 observational studies were included. The pooled proportion of functional independence among patients selected by ADVI was 44% (95% CI 39% to 48%; I2=80%) and 48% (95% CI 41% to 55%; I2=75%) with non-contrast CT/CT angiography (NCCT/CTA) (p=0.36). Mean mRS with ADVI was 2.88 (95% CI 2.36 to 3.41; I2=0.0%) and 2.79 (95% CI 2.31 to 3.27; I2=0.0%) with NCCT (p=0.79). Mortality in patients selected by ADVI was 13% (95% CI 10% to 17%; I2=81%) and 16% (95% CI 12% to 22%; I2=69%) with NCCT (p=0.29). sICH with ADVI was 4% (95% CI 3% to 7%; I2=73%) and 6% with NCCT/CTA (95% CI 4% to 8%; I2=6%, p=0.27). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that, in anterior circulation LVO, the rates of functional independence may be similar when patients are selected using ADVI or NCCT for EVT in the extended time window. A simplified triage protocol does not seem to increase mortality or sICH. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021236092).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Sequeiros
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aaron Rodriguez-Calienes
- Grupo de Investigacion Neurociencia, Efectividad Clinica y Salud Publica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra S Chavez-Malpartida
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Servicio de Neurologia, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia e Investigacion, Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion, Callao, Peru
| | - Cristian Morán-Mariños
- Unidad de Investigacion en Bibliometria, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
- Servicio de Neumologia, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Pediatria, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Marco Malaga
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Peru
| | - Alvaro Quincho-Lopez
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Wendy Hernadez-Fernandez
- Servicio de Neurologia, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia e Investigacion, Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion, Callao, Peru
| | - Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Unidad de Investigacion para la Generacion y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel Hoit
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center - Semmens Murphy Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center - Semmens Murphy Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carlos Alva-Diaz
- Grupo de Investigacion Neurociencia, Efectividad Clinica y Salud Publica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Servicio de Neurologia, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia e Investigacion, Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion, Callao, Peru
| | - Lucas Elijovich
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center - Semmens Murphy Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
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9
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Safouris A, Palaiodimou L, Nardai S, Kargiotis O, Magoufis G, Psychogios K, Matusevicius M, Feil K, Ahmed N, Kellert L, Spiliopoulos S, Brountzos E, Szikora I, Sarraj A, Goyal N, Aguiar de Sousa D, Strbian D, Caso V, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis G. Medical Management Versus Endovascular Treatment for Large-Vessel Occlusion Anterior Circulation Stroke With Low NIHSS. Stroke 2023; 54:2265-2275. [PMID: 37526011 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients presenting with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 0 to 5 is common in clinical practice but has not yet been proven safe and effective. Our objective is to assess whether EVT on top of best medical treatment (BMT) in AIS patients with large-vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation presenting with mild symptoms is beneficial compared with BMT. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and reference lists of retrieved articles published until December 28, 2022. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials or observational cohort studies evaluating patients with AIS due to anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5 treated with EVT versus BMT alone. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1) at 3 months. The protocol had been registered before data collection (PROSPERO). RESULTS Eleven observational eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 2019 AIS patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5 treated with EVT versus 3171 patients treated with BMT. EVT was not associated with excellent functional outcome (risk ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.93-1.31]). When stratified for different study design (per-protocol versus intention-to-treat), there were no significant subgroup differences. EVT was not associated with good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2; risk ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.16]) or reduced disability at 3 months (common odds ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.60-1.41]). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was more common in the patients receiving EVT (risk ratio, 3.53 [95% CI, 2.35-5.31]). No correlation was found between EVT and mortality at 3 months (risk ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 0.83-2.18]). The same overall associations were confirmed in the sensitivity analysis of studies that performed propensity score matching. CONCLUSIONS EVT appears equivalent to BMT for patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion AIS with low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, despite the increased risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42022334417.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Safouris
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (A. Safouris, O.K., K.P.)
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A. Safouris, L.P., G.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department Section of Neurointervention, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (A. Safouris, S.N., I.S.)
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A. Safouris, L.P., G.T.)
| | - Sándor Nardai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department Section of Neurointervention, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (A. Safouris, S.N., I.S.)
| | - Odysseas Kargiotis
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (A. Safouris, O.K., K.P.)
| | - George Magoufis
- Neuroradiology Department, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (G.M.)
- Interventional Radiology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.M., S.S., E.B.)
| | | | - Marius Matusevicius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
| | - Katharina Feil
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) Munich, Germany (K.F., L.K.)
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen/Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen (UKT), Germany (K.F.)
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) Munich, Germany (K.F., L.K.)
| | - Stavros Spiliopoulos
- Interventional Radiology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.M., S.S., E.B.)
| | - Elias Brountzos
- Interventional Radiology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.M., S.S., E.B.)
| | - István Szikora
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department Section of Neurointervention, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (A. Safouris, S.N., I.S.)
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (A. Sarraj)
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A. Sarraj)
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (N.G., A.V.A., G.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis (N.G.)
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Stroke Center, Lisbon Central University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal (D.A.D.S.)
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland (D.S.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy (V.C.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (N.G., A.V.A., G.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Banner University Hospital, University of Arizona, Phoenix (A.V.A.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A. Safouris, L.P., G.T.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (N.G., A.V.A., G.T.)
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10
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Polak JF, Alexandrov AV. Accuracy of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) Carotid Doppler Velocity Criteria for Grading North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis. J Ultrasound Med 2023; 42:1423-1435. [PMID: 36527708 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) consensus panel proposed six Doppler velocity cut points for classifying internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis of 50% and 70% according to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) method. Their relative accuracies have not been compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS Meta-analysis performed following comprehensive literature review and identification of manuscripts with graphs of individual patient NASCET ICA stenosis measured by arteriography versus ICA peak-systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and ICA PSV to common carotid artery (CCA) PSV. True positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives were calculated and used in two-level mixed effects models. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. Areas under the ROC curves were estimated. RESULTS Nine studies performed between 1993 and 2016 were identified after review of 337 manuscripts. There were 1738 bifurcation data points extracted for PSV, 1026 for EDV, and 775 for ICA/CCA ratio. The highest sensitivity was 96% (95% CI: 93%, 98%) for PSV of 125 cm/s (50% stenosis) and highest specificity 86% (95% CI: 71%, 93%) for PSV of 230 cm/s (70% stenosis). Areas under the ROC curves ranged from a high of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92, 0.95) for PSV (50% stenosis) to a low of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.88) for EDV (70% stenosis). CONCLUSIONS The SRU consensus Doppler cut points vary in their accuracies for predicting ICA stenosis. The PSV cut points have tradeoffs: high sensitivity/low specificity for 50% stenosis and high specificity/moderate sensitivity for 70% stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Polak
- Department of Radiology, Lemuel Shattuck Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Anderson JE, Butler J, Alexandrov AV. Reducing Ischemic Stroke in Diabetes: The Role of GLP-1 RAs. J Fam Pract 2023; 72:S55-S60. [PMID: 37549420 DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and diabetes is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke occurrence and recurrence. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) lower the risk of ischemic stroke through beneficial effects on traditional stroke risk factors such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) can play a substantial role in reducing ischemic stroke; studies have indicated that patients who have a PCP at the time of first stroke have a lower risk of stroke recurrence. Clinical practice guidelines recommend treating type 2 diabetes in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease with glucose-lowering agents with proven CV benefit, such as GLP-1 RAs and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Based on meta-analyses of CV outcomes trials, GLP-1 RAs have a substantial and statistically significant benefit on ischemic stroke risk reduction, whereas SGLT2 inhibitors have a nonsignificant effect. The use of GLP-1 RAs, in addition to non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management of traditional stroke risk factors, is a key component of complex therapy for ischemic stroke risk reduction.
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12
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Bach I, Czap AL, Parker SA, Jacob AP, Mir S, Wang M, Yamal JM, Rajan SS, Saver JL, Gonzalez MO, Singh N, Jones W, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV, Nour M, Spokoyny I, Mackey J, Fink ME, English J, Barazangi N, Volpi JJ, Venkatasubba Rao CP, Kass JS, Griffin LJ, Persse D, Grotta JC, Navi BB. Abstract WP6: Strokes Averted by Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Secondary Analysis of the BEST-MSU Trial. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wp6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
While the goal of IV tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is to prevent infarction, few data exist on averted stroke.
Methods:
Secondary analysis of a multicenter trial from 2014-2020 comparing outcomes between patients treated for stroke by mobile stroke unit (MSU) vs standard care (SC). The analytical cohort were patients with suspected stroke treated with IV TPA. The primary outcome was a time-defined averted stroke diagnosis, defined as a final diagnosis of stroke with resolution of presenting symptoms/signs by 24 hours. The secondary outcome was a tissue-defined averted stroke diagnosis, defined as a final diagnosis of stroke with resolution of presenting symptoms/signs by 24 hours and no acute infarction/hemorrhage on imaging. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations between study exposures (demographics, comorbidities, stroke characteristics) and outcomes.
Results:
Among 1009 patients with a median last known well-to-TPA time of 87 minutes, 276 patients (27%) had a time-defined averted stroke (31% MSU, 21% SC) and 159 patients (16%) had a tissue-defined averted stroke (18% MSU, 11% SC). Factors independently associated with time-defined averted stroke were younger age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99), female sex (0R, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.74), hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.81, 95% CI, 1.24-2.64), normal premorbid function (0R, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.37-3.67), lower glucose (OR, 0.996; 95% CI, 0.993-0.999), lower MAP (OR, 0.991; 95% CI, 0.983-0.998), MSU care (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.21-2.62), lower NIH stroke scale (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.86-0.93), and no large vessel occlusion (LVO) (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32-0.83). For tissue-based averted stroke, younger age, female sex, hyperlipidemia, lower MAP, MSU treatment, lower NIH stroke scale, and no LVO were significantly associated.
Conclusion:
In a modern acute stroke trial, one-in-four patients treated with TPA for stroke recovered within 24 hours and one-in-six had no demonstrable brain injury on imaging. Younger age, female sex, hyperlipidemia, lower MAP, MSU care, lower stroke severity, and no LVO may increase the odds of averting stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Bach
- Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Med Sch, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Saad Mir
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Univ of Texas Sch of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Michael O. Gonzalez
- Dept of Biostatistics and Data Science, Univ of Texas Sch of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Noopur Singh
- Univ of Texas Health Sch of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - May Nour
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Med Cntr, Los Angeles, CA
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Pirlog BO, Jacob AP, Yamal JM, Parker S, Rajan SS, Bowry R, Czap AL, Bratina P, Gonzalez MO, Singh N, Wang M, Zou J, Gonzales NR, Jones WJ, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV, Navi BB, Nour M, Spokoyny I, Mackey JS, Fink ME, Saver JL, English JD, Barazangi N, Volpi JJ, Rao CP, Kass JS, Griffin L, Persse D, Grotta JC. Abstract WMP2: Acute Stroke Treatment In Patients With Pre-exiting Disability: A Secondary Analysis Of The BEST-MSU Trial. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wmp2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Few data exists on acute stroke treatment in patients with pre-existing disability (PD) since they are usually excluded from clinical trials.
Methods:
A pre-specified subgroup analysis of tPA-eligible patients with PD enrolled in a prospective multicenter trial of Mobile Stroke Units (MSUs) vs standard management by emergency medical services (EMS). All patients had baseline mRS scores. Co-primary outcomes were mean utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale score (uw-mRS) and return to baseline mRS at 90 days. Linear and logistic regression models compared outcomes in patients with vs without PD, and patients with PD treated by MSU vs EMS. Time metrics, safety, quality of life, and health-care utilization were also compared.
Results:
Of 1047 patients, 254 had baseline mRS
>=
2 (159 MSU, 95 EMS; 31% mRS 2, 52% mRS 3, 17% mRS 4). Compared to patients without disability, patients with PD were older, had higher NIHSS, more comorbidities, less often lived at home, were treated slower, and had less thrombectomy. Patients with PD had worse 90-day uw-mRS (0.39 vs 0.80), higher mortality, more health-care utilization and worse quality of life than patients without PD. However, rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and final diagnoses of stroke mimics were similar between groups, and 52% of patients with PD returned to their baseline mRS. Patients with PD treated within the first hour had better 90-day uw-mRS than those treated later (0.48 vs 0.36, p=0.01). Comparing patients with PD treated by MSU vs EMS, time from last-known-well to tPA bolus was shorter (82 vs 111 min), and 24% vs 0% were treated in the first hour. Among patients with PD, MSU patients had non-significantly better 90-day uw-mRS (0.41 vs 0.35, p=0.09) and higher rate of returning to baseline mRS (56% vs 44%, p=0.09) than EMS patients. There was no interaction between either time to treatment (p=0.24) or MSU vs EMS group assignment (p= 0.42), 90-day uw-mRS, and PD vs no disability status.
