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Mao W, Wu B, Yang W, Chi I. Factors of Dental Care Utilization in Foreign-Born Older Chinese Americans. J Dent Res 2023:220345231170845. [PMID: 37249263 PMCID: PMC10399079 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231170845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Good oral health is essential for healthy aging. Regular dental care utilization is instrumental to good oral health. Older immigrants tend to experience poorer oral health and less dental care use as compared with their native-born counterparts in the host country. Older immigrants are particularly vulnerable to interrupted or lost social ties and acculturation challenges after immigration to a new country. This study examined whether and to what extent social relations, acculturation, and perceived oral health needs are associated with dental care utilization in foreign-born older Chinese Americans. Data came from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago, which were collected between 2017 and 2019 (N = 3,000). Dental care utilization was dichotomized into "yes" versus "no" in the past 2 y. Social relations were measured by positive and negative relations with spouse, family, and friends. Acculturation was measured by length of stay, behavioral acculturation, and residence in Chinatown. Perceived oral health needs were measured by the presence of problems related to teeth, gums, or bleeding. As guided by the Andersen model, separate logistic regression models were used to investigate factors of dental care utilization. An overall 23.1% reported dental care utilization. Individuals with no negative relations with spouse, family, and friends were 31%, 36%, and 38% less likely to visit a dentist, respectively. Individuals with higher levels of behavioral acculturation were 4% more likely to visit a dentist; individuals living in Chinatown were 45% less likely; and individuals with perceived oral health needs were 2.5 times more likely. Findings illustrate the importance of understanding social relations, immigration-related factors, and perceived oral health needs in dental care utilization in older immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mao
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - B Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - W Yang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - I Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Qian XX, Chau PH, Kwan CW, Lou VWQ, Leung AYM, Ho M, Fong DYT, Chi I. Investigating Risk Factors for Falls among Community-Dwelling Older Adults According to WHO's Risk Factor Model for Falls. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:425-432. [PMID: 33786558 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization developed the Risk Factor Model for Falls to describe fall risks in a comprehensive manner. However, there was a lack of study adopting such framework in quantifying falls risk from different factors in a single model. Therefore, this study examined the risk factors from four domains in the Risk Factor Model for Falls among older adults. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of 10-year assessment records of the Minimum Data Set-Home Care instrument. SETTING Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS 89,100 community-dwelling adults aged 65 and over who first applied for publicly funded long-term care services from 2005 to 2014. MEASUREMENTS The Minimum Data Set-Home Care instrument was used to ascertain older adults' care needs and match them with appropriate services. Additionally, meteorological records from the same period were extracted from the Hong Kong Observatory. The logistic regression model was used to examine risk factors and their associations with falls. RESULTS In total 70 factors were included in the analysis, of which 37 were significantly associated with falls. Behavioral risk factors generally had greater odds ratios of falling, as compared with biological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Out of all significant factors, functional status, alcohol drinking, and locomotion outdoors had the largest odds ratios of falling. CONCLUSION Behavioral risk factors for falls are of remarkable influence yet are modifiable among older adults. Hence, falls prevention programs may need to prioritize addressing these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Qian
- Pui Hing Chau, School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Tel: (+852) 3917 6626,
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Leung AYM, Yu EYT, Luk JKH, Chau PH, Levin-Zamir D, Leung ISH, Cheung KT, Chi I. Rapid Estimate of Inadequate Health Literacy (REIHL): development and validation of a practitioner-friendly health literacy screening tool for older adults. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26:404-412. [PMID: 33093243 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to develop and validate a brief practitioner-friendly health literacy screening tool, called Rapid Estimate of Inadequate Health Literacy (REIHL), that estimates patients' health literacy inadequacy in demanding clinical settings. METHODS This is a methodological study of 304 community-dwelling older adults recruited from one community health centre and five district elderly community centres. Logistic regression models were used to identify the coefficients of the REIHL score's significant factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was then used to assess the REIHL's sensitivity and specificity. Path analysis was employed to examine the REIHL's criterion validity with the Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Care and concurrent validity with self-rated health scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. RESULTS The REIHL has scores ranging from 0 to 23. It had 76.9% agreement with the Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Care. The area under the ROC curve for predicting health literacy inadequacy was 0.82 (95% confidence interval=0.78-0.87, P<0.001). The ROC curve of the REIHL showed that scores ≥11 had a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 75.6% for predicting health literacy inadequacy. The path analysis model showed excellent fit (Chi squared [2, 304] 0.16, P=0.92, comparative fit index 1.00, root mean square error of approximation <0.001, 90% confidence interval=0.00-0.04), indicating that the REIHL has good criterion and concurrent validity. CONCLUSION The newly developed REIHL is a practical tool for estimating older adults' inadequate health literacy in clinical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y M Leung
