1
|
Zhao Y, Zhang B, Gu H, Xu T, Chen Q, Li J, Zhou P, Guan X, He L, Liang Y, Zhang K, Liu S, Shi K. A mutant GH3 family β-glucosidase from Oenococcus oeni exhibits superior adaptation to wine stresses and potential for improving wine aroma and phenolic profiles. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104458. [PMID: 38225057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into a GH3 family β-glucosidase (BGL) from the wild-type strain of Oenococcus oeni and its mutated counterpart from the acid-tolerant mutant strain. Our analysis revealed the mutant BGL's remarkable capacity to adapt to wine-related stress conditions, including heightened tolerance to low pH, elevated ethanol concentrations, and metal ions. Additionally, the mutant BGL exhibited superior hydrolytic activity towards various substrates. Through de novo modeling, we identified specific amino acid mutations responsible for its resilience to low pH and high ethanol environments. In simulated wine conditions, the mutant BGL outperformed both wild-type and commercial BGLs, efficiently releasing terpene and phenolic aglycones from glycosides in wine grapes. These findings not only expand our understanding of O. oeni BGLs but also highlight their potential in enhancing wine production. The mutant BGL's enhanced adaptation to wine stress conditions opens promising avenue for improving wine quality and flavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhao
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Biying Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huawei Gu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tongxin Xu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiling Chen
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- COFCO GreatWall Wine, Penglai, Shandong, China
| | | | - Xueqiang Guan
- Shandong Academy of Grape / Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanying Liang
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kekun Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kan Shi
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ai L, Wu FZ, Fan XB, Yang J, Wu QX, Zhu JJ, Ni XY. Short-term responses of soil enzyme activities and stoichiometry to litter input in Castanopsis carlesii and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2024; 35:631-638. [PMID: 38646750 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Litter input triggers the secretion of soil extracellular enzymes and facilitates the release of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from decomposing litter. However, how soil extracellular enzyme activities were controlled by litter input with various substrates is not fully understood. We examined the activities and stoichiometry of five enzymes including β-1,4-glucosidase, β-D-cellobiosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase and acidic phosphatase (AP) with and without litter input in 10-year-old Castanopsis carlesii and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations monthly during April to August, in October, and in December 2021 by using an in situ microcosm experiment. The results showed that: 1) There was no significant effect of short-term litter input on soil enzyme activity, stoichiometry, and vector properties in C. carlesii plantation. In contrast, short-term litter input significantly increased the AP activity by 1.7% in May and decreased the enzymatic C/N ratio by 3.8% in August, and decreased enzymatic C/P and N/P ratios by 11.7% and 10.3%, respectively, in October in C. lanceolata plantation. Meanwhile, litter input increased the soil enzymatic vector angle to 53.8° in October in C. lanceolata plantations, suggesting a significant P limitation for soil microorganisms. 2) Results from partial least squares regression analyses showed that soil dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass C and N were the primary factors in explaining the responses of soil enzymatic activity to short-term litter input in both plantations. Overall, input of low-quality (high C/N) litter stimulates the secretion of soil extracellular enzymes and accelerates litter decomposition. There is a P limitation for soil microorganisms in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ai
- School of Geographical Sciences and Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Fu-Zhong Wu
- School of Geographical Sciences and Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365002, Fujian, China
| | - Xue-Bo Fan
- School of Geographical Sciences and Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences and Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Wu
- School of Geographical Sciences and Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhu
- School of Geographical Sciences and Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiang-Yin Ni