Conclusion:
Although outcomes after stroke are less favorable in patients with vs without PD, in a large, controlled trial, we found no interaction between baseline disability and the benefit of MSU treatment. Our data support the earliest treatment of acute stroke patients regardless of premorbid functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca O Pirlog
- County Emergency Hosp, Dept of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Asha P Jacob
- Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston McGovern Med Sch, Dept of Neurology, Houston, TX
| | - Jose-Miguel Yamal
- Univ of Texas Sch of Public Health, Dept of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Stephanie Parker
- Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston McGovern Med Sch, Dept of Neurology, Houston, TX
| | - Suja S Rajan
- Univ of Texas Sch of Public Health, Dept of Management, Policy and Community Health, Houston, TX
| | - Ritvij Bowry
- Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston McGovern Med Sch, Dept of Neurosurgery, Houston, TX
| | - Alexandra L Czap
- Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston McGovern Med Sch, Dept of Neurology, Houston, TX
| | - Patti Bratina
- Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston McGovern Med Sch, Dept of Neurology, Houston, TX
| | - Michael O Gonzalez
- Univ of Texas Sch of Public Health, Dept of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Noopur Singh
- Univ of Texas Sch of Public Health, Dept of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Univ of Texas Sch of Public Health, Dept of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Jinhao Zou
- Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Cntr, Dept of Biostatistics, Houston, TX
| | - Nicole R Gonzales
- Univ of Colorado - Anschutz Med Campus, Dept of Neurology, Aurora, CO
| | - William J Jones
- Univ of Colorado - Anschutz Med Campus, Dept of Neurology, Aurora, CO
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- Univ of Tennessee Health Science Cntr College of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Univ of Tennessee Health Science Cntr College of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Memphis, TN
| | - Babak B Navi
- Weill Cornell Med College, Neurology and the Brain and Mind Rsch Institute, New York, NY
| | - May Nour
- Ronald Reagan Univ of California, Los Angeles Med Cntr, Dept of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ilana Spokoyny
- Mills-Peninsula Med Cntr, Dept of Neurology, Bulingame, CA
| | - Jason S Mackey
- Indiana Univ Sch of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Indiana, IN
| | - Matthew E Fink
- New York-Presbyterian Hosp/Weill Cornell Med Cntr, Dept of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Ronald Reagan Univ of California, Los Angeles Med Cntr, Dept of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joey D English
- Mills-Peninsula Med Cntr, Dept of Neurology, Bulingame, CA
| | - Nobl Barazangi
- Mills-Peninsula Med Cntr, Dept of Neurology, Bulingame, CA
| | - John J Volpi
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Dept of Neurology, Houston, TX
| | - Chetan P Rao
- Baylor College of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph S Kass
- Harris Health-Ben-Taub General Hosp, Dept of Neurology, Houston, TX
| | | | - David Persse
- Univ of Texas Dept McGovern Med Sch,Dept of Emergency Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James C Grotta
- Memorial Hermann Texas Med Cntr, Mobile Stroke Unit, Houston, TX
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14
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Rubin MN, Chang I, Waters M, Shah R, Devlin T, Alexandrov AV. Abstract TMP65: Robot-assisted Transcranial Doppler
Versus
Transthoracic Echocardiography For Right To Left Shunt Detection: “Real World” First-look. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.tmp65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Right to left shunt (RLS), including patent foramen ovale (PFO), is a recognized risk factor for stroke. RLS/PFO diagnosis can be made by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) or transcranial Doppler (TCD). A multicenter, prospectively enrolled device trial of robot-assisted TCD (raTCD) vs TTE for RLS detection (BUBL, NCT04604015) was completed. This demonstrated raTCD detecting all and large RLS at approximately 3 times the rate of TTE (primary outcome, any RLS: raTCD 64% vs TTE 20% [absolute difference 43.4% (95% CI 34.3%-52.5%), p < 0.001]). It is unknown if these results are generalizable to routine practice.
Methods:
We conducted a multi-site retrospective review of prospectively collected “real-world” clinical data of raTCD for RLS diagnosis. All patients referred for a clinical study at the participating sites who underwent raTCD were included. raTCD was performed with standard TCD bubble study technique at all sites. Outcomes included demographics, rate of RLS detection, all and large (Spencer Logarithmic Scale ≥3), as well as “no window” rate. These results were compared to the results of BUBL with descriptive statistics and 2-sample proportion tests.
Results:
There were 350 patients who underwent clinical raTCD across three participating sites. In this population, the mean age was 56 ± 13 years compared to 59 ± 14 years in BUBL (p = 0.03, 95% CI 0.20-5.49). Both cohorts were 46% female. The clinical population had any RLS on raTCD in 54% (189/350) compared to 64% in BUBL, which was not a significant difference (p= 0.14, 95% CI -0.02-0.18). Large RLS was detected in 26% (91/350) of the clinical population as compared to 28% in BUBL, which was also not a significant difference (p = 0.89, 95% CI -0.08-0.11). The “no window” rate in the clinical population was 5% (18/350), compared to 8% in BUBL (p = 0.39, 95% CI -0.03-0.08).
Conclusions:
The same raTCD device that was safe and 3 times more likely to diagnose RLS than TTE in a device trial detected all and large RLS in clinical practice at a rate similar to that demonstrated in the device trial. These results further support the notion that raTCD may allow providers to achieve the known sensitivity of TCD for RLS and PFO detection without the need for an experienced operator, even in a “real world” clinical setting.
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15
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Theodorou A, Palaiodimou L, Malhotra K, Zompola C, Katsanos AH, Shoamanesh A, Boviatsis E, Dardiotis E, Spilioti M, Sacco S, Werring DJ, Cordonnier C, Alexandrov AV, Paraskevas GP, Tsivgoulis G. Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2023; 54:178-188. [PMID: 36453271 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data regarding the prevalence of distinct clinical, neuroimaging and genetic markers among patients diagnosed with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri). We sought to determine the prevalence of clinical, radiological, genetic and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker findings in patients with CAA-ri. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies including patients with CAA-ri was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinical, neuroimaging, genetic and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker findings. Subgroup analyses were performed based on (1) prospective or retrospective study design and (2) CAA-ri diagnosis with or without available biopsy. We pooled the prevalence rates using random-effects models and assessed the heterogeneity using Cochran-Q and I2-statistics. RESULTS We identified 4 prospective and 17 retrospective cohort studies comprising 378 patients with CAA-ri (mean age, 71.5 years; women, 52%). The pooled prevalence rates were as follows: cognitive decline at presentation 70% ([95% CI, 54%-84%]; I2=82%), focal neurological deficits 55% ([95% CI, 40%-70%]; I2=82%), encephalopathy 54% ([95% CI, 39%-68%]; I2=43%), seizures 37% ([95% CI, 27%-49%]; I2=65%), headache 31% ([95% CI, 22%-42%]; I2=58%), T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-hyperintense white matter lesions 98% ([95% CI, 93%-100%]; I2=44%), lobar cerebral microbleeds 96% ([95% CI, 92%-99%]; I2=25%), gadolinium enhancing lesions 54% ([95% CI, 42%-66%]; I2=62%), cortical superficial siderosis 51% ([95% CI, 34%-68%]; I2=77%) and lobar macrohemorrhage 40% ([95% CI, 11%-73%]; I2=88%). The prevalence rate of the ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) ε4/ε4 genotype was 34% ([95% CI, 17%-53%]; I2=76%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated no differences in these prevalence rates based on study design and diagnostic strategy. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive decline was the most common clinical feature. Hyperintense T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery white matter lesions and lobar cerebral microbleeds were by far the most prevalent neuroimaging findings. Thirty-four percent of patients with CAA-ri have homozygous ApoE ε4/ε4 genotype and scarce data exist regarding the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and its significance in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology (A.T., L.P., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.), National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology (A.T., L.P., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.), National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece
| | - Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA (K.M.)
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Department of Neurology (A.T., L.P., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.), National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S.)
| | - Efstathios Boviatsis
- Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Greece (E.D.)
| | - Martha Spilioti
- First Department of Neurology, AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.S.)
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Italy (S.S.)
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom (D.J.W.)
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172, LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, France (C.C.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.V.A., G.T.)
| | - George P Paraskevas
- Second Department of Neurology (A.T., L.P., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.), National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology (A.T., L.P., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.), National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.V.A., G.T.)
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16
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Dusenbury W, Malkoff MD, Schellinger PD, Köhrmann M, Arthur AS, Elijovich L, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AW. International beliefs and head positioning practices in patients with spontaneous hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231161162. [PMID: 36993938 PMCID: PMC10041589 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231161162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior to the conduct of the Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST), an international survey (n = 128) revealed equipoise for selection of head position in acute ischemic stroke. Objectives We aimed to determine whether equipoise exists for head position in spontaneous hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients following HeadPoST. Design This is an international, web-distributed survey focused on head positioning in hyperacute ICH patients. Methods A survey was constructed to examine clinicians' beliefs and practices associated with head positioning of hyperacute ICH patients. Survey items were developed with content experts, piloted, and then refined before distributing through stroke listservs, social media, and purposive snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and χ2 test. Results We received 181 responses representing 13 countries on four continents: 38% advanced practice providers, 32% bedside nurses, and 30% physicians; overall, participants had median 7 [interquartile range (IQR) = 3-12] years stroke experience with a median of 100 (IQR = 37.5-200) ICH admissions managed annually. Participants disagreed that HeadPoST provided 'definitive evidence' for head position in ICH and agreed that their 'written admission orders include 30-degree head positioning', with 54% citing hospital policies for this head position in hyperacute ICH. Participants were unsure whether head positioning alone could influence ICH longitudinal outcomes. Use of serial proximal clinical and technology measures during the head positioning intervention were identified by 82% as the most appropriate endpoints for future ICH head positioning trials. Conclusion Interdisciplinary providers remain unconvinced by HeadPoST results that head position does not matter in hyperacute ICH. Future trials examining the proximal effects of head positioning on clinical stability in hyperacute ICH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc D. Malkoff
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Adam S. Arthur
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Semmes-Murphey Neurosurgery, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lucas Elijovich
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Semmes-Murphey Neurosurgery, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrei V. Alexandrov
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Banner University Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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17
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Katsanos AH, Sarraj A, Froehler M, Purrucker J, Goyal N, Regenhardt RW, Palaiodimou L, Mueller-Kronast NH, Lemmens R, Schellinger PD, Sacco S, Turc G, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis G. Intravenous Thrombolysis Initiated Before Transfer for Endovascular Stroke Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2022; 100:e1436-e1443. [PMID: 36581469 PMCID: PMC10104605 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The role of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with large vessel occlusions (LVOs) administered prior to transfer from a primary stroke center (PCS) to a comprehensive stroke center (CSC) is questioned. METHODS We included observational studies of patients with an LVO receiving IVT at a PCS prior to their EVT transfer compared to those receiving EVT alone. Efficacy outcomes included excellent or good functional outcomes [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0-1 or 0-2, respectively] and reduced disability (mRS shift analysis) at three months. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 hours and three-month all-cause mortality. Associations are reported with crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs (aOR). RESULTS We identified 6 studies, including 1723 participants (mean age: 71 years, 51% women; 53% treated with IVT at a PSC). The mean onset-to-groin puncture time did not differ between the two groups (mean difference:-20 min, 95%CI:-115.89,76.04). Patients receiving IVT prior to transfer had higher odds of three-month reduced disability (common OR=1.98; 95%CI:1.17-3.35), excellent (OR=1.70,95%CI:1.28-2.26) and good (OR=1.62,95%CI:1.15-2.29) functional outcomes, with no increased sICH (OR=0.87,95%CI:0.54-1.39) or mortality (OR=0.55,95%CI:0.37-0.83) risks. In the adjusted analyses patients receiving IVT at a PSC had higher odds of excellent functional outcome (aOR=1.32,95%CI:1.00-1.74) and lower probability for mortality (aOR=0.50,95%CI:0.27-0.93). DISCUSSION LVO patients receiving IVT at a PSC prior to an EVT transfer have higher likelihood of excellent functional recovery and lower odds of mortality, with no increase in sICH and onset-to-groin puncture times, compared to those transferred for EVT without previously receiving IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis H Katsanos
- . Division of Neurology, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- . Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University - University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Froehler
- . Cerebrovascular Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jan Purrucker
- . Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Nitin Goyal
- . Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert William Regenhardt
- . Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- . Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Robin Lemmens
- . Department of Neurosciencess, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,. Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,. Department of Neurologyy, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter D Schellinger
- . Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatricss, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simona Sacco
- . Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciencess, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Guillaume Turc
- . Department of Neurologyy, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UniversitéParis Cité, INSERM U1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- . Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- . Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; .,. Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Kuramatsu JB, Gerner ST, Ziai W, Bardutzky J, Sembill JA, Sprügel MI, Mrochen A, Kölbl K, Ram M, Avadhani R, Falcone GJ, Selim MH, Lioutas VA, Endres M, Zweynert S, Vajkoczy P, Ringleb PA, Purrucker JC, Volkmann J, Neugebauer H, Erbguth F, Schellinger PD, Knappe UJ, Fink GR, Dohmen C, Minnerup J, Reichmann H, Schneider H, Röther J, Reimann G, Schwarz M, Bäzner H, Claßen J, Michalski D, Witte OW, Günther A, Hamann GF, Lücking H, Dörfler A, Ishfaq MF, Chang JJ, Testai FD, Woo D, Alexandrov AV, Staykov D, Goyal N, Tsivgoulis G, Sheth KN, Awad IA, Schwab S, Hanley DF, Huttner HB. Association of Intraventricular Fibrinolysis With Clinical Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2022; 53:2876-2886. [PMID: 35521958 PMCID: PMC9398945 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.038455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage constitutes a promising therapeutic target. Intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) reduces mortality, yet impact on functional disability remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the influence of IVF on functional outcomes. METHODS This individual participant data meta-analysis pooled 1501 patients from 2 randomized trials and 7 observational studies enrolled during 2004 to 2015. We compared IVF versus standard of care (including placebo) in patients treated with external ventricular drainage due to acute hydrocephalus caused by ICH with intraventricular hemorrhage. The primary outcome was functional disability evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS; range: 0-6, lower scores indicating less disability) at 6 months, dichotomized into mRS score: 0 to 3 versus mRS: 4 to 6. Secondary outcomes included ordinal-shift analysis, all-cause mortality, and intracranial adverse events. Confounding and bias were adjusted by random effects and doubly robust models to calculate odds ratios and absolute treatment effects (ATE). RESULTS Comparing treatment of 596 with IVF to 905 with standard of care resulted in an ATE to achieve the primary outcome of 9.3% (95% CI, 4.4-14.1). IVF treatment showed a significant shift towards improved outcome across the entire range of mRS estimates, common odds ratio, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.39-2.17), reduced mortality, odds ratio, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.35-0.64), without increased adverse events, absolute difference, 1.0% (95% CI, -2.7 to 4.8). Exploratory analyses provided that early IVF treatment (≤48 hours) after symptom onset was associated with an ATE, 15.2% (95% CI, 8.6-21.8) to achieve the primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS As compared to standard of care, the administration of IVF in patients with acute hydrocephalus caused by intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage was significantly associated with improved functional outcome at 6 months. The treatment effect was linked to an early time window <48 hours, specifying a target population for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan T. Gerner