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - E Y T Yu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J K H Luk
- Department of Medicine, Fung Yiu King Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - P H Chau
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D Levin-Zamir
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Clalit Health Services, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - I S H Leung
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - K T Cheung
- Centre on Research and Advocacy, Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation, Hong Kong
| | - I Chi
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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Kwan RYC, Kwan CW, Bai X, Chi I. Cachexia and Cognitive Function in the Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Mediation Effects of Oral Health. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:230-236. [PMID: 32003416 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and poor oral health are common problems in older adults and are associated with malnutrition. However, it is unclear how they are related to cachexia in community-dwelling older adults. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among cachexia, cognitive function, and oral health in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of a data-set. Data were collected in the community setting on older adults who applied for government-funded long-term care services in Hong Kong in 2017. Subjects were community-dwelling and aged ≥60 years. The outcome variable was cachexia. The predictors were cognitive function and oral health. The covariates included demographics and comorbidities associated with cachexia or malnutrition. Path analysis was employed to examine the associations among cachexia, cognitive function, and oral health using the software SAS/STAT and Mplus. RESULTS This analysis included 12,940 subjects. The prevalence of cachexia was 1.3%. Cognitive function was also found to have a direct effect on the oral health indicators of chewing problems (OR=1.073, p<0.001), brushing teeth problems (OR=1.349, p<0.001), and swallowing problems (coeff.=0.177, p<0.001). Oral health indicators with a direct effect on cachexia included dry mouth (OR=1.250, p<0.001), brushing teeth problems (OR = 1.185, p<0.01), and swallowing problems (OR=1.231, p<0.001). Cognitive function had no significant direct effect, but had a significant indirect effect on cachexia (OR=1.100, p<0.001) which is mediated by brushing teeth problems (OR=1.052, p<0.001) and swallowing problems (OR=1.038, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment causes cachexia indirectly through poor oral health. This study recommends adding cognitive function when screening community-dwelling older adults for cachexia. Health policymakers should stress regular oral health screening and interventions, and encourage increased utilization of oral health services by community-dwelling older adults with cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y C Kwan
- Professor Iris Chi, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, , Tel: 1-213-8211360
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Liu R, Chi I. THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF LIVING ARRANGEMENT ON LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN RURAL CHINA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Liu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - I Chi
- Chinese-American Golden Age Association/Frances Wu Chair for the Chinese Elderly and Senior Scientist, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lee Y, Chi I, Palinkas L. WIDOWHOOD, LEISURE ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
| | - I Chi
- University of Southern California
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Liu J, Mao W, Guo M, Xu L, Chi I. LOSS OF FRIENDS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF OLDER CHINESE AMERICANS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - W Mao
- University of Nevada at Reno, School of Social Work, Reno, NV 89557
| | - M Guo
- University of Iowa, School of Social Work, Iowa City, IA 52246
| | - L Xu
- University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - I Chi
- University of Southern California, School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA 90015
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Tang F, Chi I, Zhang W, Dong X. ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT AND COGNITION: FINDINGS FROM A COMMUNITY-DWELLING U.S. CHINESE AGING POPULATION STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - I Chi
- University of Southern California
| | - W Zhang
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
| | - X Dong
- Rush University Medical Center
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Yu K, Chi I. INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND SOCIAL ISOLATION OF OLDER ADULTS IN RURAL CHINA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Yu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - I Chi
- Chinese-American Golden Age Association/Frances Wu Chair for the Chinese Elderly and Senior Scientist, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Xu L, Guo M, Liu J, Mao W, Chi I. FILIAL PIETY DISCREPANCY AND MENTAL HEALTH OF IMMIGRANT CHINESE OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - M Guo
- School of Social Work, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - J Liu
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Mao
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada in Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - I Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yu K, Wu S, Chi I. FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF IMTOP INTERVENTION WITH RECENT CHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN LOS ANGELES: A PILOT STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Yu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - S Wu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chin KB, Chi I, Pasalic J, Huang CK, Barge LM. An introductory study using impedance spectroscopy technique with polarizable microelectrode for amino acids characterization. