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Lu SY, Shan SS, Yang J, Chang CW, Ren F, Lin J, Pearton S, Liao YT. A Reconfigurable, Pulse-shaping Potentiometric Readout System for Bio-Sensing Transistors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:5761-5764. [PMID: 31947161 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new multi-modality readout system for potentiometric electrochemical sensors. The design adopts a pulse modulation at the gate and drain of the Bio-FET sensors to reduce the effects of charge accumulation between the surface of the electrodes and the ion analytes. The adjustable duration and amplitude of stimuli signals provide flexibility for different biosensing applications and a wide range of detectable concentration. Also, an oscillator-based architecture is proposed for digitization and integration. The counting time can be adjusted to enhance the resolution of the readout system. The proposed potentiometric sensing system was tested with 0.1-10 mM Potassium Ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), and the results are interpreted in the micro-LCD on the board. The design offers the opportunity for a handheld medical device with fast and real-time monitoring of biomarkers and ion analytes.
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52
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Yang J, Carey P, Ren F, Lobo BC, Gebhard M, Leon ME, Lin J, Pearton S. Nanosensor networks for health-care applications. NANOSENSORS FOR SMART CITIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7158339 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819870-4.00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized transistors provide effective sensors for a variety of viruses (Zika, severe acute respiratory syndrome), toxins (botulinum), cancers (breast and prostate), and disease or injury biomarkers (troponin, cerebrospinal fluid). A hallmark of this approach is high specificity, rapid response (<5 minutes), and ability to be integrated with wireless data transmission capabilities. The ultimate goal is hand-held point-of-care detection that can streamline patient diagnosis.
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Dorfman KD, Adrahtas DZ, Thomas MS, Frisbie CD. Microfluidic opportunities in printed electrolyte-gated transistor biosensors. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:011301. [PMID: 32002104 PMCID: PMC6984978 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Printed electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) are an emerging biosensor platform that leverage the facile fabrication engendered by printed electronics with the low voltage operation enabled by ion gel dielectrics. The resulting label-free, nonoptical sensors have high gain and provide sensing operations that can be challenging for conventional chemical field effect transistor architectures. After providing an overview of EGT device fabrication and operation, we highlight opportunities for microfluidic enhancement of EGT sensor performance via multiplexing, sample preconcentration, and improved transport to the sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Demetra Z Adrahtas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Mathew S Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Vasantham S, Alhans R, Singhal C, Nagabooshanam S, Nissar S, Basu T, Ray SC, Wadhwa S, Narang J, Mathur A. Paper based point of care immunosensor for the impedimetric detection of cardiac troponin I biomarker. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 22:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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McConnell EM, Cozma I, Morrison D, Li Y. Biosensors Made of Synthetic Functional Nucleic Acids Toward Better Human Health. Anal Chem 2019; 92:327-344. [PMID: 31656066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , L8S 4K1
| | - Ioana Cozma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , L8S 4K1.,Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , L8S 4K1
| | - Devon Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , L8S 4K1
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , L8S 4K1
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Zhang H, Tu J, Yang S, Sheng K, Wang P. Optimization of gate geometry towards high-sensitivity AlGaN/GaN pH sensor. Talanta 2019; 205:120134. [PMID: 31450402 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Open-gated AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) based sensor can inherently deliver a high current sensitivity (SI) in response to the pH change. However, it remains a challenge to further improve the performance of the packaged AlGaN/GaN-based sensor, due to a lack of investigation on the device design optimization. In this paper, the influence of the gate geometry on the device sensitivity is investigated through theoretical analysis and experiments. It has been found that the key factor limiting the current sensitivity is the series resistance (RS) of