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wendy Ziai
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Mrochen
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kölbl
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Malathi Ram
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Radhika Avadhani
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Guido J. Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Magdy H. Selim
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK), Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE), Germany
| | - Sarah Zweynert
- Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter A. Ringleb
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Jan C. Purrucker
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Neugebauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Erbguth
- Department of Neurology, Nuremberg General Hospital, Germany
| | - Peter D. Schellinger
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, Germany
| | - Ulrich J. Knappe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, Germany
| | | | - Christian Dohmen
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, LVR-Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hauke Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Augsburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Röther
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Klinikum Hamburg Altona, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Claßen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Otto W. Witte
- Department of Neurology, University of Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard F. Hamann
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lücking
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | - Jason J Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, USA
| | - Fernando D. Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, USA
| | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Dimitre Staykov
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Issam A. Awad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Daniel F. Hanley
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Hagen B. Huttner
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Krishnaiah B, Dawkins D, Nguyen VN, Ishfaq MF, Pandhi A, Krishnan R, Tsivgoulis G, Elangovan C, Rubin M, Nearing K, Alexandrov AW, Arthur AS, Alexandrov AV, Goyal N. Yield of ASPECTS and collateral CTA Selection for mechanical thrombectomy within 6-24 hours from symptom onset in a hub and spoke system. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106602. [PMID: 35724490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent extended window trials support the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in anterior circulation large vessel occlusions with clinical-radiographic dissociation. Using trial imaging criteria, 6% were found eligible for MT in the EW in a hub-and-spoke system. We examined the eligibility and outcomes in consecutive extended window-mechanical thrombectomy patients using more pragmatic selection criteria. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed single-institution data of anterior circulation large vessel occlusions patients presenting between 6-24 h who underwent mechanical thrombectomy based on a priori determined criteria including non-contrast CT head ASPECTS ≥ 6 and/or CTA collateral scores ASITN/SIR 2-4. Primary outcomes consisted of post-mechanical thrombectomy TICI 2b-3 and 3-month modified Rankin scores; safety outcomes consisted of in-hospital mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS 767 consecutive acute ischemic strokes patients presented within the 6-24 hour window, and of these 48 (6%) anterior circulation large vessel occlusions patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy. In this cohort the mean age was 63±17 years, 56% were male, the median NIHSS was 16 [IQR 10-19], the median ASPECTS was 9 (IQR 8-10), and 79% (n=38) had good CTA collaterals. Occlusions were primarily M1 MCA (46%), with 29% tandem occlusions. Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b or 3) was achieved in 73% (n=35), while 6% (n=3) of patients developed symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. In-hospital mortality was 25% (n=12) while 40% (n=19) achieved 3-month modified Rankin Scores 0-2. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the use of pragmatic imaging approach of ASPECTS ≥6 with CTA collateral grade in extended time window which is already established in most hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnaiah
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Demi Dawkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis USA.
| | - Vincent N Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis USA.
| | - Muhammad F Ishfaq
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Abhi Pandhi
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Rashi Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Cheran Elangovan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Mark Rubin
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Katherine Nearing
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis USA.
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA.
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis USA.
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Razumovsky AY, Jahangiri FR, Balzer J, Alexandrov AV. ASNM and ASN joint guidelines for transcranial Doppler ultrasonic monitoring: An update. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:781-797. [PMID: 35589555 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, it seems prudent to reconsider how ultrasound technology can be used for providing intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring that will result in better patient outcomes and decreased length and cost of hospitalization. An extensive and rapidly growing literature suggests that the essential hemodynamic information provided by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography neuromonitoring (TCDNM) would provide effective monitoring modality for improving outcomes after different types of vascular, neurosurgical, orthopedic, cardiovascular, and cardiothoracic surgeries and some endovascular interventional or diagnostic procedures, like cardiac catheterization or cerebral angiography. Understanding, avoiding, and preventing peri- or postoperative complications, including neurological deficits following abovementioned surgeries, endovascular intervention, or diagnostic procedures, represents an area of great public and economic benefit for society, especially considering the aging population. The American Society of Neurophysiologic Monitoring and American Society of Neuroimaging Guidelines Committees formed a joint task force and developed updated guidelines to assist in the use of TCDNM in the surgical and intensive care settings. Specifically, these guidelines define (1) the objectives of TCD monitoring; (2) the responsibilities and behaviors of the neurosonographer during monitoring; (3) instrumentation and acquisition parameters; (4) safety considerations; (5) contemporary rationale for TCDNM; (6) TCDNM perspectives; and (7) major recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey Balzer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Bhole R, Nouer SS, Tolley EA, Turk A, Siddiqui AH, Alexandrov AV, Arthur AS, Mocco J. Predictors of early neurologic deterioration (END) following stroke thrombectomy. J Neurointerv Surg 2022; 15:584-588. [PMID: 35584910 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-018844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurologic deterioration (END) following ischemic stroke is a serious event and is associated with poor outcomes. However, the incidence and predictors of END after stroke thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion are largely unknown. METHODS The baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the COMPASS trial (NCT02466893) were analyzed. The primary outcome was worsening of ≥4 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) points 24 hours post thrombectomy (4+ END24) and the secondary outcome was deterioration of ≥2 points (2+ END24). RESULTS Among 270 patients, 27 (10%) developed 4+ END24 and 42 (16%) had 2+ END24. Those with 4+ END24 were older (76.4±12.9 vs 70.9±12.9 years; p=0.04), had a higher prevalence of hypertension (96% vs 69%; p=0.003), diabetes (41% vs 27%; p=0.13) and higher pretreatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) (170.4±32.6 vs 157.6±28.1 mmHg; p=0.03). More 4+ END24 patients had failed reperfusion: Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≤2a (26% vs 8%; p=0.003). In unadjusted analysis, older patients and those with hypertension, diabetes, elevated SBP and failed reperfusion had higher odds of 4+ END24. In adjusted analysis, age increase by 5 years led to an increase in 4+ END24 of 28%, diabetes increased odds of 2.6 and failed reperfusion increased odds of 4.5. In the multivariable analysis for the secondary outcome, age (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.109 to 1.593), diabetes (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.247 to 5.764) and failed reperfusion (OR 7.2; 95% CI 0.055 to 0.349) were also significant predictors of 2+ END24. CONCLUSIONS Older patients with acute ischemic stroke who have a history of diabetes or hypertension, with elevated pretreatment SBP and failed reperfusion are at a higher risk of END following stroke thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bhole
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Simonne S Nouer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Tolley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aquilla Turk
- Neurosurgery, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Neurosurgery and Radiology and Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Mocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Tsivgoulis G, Triantafyllou S, Palaiodimou L, Grory BM, Deftereos S, Köhrmann M, Dilaveris P, Ricci B, Tsioufis K, Cutting S, Magiorkinis G, Krogias C, Schellinger PD, Dardiotis E, Rodriguez-Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Aguiar de Sousa D, Sharma M, Gladstone DJ, Sanna T, Wachter R, Furie KL, Alexandrov AV, Yaghi S, Katsanos AH. Prolonged Cardiac Monitoring and Stroke Recurrence: A Meta-analysis. Neurology 2022; 98:e1942-e1952. [PMID: 35264426 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prolonged poststroke cardiac rhythm monitoring (PCM) reveals a substantial proportion of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) with atrial fibrillation (AF) not detected by conventional rhythm monitoring strategies. We evaluated the association between PCM and the institution of stroke preventive strategies and stroke recurrence. METHODS We searched MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases to identify studies reporting stroke recurrence rates in patients with history of recent IS or TIA receiving PCM compared with patients receiving conventional cardiac rhythm monitoring. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed under the random effects model. To explore for differences between the monitoring strategies, we combined direct and indirect evidence for any given pair of monitoring devices assessed within a randomized controlled trial (RCT). RESULTS We included 8 studies (5 RCTs, 3 observational; 2,994 patients). Patients receiving PCM after their index event had a higher rate of AF detection and anticoagulant initiation in RCTs (risk ratio [RR] 3.91, 95% CI 2.54-6.03; RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.66-2.80, respectively) and observational studies (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.57-2.70; RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.43-2.83, respectively). PCM was associated with a lower risk of recurrent stroke during follow-up in observational studies (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.15-0.59), but not in RCTs (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.49-1.07). In indirect analyses of RCTs, the likelihood of AF detection and anticoagulation initiation was higher for implantable loop recorders compared with Holter monitors and external loop recorders. DISCUSSION PCM after an IS or TIA can lead to higher rates of AF detection and anticoagulant initiation. There is no solid RCT evidence supporting that PCM may be associated with lower stroke recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Sokratis Triantafyllou
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Brian Mac Grory
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Spyridon Deftereos
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Martin Köhrmann
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Brittany Ricci
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Shawna Cutting
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Christos Krogias
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Peter D Schellinger
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Campello
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Mukul Sharma
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - David J Gladstone
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Tommaso Sanna
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Rolf Wachter
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Karen L Furie
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- From the Second Department of Neurology (G.T., S.T., L.P., A.H.K.) and Second Department of Cardiology (S.D.), School of Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, First Department of Cardiology (P.D., K.T.), School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.T., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Duke University School of Medicine (B.M.G.), Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.R., S.C., K.L.F.), Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (C.K.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum; Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry (P.D.S.), Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G.), Department of Neurology, Group of Research on Neurovascular Diseases, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute. DCEX, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Neurology (M.S., A.H.K.), McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton; Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS (T.S.); Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (T.S.), Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy; Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology (R.W.), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
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Coote S, Mackey E, Alexandrov AW, Cadilhac DA, Alexandrov AV, Easton D, Zhao H, Langenberg F, Bivard A, Stephenson M, Parsons MW, Campbell BCV, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Middleton S. The Mobile Stroke Unit Nurse: An International Exploration of Their Scope of Practice, Education, and Training. J Neurosci Nurs 2022; 54:61-67. [PMID: 35245919 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Mobile stroke units (MSUs) are ambulance-based prehospital stroke care services. Through immediate roadside assessment and onboard brain imaging, MSUs provide faster stroke management with improved patient outcomes. Mobile stroke units have enabled the development of expanded scope of practice for stroke nurses; however, there is limited published evidence about these evolving prehospital acute nursing roles. AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the expanded scope of practice of nurses working on MSUs by identifying MSUs with onboard nurses; describing the roles and responsibilities, training, and experience of MSU nurses, through a search of the literature; and describing 2 international MSU services incorporating nurses from Memphis, Tennessee, and Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice database using the terms "mobile stroke unit" and "nurse." Existing MSUs were identified through the PRE-hospital Stroke Treatment Organization to determine models that involved nurses. We describe 2 MSUs involving nurses: one in Memphis and one in Melbourne, led by 2 of our authors. RESULTS: Ninety articles were found describing 15 MSUs; however, staffing details were lacking, and it is unknown how many employ nurses. Nine articles described the role of the nurse, but role specifics, training, and expertise were largely undocumented. The MSU in Memphis, the only unit to be staffed exclusively by onboard nurse practitioners, is supported by a neurologist who consults via telephone. The Melbourne MSU plans to trial a nurse-led telemedicine model in the near future. CONCLUSION: We lack information on how many MSUs employ nurses, and the nurses' scope of practice, training, and expertise. Expert stroke nurse practitioners can safely perform many of the tasks undertaken by the onboard neurologist, making a nurse-led telemedicine model an effective and potentially cost-effective model that should be considered for all MSUs.