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:045108. [PMID: 29716330 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Portable, low power, yet ultra-sensitive life detection instrumentations are vital to future astrobiology flight programs at NASA. In this study, initial attempts to characterize amino acids in an aqueous environment by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using polarizable (blocking) electrodes in order to establish a means of detection via their electrical properties. Seven amino acids were chosen due to their scientific importance in demonstrating sensitivity levels in the range of part per billion concentration. Albeit more challenging in real systems of analyst mixtures, we found individual amino acids in aqueous environment do exhibit some degree of chemical and physical uniqueness to warrant characterization by EIS. The polar amino acids (Asp, Glu, and His) exhibited higher electrochemical activity than the non-polar amino acids (Ala, Gly, Val, and Leu). The non-polar amino acids (Gly and Ala) also exhibited unique electrical properties which appeared to be more dependent on physical characteristics such as molecular weight and structure. At concentrations above 1 mM where the amino acids play a more dominant transport role within the water, the conductivity was found to be more sensitive to concentrations. At lower concentrations <1 mM, however, the polar amino acid solution conductivity remained constant, suggesting poor chemical activity with water. As revealed by equivalent circuit modeling, the relaxation times showed a 1-2 order of magnitude difference between polar and non-polar amino acids. The pseudo-capacitance from EIS measurements on sample mixtures containing salt water and individual amino acids revealed the possibility for improvement in amino acid selectivity using gold nanoporous surface enhanced electrodes. This work establishes important methodologies for characterizing amino acids using EIS combined with microscale electrodes, supporting the case for instrumentation development for life detection and origin of life programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Chin
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - I Chi
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Pasalic
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - C-K Huang
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Laura M Barge
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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Cheng Z, Ye X, Chi I. INTENSITY OF CAREGIVING, WORKING, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG GRANDPARENTS IN CHINA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Cheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - X. Ye
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - I. Chi
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work,
Los Angeles, California
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Hsiao H, Wu S, Chi I. HOW YOUNG ADULTS CHANGED ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING AND HEALTH THROUGH IMTOP VOLUNTEERING EXPERIENCE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hsiao
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S. Wu
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - I. Chi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Yu K, Wu S, Chi I, Hsiao H, Lee P. LONGITUDINAL EFFECTS OF AN INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM ON OLDER DIABETES PATIENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S. Wu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - I. Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - H. Hsiao
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - P. Lee
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Chi I, Chen H, Liu R. HOSPITAL UTILIZATION AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS – PATTERNS AND PREDICTORS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Chi
- School of Social Work, LA, California,
| | - H. Chen
- Department of Social Work, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - R. Liu
- School of Social Work, LA, California,
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Lou V, Lum T, Wong G, Luo H, Lau M, Chi I, Chen E. REDUCING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN A LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY: APPLYING THE MDS ASSESSMENT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Lou
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
- Department of Social Work & Social Adninistration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
| | - T. Lum
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
- Department of Social Work & Social Adninistration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
| | - G. Wong
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
- Department of Social Work & Social Adninistration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
| | - H. Luo
- Tsing Hua University, Beijing, China,
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
| | - M. Lau
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
| | - I. Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - E. Chen
- Department of Social Work & Social Adninistration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Xu
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas,
| | - H. Hsiao
- University of Southern California, School of Social Work,
Los Angeles, California,
| | - W. Denq
- University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - I. Chi
- University of Southern California, School of Social Work,
Los Angeles, California,
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Li M, Hagedorn A, Yi Chuan T, Pan L, Wu S, Hsiao H, Chi I. ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLES AND MOTIVATIONS FOUND UTILIZING A DIABETES HEALTH APP FOR OLDER PATIENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Li
- Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A. Hagedorn
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - T. Yi Chuan
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - L. Pan
- Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S. Wu
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - H. Hsiao
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - I. Chi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
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Chi I, Wu S, Hsiao H, Lee P. THE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER DIABETES PATIENTS USING IMTOP MOBILE APP IN TAIWAN. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Chi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S. Wu
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - H. Hsiao
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - P. Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Guo M, Liu J, Xu L, Chi I, Mao W. SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF CHINESE ELDERS WITH MIGRANT CHILDREN: THE ROLE OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.5050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Guo
- School of Social Work, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,
| | - J. Liu
- Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York,
| | - L. Xu
