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Thai HBD, Levi-Acobas F, Yum SY, Jang G, Hollenstein M, Ahn DR. Tetrahedral DNAzymes for enhanced intracellular gene-silencing activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9410-9413. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We prepared tetrahedral DNAzymes (TDzs) to overcome potential limitations such as insufficient serum stability and poor cellular uptake of single-stranded DNAzymes (ssDzs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Bao Dieu Thai
- Center for Theragnosis
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
| | - Fabienne Levi-Acobas
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry
- Institut Pasteur
- CNRS UMR3523
- 75724 Paris Cedex 15
| | - Soo-Young Yum
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research
- Seoul National University
- Gwanak-gu
- Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research
- Seoul National University
- Gwanak-gu
- Korea
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry
- Institut Pasteur
- CNRS UMR3523
- 75724 Paris Cedex 15
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
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52
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Zhou X, Zhao M, Duan X, Guo B, Cheng W, Ding S, Ju H. Collapse of DNA Tetrahedron Nanostructure for "Off-On" Fluorescence Detection of DNA Methyltransferase Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40087-40093. [PMID: 29111659 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a potential detection technique, highly rigid and versatile functionality of DNA tetrahedron nanostructures is often used in biosensing systems. In this work, a novel multifunctional nanostructure has been developed as an "off-on" fluorescent probe for detection of target methyltransferase by integrating the elements of DNA tetrahedron, target recognition, and dual-labeled reporter. This sensing system is initially in an "OFF" state owing to the close proximity of fluorophores and quenchers. After the substrate is recognized by target methyltransferase, the DNA tetrahedron can be methylated to produce methylated DNA sites. These sites can be recognized and cut by the restriction endonuclease DpnI to bring about the collapse of the DNA tetrahedron, which leads to the separation of the dual-labeled reporters from the quenchers, and thus the recovery of fluorescence signal to produce an "ON" state. The proposed DNA tetrahedron-based sensing method can detect Dam methyltransferase in the range of 0.1-90 U mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.045 U mL-1 and shows good specificity and reproducibility for detection of Dam methyltransferase in a real sample. It has been successfully applied for screening various methylation inhibitors. Thus, this work possesses a promising prospect for detection of DNA methyltransfrase in the field of clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
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53
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Yun W, Wu H, Liu X, Fu M, Jiang J, Du Y, Yang L, Huang Y. Simultaneous fluorescent detection of multiple metal ions based on the DNAzymes and graphene oxide. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 986:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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54
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Wu Z, Fan H, Satyavolu NSR, Wang W, Lake R, Jiang JH, Lu Y. Imaging Endogenous Metal Ions in Living Cells Using a DNAzyme-Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8721-8725. [PMID: 28557357 PMCID: PMC5814595 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNAzymes are a promising platform for metal ion detection, and a few DNAzyme-based sensors have been reported to detect metal ions inside cells. However, these methods required an influx of metal ions to increase their concentrations for detection. To address this major issue, the design of a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction to amplify the signal from photocaged Na+ -specific DNAzyme to detect endogenous Na+ inside cells is reported. Upon light activation and in the presence of Na+ , the NaA43 DNAzyme cleaves its substrate strand and releases a product strand, which becomes an initiator that trigger the subsequent CHA amplification reaction. This strategy allows detection of endogenous Na+ inside cells, which has been demonstrated by both fluorescent imaging of individual cells and flow cytometry of the whole cell population. This method can be generally applied to detect other endogenous metal ions and thus contribute to deeper understanding of the role of metal ions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemeo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Huanhuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemeo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | | | - WenJing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, N, anjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ryan Lake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemeo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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55
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Wu Z, Fan H, Satyavolu NSR, Wang W, Lake R, Jiang JH, Lu Y. Imaging Endogenous Metal Ions in Living Cells Using a DNAzyme-Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemeo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Huanhuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemeo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | | | - WenJing Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University, N; anjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Ryan Lake
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemeo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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56
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McGhee CE, Loh KY, Lu Y. DNAzyme sensors for detection of metal ions in the environment and imaging them in living cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:191-201. [PMID: 28458112 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The on-site and real-time detection of metal ions is important for environmental monitoring and for understanding the impact of metal ions on human health. However, developing sensors selective for a wide range of metal ions that can work in the complex matrices of untreated samples and cells presents significant challenges. To meet these challenges, DNAzymes, an emerging class of metal ion-dependent enzymes selective for almost any metal ion, have been functionalized with fluorophores, nanoparticles and other imaging agents and incorporated into sensors for the detection of metal ions in environmental samples and for imaging metal ions in living cells. Herein, we highlight the recent developments of DNAzyme-based fluorescent, colorimetric, SERS, electrochemical and electrochemiluminscent sensors for metal ions for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E McGhee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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57