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Malhotra K, Theodorou A, Katsanos AH, Zompola C, Shoamanesh A, Boviatsis E, Paraskevas GP, Spilioti M, Cordonnier C, Werring DJ, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis G. Prevalence of Clinical and Neuroimaging Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2022; 53:1944-1953. [PMID: 35264008 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of clinical and neuroimaging manifestations among patients diagnosed with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We sought to determine the prevalence of clinical phenotypes and radiological markers in patients with CAA. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including patients with CAA was conducted to primarily assess the prevalence of clinical phenotypes and neuroimaging markers as available in the included studies. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on the (1) retrospective or prospective study design and (2) probable or unspecified CAA status. We pooled the prevalence rates using random-effects models and assessed the heterogeneity using the Cochran Q and I2 statistics. RESULTS We identified 12 prospective and 34 retrospective studies including 7159 patients with CAA. The pooled prevalence rates were cerebral microbleeds (52% [95% CI, 43%-60%]; I2=93%), cortical superficial siderosis (49% [95% CI, 38%-59%]; I2=95%), dementia or mild cognitive impairment (50% [95% CI, 35%-65%]; I2=97%), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; 44% [95% CI, 27%-61%]; I2=98%), transient focal neurological episodes (48%; 10 studies [95% CI, 29%-67%]; I2=97%), lacunar infarcts (30% [95% CI, 25%-36%]; I2=78%), high grades of perivascular spaces located in centrum semiovale (56% [95% CI, 44%-67%]; I2=88%) and basal ganglia (21% [95% CI, 2%-51%]; I2=98%), and white matter hyperintensities with moderate or severe Fazekas score (53% [95% CI, 40%-65%]; I2=91%). The only neuroimaging marker that was associated with higher odds of recurrent ICH was cortical superficial siderosis (odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.01-2.46]; I2=47%). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated a higher prevalence of ICH (53% versus 16%; P=0.03) and transient focal neurological episodes (57% versus 17%; P=0.03) among retrospective studies compared with prospective studies. No difference was documented between the prevalence rates based on the CAA status. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-half of hospital-based cohort of CAA patients was observed to have cerebral microbleeds, cortical superficial siderosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, ICH, or transient focal neurological episodes. Cortical superficial siderosis was the only neuroimaging marker that was associated with higher odds of ICH recurrence. Future population-based studies among well-defined CAA cohorts are warranted to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA (K.M.)
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (A.T., A.H.K., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.)
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (A.T., A.H.K., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.).,Department of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S.)
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (A.T., A.H.K., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S.)
| | - Efstathios Boviatsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (E.B.)
| | - George P Paraskevas
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (A.T., A.H.K., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.)
| | - Martha Spilioti
- First Department of Neurology, AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.S.)
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172, LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, France (C.C.)
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom (D.J.W.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.V.A., G.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (A.T., A.H.K., C.Z., G.P.P., G.T.).,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.V.A., G.T.)
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Katsanos A, Triantafyllou S, Palaiodimou L, Mac Grory B, Deftereos S, Köhrmann M, Dilaveris P, Ricci BA, Tsioufis K, Cutting SM, Magiorkinis G, Krogias C, Schellinger PD, Dardiotis E, Rodriguez Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Aguiar de Sousa D, Sharma MA, GLADSTONE DJ, Sanna T, Wachter R, Furie KL, Alexandrov AV, yaghi S, Tsivgoulis G. Abstract WP179: Impact Of Different Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring Strategies On Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-analysis Of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.wp179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
Prolonged cardiac rhythm monitoring can reveal a substantial proportion of ischemic stroke (IS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to evaluate the potential utility of available prolonged cardiac rhythm monitoring strategies with respect to secondary stroke prevention.
Methods:
We searched Medline and Scopus databases to identify randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing AF detection, anticoagulation initiation and stroke recurrence rates in patients with history of recent IS or transient ischemic attack (TIA) receiving cardiac rhythm monitoring with implantable loop recorders (ILRs), 30-days external loop recorders or Holter monitors. We performed a network meta-analysis to combine direct and indirect evidence for any given pair of monitoring devices that were evaluated within a trial and reported effect estimates with risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results:
We identified 5 RCTs including a total of 2202 patients (mean age 68 years, 40% women). In indirect analyses the likelihood of AF detection and anticoagulation initiation was higher for both ILR (RR=8.48, 95%CI: 3.41, 21.06; RR=3.29, 95%CI: 1.70-6.39) and external loop recorders (RR=3.06, 95%CI: 1.66, 5.61; RR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.03-2.58) compared to Holter devices. The probability of AF detection and anticoagulation initiation was lower for Holter and external loop recorders compared to ILR devices (RR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.85 and RR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.25-0.98, respectively). No difference in the risk of stroke recurrence was found in the indirect comparisons of different cardiac rhythm monitoring strategies.
Conclusion:
The likelihood of AF detection and anticoagulation initiation after an ischemic stroke or TIA is higher with ILRs compared to both external loop recorders and Holter devices.
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Adams HP, Adeoye O, Albers GW, Alexandrov AV, Amin-Hanjani S, An H, Anderson CS, Anrather J, Aparicio HJ, Arai K, Aronowski J, Atchaneeyasakul K, Audebert H, Auer RN, Awad IA, Ay H, Baltan S, Balu R, Behbahani M, Benavente OR, Bershad EM, Berthaud JV, Blackburn SL, Bonati LH, Bösel J, Bousser MG, Broderick JP, Brown MM, Brown W, Brust JC, Bushnell C, Canhão P, Caplan LR, Carrión-Penagos J, Castellanos M, Caunca MR, Chabriat H, Chamorro A, Chen J, Chen J, Chopp M, Christorforids G, Connolly ES, Cramer SC, Cucchiara BL, Czap AL, Dannenbaum MJ, Davis PH, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Day AL, De Silva TM, de Sousa DA, Del Brutto VJ, del Zoppo GJ, Derdeyn CP, Di Tullio MR, Diener HC, Diringer MN, Dobkin BH, Dzialowski I, Elkind MS, Elm J, Feigin VL, Ferro JM, Field TS, Fischer M, Fornage M, Furie KL, Garcia-Bonilla L, Giannotta SL, Gobin YP, Goldberg MP, Goldstein LB, Gonzales NR, Greer DM, Grotta JC, Guo R, Gutierrez J, Harmel P, Howard G, Howard VJ, Hwang JY, Iadecola C, Jahan R, Jickling GC, Joutel A, Kasner SE, Katan M, Kellner CP, Khan M, Kidwell CS, Kim H, Kim JS, Kircher CE, Krings T, Krishnamurthi RV, Kurth T, Lansberg MG, Levy EI, Liebeskind DS, Liew SL, Lin DJ, Lisle B, Lo EH, Lyden PD, Maki T, Maragkos GA, Marosfoi M, McCullough LD, Meckler JM, Meschia JF, Messé SR, Mocco J, Mokin M, Mooney MA, Morgenstern LB, Moskowitz MA, Mullen MT, Nägel S, Nedergaard M, Neira JA, Newman S, Nicholson PJ, Norrving B, O’Donnell M, Ofengeim D, Ogata J, Ogilvy CS, Orrù E, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, Padrick MM, Parsha K, Parsons M, Patel NV, Patel VI, Pawlikowska L, Pérez A, Perez-Pinzon MA, Picard JM, Polster SP, Powers WJ, Puetz V, Putaala J, Rabinovich M, Ransom BR, Roa JA, Rosenberg GA, Rossitto CP, Rundek T, Russin JJ, Sacco RL, Safouris A, Samaniego EA, Sansing LH, Satani N, Sattenberg RJ, Saver JL, Savitz SI, Schmidt C, Seshadri S, Sharma VK, Sharp FR, Sheth KN, Siddiqi OK, Singhal AB, Sobey CG, Sommer CJ, Spetzler RF, Stapleton CJ, Strickland BA, Su H, Suarez JI, Takayama H, Tarsia J, Tatlisumak T, Thomas AJ, Thompson JW, Tsivgoulis G, Tournier-Lasserve E, Vidal G, Wakhloo AK, Weksler BB, Willey JZ, Wintermark M, Wong LK, Xi G, Xu J, Yaghi S, Yamaguchi T, Yang T, Yasaka M, Zahuranec DB, Zhang F, Zhang JH, Zheng Z, Zukin RS, Zweifler RM. Contributors. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tsivgoulis G, Safouris A, Alexandrov AV. Ultrasonography. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bhole R, Sales AM, Lahiri A, Knight L, Womeodu RJ, Townsend AM, Alexandrov AV. Prospective Interventions to Reduce Stroke Care Variation in a Hub-and-Spokes System. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 31:106218. [PMID: 34922161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care variation reduction (CVR) is a central objective of quality management to decrease wasted spending. OBJECTIVE To analyze stroke care variation at a hub-and-spokes system and determine interventions to prospectively reduce unwarranted variation. METHODS In this prospective cohort single arm intervention study providers were blinded to pre-specified endpoints. Care variation was measured for DRGs 61-66 and 69 in USD, and severity level by Case Mix Index (CMI) by provider. A multi-disciplinary task force chaired by Vascular Neurologist analyzed data extracted from Crimson, a patient centric data analysis tool, and determined interventions. The primary measure outcome was change in CMI post intervention. RESULTS Annualized baseline care variation was $ 0.7-1.2M (2017) in a drip-and-ship thrombolytic treatment model within the hub-and-spokes system. Pharmacy expenses contributed to 42% of variation followed by laboratory 12%, physical therapy 11%, supplies 11% and imaging 9%. Interventions to achieve CVR were prospectively implemented in 2018 and CVR was measured in January 2019. Based on 2017 CMI of 1.28, the goal of intervention was set to achieve 7% increase to 1.37 with projected increased revenue of $774,144. After implementation of interventions the actual achieved average CMI in 2018 was 1.40 paralleled by improvement in secondary outcomes of length of stay, observed over expected mortality and re-admission. CONCLUSIONS A drip-and-ship stroke model within a single hub-and-spokes healthcare system can achieve substantial reduction in care variation and associated cost along with improvement in patient care indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bhole
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, United States; Methodist University Hospital, Memphis TN, United States.