- University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, Arlington, Texas,
| | - I. Chi
- University of Southern California, School of Social Work, Los Angeles, California,
| | - W. Mao
- University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada
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Mao W, Chi I. GENDERED INTERGENERATIONAL SUPPORT AND FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS OVER TIME AMONG RURAL OLDER CHINESE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Mao
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada,
| | - I. Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Chi I, Lou V. IMPROVING LONG-TERM CARE SERVICES WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZED INSTRUMENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - V. Lou
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wu S, Hsiao H, Chi I. RESEARCH DESIGN OF THE INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILE TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES PROGRAM (IMTOP) IN TAIWAN. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Wu
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - H. Hsiao
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - I. Chi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Min J, Xu L, Li Y, Chi I. PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY TO WIDOWHOOD: FINANCIAL STRAIN, WORRY ABOUT CARE, AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Min
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - L. Xu
- University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas,
| | - Y. Li
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California,
| | - I. Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
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Wu S, Hsiao H, Chi I, Lee P. DEVELOPMENT OF A DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT APP AND ANALYSIS OF USAGE PATTERNS AMONG OLDER PATIENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Wu
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - H. Hsiao
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - I. Chi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - P. Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Liu J, Guo M, Xu L, Mao W, Chi I. MIGRATION AND INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN CHINESE FAMILIES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Liu
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York,
| | - M. Guo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,
| | - L. Xu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas,
| | - W. Mao
- University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada,
| | - I. Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Chi I, Xu L. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND WORRY AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Chi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - L. Xu
- University of Texas, Austin, Austin, Texas
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Zhao K, Bai ZG, Bo A, Chi I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of music therapy for the older adults with depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31:1188-1198. [PMID: 27094452 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of music therapy in the management of depression in the elderly. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Change in depressive symptoms was measured with various scales. Standardized mean differences were calculated for each therapy-control contrast. RESULTS A comprehensive search yielded 2,692 citations; 19 articles met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis suggests that music therapy plus standard treatment has statistical significance in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults (standardized mean differences = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.87, 1.17). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that music therapy has an effect on reducing depressive symptoms to some extent. However, high-quality trials evaluating the effects of music therapy on depression are required. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhao
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinic School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z G Bai
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - A Bo
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, NY, USA
| | - I Chi
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, LA, CA, USA
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Abstract
Depression is quite common among the elderly members of the Hong Kong Chinese society. This study examined the impact of a series of common stressful life events (SLEs) on change in depressive symptoms among the older people. The respondents were 411 people aged sixty years or older from a survey of a representative community sample of the elderly population in Hong Kong. Using multiple regression models, the authors found that sense of control acted as a mediator in the linkage between the number of SLEs and depressive symptoms, even after controlling sociodemographic, and physical health status were applied. In addition, the social support measured by Lubben Social Network Scale moderated the influence of the exposure to SLEs on depression. Findings suggest that sense of control and social support play distinguished and important roles in the stress-outcome relationship. Service implications were discussed based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chou
- Centre on Ageing, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong
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31
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Lou VWQ, Lu N, Xu L, Chi I. Grandparent-Grandchild Family Capital and Self-Rated Health of Older Rural Chinese Adults: The Role of the Grandparent-Parent Relationship. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2013; 68:599-608. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbt040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lou VWQ, Chui EWT, Leung AYM, Tang KL, Chi I, Leung Wong EKS, Kwan CW. Factors affecting long-term care use in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17:8-12. [PMID: 21673352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chi I, Law BVKK, Leung ACT, Liu CP, Yeoh CS, Cheng YH, Ma AMK, Kwan CK, Lai C. Residential Assessment Instrument 2.0 in care planning for residents in nursing homes. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16 Suppl 3:29-33. [PMID: 20601731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Chi
- School of Social Work and School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, United States.