the packaged sensor. There are two cases: (1) when the aspect ratio of the gate structure (W/L) is small, the channel resistance dominates the total resistance and the current sensitivity increases with W/L; (2) when W/L is large, the RS dominates the total resistance, the sensitivity decreases with W/L. Therefore, there is an optimal W/L which can be approximately reached when W/L = ρ2DEG/RS. Based on the guidelines, the current sensitivity of the AlGaN/GaN sensor with an optimized geometry in our experiment can reach 157 μA/pH, which is the highest value among the packaged AlGaN/GaN-based pH sensors in literature, to our best knowledge. The comparison with the Si-based ISFET and the impact of the gate membrane on the sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN-based sensor have also been analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zhang
- Power Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiawei Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Power Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Kuang Sheng
- Power Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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57
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Sukesan R, Chen YT, Shahim S, Wang SL, Sarangadharan I, Wang YL. Instant Mercury Ion Detection in Industrial Waste Water with a Microchip Using Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistors and a Portable Device. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19092209. [PMID: 31086067 PMCID: PMC6539896 DOI: 10.3390/s19092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury ion selective membrane (Hg-ISM) coated extended gate Field Effect transistors (ISM-FET) were used to manifest a novel methodology for ion-selective sensors based on FET’s, creating ultra-high sensitivity (−36 mV/log [Hg2+]) and outweighing ideal Nernst sensitivity limit (−29.58 mV/log [Hg2+]) for mercury ion. This highly enhanced sensitivity compared with the ion-selective electrode (ISE) (10−7 M) has reduced the limit of detection (10−13 M) of Hg2+ concentration’s magnitude to considerable orders irrespective of the pH of the test solution. Systematical investigation was carried out by modulating sensor design and bias voltage, revealing that higher sensitivity and a lower detection limit can be attained in an adequately stronger electric field. Our sensor has a limit of detection of 10−13 M which is two orders lower than Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), having a limit of detection of 10−11 M. The sensitivity and detection limit do not have axiomatic changes under the presence of high concentrations of interfering ions. The technology offers economic and consumer friendly water quality monitoring options intended for homes, offices and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Sukesan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Suman Shahim
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Li Wang
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Indu Sarangadharan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Investigation of Electrical Stability and Sensitivity of Electric Double Layer Gated Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) for miRNA Detection. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19071484. [PMID: 30934691 PMCID: PMC6479439 DOI: 10.3390/s19071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we developed a miRNA sensor using an electrical double layer (EDL) gated field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor with enhanced sensitivity and stability. We conducted an in-depth investigation of the mechanisms that give rise to fluctuations in the electrical signal, affecting the stability and sensitivity of the miRNA sensor. Firstly, surface characteristics were studied by examining the metal electrodes deposited using different metal deposition techniques. The lower surface roughness of the gold electrode improved the electrical current stability. The temperature and viscosity of the sample solution were proven to affect the electrical stability, which was attributed to reducing the effect of Brownian motion. Therefore, by controlling the test conditions, such as temperature and sample viscosity, and the surface characteristics of the metal electrodes, we can enhance the stability of the sensor. Metal electrodes deposited via sputtering and e-beam evaporator yielded the lowest signal fluctuation. When ambient temperature was reduced to 3 °C, the sensor had better noise characteristics compared to room temperature testing. Higher viscosity of samples resulted in lower signal fluctuations. Lastly, surface functionalization was demonstrated to be a critical factor in enhancing the stability and sensitivity. MiRNA sensors with higher surface ratios of immobilized DNA probes performed with higher sensitivity and stability. This study reveals methods to improve the characteristics of EDL FET biosensors to facilitate practical implementation in clinical applications.