| | - Angela M Sales
- Methodist University Hospital, Memphis TN, United States
| | - Anupam Lahiri
- Methodist University Hospital, Memphis TN, United States
| | - Lauren Knight
- Methodist University Hospital, Memphis TN, United States
| | - Robin J Womeodu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, United States; Methodist University Hospital, Memphis TN, United States
| | | | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, United States; Methodist University Hospital, Memphis TN, United States
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Katsanos AH, Malhotra K, Ahmed N, Seitidis G, Mistry EA, Mavridis D, Kim JT, Veroniki A, Maier I, Matusevicius M, Khatri P, Anadani M, Goyal N, Arthur AS, Sarraj A, Yaghi S, Shoamanesh A, Catanese L, Kantzanou M, Psaltopoulou T, Rentzos A, Psychogios M, Van Adel B, Spiotta AM, Sandset EC, de Havenon A, Alexandrov AV, Petersen NH, Tsivgoulis G. Blood Pressure After Endovascular Thrombectomy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 98:e291-e301. [PMID: 34772799 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000013049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between blood pressure (BP) levels after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and the clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). METHODS A study was eligible if it enrolled AIS patients older than 18 years, with an LVO treated with either successful or unsuccessful EVT, and provided either individual or mean 24-hour systolic BP values after the end of the EVT procedure. Individual patient data from all studies were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS A total of 5874 patients (mean age: 69±14 years, 50% women, median NIHSS on admission: 16) from 7 published studies were included. Increasing mean systolic BP levels per 10 mm Hg during the first 24 hours after the end of the EVT were associated with a lower odds of functional improvement (unadjusted common OR=0.82, 95%CI:0.80-0.85; adjusted common OR=0.88, 95%CI:0.84-0.93) and modified Ranking Scale score≤2 (unadjusted OR=0.82, 95%CI:0.79-0.85; adjusted OR=0.87, 95%CI:0.82-0.93), and a higher odds of all-cause mortality (unadjusted OR=1.18, 95%CI:1.13-1.24; adjusted OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.06-1.23) at 3 months. Higher 24-hour mean systolic BP levels were also associated with an increased likelihood of early neurological deterioration (unadjusted OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.07-1.21; adjusted OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.03-1.24) and a higher odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (unadjusted OR=1.20, 95%CI:1.09-1.29; adjusted OR=1.20, 95%CI:1.03-1.38) after EVT. CONCLUSION Increased mean systolic BP levels in the first 24 hours after EVT are independently associated with a higher odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, early neurological deterioration, three-month mortality, and worse three-month functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada .,Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios Seitidis
- Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eva A Mistry
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dimitris Mavridis
- Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Argie Veroniki
- Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilko Maier
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marius Matusevicius
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohammad Anadani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, UT Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Luciana Catanese
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Maria Kantzanou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Rentzos
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marios Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian Van Adel
- Division of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Diagnostic Imaging, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandro M Spiotta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Else Charlotte Sandset
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Karabayir I, Butler L, Goldman SM, Kamaleswaran R, Gunturkun F, Davis RL, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki K, Tanner CM, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV, Chinthala LK, Akbilgic O. Predicting Parkinson's Disease and Its Pathology via Simple Clinical Variables. J Parkinsons Dis 2021; 12:341-351. [PMID: 34602502 PMCID: PMC8842767 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, disabling neurodegenerative disorder. Objective: To predict a future diagnosis of PD using questionnaires and simple non-invasive clinical tests. Methods: Participants in the prospective Kuakini Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) were evaluated biannually between 1995–2017 by PD experts using standard diagnostic criteria. Autopsies were sought on all deaths. We input simple clinical and risk factor variables into an ensemble-tree based machine learning algorithm and derived models to predict the probability of developing PD. We also investigated relationships of predictive models and neuropathologic features such as nigral neuron density. Results: The study sample included 292 subjects, 25 of whom developed PD within 3 years and 41 by 5 years. 116 (46%) of 251 subjects not diagnosed with PD underwent autopsy. Light Gradient Boosting Machine modeling of 12 predictors correctly classified a high proportion of individuals who developed PD within 3 years (area under the curve (AUC) 0.82, 95%CI 0.76–0.89) or 5 years (AUC 0.77, 95%CI 0.71–0.84). A large proportion of controls who were misclassified as PD had Lewy pathology at autopsy, including 79%of those who died within 3 years. PD probability estimates correlated inversely with nigral neuron density and were strongest in autopsies conducted within 3 years of index date (r = –0.57, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Machine learning can identify persons likely to develop PD during the prodromal period using questionnaires and simple non-invasive tests. Correlation with neuropathology suggests that true model accuracy may be considerably higher than estimates based solely on clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Karabayir
- Department of Health Informatics, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Liam Butler
- Department of Health Informatics, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Samuel M Goldman
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Fatma Gunturkun
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Robert L Davis
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - G Webster Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Helen Petrovitch
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Oguz Akbilgic
- Department of Health Informatics, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Grotta JC, Yamal JM, Parker SA, Rajan SS, Gonzales NR, Jones WJ, Alexandrov AW, Navi BB, Nour M, Spokoyny I, Mackey J, Persse D, Jacob AP, Wang M, Singh N, Alexandrov AV, Fink ME, Saver JL, English J, Barazangi N, Bratina PL, Gonzalez M, Schimpf BD, Ackerson K, Sherman C, Lerario M, Mir S, Im J, Willey JZ, Chiu D, Eisshofer M, Miller J, Ornelas D, Rhudy JP, Brown KM, Villareal BM, Gausche-Hill M, Bosson N, Gilbert G, Collins SQ, Silnes K, Volpi J, Misra V, McCarthy J, Flanagan T, Rao CPV, Kass JS, Griffin L, Rangel-Gutierrez N, Lechuga E, Stephenson J, Phan K, Sanders Y, Noser EA, Bowry R. Prospective, Multicenter, Controlled Trial of Mobile Stroke Units. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:971-981. [PMID: 34496173 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile stroke units (MSUs) are ambulances with staff and a computed tomographic scanner that may enable faster treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) than standard management by emergency medical services (EMS). Whether and how much MSUs alter outcomes has not been extensively studied. METHODS In an observational, prospective, multicenter, alternating-week trial, we assessed outcomes from MSU or EMS management within 4.5 hours after onset of acute stroke symptoms. The primary outcome was the score on the utility-weighted modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating better outcomes according to a patient value system, derived from scores on the modified Rankin scale of 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more disability). The main analysis involved dichotomized scores on the utility-weighted modified Rankin scale (≥0.91 or <0.91, approximating scores on the modified Rankin scale of ≤1 or >1) at 90 days in patients eligible for t-PA. Analyses were also performed in all enrolled patients. RESULTS We enrolled 1515 patients, of whom 1047 were eligible to receive t-PA; 617 received care by MSU and 430 by EMS. The median time from onset of stroke to administration of t-PA was 72 minutes in the MSU group and 108 minutes in the EMS group. Of patients eligible for t-PA, 97.1% in the MSU group received t-PA, as compared with 79.5% in the EMS group. The mean score on the utility-weighted modified Rankin scale at 90 days in patients eligible for t-PA was 0.72 in the MSU group and 0.66 in the EMS group (adjusted odds ratio for a score of ≥0.91, 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75 to 3.36; P<0.001). Among the patients eligible for t-PA, 55.0% in the MSU group and 44.4% in the EMS group had a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days. Among all enrolled patients, the mean score on the utility-weighted modified Rankin scale at discharge was 0.57 in the MSU group and 0.51 in the EMS group (adjusted odds ratio for a score of ≥0.91, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.37; P<0.001). Secondary clinical outcomes generally favored MSUs. Mortality at 90 days was 8.9% in the MSU group and 11.9% in the EMS group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute stroke who were eligible for t-PA, utility-weighted disability outcomes at 90 days were better with MSUs than with EMS. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; BEST-MSU ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02190500.).
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Grotta
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Jose-Miguel Yamal
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Stephanie A Parker
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Suja S Rajan
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Nicole R Gonzales
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - William J Jones
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Babak B Navi
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - May Nour
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Ilana Spokoyny
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Jason Mackey
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - David Persse
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Asha P Jacob
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Mengxi Wang
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Noopur Singh
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Matthew E Fink
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Joey English
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Nobl Barazangi
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Patti L Bratina
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Michael Gonzalez
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Brandi D Schimpf
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Kim Ackerson
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Carla Sherman
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Mackenzie Lerario
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Saad Mir
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Jenny Im
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Josh Z Willey
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - David Chiu
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Michael Eisshofer
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Janice Miller
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - David Ornelas
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - James P Rhudy
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Kevin M Brown
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Bryan M Villareal
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Marianne Gausche-Hill
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Nichole Bosson
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Greg Gilbert
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Sarah Q Collins
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Kelly Silnes
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Jay Volpi
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Vivek Misra
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - James McCarthy
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Tom Flanagan
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Chethan P V Rao
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Joseph S Kass
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Laura Griffin
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Nicole Rangel-Gutierrez
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Edgar Lechuga
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Jonathan Stephenson
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Kenny Phan
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Yvette Sanders
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Elizabeth A Noser
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
| | - Ritvij Bowry
- From the Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center (J.C.G., J. McCarthy, T.F.), the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (J.-M.Y., A.P.J., M.W., N.S., M.G.) and Management, Policy, and Community Heath (S.S.R.), University of Texas School of Public Health, the Departments of Neurology (S.A.P., N.R.G., P.L.B., N.R.-G., E.L., J.S., K.P., Y.S., E.A.N., R.B.) and Emergency Medicine (D.P.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the Departments of Emergency Medicine (D.P.) and Neurology (C.P.V.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital (D.C., J.V., V.M.), the Department of Neurology, Harris Health-Ben Taub General Hospital (J.S.K.), and HCA Houston Healthcare (L.G.) - all in Houston; the Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, UCHealth Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.J.J., B.D.S., K.A., M.E., D.O.), and the Department of Neurology, UCHealth Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs (J. Miller) - both in Colorado; the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.W.A., A.V.A., J.P.R.); the Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine (B.B.N., M.E.F., C.S., M.L., S.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (J.Z.W.) - both in New York; the Department of Neurology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles (M.N., J.L.S., K.M.B., B.M.V.), the Department of Neurology, Mills Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame (I.S., J.E., N. Barazangi, J.I.), Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services, Santa Fe Springs (M.G.-H., N. Bosson), and San Mateo County Emergency Medical Services, South San Francisco (G.G.) - all in California; and the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J. Mackey, S.Q.C., K.S.)
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Tsivgoulis G, Katsanos AH, Eggers J, Larrue V, Thomassen L, Grotta JC, Seitidis G, Schellinger PD, Mavridis D, Demchuk A, Novotny V, Molina CA, Veroniki AA, Köhrmann M, Soinne L, Khanevski AN, Barreto AD, Saqqur M, Psaltopoulou T, Muir KW, Fiebach JB, Rothlisberger T, Kent TA, Mandava P, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV. Sonothrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021; 52:3786-3795. [PMID: 34428930 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence about the utility of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis (sonothrombolysis) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sonothrombolysis in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusion, by analyzing individual patient data of available randomized-controlled clinical trials. METHODS We included all available randomized-controlled clinical trials comparing sonothrombolysis with or without addition of microspheres (treatment group) to intravenous thrombolysis alone (control group) in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusion. The primary outcome measure was the rate of complete recanalization at 1 to 36 hours following intravenous thrombolysis initiation. We present crude odds ratios (ORs) and ORs adjusted for the predefined variables of age, sex, baseline stroke severity, systolic blood pressure, and onset-to-treatment time. RESULTS We included 7 randomized controlled clinical trials that enrolled 1102 patients with AIS. A total of 138 and 134 confirmed large vessel occlusion patients were randomized to treatment and control groups respectively. Patients randomized to sonothrombolysis had increased odds of complete recanalization compared with patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis alone (40.3% versus 22.4%; OR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.03-4.54]; adjusted OR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.02-5.34]). The likelihood of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was not significantly different between the 2 groups (7.3% versus 3.7%; OR, 2.03 [95% CI, 0.68-6.11]; adjusted OR, 2.55 [95% CI, 0.76-8.52]). No differences in the likelihood of asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, 3-month favorable functional and 3-month functional independence were documented. CONCLUSIONS Sonothrombolysis was associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the odds of complete recanalization compared with intravenous thrombolysis alone in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusions. Further study of the safety and efficacy of sonothrombolysis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis (G.T., A.W.A., A.V.A.).,Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K.)
| | - Jürgen Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (J.E.).,Department of Neurology, Sana Hospital Lübeck, Germany (J.E.)
| | - Vincent Larrue
- Department of Neurology, University of Toulouse, Hospital Pierre Paul Riquet, France (V.L.)
| | - Lars Thomassen
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (L.T.).,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway (L.T., V.N., A.N.K.)
| | - James C Grotta
- Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston (J.C.G.)
| | - Georgios Seitidis
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, Greece (G.S., D.M.)
| | - Peter D Schellinger
- Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, John Wesling Medical Center Minden, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (P.D.S.)
| | - Dimitris Mavridis
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, Greece (G.S., D.M.).,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, France (D.M.)
| | - Andrew Demchuk
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (A.D.).,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.D.)
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway (L.T., V.N., A.N.K.)
| | - Carlos A Molina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M)
| | - Areti Angeliki Veroniki
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.A.V.).,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.A.V.)
| | - Martin Köhrmann
- Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Lauri Soinne
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki Finland (L.S.)
| | | | - Andrew D Barreto
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.D.B.)
| | - Maher Saqqur
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (M.S.).,Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (M.S.)
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (T.P.)
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - Jochen B Fiebach
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (J.B.F.)
| | | | - Thomas A Kent
- Texas A&M Health Science Center-Houston campus, University of Texas (T.A.K.).,Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX (T.A.K.)
| | - Pitchaiah Mandava
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX (P.M.).,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (P.M.)
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis (G.T., A.W.A., A.V.A.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis (G.T., A.W.A., A.V.A.)
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Alexandrov AW, Arthur AS, Bryndziar T, Swatzell VM, Dusenbury W, Hardage K, McCormick S, Rhudy JP, Maleki AHZ, Singh S, Krishnaiah B, Nearing K, Rubin MN, Malkoff MD, McKendry C, Metter EJ, Alexandrov AV. High-resolution CT with arch/neck/head CT angiography on a mobile stroke unit. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:623-627. [PMID: 34433646 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile stroke units (MSUs) performance dependability and diagnostic yield of 16-slice, ultra-fast CT with auto-injection angiography (CTA) of the aortic arch/neck/circle of Willis has not been previously reported. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study of the first-of-its kind MSU equipped with high resolution, 16-slice CT with multiphasic CTA. Field CT/CTA was performed on all suspected stroke patients regardless of symptom severity or resolution. Performance dependability, efficiency and diagnostic yield over 365 days was quantified. RESULTS 1031 MSU emergency activations occurred; of these, 629 (61%) were disregarded with unrelated diagnoses, and 402 patients transported: 245 (61%) ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, 17 (4%) transient ischemic attack, 140 (35%) other neurologic emergencies. Total time from non-contrast CT/CTA start to images ready for viewing was 4.0 (IQR 3.5-4.5) min. Hemorrhagic stroke totaled 24 (10%): aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage 3, hemorrhagic infarct 1, and 20 intraparenchymal hemorrhages (median intracerebral hemorrhage score was 2 (IQR 1-3), 4 (20%) spot sign positive). In 221 patients with ischemic stroke, 73 (33%) received alteplase with 31.5% treated within 60 min of onset. CTA revealed large vessel occlusion in 66 patients (30%) of which 9 (14%) were extracranial; 27 (41%) underwent thrombectomy with onset to puncture time averaging 141±90 min (median 112 (IQR 90-139) min) with full emergency department (ED) bypass. No imaging needed to be repeated for image quality; all patients were triaged correctly with no inter-hospital transfer required. CONCLUSIONS MSU use of advanced imaging including multiphasic head/neck CTA is feasible, offers high LVO yield and enables full ED bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Neurosurgery, UTHSC COM, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Vascular Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
A proactive clinical approach to stroke care improved functional outcomes with implementation of specialized in-hospital stroke units, urgently delivered systemic thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy and most recently with mobile stroke units deployed in the field. An 18% absolute difference in outcomes as a shift across all modified Rankin Scale strata at 3 months in the recent Berlin study may not be explained by just 8.8% more patients treated within the golden hour for thrombolytic treatment from symptom onset. These findings parallel the findings in the largest controlled multi-center BEST-MSU trial (Benefits of Stroke Treatment Delivered Using a Mobile Stroke Unit) to date. A shortcoming in blinding of the investigators to the mode of transportation is similar to blinding to the endovascular treatment in PROBE (Prospective Randomized Open, Blinded End-Point) design used in thrombectomy trials. A faster access to stroke experts and brain imaging in the field for all patients suspect of stroke regardless symptom nature, severity, duration or resolution delivered by mobile stroke units is likely the reason for improved outcomes akin the impact observed in the initial multidisciplinary approach to in-hospital stroke units and reperfusion therapies delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, Mobile Stroke Unit and City-Wide Stroke Team (A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Yongchai Nilanont
- Department of Medicine, Siriraj Stroke Center, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (Y.N.)