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Abstract
Western literature has repeatedly indicated a strong relationship between living alone and depression among the aged population, however, studies among the Chinese population are scarce. In this paper, we examine whether the association between living alone and depression is independent of health status, social support and financial strain among Chinese older adults, and subsequently assess whether such association persists after adjusting these variables. Cross-sectional data drawn from the Hong Kong Population Census consisting of 2,003 Chinese elderly people aged 60 or over were analyzed. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses revealed that living alone results in higher levels of depressive symptoms for older women but not for older men. This relationship remained significant even when socio-demographic variables, health indicators, social support, and financial strains were adjusted; yet, the impact of living alone with depression disappeared when all variables were controlled. In summary, this paper is the first to report that living alone is an independent risk factor contributing to depression among Chinese older women, as well as identifying certain significant factors including social support and health indicators that can affect and explain the link between living alone and depression. Preventive measures and related issues were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-L Chou
- Sau Po Centre on Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Macfarlane DJ, Chou KL, Cheng YH, Chi I. Validity and normative data for thirty-second chair stand test in elderly community-dwelling Hong Kong Chinese. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18:418-21. [PMID: 16634026 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to establish valid field measures of lower body strength in the elderly, and to provide representative normative values that are culturally specific in order to help health professionals in the risk assessment of this group. A sample of 1,038 elderly Hong Kong Chinese undertook a 30-sec chair stand test (30CST), with a subsample of 143 completing isometric measures of maximal hip flexion and knee extension, plus a habitual physical activity questionnaire. The 30CST was significantly, yet only weakly, correlated with the isometric strength measures (r approximately 0.3-0.4), but accurately discriminated between levels of habitual physical activity and across ages in decades. The normative values generated provide useful data for health screening in this elderly Hong Kong population, but do not compare well with their healthier US counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Macfarlane
- Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
We studied the psychological impact of the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) to understand if age and residential location were risk factors associated with post-traumatic disturbance, namely intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. One hundred and forty-six volunteers belonging to four groups classified along the dimensions of age (middle-aged versus older-aged) and location (high SARS-prevalent regions versus low SARS-prevalent regions), participated in this study. After controlling for depression, residents in high SARS-prevalent regions, regardless of age, consistently developed more intense post-traumatic disturbance than residents in low SARS-prevalent regions. Furthermore, the prevalence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases was significantly higher in older people and in residents of SARS-prevalent regions. Our findings suggest the importance of mental health aftercare in the post-epidemic period of disease epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M C Lee
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong.
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Abstract
This study examined the relationship between adherence to tradition and depression in a large sample (N = 1502) of Chinese elders living in the People's Republic of China. In Chinese traditional culture, an elder's purpose, meaning and self-worth are derived, in large, from their social roles within the family and community. As the traditional culture declines so do these familiar roles, supports, and ways of coping. This constitutes a major loss which can have a variety of psychosocial consequences, one of which could be depression. The elders in our study responded to a nine-item measure of traditional mutual aid and intergenerational exchange. Depression was measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Regression analysis found a significant and negative relationship between tradition and depression which suggests that adherence to tradition may have protective benefits. These findings have application with elders in China as well as with those who are immigrants to other societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mjelde-Mossey
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1162, USA.
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38
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to test whether the utilization of Minimum Data Set-Home Care (MDS-HC) as a case finding instrument for Chinese attenders of elderly health centres in Hong Kong had a beneficial impact on the physical and mental health status of those older clients. The dependent variables were 13 outcome variables measuring different dimensions of participants' physical and mental health status. Using a cluster randomized controlled trial design, we assigned three of six participating elderly health centres to the experimental group and the other three to the control group. The respondents were 925 (472 in the experimental group and 453 in the control group) elderly health centre attenders aged 65 years or above. They were assessed by MDS-HC and 734 (382 in the experimental group and 352 in the control group) of them were re-assessed one year later. In the experimental group, the medical doctors had been given their patients' profile of potential problem areas identified by MDS-HC before they treated their patients whereas in the control, the medical doctors treated their patients with their usual practice. We found that older attenders in the experimental group improved more than the ones in the control group in only two out of 13 areas. Surprisingly, the patients in the experimental group deteriorated even more than the ones in the control group in terms of bowel incontinence. Our results indicated that the function of the MDS-HC in case finding or screening is limited in the Hong Kong primary medical care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chi
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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39
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Abstract
The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS-C) were investigated in a sample of 154 Hong Kong Chinese older adults. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, face validity, convergent and divergent validities of the GSIS-C were assessed and all of them were well above acceptable levels. The GSIS-C demonstrated excellent internal consistency including the four subscales and the test-retest reliability of the GSIS-C was also good. In terms of convergent validity, the GSIS-C correlated significantly and positively with depression (assessed by CES-D), loneliness (assessed by Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale), and hopelessness (assessed by Beck 'Hop'elessness Scale). The divergent validity of the GSIS-C was demonstrated by the negative but significant, association between the GSIS-C and two variables including self-rated health status and life satisfaction (assessed by Life Satisfaction Inventory--Version A).