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59
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Lee T, Ahn JH, Choi J, Lee Y, Kim JM, Park C, Jang H, Kim TH, Lee MH. Development of the Troponin Detection System Based on the Nanostructure. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10030203. [PMID: 30909423 PMCID: PMC6470505 DOI: 10.3390/mi10030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the last 30 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a gradual increase in the number of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), not only in developed but also in developing countries. In particular, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the severe CVDs because of the high death rate, damage to the body, and various complications. During these harmful effects, rapid diagnosis of AMI is key for saving patients with CVD in an emergency. The prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of patients with AMI are important to increase the survival rate of these patients. To treat patients with AMI quickly, detection of a CVD biomarker at an ultra-low concentration is essential. Cardiac troponins (cTNs), cardiac myoglobin (cMB), and creatine kinase MB are typical biomarkers for AMI detection. An increase in the levels of those biomarkers in blood implies damage to cardiomyocytes and thus is related to AMI progression. In particular, cTNs are regarded as a gold standard biomarker for AMI diagnosis. The conventional TN detection system for detection of AMI requires long measurement time and is labor-intensive and tedious. Therefore, the demand for sensitive and selective TN detection techniques is increasing at present. To meet this demand, several approaches and methods have been applied to develop a TN detection system based on a nanostructure. In the present review, the authors reviewed recent advances in TN biosensors with a focus on four detection systems: (1) An electrochemical (EC) TN nanobiosensor, (2) field effect transistor (FET)-based TN nanobiosensor, (3) surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based TN nanobiosensor and (4) surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based TN nanobiosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea.
| | - Jinha Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea.
| | - Jin-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea.
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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60
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Liu Q, Yang T, Ye Y, Chen P, Ren X, Rao A, Wan Y, Wang B, Luo Z. A highly sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on an aligned GaN nanowires array/polydopamine heterointerface modified with Au nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1442-1449. [PMID: 32255015 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03233e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aligned GaN nanowire arrays show great potential not only in optoelectronic devices, but also in sensitive biosensor applications, owing to their excellent chemical stability and biocompatibility, as well as high electron mobility and surface-to-volume ratio. However, to construct electrochemical immunosensors, proper surface modification of GaN nanowires, which can enable efficient charge transfer and provide large densities of immobilization sites for antibodies to anchor, is still challenging. Herein we demonstrate a highly sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensing platform based on the integration of polydopamine (PDA) on a GaN nanowire surface. The PDA polymer was self-assembled on GaN nanowire surfaces via organic polymerization. The interface dipole layer generated at the GaN nanowire array/PDA polymer heterointerface enabled efficient charge transfer. The aligned GaN nanowire array/PDA hybrids were further modified with gold nanoparticles for subsequent covalent binding of antibodies. The fabricated immunosensor yielded a wide linear range between 0.01 and 100 ng ml-1 and a detection limit as low as 0.003 ng ml-1 for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The immunosensor showed good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability and was utilized in human serum samples for AFP detection. This work demonstrates the superiority of taking advantage of a nanowire array configuration and a semiconductor/polymer heterointerface in an immunosensing platform for sensitivity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Sinha A, Tai TY, Li KH, Gopinathan P, Chung YD, Sarangadharan I, Ma HP, Huang PC, Shiesh SC, Wang YL, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic system with field-effect-transistor sensor arrays for detecting multiple cardiovascular biomarkers from clinical samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 129:155-163. [PMID: 30703568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Certain blood-borne biomarkers offer a potent methodology for understanding the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with clinicians generally advocating the use of multiple biomarkers for proper risk assessment of CVDs. Herein four such CVDs biomarkers- C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and fibrinogen- were rapidly (5 min) analyzed from clinical samples (~ 4 µL) on an integrated microfluidic platform equipped with 1) immobilized highly specific aptamer probes and 2) field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensor arrays. The calibration curve from the FET sensor arrays showed good agreement in the physiological concentration ranges for CRP (0.1-50 mg/L), NT-proBNP (50-10,000 pg/mL), cTnI (1-10,000 pg/mL), and fibrinogen (0.1-5 mg/mL). The developed prototype of this fully automated portable device requires minimal reagent and sample inputs and consequently shows great promise for next-generation point-of-care devices assaying multiple CVDs biomarkers in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sinha
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yu Tai
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsien Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Priya Gopinathan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Da Chung
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Indu Sarangadharan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Pin Ma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiun Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chu Shiesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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63