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Katsanos AH, Palaiodimou L, Zand R, Yaghi S, Kamel H, Navi BB, Turc G, Benetou V, Sharma VK, Mavridis D, Shahjouei S, Catanese L, Shoamanesh A, Vadikolias K, Tsioufis K, Lagiou P, Sfikakis PP, Alexandrov AV, Tsiodras S, Tsivgoulis G. Changes in Stroke Hospital Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021; 52:3651-3660. [PMID: 34344166 PMCID: PMC8547579 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We systematically evaluated the impact of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on stroke care across the world. METHODS Observational studies comparing characteristics, acute treatment delivery, or hospitalization outcomes between patients with stroke admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic and those admitted before the pandemic were identified by Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases search. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for all outcomes. RESULTS We identified 46 studies including 129 491 patients. Patients admitted with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic were found to be younger (mean difference, -1.19 [95% CI, -2.05 to -0.32]; I2=70%) and more frequently male (odds ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.01-1.22]; I2=54%) compared with patients admitted with stroke in the prepandemic era. Patients admitted with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic, also, had higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (mean difference, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.12-0.98]; I2=90%), higher probability for large vessel occlusion presence (odds ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.07-2.48]; I2=49%) and higher risk for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.05-1.52]; I2=55%). Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher probability of receiving endovascular thrombectomy treatment (odds ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.05-1.47]; I2=40%). No difference in the rates of intravenous thrombolysis administration or difference in time metrics regarding onset to treatment time for intravenous thrombolysis and onset to groin puncture time for endovascular thrombectomy were detected. CONCLUSIONS The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates an increased prevalence of younger patients, more severe strokes attributed to large vessel occlusion, and higher endovascular treatment rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients admitted with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher in-hospital mortality. These findings need to be interpreted with caution in view of discrepant reports and heterogeneity being present across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., L.C., A.S.).,Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.H.K., L.P., G. Tsivgoulis.)
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.H.K., L.P., G. Tsivgoulis.)
| | - Ramin Zand
- Neurosience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania (R.Z., S.S.)
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, NY (S.Y.)
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (H.K., B.B.N.)
| | - Babak B Navi
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (H.K., B.B.N.)
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, France (G. Turc).,Université de Paris, France (G. Turc).,INSERM U1266, Paris, France (G. Turc).,FHU Neurovasc, Paris, France (G. Turc)
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (V.B., P.L.)
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore and School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (V.K.S.)
| | - Dimitris Mavridis
- Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Greece (D.M.).,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, France (D.M.)
| | - Shima Shahjouei
- Neurosience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania (R.Z., S.S.)
| | - Luciana Catanese
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., L.C., A.S.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., L.C., A.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Greece (K.T.)
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (V.B., P.L.).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Joint Rheumatology Program, First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (P.P.S.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis)
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (S.T.).,National Public Health Organization of Greece, Athens (S.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.H.K., L.P., G. Tsivgoulis.).,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis)
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36
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Malhotra K, Zompola C, Theodorou A, Katsanos AH, Shoamanesh A, Gupta H, Beshara S, Goyal N, Chang J, Tayal AH, Boviatsis E, Voumvourakis K, Cordonnier C, Werring DJ, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis G. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Undetermined Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021; 52:3602-3612. [PMID: 34344165 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There are scarce data regarding the prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of undetermined (unknown or cryptogenic) etiology. We sought to determine the prevalence, radiological characteristics, and clinical outcomes of undetermined ICH. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving patients with spontaneous ICH was conducted to primarily assess the prevalence and clinical-radiological characteristics of undetermined ICH. Additionally, we assessed the rates for ICH secondary to hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the use of (1) etiology-oriented ICH classification, (2) detailed neuroimaging, and (3) Boston criteria among patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy related ICH. We pooled the prevalence rates using random-effects models, and assessed the heterogeneity using Cochran Q and I2 statistics. RESULTS We identified 24 studies comprising 15 828 spontaneous ICH patients (mean age, 64.8 years; men, 60.8%). The pooled prevalences of hypertensive arteriopathy ICH, undetermined ICH, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy ICH were 50% (95% CI, 43%-58%), 18% (95% CI, 13%-23%), and 12% (95% CI, 7%-17% [P<0.001 between subgroups]). The volume of ICH was the largest in cerebral amyloid angiopathy ICH (24.7 [95% CI, 19.7-29.8] mL), followed by hypertensive arteriopathy ICH (16.2 [95% CI, 10.9-21.5] mL) and undetermined ICH (15.4 [95% CI, 6.2-24.5] mL). Among patients with undetermined ICH, the rates of short-term mortality (within 3 months) and concomitant intraventricular hemorrhage were 33% (95% CI, 25%-42%) and 38% (95% CI, 28%-48%), respectively. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a higher rate of undetermined ICH among studies that did not use an etiology-oriented classification (22% [95% CI, 15%-29%]). No difference was observed between studies based on the completion of detailed neuroimaging to assess the rates of undetermined ICH (P=0.62). CONCLUSIONS The etiology of spontaneous ICH remains unknown or cryptogenic among 1 in 7 patients in studies using etiology-oriented classification and among 1 in 4 patients in studies that avoid using etiology-oriented classification. The short-term mortality in undetermined ICH is high despite the relatively small ICH volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA (K.M., A.H.T.)
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (C.Z., A.T., A.H.K., K.V., G.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (C.Z., A.T., A.H.K., K.V., G.T.)
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA (K.M., A.H.T.).,Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (C.Z., A.T., A.H.K., K.V., G.T.).,Department of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S., H.G.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S., H.G.)
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S., H.G.)
| | - Simon Beshara
- Department of Neurology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario (S.B., A.V.A., G.T.)
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (N.G.)
| | - Jason Chang
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (J.C.)
| | | | - Efstathios Boviatsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (E.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (C.Z., A.T., A.H.K., K.V., G.T.)
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Department of Neurology, Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172, LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, France (C.C.)
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom (D.J.W.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario (S.B., A.V.A., G.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece. (C.Z., A.T., A.H.K., K.V., G.T.).,Department of Neurology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario (S.B., A.V.A., G.T.)
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37
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Sarraj A, Goyal N, Chen M, Grotta JC, Blackburn S, Requena M, Kamal H, Abraham MG, Elijovich L, Dannenbaum M, Mir O, Tekle WG, Pujara D, Shaker F, Cai C, Maali L, Radaideh Y, Reddy ST, Parsha KN, Alenzi B, Abdulrazzak MA, Greco J, Hoit D, Martin-Schild SB, Song S, Sitton C, Tsivgoulis GK, Alexandrov AV, Arthur AS, Day AL, Hassan AE, Ribo M. Direct to Angiography vs Repeated Imaging Approaches in Transferred Patients Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:916-926. [PMID: 34125153 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance A direct to angiography (DTA) treatment paradigm without repeated imaging for transferred patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) may reduce time to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Whether DTA is safe and associated with better outcomes in the late (>6 hours) window is unknown. Also, DTA feasibility and effectiveness in reducing time to EVT during on-call vs regular-work hours and the association of interfacility transfer times with DTA outcomes have not been established. Objective To evaluate the functional and safety outcomes of DTA vs repeated imaging in the different treatment windows and on-call hours vs regular hours. Design, Setting, and Participants This pooled retrospective cohort study at 6 US and European comprehensive stroke centers enrolled adults (aged ≥18 years) with anterior circulation LVO (internal cerebral artery or middle cerebral artery subdivisions M1/M2) and transferred for EVT within 24 hours of the last-known-well time from January 1, 2014, to February 29, 2020. Exposures Repeated imaging (computed tomography with or without computed tomographic angiography or computed tomography perfusion) before EVT vs DTA. Main Outcomes and Measures Functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2) was the primary outcome. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, mortality, and time metrics were also compared between the DTA and repeated imaging groups. Results A total of 1140 patients with LVO received EVT after transfer, including 327 (28.7%) in the DTA group and 813 (71.3%) in the repeated imaging group. The median age was 69 (interquartile range [IQR], 59-78) years; 529 were female (46.4%) and 609 (53.4%) were male. Patients undergoing DTA had greater use of intravenous alteplase (200 of 327 [61.2%] vs 412 of 808 [51.0%]; P = .002), but otherwise groups were similar. Median time from EVT center arrival to groin puncture was faster with DTA (34 [IQR, 20-62] vs 60 [IQR, 37-95] minutes; P < .001), overall and in both regular and on-call hours. Three-month functional independence was higher with DTA overall (164 of 312 [52.6%] vs 282 of 763 [37.0%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.85 [95% CI, 1.33-2.57]; P < .001) and during regular (77 of 143 [53.8%] vs 118 of 292 [40.4%]; P = .008) and on-call (87 of 169 [51.5%] vs 164 of 471 [34.8%]; P < .001) hours. The results did not vary by time window (0-6 vs >6 to 24 hours; P = .88 for interaction). Three-month mortality was lower with DTA (53 of 312 [17.0%] vs 186 of 763 [24.4%]; P = .008). A 10-minute increase in EVT-center arrival to groin puncture in the repeated imaging group correlated with 5% reduction in the functional independence odds (aOR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.91-0.99]; P = .01). The rates of modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 decreased with interfacility transfer times of greater than 3 hours in the DTA group (96 of 161 [59.6%] vs 15 of 42 [35.7%]; P = .006), but not in the repeated imaging group (75 of 208 [36.1%] vs 71 of 192 [37.0%]; P = .85). Conclusions and Relevance The DTA approach may be associated with faster treatment and better functional outcomes during all hours and treatment windows, and repeated imaging may be reasonable with prolonged transfer times. Optimal EVT workflow in transfers may be associated with faster, safe reperfusion with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,Department of Neurology, Semmes Murphy Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael Chen
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James C Grotta
- Memorial Hermann Hospital Texas Medical Center, Clinical Institute for Research and Innovation, Houston
| | - Spiros Blackburn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Manuel Requena
- Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Haris Kamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael G Abraham
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Lucas Elijovich
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,Department of Neurology, Semmes Murphy Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mark Dannenbaum
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Osman Mir
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York
| | - Wondwossen G Tekle
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen
| | - Deep Pujara
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Faris Shaker
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The University of Texas at Houston
| | - Laith Maali
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Yazan Radaideh
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Bader Alenzi
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent Mercy Health Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Jonathan Greco
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Daniel Hoit
- Department of Neurology, Semmes Murphy Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sheryl B Martin-Schild
- Department of Neurology, Touro Infirmary and New Orleans East Hospital, Metairie, Louisiana
| | - Sarah Song
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Clark Sitton
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Georgios K Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,Department of Neurology, Semmes Murphy Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Arthur L Day
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Ameer E Hassan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen
| | - Marc Ribo
- Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Katsanos AH, Turc G, Psychogios M, Kaesmacher J, Palaiodimou L, Stefanou MI, Magoufis G, Shoamanesh A, Themistocleous M, Sacco S, Fiehler J, Gralla J, Strbian D, Alexandrov AV, Fischer U, Tsivgoulis G. Utility of Intravenous Alteplase Prior to Endovascular Stroke Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of RCTs. Neurology 2021; 97:e777-e784. [PMID: 34144996 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a critical appraisal on the evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on the utility of direct endovascular treatment (dEVT) compared to the combination of endovascular treatment preceded by IV thrombolysis (bridging therapy [BT]) for patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO). METHODS Eligible RCTs were identified by searching Medline and Scopus. We calculated the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled estimates using random-effects models. The primary outcome was the probability of modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0 to 2 at 3 months. RESULTS We included 3 studies comprising 1,092 patients. No difference between the dEVT and BT groups was detected for the outcomes of mRS score of 0 to 2 (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.85-1.38; adjusted OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.76-1.63), mRS score of 0 to 1 (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.84-1.43; adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.84-1.61), and functional improvement at 3 months (common OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.88-1.34; adjusted common OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.37). Patients receiving dEVT had significantly lower likelihood of successful recanalization before the endovascular procedure compared to those receiving BT (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.77). Patients receiving dEVT had lower intracranial bleeding rates compared to those receiving BT (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.92) but without a significant difference in the probability of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. No differences in all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, or procedural complications between the 2 groups were uncovered. CONCLUSIONS We detected no differences in functional outcomes of IV thrombolysis-eligible patients with an acute LVO receiving dEVT compared to BT. Because uncertainty for most endpoints remains large and the available data are not able to exclude the possibility of overall benefit or harm, further RCTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis H Katsanos
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Guillaume Turc
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marios Psychogios
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ioanna Stefanou
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - George Magoufis
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marios Themistocleous