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Affiliation(s)
- K-L Chou
- Sau Po Centre on Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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40
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if staffing level is associated with poor nutrition in the long-term residential care setting, adjusting for other confounding factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING In total, 14 residential care facilities in Hong Kong, stratified by nature (government subvention or for-profit) to reflect the overall proportion in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS A total of 1914 subjects were assessed, using the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) 2.0. The response rate was 95% (1820 subjects), of which 1699 subjects had complete nutritional information. INTERVENTION Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by weighing and height measurement, and arm span was used if the subject could not stand. Subjects who were receiving parenteral or enteral nutrition via nasogastric of enterostomy tubes were excluded. A history of weight loss of 5% in the past month or 10% in the past 6 months, leaving 25% of food uneaten, and BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2) were examined as nutritional indicators. Association with age, gender, functional disability, oral problems, taste problems, presence of physical diseases and psychological well-being was examined using chi(2)-test, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS In all, 26% of residents had a BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2), with a higher prevalence in the for-profit homes. History of weight loss and the record that 25% of food was left uneaten were poor indicators of low BMI. Multivariate analysis showed that having chronic obstructive airways disease, requiring help with feeding, being female, older age, were factors associated with an increased risk of poor nutrition, while being independent in activities of daily living and higher staff levels were associated with a reduced risk. CONCLUSION Poor nutrition is a persistent problem in the long-term care setting, and inadequate staffing levels may be a reversible cause. However, resource limitations may render efforts at improvement difficult. SPONSORSHIP SK Yee Memorial Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Woo
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Chu LW, Chi I, Chiu AYY. Incidence and predictors of falls in the chinese elderly. Ann Acad Med Singap 2005; 34:60-72. [PMID: 15726221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This is the first prospective longitudinal study carried out in a Chinese elderly population with the objective of identifying the incidence and predictors of falls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a population-based cohort study in Hong Kong with 1517 ambulatory elderly Chinese recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Baseline data on demographic, comorbid diseases, drugs, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) [Barthel Index and Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)], Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), cognitive assessment by the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), fear of falling, self-perceived mobility problem, hand grip strength, lower limb power, balance and gait tests were performed. Every subject was followed up for 1 year. RESULTS Four hundred and one falls occurred in 294 fallers (19.3%) over 1 year of follow-up. The prevalence of falls and recurrent falls were 19.3% and 4.75%, respectively. The incidences of falls (i.e., the fall events) were 220, 324 and 270 per 1000 person-years for men, women and both gender, respectively. The independent predictors of falls were previous history of falls, advancing age, Parkinson's disease, knee extension power and gait speed. The independent predictors of recurrent falls were previous history of falls, self-perceived mobility problem, the knee extension strength and the Total Mobility Score of the Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of falls in the Chinese elderly was 270 per 1000 person-years. History of falls, old age, Parkinson's disease, decreased lower limb power and impairment in balance and gait function were important independent predictors of falls or recurrent falls in the Chinese elderly. Effective fall prevention programmes targeted at improving these risk factors for falls should be developed for the Chinese elderly in Hong Kong and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chu
- University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
This article analyzes cross-sectional data collected from a representative community sample of 2003 Chinese elderly people aged 60 or above in Hong Kong. We examined whether the use of publicly funded health services by older adults is equitable under the framework of Andersen model. A number of predisposing, enabling, and need factors were assessed as predictors of utilization in four categories of services including hospital admission, emergency room, general outpatient clinics, and specialist outpatient clinics. It was found that utilization of these four health services was consistently correlated with need factors. Specifically, self-rated health status and particular types of chronic illness were consistently and significantly related to utilization for all four of services in Hong Kong. On the other hand, age and family support were related to hospital admission whereas functional impairment was associated with the use of emergency room and general outpatient clinics. Findings suggest that publicly funded health services in Hong Kong are used equitably by elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chou
- Sau Po Centre on Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
