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Kian LK, Jawaid M, Ariffin H, Alothman OY. Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from roselle fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:931-940. [PMID: 28549863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from roselle fiber through acid hydrolysis treatment and its properties were compared with those of commercially available MCC. The physicochemical and morphological characteristics, elemental composition, size distribution, crystallinity and thermal properties of the obtained MCC were analyzed in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis provided clear evidence that the characteristic peak of lignin was absent in the spectrum of the MCC prepared from roselle fiber. Rough surface and slight aggregation of MCC were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that pure MCC with small quantities of residues and impurities was obtained, with a similar elemental composition to that of commercial MCC. A mean diameter of approximately 44.28μm was measured for MCC by using a particle size analyzer (PSA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the crystallinity increased from 63% in roselle pulp to 78% in roselle MCC, the latter having a slightly higher crystallinity than that of commercial MCC (74%). TGA and DSC results indicated that the roselle MCC had better thermal stability than the roselle pulp, whereas it had poorer thermal stability in comparison with commercial MCC. Thus, the isolated MCC from roselle fibers will be going to use as reinforcing element in green composites and may be a precursor for future roselle derived nanocellulose, and thus a promising subject in nanocomposite research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Kia Kian
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Othman Y Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Deanship of Graduate Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
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52
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Sung SH, Chang Y, Han J. Development of polylactic acid nanocomposite films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals derived from coffee silverskin. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:495-503. [PMID: 28504172 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanocomposite films based on polylactic acid (PLA) matrix reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were developed using a twin-screw extruder. The CNCs were extracted from coffee silverskin (CS), which is a by-product of the coffee roasting process. They were extracted by alkali treatment followed by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. They were used as reinforcing agents to obtain PLA/CNC nanocomposites by addition at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5% CNCs). Morphological, tensile, and barrier properties of the bio-nanocomposites were analyzed. The tensile strength and Young's modulus increased with both 1% and 3% CNCs. The water vapor permeability decreased gradually with increasing addition of CNCs up to 3% and good oxygen barrier properties were found for all nanocomposites. These results suggest that CNCs from CS can improve the physical properties of PLA-based biopolymer film. The developed PLA/CNC bio-nanocomposite films can potentially be used for biopolymer materials with enhanced barrier and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonjee Chang
- Institute of Control Agents for Microorganisms, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaejoon Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biosciences and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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53
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Bano S, Negi YS. Studies on cellulose nanocrystals isolated from groundnut shells. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1041-1049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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54
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Luo F, Yang D, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Characterization of bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles by grape leaf aqueous extract and identification of active biomolecules involved in the synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:526-532. [PMID: 27110966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the detailed composition and morphology of one-step green synthesized bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) using grape leaf aqueous extract and identification of active biomolecules involved in the synthesis employing various techniques. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that Fe/Pd NPs were polydispersed and quasi-spherical with a diameter ranging from 2 to 20nm. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) provided evidence for the composition of Fe and Pd and for their species existing on the surface of Fe/Pd NPs. In addition, biomolecules in the grape leaf aqueous extract were identified but their functions are still unclear. Biomolecules in the aqueous extract such as methoxy-phenyl-oxime, N-benzoyl-2-cyano-histamine, 2-ethyl-phenol, 1,2-benzenediol, β-hydroxyquebracamine, hydroquinone, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 4-(3-hydroxybutyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen and some polyphenolic compounds were identified as reducing and capping agents, which were studied by Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), XPS and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Our finding suggests a new insight into cost-effective, simple, and environmentally benign production of bimetallic Fe/Pd NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Die Yang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Zuliang Chen
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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55
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Cao Y, Jiang Y, Song Y, Cao S, Miao M, Feng X, Fang J, Shi L. Combined bleaching and hydrolysis for isolation of cellulose nanofibrils from waste sackcloth. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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56
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Jiang F, Hsieh YL. Cellulose nanocrystal isolation from tomato peels and assembled nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mariño M, Lopes da Silva L, Durán N, Tasic L. Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. Molecules 2015; 20:5908-23. [PMID: 25854755 PMCID: PMC6272572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. Different techniques for the isolation and purification of nanocellulose have been reported, and combining these techniques influences the morphology of the resultant fibers. Herein, some of the extraction routes for obtaining nanocellulose from citrus waste are addressed. The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Mariño
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucimara Lopes da Silva
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Durán
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
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58
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Khandanlou R, Ahmad MB, Fard Masoumi HR, Shameli K, Basri M, Kalantari K. Rapid adsorption of copper(II) and lead(II) by rice straw/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite: optimization, equilibrium isotherms, and adsorption kinetics study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120264. [PMID: 25815470 PMCID: PMC4376687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice straw/magnetic nanocomposites (RS/Fe3O4-NCs) were prepared via co-precipitation method for removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to find the optimum conditions for removal of ions. The effects of three independent variables including initial ion concentration, removal time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated on the maximum adsorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II). The optimum conditions for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were obtained (100 and 60 mg/L) of initial ion concentration, (41.96 and 59.35 s) of removal time and 0.13 g of adsorbent for both ions, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were obtained 96.25% and 75.54%, respectively. In the equilibrium isotherm study, the adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics was best depicted by the pseudo-second order model. Desorption experiments showed adsorbent can be reused successfully for three adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Khandanlou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mansor B. Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahiran Basri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Katayoon Kalantari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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59
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Jiang F, Hsieh YL. Holocellulose Nanocrystals: Amphiphilicity, Oil/Water Emulsion, and Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1433-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Fiber and Polymer Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Fiber and Polymer Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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60
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Zietsman AJJ, Moore JP, Fangel JU, Willats WGT, Trygg J, Vivier MA. Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2798-2810. [PMID: 25693868 DOI: 10.1021/jf505200m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anscha J J Zietsman
- †Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - John P Moore
- †Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jonatan U Fangel
- ‡Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1001 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William G T Willats
- ‡Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1001 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Trygg
- §Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Melané A Vivier
- †Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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61
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Cáez-Ramirez GR, Téllez-Medina DI, Gutierrez-López GF. Multiscale and Nanostructural Approach to Fruits Stability. FOOD NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13596-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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62
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Gan S, Zakaria S, Chia CH, Padzil FNM, Ng P. Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on solubility and formation of kenaf cellulose membrane and hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:62-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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63
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Trache D, Donnot A, Khimeche K, Benelmir R, Brosse N. Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 104:223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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64
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Luo F, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Biomolecules in grape leaf extract involved in one-step synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08808e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules in plant extracts are often used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles in a single-step green synthesis process that is environment friendly and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environments
- University of South Australia
| | - Zuliang Chen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environments
- University of South Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environments
- University of South Australia
| | - Ravendra Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environments
- University of South Australia
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65
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Mueller S, Weder C, Foster EJ. Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from pseudostems of banana plants. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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66
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Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: technology and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:154-69. [PMID: 23544524 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of renewables materials for industrial applications is becoming impellent due to the increasing demand of alternatives to scarce and unrenewable petroleum supplies. In this regard, nanocrystalline cellulose, NCC, derived from cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, is one of the most promising materials. NCC has unique features, interesting for the development of new materials: the abundance of the source cellulose, its renewability and environmentally benign nature, its mechanical properties and its nano-scaled dimensions open a wide range of possible properties to be discovered. One of the most promising uses of NCC is in polymer matrix nanocomposites, because it can provide a significant reinforcement. This review provides an overview on this emerging nanomaterial, focusing on extraction procedures, especially from lignocellulosic biomass, and on technological developments and applications of NCC-based materials. Challenges and future opportunities of NCC-based materials will be are discussed as well as obstacles remaining for their large use.
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