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Li P, Lei Y, Li Q, Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB, Gong X. Diagnosing Perioperative Cardiovascular Risks in Noncardiac Surgery Patients. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:6097375. [PMID: 31534814 PMCID: PMC6732619 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6097375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Every year, over 200 million adults are undergoing noncardiac surgery. These noncardiac surgery patients may face the risk of cardiac mortality and morbidity during the perioperative and recovery periods. Around ten million patients who underwent noncardiac surgery experience cardiac complications within the first 30 days of the postoperative period; the complications are myocardial infarction, cardiac death, and cardiac arrest. This cardiovascular risk is mostly faced by the patients having cerebrovascular or cardiac disease and the patients with the age greater than 50 years. Monitoring and treating cardiac diseases with a suitable biomarker during the perioperative period is necessary for the early recovery of noncardiac surgery patients. This review discussed the risk factors and the key guidelines to avoid the cardiovascular risks during the perioperative period of noncardiac surgery patients. In addition, the biomarkers and identification strategies for cardiac diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 47, Bashan East Road, Hanbin District, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province 725000, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Functional (ECG Room), Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 47, Bashan East Road, Hanbin District, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province 725000, China
| | - Qiaomei Li
- Operating Room, Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 47, Bashan East Road, Hanbin District, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province 725000, China
| | - Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Xinwen Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 47, Bashan East Road, Hanbin District, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province 725000, China
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64
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Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Point-of-Care Compatibility of Ultra-Sensitive Detection Techniques for the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I-Challenges and Potential Value. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E114. [PMID: 30469415 PMCID: PMC6316850 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac biomarkers are frequently measured to provide guidance on the well-being of a patient in relation to cardiac health with many assays having been developed and widely utilised in clinical assessment. Effectively treating and managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) relies on swiftly responding to signs of cardiac symptoms, thus providing a basis for enhanced patient management and an overall better health outcome. Ultra-sensitive cardiac biomarker detection techniques play a pivotal role in improving the diagnostic capacity of an assay and thus enabling a better-informed decision. However, currently, the typical approach taken within healthcare depends on centralised laboratories performing analysis of cardiac biomarkers, thus restricting the roll-out of rapid diagnostics. Point-of-care testing (POCT) involves conducting the diagnostic test in the presence of the patient, with a short turnaround time, requiring small sample volumes without compromising the sensitivity of the assay. This technology is ideal for combatting CVD, thus the formulation of ultra-sensitive assays and the design of biosensors will be critically evaluated, focusing on the feasibility of these techniques for point-of-care (POC) integration. Moreover, there are several key factors, which in combination, contribute to the development of ultra-sensitive techniques, namely the incorporation of nanomaterials for sensitivity enhancement and manipulation of labelling methods. This review will explore the latest developments in cardiac biomarker detection, primarily focusing on the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Highly sensitive detection of cTnI is of paramount importance regarding the rapid rule-in/rule-out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thus the challenges encountered during cTnI measurements are outlined in detail to assist in demonstrating the drawbacks of current commercial assays and the obstructions to standardisation. Furthermore, the added benefits of introducing multi-biomarker panels are reviewed, several key biomarkers are evaluated and the analytical benefits provided by multimarkers-based methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
- Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar.
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
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Cheng HL, Fu CY, Kuo WC, Chen YW, Chen YS, Lee YM, Li KH, Chen C, Ma HP, Huang PC, Wang YL, Lee GB. Detecting miRNA biomarkers from extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular disease with a microfluidic system. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2917-2925. [PMID: 30118128 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00386f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
According to World Health Organization reports, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are amongst the major causes of death globally and are responsible for over 18 million deaths every year. Traditional detection methods for CVDs include cardiac computerized tomography scans, electrocardiography, and myocardial perfusion imaging scans. Although diagnosis of CVDs through such bio-imaging techniques is common, these methods are relatively costly and cannot detect CVDs in their earliest stages. In contrast, the levels of certain micro RNA (miRNA) biomarkers extracted from extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the bloodstream have been recognized as promising indicators for early CVD detection. However, detection and quantification of miRNA using existing methods are relatively labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, a new integrated microfluidic system equipped with highly sensitive field-effect transistors (FETs) was capable of performing EV extraction, EV lysis, target miRNA isolation and miRNA detection within 5 h. The limit of detection was within the physiological range (femtomolar) for two targeted miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-126, meaning that this integrated microfluidic system has the potential to be used as a tool for early detection of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Cheng
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013.