This study examines the relationship between major source of income (i.e., adult children, financial independence and government welfare) and depression among elderly Hong Kong people. We also assessed the mediating and moderating effects of family social support and financial strain in the linkage between source of income and depression. The data came from a cross-sectional survey of a representative community sample of 1106 elderly respondents in Hong Kong. Using multiple regression models, data revealed that there was a differential impact of major sources of income on depression. Welfare participation and financial independence contributed to a higher level of depressive symptoms whereas people whose source of income was their adult children were more likely to report a lower level of depression than the others who were not. We also found that family social support was either a complete mediator or partial mediator in the relationship between different major sources of income and depression but it was not a significant moderator in the linkage between different major sources of income and depression. In contrast, financial strain was a significant moderator in the link between different major sources of income and depression. Specific and effective interventions must be developed for those who are financially independent or on welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-L Chou
- Sau Po Centre on Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine some of the risk factors for late life suicide in Hong Kong Chinese using a case-controlled psychological autopsy approach. METHOD Informants of 70 subjects aged 60 or above who had committed suicide as well as a community sample of 100 elderly controls were interviewed. Subjects and controls were assessed for the presence of mental illness, history of suicide attempt and data on health care utilization. RESULTS Eighty-six per cent of suicide subjects suffered from a psychiatric problem before committing suicide, compared with 9% of control subjects. Among the psychiatric problems, major depression was the commonest diagnosis. Seventy-seven per cent of suicide subjects had consulted a doctor within 1 month of suicide. One-third of suicide subjects had a history of suicide attempt. Rates of current psychiatric diagnosis, rates of medical consultation and history of suicide attempt are all significantly higher in suicide subjects than controls. CONCLUSION Our findings support the view that depressive disorders and a past history of suicide attempt are risk factors of late-life suicide in the Chinese population of Hong Kong, similar to findings in western studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory difficulty is one of the most common complaints of older people, with or without psychiatric conditions. It is therefore of utmost important to understand how normal ageing process impacts upon prose memory so as to gain insight into ways to differentiate pathological vs normal age-related changes of the recall of prose observed among older people. OBJECTIVES To understand the differential age-related change of prose memory in older Hong Kong Chinese of higher and lower education. METHOD Forty-eight normal, healthy Cantonese-speaking Chinese were recruited. Seventeen of them were younger, highly educated participants. Among the 31 older people recruited, 19 of them received education comparable with the younger participants and 12 were older people of low education. A prose passage was constructed to measure the different processes of prose memory, including learning efficiency, rate of forgetting, recall accuracy, accuracy of temporal sequence of information recalled, distortions, and recognition memory. RESULTS As expected, ageing affected all the processes of prose memory measured, except the rate of forgetting. Apart from learning efficiency and rate of forgetting, education was observed to modify the effect of ageing on all the processes studied. CONCLUSIONS Changes of prose memory associated with ageing and the differential effect of education on prose recall among older people were discussed. The findings seem to suggest that prose memory is a multifaceted construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M C Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Lam TP, Chi I, Piterman L, Lam C, Lauder I. Community attitudes toward living arrangements between the elderly and their adult children in Hong Kong. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2004; 13:215-28. [PMID: 14617905 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006517226595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For hundreds of years, Chinese societies have been living in extended family settings. However, the import of Western cultures and values are challenging the traditional Chinese practices in Hong Kong. This study assesses the community attitudes to living arrangements between elderly and their adult children in Hong Kong and to identify the factors which influence these attitudes. A random sample of 888 adult Hong Kong residents were telephone-interviewed. They were asked about their attitudes to living arrangements when they turned 60, if disabled and non-disabled. The relationship between these attitudes and the social and demographic characteristics of the respondents was also analyzed. Nearly 59% of the respondents preferred to live with their children if non-disabled. However, 43.5% of the respondents would be unlikely to want to live with their children if disabled. If non-disabled at 60, females, professionals or those who had lived overseas before preferred not to live with their children. Females also preferred not to live with their children if disabled at 60. Other factors, such as age, social class, education level and experience in living with elderly or looking after elderly had no effect on the respondents' preference. This study provides important information on the community attitudes to living arrangements between the elderly and their adult children in Hong Kong. These attitudes will shed light on the provision of housing and institutional care to elderly, as well as the family relationship and care pattern of the elderly in the future decades in Hong Kong and other communities which are undergoing rapid growth and 'Westernization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Lam
- Family Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine, Ap Lei Chau.