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simona Sacco
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens Fiehler
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Strbian
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.K., A.S.), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (G. Turc), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne; Université de Paris (G. Turc); INSERM U1266 (G. Turc); FHU Neurovasc (G. Turc), Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (J.K., J.G.), Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Second Department of Neurology (L.P., M.I.S., G. Tsivgoulis), Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Stroke Unit (G.M.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.), Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Greece; Neuroscience Section (S.S.), Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Neurological Research Unit (D.S.), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (A.V.A., G. Tsivgoulis), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Department of Neurology (U.F.), University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Sidorov E, Iser C, Kapoor N, Ray B, Chainakul J, Xu C, Alexandrov AV, Gordon DL. Criteria for Emergency Brain MRI During Stroke-Alert. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105890. [PMID: 34107417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) should be given to patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and avoided in stroke mimics (SM). Select use of emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI-brain) in stroke-alerts aids diagnosis, but accepted utilization criteria for eMRI-brain do not currently exist. We developed criteria for eMRI-brain and report the yield of eMRI-brain in stroke-alert patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed three history-based criteria for performing eMRI-brain during stroke-alerts: (1) history of previous similar deficits, (2) change in consciousness at onset of symptoms, (3) symptom presentation consistent with migraine aura. We then performed a retrospective chart review of patients who presented as a stroke-alert over a 5-year period and determined how these criteria affected administration of IV tPA to AIS and SM patients. RESULTS Among 3,512 stroke-alerts, 230 (8.1%) patients met our criteria for eMRI-brain exams: 217 (92.6%) had SM and 17 (7.4%) had AIS. Our IV tPA decision-making analysis showed that based on eMRI-brain IV tPA was less frequently administered to SM patients (PCC-0.841, p=0.036) with less failures to administer IV tPA to patients with AIS (PCC -0.907, p-value=0.013, Pearson correlation coefficient). No patients became ineligible for IV tPA due to MRI-related time delays. CONCLUSIONS Our history based criteria for performing eMRI-brain during stroke-alerts show a high yield of stroke mimics. Selective eMRI-brain improves decision-making accuracy regarding IV tPA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Sidorov
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S.L.Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Courtney Iser
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S.L.Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nidhi Kapoor
- University of Arkansas, Department of Neurology 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 500 Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Bappaditya Ray
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Juliane Chainakul
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S.L.Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Ave Suite M226, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - David Lee Gordon
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S.L.Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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40
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Rubin MN, Alexandrov AV, Douville C, Rinsky B, Tsivgoulis G. Novel robotic TCD ultrasound with bubbles versus standard care to detect right to left shunt: Study methods. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:858-863. [PMID: 34081363 PMCID: PMC8518840 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Right to left shunt (RLS), from patent foramen ovale (PFO) or elsewhere, is a recognized risk factor for stroke. Current standard of care for RLS diagnosis includes transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) which is insensitive, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) which is invasive, and transcranial Doppler (TCD) which has excellent sensitivity and specificity for RLS but is heavily operator dependent and expertise is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the RLS detection rate of a novel robotic-assisted TCD (ra-TCD) to standard of care diagnostic techniques, including TTE, TEE, and TCD. METHODS This is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, nonsignificant risk device study of ra-TCD versus TTE for RLS diagnosis in adult patients who present with neurological signs and symptoms that include embolic stroke or transient ischemic attack on the differential diagnosis. Up to 150 subjects will be enrolled at up to seven centers considering the prevalence of PFO, suboptimal transtemporal windows, and potential dropouts. Enrolled patients will undergo ra-TCD supine and at 45° in a manner otherwise in line with standard of care TCD bubble technique. The enrolled patients will have undergone TTE, and optionally standard TCD and TEE, per usual care. RESULTS The primary efficacy endpoint is percent detection of RLS by ra-TCD compared against TTE. The primary safety endpoint is the incidence of device-related serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS This is the first multicenter, prospective study evaluating the accuracy, feasibility, and safety of novel ra-TCD for the diagnosis of RLS as compared to standard of care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Rubin
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Gu T, Yao L, Meng X, Graff JC, Thomason D, Li J, Dong W, Jiao Y, Aleya L, Maida M, Wang CY, Zangerl B, Genini S, Ray K, Goldman E, Ji J, Alexandrov AV, Sun D, Gu W, Wang Y. A cost-effective plan for global testing - an infection rate stratified, algorithm guided, multiple-level, continuously pooled testing strategy. Sci Total Environ 2021; 765:144251. [PMID: 33387925 PMCID: PMC7833620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The most effective measure to prevent or stop the spread of infectious diseases is the early identification and isolation of infected individuals through comprehensive screening. At present, in the COVID-19 pandemic, such screening is often limited to isolated regions as determined by local governments. Screening of potentially infectious individuals should be conducted through coordinated national or global unified actions. Our current research focuses on using resources to conduct comprehensive national and regional regular testing with a risk rate based, algorithmic guided, multiple-level, pooled testing strategy. Here, combining methodologies with mathematical logistic models, we present an analytic procedure of an overall plan for coordinating state, national, or global testing. The proposed plan includes three parts 1) organization, resource allocation, and distribution; 2) screening based on different risk levels and business types; and 3) algorithm guided, multiple level, continuously screening the entire population in a region. This strategy will overcome the false positive and negative results in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and missing samples during initial tests. Based on our proposed protocol, the population screening of 300,000,000 in the US can be done weekly with between 15,000,000 and 6,000,000 test kits. The strategy can be used for population screening for current COVID-19 and any future severe infectious disease when drugs or vaccines are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Gu
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lan Yao
- Health Outcomes and Policy Research, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health [23618104], 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - J Carolyn Graff
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Donald Thomason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Marcello Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Barbara Zangerl
- Centre for Eye Health and School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sem Genini
- Unione Contadini Ticinesi, via Gorelle 7, 6592 S. Antonino, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Ray
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research [AcSIR], CSIR - HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Emanuel Goldman
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Beijing Cancer Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health [23618104], 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Barlinn K, Jakubicek S, Siepmann T, Chernyshev OY, Pallesen LP, Wienecke M, Hermann W, Graehlert X, Alexandrov AW, Vosko M, Puetz V, Reichmann H, Bodechtel U, Mikulik R, Barlinn J, Alexandrov AV. Autotitrating Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure in Large Vessel Steno-Occlusive Stroke Patients With Suspected Sleep Apnea: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:667494. [PMID: 33927689 PMCID: PMC8076592 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.667494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We hypothesized that autotitrating bilevel positive airway pressure (auto-BPAP) favorably affects short-term clinical outcomes in hyperacute ischemic stroke. Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial patients with large vessel steno-occlusive stroke and clinically suspected sleep apnea were allocated to auto-BPAP or standard stroke care alone. Auto-BPAP was initiated within 24 h from stroke onset and performed over 48 h during diurnal and nocturnal sleep. Sleep apnea was assessed using cardiorespiratory polygraphy. Primary endpoint was early neurological improvement on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 72 h. Safety and tolerability of BPAP, functional independence [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2], stroke recurrence, and mortality at 90 days were assessed. Results: Due to low recruitment, the trial was prematurely stopped after 24 patients had been randomized (auto-BPAP, n = 14; control, n = 10): median baseline NIHSS 13 (5.5–18), 88% large vessel occlusion, and 12% large vessel stenosis. Polygraphy confirmed sleep apnea in 64% of auto-BPAP and 88% of control patients (p = 0.34). Adherence to auto-BPAP was achieved by 9 of the 14 (64%) patients. Between auto-BPAP and control patients, no differences were observed in early neurological improvement (median NIHSS change: −2.0, IQR = 7 points vs. −0.5, IQR = 3 points), 90 days functional independence (21 vs. 30%, p = 0.67), stroke recurrence (0 vs. 20%, p = 0.16), and death (14 vs. 20%, p = 1.0). No safety concerns were identified. Conclusions: In this prematurely terminated trial, auto-BPAP was safe but did not show an effect on short-term clinical outcomes in selected ischemic stroke patients. Its tolerability, however, may be limited in hyperacute stroke care and needs to be improved before larger trials are conducted. Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01812993.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislava Jakubicek
- International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleg Y Chernyshev
- Department of Neurology and Sleep Medicine, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Lars-Peder Pallesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam Wienecke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Departments of Neurology and Internal Medicine I, Interdisciplinary Sleep Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hermann
- Departments of Neurology and Internal Medicine I, Interdisciplinary Sleep Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Xina Graehlert
- Coordination Center for Clinical Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Milan Vosko
- Department of Neurology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Volker Puetz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulf Bodechtel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jessica Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Patterson JL, Dusenbury W, Devlin TG, Stanfill A, Tsivgoulis GK, Alexandrov AV, Alexandrov AW. Abstract P856: Contributors to Internal Primary Stroke Center Transfer Delays: Factors Beyond Stroke Coordinators’ Control. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Stroke coordinators often are challenged to transfer patients to higher levels of care, facing internal system, transport, and comprehensive stroke center (CSC) factors that may slow the transfer process. We aimed to understand the internal challenges faced by stroke coordinators at primary stroke centers/acute stroke ready hospitals (PSC/ASRH) in the transfer process.
Methods:
Six national focus groups with PSC/ASRH staff experienced with stroke transfers were conducted by web conference. Interviews were conducted using pre-scripted open-ended questions; information was recorded and data were transcribed for theme identification.
Results:
Participants were from Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, and West Coast USA. Internal PSC/ASRH problems were tied exclusively to physicians: Emergency department (ED) physicians’ lack knowledge of how/when to order advanced imaging; delays initiating telemedicine guidance were common; and, negative attitudes towards stroke emergencies among “tenured” ED physicians were identified. All participants noted that they were compliant with door-to-noncontrast CT and alteplase treatment time metrics, however, radiologists commonly used the full 2-hours allotted for CTA and CTP reads, and many telemedicine neurologists refused to review/interpret advanced imaging choosing to rely on the local general radiologists’ formal interpretation.
Conclusions:
Major factors contributing to internal PSC/ASRH transfer delays are exclusively physician-based. Physician education, standardized algorithms for advanced imaging selection, more-timely regulatory metrics for advanced imaging interpretation, and improved telemedicine physician expertise and guidance would improve transfer timeliness in these centers.
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Greco J, Chen M, Hassan AE, Goyal N, Kamal H, Blackburn S, Abraham MG, Day AL, sitton C, Requena M, Grotta JC, Elijovich L, Dannenbaum MJ, Tekle W, Hoit D, Pujara D, Shaker F, Reddy SS, Azher AI, Abdulrazzak MA, Mir O, Parsha KN, Martin-schild S, Tsivgoulis GK, Alexandrov AV, Ribo M, Sarraj A. Abstract P525: Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes in Transferred Octogenarians: A Multicenter Pooled Analysis. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Acute ischemic strokes outcomes may be less favorable in elderly patients. Whether transferring octogenarians with large vessel occlusion (LVO) for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) results in similar outcomes to younger patients is uncertain.
Methods:
A pooled cohort from 6 centers (Europe, US) from 1/2014 to 5/2020 of pts with (ICA, M1, M2) LVO transferred for EVT ≤ 24 hrs from LKW. Patients were stratified into < 80 vs ≥ 80 years old. We compared 90 day functional independence and safety outcomes and assessed for predictors of good outcome (mRS 0-2) and profound disability (mRS 5-6).
Results:
Of 1176 pts received EVT as transfers, 216 (18%) were octogenarians. Baseline NIHSS was higher in octogenarians [19 (14, 22) vs 17 (12, 21), p<0.001], while IV tPA (52% vs 54%, p=0.52) and time LKW to EVT center [285 (193, 537) vs 272 (190, 470) min, p=0.15] were similar. Functional independence rates were lower in patients ≥ 80 as compared to < 80 (26% vs 46%, aOR 0.50, 95%CI 0.34-0.75, p=0.001). sICH was similar (8.6 vs 9.9%, p=0.56), but octogenarians had significantly higher 90-day mortality (42% vs 17%, p<0.001).
Milder strokes (aOR 0.88, 95%CI 0.86-0.91, p<0.001), earlier presentation (aOR 0.95, 95%CI 0.91-0.98, p=0.004) and IV tPA (aOR 1.34, 95%CI 0.98-1.84, p=0.069) were associated with higher functional independence odds after EVT in octogenarians. Higher stroke severity (12% for each point, aOR=1.12, 95%CI 1.11-1.17-, p<0.001) and delayed reperfusion (3% for each additional hr, aOR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.06, p=0.071) were associated with profound disability following EVT in octogenarians.
Conclusion:
EVT may be associated with lower independence rates in transferred octogenarians with LVO. Milder stroke severity, earlier presentation and IV thrombolysis increased the odds of good outcomes in octogenarians. Severe strokes and later treatment were associated with profound disability. Optimized selection and workflow is warranted in transferring elderly patients for EVT.
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45
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Katsanos AH, Safouris A, Sarraj A, Magoufis G, Leker RR, Khatri P, Cordonnier C, Leys D, Shoamanesh A, Ahmed N, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis G. Abstract MP5: Intravenous Thrombolysis With Tenecteplase in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.mp5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Accumulating evidence from randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) suggest that tenecteplase may represent an effective treatment alternative to alteplase for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In the present systematic review and meta-analysis we sought to compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of intravenous tenecteplase to intravenous alteplase administration for AIS patients with large vessel occlusions (LVO).
Methods:
We searched MEDLINE and Scopus for published RCTs providing outcomes of AIS with confirmed LVO receiving intravenous thrombolysis with either tenecteplase at different doses or alteplase at standard dose 0.9mg/kg. The primary outcome was the odds of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 at 3 months.