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Nezami A, Dehghani S, Nosrati R, Eskandari N, Taghdisi SM, Karimi G. Nanomaterial-based biosensors and immunosensors for quantitative determination of cardiac troponins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:425-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Development of a lateral flow immunoassay of C-reactive protein detection based on red fluorescent nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2018; 556:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vashistha R, Dangi AK, Kumar A, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Futuristic biosensors for cardiac health care: an artificial intelligence approach. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:358. [PMID: 30105183 PMCID: PMC6081842 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensor-based devices are pioneering in the modern biomedical applications and will be the future of cardiac health care. The coupling of artificial intelligence (AI) for cardiac monitoring-based biosensors for the point of care (POC) diagnostics is prominently reviewed here. This review deciphers the most significant machine-learning algorithms for the futuristic biosensors along with the internet of things, computational techniques and microchip-based essential cardiac biomarkers for real-time health monitoring and improving patient compliance. The present review also discusses the recently developed cardiac biosensors along with technical strategies involved in their mechanism of working and their applications in healthcare. Additionally, it provides a key for the ontogeny of an effective and supportive hierarchical protocol for clinical decision-making about personalized medicine through combinatory information analysis, and integrated multidisciplinary AI approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Vashistha
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Arun Kumar Dangi
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi, Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi, Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Pulikkathodi AK, Sarangadharan I, Lo CY, Chen PH, Chen CC, Wang YL. Miniaturized Biomedical Sensors for Enumeration of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082213. [PMID: 30060613 PMCID: PMC6121478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we have realized a rapid extracellular vesicle (EV) quantification methodology using a high field modulated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility (HEMT) biosensor. The unique sensing structure facilitated the detection of the sub-cellular components in physiological salt environment without requiring extensive sample pre-treatments. The high field operation of GaN HEMT biosensor provides high sensitivity and wide dynamic range of detection of EVs (10⁷⁻1010 EVs/mL). An antibody specific to the known surface marker on the EV was used to capture them for quantification using an HEMT biosensor. Fluorescence microscopy images confirm the successful capture of EVs from the test solution. The present method can detect EVs in high ionic strength solution, with a short sample incubation period of 5 min, and does not require labels or additional reagents or wash/block steps. This methodology has the potential to be used in clinical applications for rapid EV quantification from blood or serum for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Pulikkathodi
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Indu Sarangadharan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Yun Lo
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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70
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Juang DS, Lin CH, Huo YR, Tang CY, Cheng CR, Wu HS, Huang SF, Kalnitsky A, Lin CC. Proton-ELISA: Electrochemical immunoassay on a dual-gated ISFET array. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:175-182. [PMID: 29902633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an electrochemical immunoassay platform called Proton-ELISA (H-ELISA) for the detection of bioanalytes. H-ELISA uniquely utilizes protons as an immunoassay detection medium, generated by the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) coupled with Fenton's reagent in a proton amplification reaction cascade that results in a highly amplified signal. A proton-sensitive dual-gated ion-sensitive field effect transistor (DG-ISFET) sensor was also developed for sensitive and accurate detection of the proton signal in H-ELISA. The DG-ISFET sensor comprises of a 128 × 128 array of 16,384 sensing transistors each with an individually addressable back gate to allow for a very high signal throughput and improved accuracy. We then demonstrated that the platform could detect C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin E down to concentrations of 12.5 and 125 pg/mL, respectively. We further showed that the platform is compatible with complex biological sample conditions such as human serum, suggesting that the platform is sufficiently robust for potential diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane S Juang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Lin
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Huo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Tang
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ren Cheng
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shu Wu
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fen Huang
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Kalnitsky
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 8, Li-Hsin Rd. 6, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Biosensing Technologies for Medical Applications, Manufacturing, and Regenerative Medicine. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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