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47
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Abstract
For many Hong Kong Chinese elderly, depression is a quite common occurrence. This study examines the reciprocal relationship between social support and depressive symptoms. The data came from a longitudinal study of a representative community sample of the elderly population in Hong Kong. Using multiple regression models, the authors found that elderly persons who reported depressive symptoms more frequently were likely to receive higher levels of social support from family members living with elders, but lower levels of social support from friends three years later, even after controlling for socio-demographic and physical health status variables. In addition, elderly people who received more social support from family members not living with elders reported fewer depressive symptoms three years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-L Chou
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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48
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Abstract
Economic assessments of health and healthcare have become an integral part of policy decisions in the last decade. Increasingly, this trend is extending to medical decision-making in day-to-day patient-provider interactions. Alzheimer disease (AD) offers a potent example of the clinical and economic issues at stake with its diagnostic techniques, pharmacotherapies, and public health and policy implications. This review introduces basic economic concepts in examining the impact of AD and related care. It presents a summary of the latest economics research on cost estimates of AD and on economic evaluations of diagnostic and management interventions in terms of cost-of-illness and cost-effectiveness studies respectively. Empirical and conceptual issues about the interpretation of costs and the uses of evaluative methods are also discussed. We found that the economic costs attributable to AD care is highly variable mostly due to non-standardised methodologies and geographical variations in care patterns. There is, however, little doubt that the impact is substantial and is expected to worsen with the demographic, epidemiologic, technologic and economic transitions worldwide. There are comparatively fewer studies on the cost-effectiveness of interventions in AD. Most of the published work revolves around pharmacotherapeutics while relatively little has been done on diagnostics, patient care programmes and programmes for caregivers. We conclude that there are significant opportunities to strengthen research on standardised cost-of-illness analyses and new cost-effectiveness studies on a broader range of AD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Leung
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, PR China.
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49
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Abstract
The context in which aged care policy is being developed in Hong Kong is characterized not only by rapid demographic aging and social change, but also by new political and administrative systems being built on a colonial legacy. This article begins with a description of the demographic profile and trends in population aging, noting particular differences in marriage and family formation that differentiate Hong Kong from other developed countries and that also show marked changes between generations. While past social policies can be credited with contributing to the achievement of high life expectancy in Hong Kong, these policies were unevenly developed, with little provision for income security in old age or for long-term care. Both issues have come to the fore in policy development in recent years, culminating in the formation of the Elderly Commission in 1997 and revitalizing the level of attention given to developing community care. A clear policy agenda has been drawn up to promote the development of a long-term care system, addressing issues of integration; role differentiation for assessment and service provision, including new contractual arrangements; quality assurance; and financing. The political and administrative changes are seen to present opportunities for containing residential care and forging a care system founded on community services.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chi
- Centre on Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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50
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Abstract
Studies have documented that health and income are important variables affecting the quality of life in old age. However, there is little knowledge about whether perceived financial sufficiency affects the health of elderly persons. Recent research has documented that in addition to material and behavioural determinants, psychosocial pathways also have an influence on health inequalities. This is the first paper to examine the relation between self-rated economic condition (measured with a single item question) and reported health conditions (i.e., somatic complaints, diagnosed physical diseases, functional health (Activities of Daily Living), self-rated health, and mental health status (General Health Questionnaire-30 [GHQ-30]) among elderly persons in Hong Kong. The respondents of the study were persons aged 65 and over residing in public housing estates in the Southern District of Hong Kong Island. Four hundred and fifty respondents were interviewed in 1995 by means of a structured questionnaire. The study found that although it did not record the actual income levels of the respondents, the subjective measure vividly demonstrated the health differentials among the elderly respondents. Multiple regression analyses suggested that self-rated economic condition was a significant predictor of the number of somatic complaints and physical illnesses reported, as well as of functional health, self-rated health, and mental health status (controlling for socio-demographic variables). However, the measure explained a higher proportion of variance in models related to psychological health than those related to physical health. The findings substantiated the role of psychosocial processes in understanding perceived health and illness and health inequalities in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cheng
- Department of Community Medicine and Unit for Behavioural Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Patrick Manson Building South Wing, Hong Kong.
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