Results:
We included 4 RCTs including a total of 433 patients. Patients with confirmed LVO receiving tenecteplase had higher odds of successful recanalization (OR=3.05, 95%CI: 1.73-5.40; Figure A), mRS scores of 0-2 [odds ratio (OR)=2.06, 95%CI: 1.15-3.69; Figure B], and functional improvement defined as 1-point decrease across all mRS grades (common OR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.18-2.87; Figure C) at 3 months compared to patients with confirmed LVO receiving alteplase. There was little or no heterogeneity between the results provided from included studies regarding the aforementioned outcomes (I
2
≤20%). No difference in the outcomes of early neurological improvement, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), any ICH and the rates of mRS 0-1 or all-cause mortality at 3 months were detected between patients with LVO receiving intravenous thrombolysis with either tenecteplase or alteplase.
Conclusion:
AIS patients with LVO receiving intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase have significantly better recanalization and clinical outcomes compared to patients receiving intravenous alteplase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apostolos Safouris
- Dept of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ronen R Leker
- HEBREW UNIVERSITY-HADASSAH MEDICAL, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Niaz Ahmed
- Dept of Neurology, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Sarraj A, Goyal N, Chen M, Blackburn S, Requena M, Kamal H, Grotta JC, Abraham MG, Elijovich L, Mir O, Tekle WG, Pujara D, Shaker F, Reddy ST, Parsha KN, Alenzi B, Hoit D, Martin-schild SB, Song S, Sitton C, Tsivgoulis GK, Alexandrov AV, Arthur AS, Day AL, Hassan AE, Ribo M. Abstract P463: Direct to Angio in Transferred Patients is Associated With Faster Reperfusion and Higher Functional Independence Rates Both During Regular and On-Call Hours: A Multi Center Cohort. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Direct To Angio (DTA) for transferred large vessel occlusions (LVO) lowers time to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), reperfusion and potentially improves outcomes. Safety and efficacy of DTA in late time window and on-call hours is unknown.
Methods:
Pooled cohort from 6 centers (EU, US) from 1/14-5/20 (ICA, M1, M2) LVO pts transferred for EVT≤24 hrs from LKW. Pts stratified into with repeat imaging (RI) (CT+/- CTA/CTP) and without RI (DTA). We compared time metrics, good outcome (90 day mRS 0-2), safety (sICH, mortality) and assessed the impact of arrival for EVT; regular (M-F, 8am-5pm) vs on-call hrs. Propensity matched analysis was done.
Results:
Of 1178 EVT transfers, 334 (28%) were DTA. DTA pts had more tPA (61% vs 51%, p=0.002), trended to lower NIHSS 17 (12, 20) vs 17 (13, 21), p=0.07 and lower LKW to arrival 268 (190, 430) min vs 280 (190, 518), p=0.097. Groin puncture (GP) was faster with DTA (p<0.001) Fig 1. Good outcomes were higher with DTA overall (53% vs 38%, aOR 1.7, 95%CI 1.3-2.4, p=0.001), regular (54% vs 41%, p=0.07) and on-call hrs (52% vs 36%, p=0.008), mortality was lower overall (17% vs 24%, p=0.04) and all hrs Fig 2 A-C. sICH rates were similar. A 10 min increase arrival to GP with RI correlated to 5% reduction in good outcome odds (aOR 0.95, 95%CI 0.91-0.99, p=0.01). The results did not vary by time window (0-6 hrs vs >6-24, p=0.88 for interaction). In propensity matched 75 pairs, DTA had shorter time to EVT (19 min vs 52, p<0.001) and higher mRS 0-2 (55% vs 32%, aOR 4.8 (1.9-12.4), p=0.001) fig 2D. However, the probability of mRS 0-2 decreased with increasing transfer times in DTA pts (< 3 hrs 59% vs 36% ≥ 3 hrs, p<0.001) but not in RI (36% vs 37%, p=0.88) fig 3.
Conclusion:
In pooled, non-randomized data DTA may result in faster treatment, safe and better functional outcomes, during all hours and treatment windows. Repeat imaging may be reasonable with prolonged transfer times. Optimal EVT workflow in transfers may result in faster, safe reperfusion with higher good outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitin Goyal
- The Univ of Tennessee Health Science Cntr, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Hoit
- Semmes-Murphey Neurological Clinic, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Ribo
- Vall d’Hebron Univ Hosp, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Patterson JL, Dusenbury W, Devlin TG, Stanfill A, Tsivgoulis GK, Alexandrov AV, Alexandrov AW. Abstract P166: The Primary Stroke Center Transfer Experience to Higher Levels of Care: A Qualitative Study. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Transfer times from primary stroke centers/acute stroke ready hospitals (PSCs/ASRHs) to higher levels of care have been shown to be excessive in many cases, promoting some to believe that bypass regulations should be instituted. Yet barriers to rapid transfer remain undescribed in the literature. The purpose of this work is to investigate these issues and the locus of control for transfer time delays.
Methods:
Six national focus groups with PSC/ASRH staff experienced with stroke transfers were conducted by web conference. Interviews were conducted using pre-scripted open-ended questions; information was recorded, and data were transcribed, for theme identification.
Results:
Participants were from Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, and West Coast USA. Data were grouped into 3 main categories representing where transfer problems initiated. Themes emerging within the
Internal PSC/ASRH
Category
were exclusively emergency department (ED) physician focused including knowing how/when to use advanced imaging and telemedicine resources. Of note, all participants were compliant with door-to-CT and treatment time metrics. Within the
Transport Category
, themes included inadequate time-to-response by ground and air ambulances, and specialty transport costs. Within the
Internal Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) Category
, themes included complex communication, overwhelmed systems, and poor guidance on patient selection.
Conclusions:
While ED physician contributors to transfer delays are within the control of PSCs/ASRHs, more challenging factors to rapid transfer include factors within transport systems and CSCs themselves. Quantification of these factors is warranted to support transfer system redesign with rapid access to care.
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48
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Katsanos AH, Palaiodimou L, Zand R, Yaghi S, Kamel H, Navi BB, Turc G, Romoli M, Sharma V, Mavridis D, Shahjouei S, Catanese L, Shoamanesh A, Vadikolias K, Tsioufis K, Lagiou P, Alexandrov AV, Tsiodras S, Tsivgoulis G. Abstract P82: The Impact of SARS-COV-2 on Stroke Epidemiology and Care: A Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Emerging data indicates an increased risk for cerebrovascular events with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and highlights the potential impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the management and outcomes of acute stroke. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the aforementioned considerations.
Methods:
We performed a meta-analysis of observational cohort studies reporting on the occurrence and/or outcomes of patients with cerebrovascular events in association with their SARS-CoV-2 infection status. We used a random-effects model. Summary estimates were reported as odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
Results:
We identified 16 cohort studies including 44,004 patients. Among patients with SARS-CoV-2, 1.3% (95%CI: 0.9-1.8%; I
2
=88%) were hospitalized for cerebrovascular events, 1.2% (95%CI: 0.8-1.5%; I
2
=85%) for ischemic stroke, and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1-0.4%; I
2
=69%) for hemorrhagic stroke. Compared to non-infected contemporary or historical controls, patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had increased odds of ischemic stroke (OR=3.58, 95%CI: 1.43-8.92; I
2
=43%) and cryptogenic stroke (OR=3.98, 95%CI: 1.62-9.77; I
2
=0%). Odds for in-hospital mortality were higher among SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients compared to non-infected contemporary or historical stroke patients (OR=5.60, 95%CI: 3.19-9.80; I
2
=45%). SARS-CoV-2 infection status was not associated to the likelihood of receiving intravenous thrombolysis (OR=1.42, 95%CI: 0.65-3.10; I
2
=0%) or endovascular thrombectomy (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.35-1.74; I
2
=0%) among hospitalized ischemic stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes mellitus was found to be more prevalent among SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients compared to non-infected contemporary or historical controls (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.04-1.86; I
2
=0%).
Conclusion:
SARS-CoV-2 appears to be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, particularly the cryptogenic subtype. SARS-CoV-2 infection in stroke substantially increases the mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Dept of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ramin Zand
- Neurosience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Dept of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Rsch Institute and Dept of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Babak B Navi
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Rsch Institute and Dept of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Dept of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Shima Shahjouei
- Neurosience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - Pagona Lagiou
- Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Med Statistics, Sch of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Fourth Dept of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Dept of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
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49
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MALHOTRA K, Zompola C, Theodorou A, Katsanos A, Shoamanesh A, Gupta H, Beshara S, Goyal N, Chang J, Tayal AH, Boviatsis E, Voumvourakis K, Cordonnier C, Werring DJ, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis GK. Abstract P411: Prevalence, Characteristics and Outcomes of Undetermined Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
We sought to determine the prevalence, radiological characteristics, and clinical outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of undetermined etiology.
Methods:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving patients with spontaneous ICH was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical-radiological characteristics of undetermined ICH. Additionally, we assessed the rates for ICH secondary to hypertensive arteriopathy (HTN-A) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the use of a) etiology-oriented ICH classification, b) detailed neuroimaging, and c) Boston criteria among CAA-ICH.
Results:
24 studies were included (n=15,828; mean age: 64.8 years, males: 60.8%). The pooled prevalence of HTN-A ICH, undetermined ICH and CAA-ICH were 50% (95%CI: 43-58%), 18% (95%CI: 13-23%), and 12% (95%CI: 7-17%; p<0.001 between subgroups). The volume of ICH was largest in CAA-ICH 24.7mL (95%CI: 19.7-29.8mL), followed by HTN-A ICH 16.2mL (95%CI: 10.9-21.5mL) and undetermined ICH 15.4mL (95%CI: 6.2-24.5mL). Among patients with undetermined ICH, the rates of short-term mortality and intraventricular hemorrhage were 33% (95%CI: 25-42%) and 38% (95%CI: 28-48%), respectively. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a higher rate of undetermined ICH among studies that did not use an etiology-oriented classification (22%; 95%CI: 15-29%). No difference was observed between studies based on the completion of detailed neuroimaging to assess the rates of undetermined ICH (p=0.62).
Conclusions:
The etiology of spontaneous ICH remains undetermined among one in five patients in studies using etiology-oriented classification and among one in four patients in studies that avoid using etiology-oriented classification. The short-term mortality in undetermined ICH is high despite the relatively small ICH volume. Our findings suggest the use of etiology-oriented classification to approach ICH patients (Figure).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Dept of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, “Attikon” Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Dept of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, “Attikon” Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Chang
- MedStar Washington Hosp Cntr, Washington, DC
| | | | - Efstathios Boviatsis
- Neurosurgery, National & Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, “Attikon” Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Dept of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, “Attikon” Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
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50
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Mandava P, Torrealba-Acosta G, Barboza MA, Fernández-Morales H, Qasim M, Litvak P, Rothlisberger T, Tsivgoulis GK, Alexandrov AV, Kent TA. Abstract P17: Outcomes After Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke in Costa Rica Compare Favorably With International Cohorts. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
More than 70% of strokes occur in resource-poor countries. Outcomes are often not well documented. rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke was approved in 2012 for use in Costa Rica (CR). A hub and spoke model was initiated and a dataset established, the CR Stroke Registry Program (CRSRP) for conditional- and post-approval monitoring. Here, we compared CRSRP rt-PA outcomes to similarly treated subjects from the 1995 NINDS rt-PA trial and the 2019 CLOTBUST-ER control arm.
Methods:
Subjects were matched using a published pairing methodology and day 7-10/discharge modified Rankin Score (mRS), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages (SICH) and early mortality compared. A mortality model was generated from 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and outcomes compared at similar baselines. SICH rates were compared with other cohorts: Get With The Guidelines (GWTG), a combined international IV thrombolysis trial pool, and 2 Ibero-American populations.
Results:
Of 424 CRSRP patients, 284 receiving rt-PA under 3 hrs were matched with 308 NINDS subjects. 131 non-diabetic CRSRP subjects, treated within 4.5 hrs, NIHSS 10 - 24 and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS)>7, were matched with 300 CLOTBUST-ER subjects. Percent achieving either mRS 0-1 or 0-2 did not differ between CRSRP and either NINDS or CLOTBUST-ER (mRS 0-1: CRSRP:33.9% vs NINDS:33.6%; CRSRP:23.8% vs CLOTBUST-ER:27.0%, all p>=.05 / mRS 0-2: CRSRP:40.0% vs NINDS:41.4%; CRSRP:31.1% vs CLOTBUST-ER:36.1%, all p=>.05). Mortality was higher for CRSRP vs CLOTBUST-ER (6.6% vs 0.8%; p=0.05) but not vs NINDS (6.8% vs 4.3%; p=0.3). A predictive model (R
2
=0.39) showed neither cohort exceeded expected pooled mortality, with CLOTBUST-ER the lowest mortality. SICH rate was higher in CRSRP vs CLOTBUST-ER (7.3% vs 0.0% p=0.008) but not vs NINDS (5.7% vs 6.8% p=0.7)). SICH rates were not higher when compared with 4 international cohorts.
Conclusion:
Functional outcomes of Costa Rican patients receiving rt-PA compared favorably with 2 RCTs (NINDS and CLOTBUST-ER). SICH and mortality were higher than CLOTBUST-ER, although both were within expected range compared to other international cohorts. Systems of care development in order to further lower SICH and participate in the endovascular era are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel A Barboza
- Neurosciences Dept, Hosp Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Paul Litvak
- Neurology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Med Cntr, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Thomas A Kent
- Neurology, Texas A&M Health Science Cntr-Houston Campus, Houston, TX
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