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Novy V, Longus K, Nidetzky B. From wheat straw to bioethanol: integrative analysis of a separate hydrolysis and co-fermentation process with implemented enzyme production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:46. [PMID: 25883680 PMCID: PMC4399083 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic ethanol has a high potential as renewable energy source. In recent years, much research effort has been spent to optimize parameters involved in the production process. Despite that, there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on process integration. Single parameters and process configurations are, however, heavily interrelated and can affect the overall process efficiency in a multitude of ways. Here, we present an integrative approach for bioethanol production from wheat straw at a representative laboratory scale using a separate hydrolysis and co-fermentation (SHCF) process. The process does not rely on commercial (hemi-) cellulases but includes enzyme production through Hypocrea jecorina (formerly Trichoderma reesei) on the pre-treated feedstock as key unit operation. Hydrolysis reactions are run with high solid loadings of 15% dry mass pre-treated wheat straw (DM WS), and hydrolyzates are utilized without detoxification for mixed glucose-xylose fermentation with the genetically and evolutionary engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain IBB10B05. RESULTS Process configurations of unit operations in the benchtop SHCF were varied and evaluated with respect to the overall process ethanol yield (Y Ethanol-Process). The highest Y Ethanol-Process of 71.2 g ethanol per kg raw material was reached when fungal fermentations were run as batch, and the hydrolysis reaction was done with an enzyme loading of 30 filter paper units (FPU)/gDM WS. 1.7 ± 0.1 FPU/mL were produced, glucose and xylose were released with a conversion efficiency of 67% and 95%, respectively, and strain IBB10B05 showed an ethanol yield of 0.4 g/gGlc + Xyl in 15% hydrolyzate fermentations. Based on the detailed process analysis, it was further possible to identify the enzyme yield, the glucose conversion efficiency, and the mass losses between the unit operations as key process parameters, exhibiting a major influence on Y Ethanol-Process. CONCLUSIONS Y Ethanol-Process is a measure for the efficiency of the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process. Based on mass balance analysis, the correlations between single process parameters and Y Ethanol-Process were elucidated. The optimized laboratory scale SHCF process showed efficiencies similar to pilot scale plants. The herein presented process analysis can serve as effective and simple tool to identify key process parameters, bottlenecks, and future optimization targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Novy
- />Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Longus
- />Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- />Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
- />Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Singh J, Suhag M, Dhaka A. Augmented digestion of lignocellulose by steam explosion, acid and alkaline pretreatment methods: a review. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 117:624-631. [PMID: 25498680 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials can be explored as one of the sustainable substrates for bioethanol production through microbial intervention as they are abundant, cheap and renewable. But at the same time, their recalcitrant structure makes the conversion process more cumbersome owing to their chemical composition which adversely affects the efficiency of bioethanol production. Therefore, the technical approaches to overcome recalcitrance of biomass feedstock has been developed to remove the barriers with the help of pretreatment methods which make cellulose more accessible to the hydrolytic enzymes, secreted by the microorganisms, for its conversion to glucose. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in cost effective manner is a major challenge to bioethanol technology research and development. Hence, in this review, we have discussed various aspects of three commonly used pretreatment methods, viz., steam explosion, acid and alkaline, applied on various lignocellulosic biomasses to augment their digestibility alongwith the challenges associated with their processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joginder Singh
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Botany, A. I. Jat H. M. College, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Suhag
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Anil Dhaka
- PNRS Government College, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Zakaria MR, Hirata S, Hassan MA. Combined pretreatment using alkaline hydrothermal and ball milling to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm mesocarp fiber. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:236-243. [PMID: 25058299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber was conducted in tube reactor at treatment severity ranges of log Ro = 3.66-4.83 and partial removal of hemicellulose with migration of lignin was obtained. Concerning maximal recovery of glucose and xylose, 1.5% NaOH was impregnated in the system and subsequent ball milling treatment was employed to improve the conversion yield. The effects of combined hydrothermal and ball milling pretreatments were evaluated by chemical composition changes by using FT-IR, WAXD and morphological alterations by SEM. The successful of pretreatments were assessed by the degree of enzymatic digestibility of treated samples. The highest xylose and glucose yields obtained were 63.2% and 97.3% respectively at cellulase loadings of 10 FPU/g-substrate which is the highest conversion from OPMF ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rafein Zakaria
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan; Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Satoshi Hirata
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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A Yeast Isolated from Cashew Apple Juice and Its Ability to Produce First- and Second-Generation Ethanol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2762-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kumar L, Kumar D, Nagar S, Gupta R, Garg N, Kuhad RC, Gupta VK. Modulation of xylanase production from alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 through process optimization and temperature shift operation. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:345-356. [PMID: 28324471 PMCID: PMC4145618 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at enhancing the production of xylanase from an alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 in submerged fermentation using wheat bran, a cheap and abundantly available agro-residue, through process optimization and to monitor the effect of temperature shift operation on it. The potential of xylanase in saccharification of wheat straw was also investigated. The results showed that optimization of the fermentation process by one variable approach increased the enzyme yield from 402 to 4,986 IU/ml. Subsequently, optimization of nitrogen and carbon sources through response surface methodology led to high level xylanase production (7,295 IU/ml) which was 1.46-fold greater than one variable approach after 56 h of cultivation at 30 °C. Temperature shift operation during fermentation resulted in maximum xylanase production in lesser duration (48 h instead of 56 h). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the alkali pre-treated wheat straw with 500 IU xylanase alone released 173 ± 8 mg sugars/g whereas in combination with cellulase and β-glucosidase released 553 ± 12 mg sugars/g dry substrate in 6 h, indicating its potential in saccharification of the lignocellulosic substrate. Temperature shift operation is likely to be attractive for large scale industrial fermentation due to significant reduction in the operating cost. To our knowledge, this is the first report which showed the effect of temperature shift operation on xylanase production from bacteria. The xylanase production from Bacillus sp. in the present study is close to the highest titre reported in the literature. An enhanced xylanase production using wheat bran, a cheap and abundantly available agro-residue, will apparently reduce the enzyme cost, which would be beneficial for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Davender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Sushil Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Rishi Gupta
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Neelam Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
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Bamboo: a new source of carbohydrate for biorefinery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:645-54. [PMID: 25037399 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo is perennial woody grass, which distributed widely in the world and belonged to the Gramineae family and Bambuseae subfamily. It may be consider as a candidate lignocellulosic substrate for bio-ethanol production for its environmental benefits and higher annual biomass yield. The conversion of bamboo into bio-ethanol, bio-methane, natural food, flavonoids, and functional xylo-oligosaccharides production were reviewed in this paper. Future prospects for research include pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation will also be performed to improve the whole process of ethanol production more economical. And revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of the fast growth of bamboo will provide chance for improving bamboo or other energy plants biomass yield through genetic engineering.
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Steffien D, Aubel I, Bertau M. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated lignocellulose with Penicillium verruculosum cellulases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zang L, Qiu J, Wu X, Zhang W, Sakai E, Wei Y. Preparation of Magnetic Chitosan Nanoparticles As Support for Cellulase Immobilization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie404072s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zang
- Department
of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of System
Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Akita 015-0055, Japan
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Department
of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of System
Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Akita 015-0055, Japan
| | - Xueli Wu
- Department
of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of System
Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Akita 015-0055, Japan
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department
of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of System
Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Akita 015-0055, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sakai
- Department
of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of System
Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Akita 015-0055, Japan
| | - Yi Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
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Enhanced ethanol and chitosan production from wheat straw by Mucor indicus with minimal nutrient consumption. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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