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Abstract
DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are obtained via in vitro selection. RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted significant attention for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their excellent programmability, stability, and activity. They can be designed to cleave a specific mRNA to down-regulate gene expression. At the same time, DNAzymes can sense a broad range of analytes. By combining these two functions, theranostic DNAzymes are obtained. This review summarizes the progress of DNAzyme for theranostic applications. First, in vitro selection of DNAzymes is briefly introduced, and some representative DNAzymes related to biological applications are summarized. Then, the applications of DNAzyme for RNA cleaving are reviewed. DNAzymes have been used to cleave RNA for treating various diseases, such as viral infection, cancer, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Several formulations have entered clinical trials. Next, the use of DNAzymes for detecting metal ions, small molecules and nucleic acids related to disease diagnosis is summarized. Finally, the theranostic applications of DNAzyme are reviewed. The challenges to be addressed include poor DNAzyme activity under biological conditions, mRNA accessibility, delivery, and quantification of gene expression. Possible solutions to overcome these challenges are discussed, and future directions of the field are speculated.
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58
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Han LJ, Yan W, Chen SG, Shi ZZ, Zheng HG. Exploring the Detection of Metal Ions by Tailoring the Coordination Mode of V-Shaped Thienylpyridyl Ligand in Three MOFs. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2936-2940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Han
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry in Universities
of Shandong, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - He-Gen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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59
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Dong JX, Wang ZL, Yang Y, Gao ZF, Li BL, Jiang HH, Li NB, Luo HQ. Bio-friendly Maillard reaction fluorescent products from glutathione and ascorbic acid for the rapid and label-free detection of Fe3+in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:707-713. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-cytotoxic Maillard reaction fluorescent products were used as an imaging probe for Fe3+detection in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Zi Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Bang Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Hui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
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60
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Xie N, Liu S, Yang X, He X, Huang J, Wang K. DNA tetrahedron nanostructures for biological applications: biosensors and drug delivery. Analyst 2017; 142:3322-3332. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review and summarise the development and biological applications of DNA tetrahedron, including cellular biosensors and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
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61
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Wen ZB, Liang WB, Zhuo Y, Xiong CY, Zheng YN, Yuan R, Chai YQ. An efficient target–intermediate recycling amplification strategy for ultrasensitive fluorescence assay of intracellular lead ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive fluorescence assay for intracellular Pb2+ determination was proposed through target–intermediate recycling amplification based on metal-assisted DNAzyme catalysis and strand displacement reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Cheng-Yi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ying-Ning Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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62
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Qiu Z, Shu J, He Y, Lin Z, Zhang K, Lv S, Tang D. CdTe/CdSe quantum dot-based fluorescent aptasensor with hemin/G-quadruplex DNzyme for sensitive detection of lysozyme using rolling circle amplification and strand hybridization. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:18-24. [PMID: 27504793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme with a small monomeric globular enzymatic protein is part of the innate immune system, and its deficiency can cause the increased incidence of disease. Herein, we devise a new signal-enhanced fluorescence aptasensing platform for quantitative screening of lysozyme by coupling with rolling circle amplification (RCA) and strand hybridization reaction, accompanying the assembly of CdTe/CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and hemin/G-quadruplex DNzyme. Initially, target-triggered release of the primer was carried out from DNA duplex via the reaction of the aptamer with the analyte, and the released primer could be then utilized as the template to produce numerous repeated oligonucleotide sequences by the RCA reaction. Following that, the formed long-stranded DNA simultaneously hybridized with the CdTe/CdSe QD-labeled probe and hemin/G-quadruplex DNzyme strand in the system, thereby resulting in the quenching of QD fluorescent signal through the proximity hemin/G-quadruplex DNzyme on the basis of transferring photoexcited conduction band electrons of quantum dots to Fe(III)/Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX (hemin) complex. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescent signal decreased with the increasing target lysozyme within the dynamic range from 5.0 to 500nM with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.6nM at the 3sblank criterion. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) were below 8.5% and 11.5%, respectively. Finally, the system was applied to analyze spiked human serum samples, and the recoveries in all cases were 85-111.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shu
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenzhen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Kangyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 People's Republic of China.
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