- School of Geographical Sciences and Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365002, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Gao X, Xu Q, Liu W, Xu Q, Zhao D, Cai J. Recovery and characterization of β-glucosidase-producing non-Saccharomyces yeasts from the fermentation broth of Vitis labruscana Baily × Vitis vinifera L. for investigation of their fermentation characteristics. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:174. [PMID: 38493436 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The present study focuses on investigating 60 strains of yeast isolated from the natural fermentation broth of Vitis labruscana Baily × Vitis vinifera L. These strains underwent screening using lysine culture medium and esculin culture medium, resulting in the identification of 27 local non-Saccharomyces yeast strains exhibiting high β-glucosidase production. Subsequent analysis of their fermentation characteristics led to the selection of four superior strains (Z-6, Z-11, Z-25, and Z-58) with excellent β-glucosidase production and fermentation performance. Notably, these selected strains displayed a dark coloration on esculin medium and exhibited robust gas production during Duchenne tubules' fermentation test. Furthermore, all four non-Saccharomyces yeast strains demonstrated normal growth under specific conditions including SO2 mass concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 g/L, temperature between 25 and 30 °C, glucose mass concentration ranging from 200 to 400 g/L, and ethanol concentration at approximately 4%. Molecular biology identification confirmed that all selected strains belonged to Pichia kudriavzevii species which holds great potential for wine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Gao
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Liu
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihe Xu
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- Zhongbo Food Technology Group Co., Ltd, Qujing, 655000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cai
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nam KH. Structural analysis of Tris binding in β-glucosidases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 700:149608. [PMID: 38306932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
β-glucosidases (Bgls) are glycosyl hydrolases that catalyze the conversion of cellobiose or glucosyl-polysaccharide into glucose. Bgls are widely used in industry to produce bioethanol, wine and juice, and feed. Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) is an organic compound that can inhibit the hydrolase activity of some Bgls, but the inhibition state and selectivity have not been fully elucidated. Here, three crystal structures of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum Bgl complexed with the Tris molecule were determined at 1.55-1.95 Å. The configuration of Tris binding to TsaBgl remained consistent across three crystal structures, and the amino acids interacting with the Tris molecule were conserved across Bgl enzymes. The positions O1 and O3 atoms of Tris exhibit the same binding moiety as the hydroxyl group of the glucose molecule. Tris molecules are stably positioned at the glycone site and coordinate with surrounding water molecules. The Tris-binding configuration of TsaBgl is similar to that of HjeBgl, HgaBgl, ManBgl, and KflBgl, but the arrangement of the water molecule coordinating Tris at the aglycone site differs. Meanwhile, both the arrangement of Tris and the water molecules in ubBgl, NkoBgl, and SfrBgl differ from those in TsaBgl. The binding configuration and affinity of the Tris molecule for Bgl may be affected by the residues on the aglycone and gatekeeper regions. This result will extend our knowledge of the inhibitory effect of Tris molecules on TsaBgl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Nam
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 20707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao Q, Xu J, Tang N, Chen W, Gu Q, Li H. Screening, cloning, immobilization and application prospects of a novel β-glucosidase from the soil metagenome. Environ Res 2024; 244:117676. [PMID: 37996002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The soil environment for straw return is a rich and valuable library containing many microorganisms and proteins. In this study, we aimed to screen a high-quality β-glucosidase (BGL) from the soil metagenomic library and to overcome the limitation of the low extraction rate of resveratrol in Polygonum cuspidatum. This includes the construction of a soil metagenomic library, screening of BGL, bioinformatics analysis, cloning, expression, immobilization, enzymatic property analysis, and application for the transformation of polydatin. The results showed that the soil metagenomic library of straw return was successfully constructed, and a novel BGL was screened. The identified 1356 bp long BGL belonged to the glycoside hydrolase 1 (GH1) family and was named Bgl1356. After successful cloning and expression of Bgl1356, it was immobilized using chitosan. The optimum temperature of immobilized Bgl1356 was 50 °C, and the pH was 5. It exhibited good tolerance for various metal ions (CO2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Na2+, Ca2+, and Ag+) and organic solvents (DMSO, Triton-X-10, and ethanol). Enzymatic kinetics assays showed that Bgl1356 had good affinity for the substrate, and the specific enzyme activity was 234.03 U/mg. The conversion rate of polydatin by immobilized Bgl1356 was 95.70 ± 1.08%, facilitating the production of high amounts of resveratrol. Thus, this paper reports a novel temperature-, organic solvent-, and metal ion-tolerant BGL that has good application prospects in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Nan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weiji Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Quliang Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - He Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ejaz U, Taj A, Sohail M, Alanazi AK, Abo-Dief HM. Toward a zero waste approach: Utilization of sugarcane bagasse for dye removal and multienzymes production. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300529. [PMID: 38066405 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Global production of sugarcane bagasse (SB) by sugar industries exceeds more than 100 tons per annum. SB is rich in lignin and polysaccharide and hence can serve as a low-cost energy and carbon source for the growth of industrially important microorganism. However, various other applications of SB have also been investigated. In this study, SB was used as an adsorbent to remove an azo dye, malachite green. Subsequently, the dye-adsorbed SB was fermented by Trametes pubescens MB 89 for the production of laccase enzyme. The fungal pretreated SB was further utilized as a substrate for the simultaneous production of multiple plant cell wall degrading enzymes including, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and amylase by thermophilic bacterial strains. Results showed that 0.1% SB removed 97.04% malachite green at 30°C after 30 min from a solution containing 66 ppm of the dye. Fermentation of the dye-adsorbed SB by T. pubescens MB 89 yielded 667.203 IU mL-1 laccase. Moreover, Brevibacillus borstelensis UE10 produced 38.41 and 18.6 IU mL-1 β-glucosidase and pectinase, respectively, by using fungal-pretreated SB. Cultivation of B. borstelensis UE27 in the medium containing the same substrate yielded 32.14 IU mL-1 of endoglucanase and 27.23 IU mL-1 of β-glucosidase. Likewise, Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25 could produce a mix of β-glucosidase (37.24 IU mL-1 ), xylanase (18.65 IU mL-1 ) and endoglucanase (26.65 IU mL-1 ). Hence, this study led to the development of a method through which dye-containing textile effluent can be treated by SB along with the production of industrially important enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (Szabist University), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Taj
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Hala M Abo-Dief
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mo H, Chen X, Tang M, Qu Y, Li Z, Liu W, Yang C, Chen Y, Sun J, Yang H, Du G. Expression of a thermostable glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase from a hot-spring metagenome and its promising application to produce gardenia blue. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107036. [PMID: 38141330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a thermostable glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase, BglY442, from hot-spring metagenomic data that was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The molecular mass of recombinant BglY442 was 69.9 kDa and was used in the production of gardenia blue. The recombinant BglY442 showed its maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 75 °C, maintained 50 % activity at 70 °C for 36 h, presented over 90 % activity in a broad pH range and a wide range of pH stability. Moreover, BglY442 exhibited excellent tolerance toward methanol and ethanol. The specific activity of BglY442 was 235 U/mg at pH 6.0 and 75 °C with 10 mM pNPG as substrate. BglY442 activity increased by over fourfold with 2 M glucose or xylose. Specifically, the enzyme kinetics of BglY442 seem to be non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics or atypical kinetics because the Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics were not observed with pNPG, oNPG or geniposide as substrates. Under optimum conditions, geniposide was dehydrated by BglY442 and reacted with nine amino acids respectively by the one-pot method. Only the Arg or Met derived pigments showed bright blue, and these two pigments had similar ultraviolet absorption spectra. The OD590 nm of GB was detected to be 1.06 after 24 h with the addition of Arg and 1.61 after 36 h with the addition of Met. The intermediate was elucidated and identified as ginipin. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the enzyme had a similar catalytic mechanism to the reported GH1 Bgls. BglY442 exhibited potential for gardenia blue production by the one-pot method. With outstanding thermostability and glucose tolerance, BglY442 should be considered a potential β-glucosidase in biotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Mo
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Manwen Tang
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiying Yang
- Yunnan Minzu University, School of Chemistry and Environment, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Gang Du
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Erkanli ME, El-Halabi K, Kim JR. Exploring the diversity of β-glucosidase: Classification, catalytic mechanism, molecular characteristics, kinetic models, and applications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110363. [PMID: 38041879 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
High-value chemicals and energy-related products can be produced from biomass. Biorefinery technology offers a sustainable and cost-effective method for this high-value conversion. β-glucosidase is one of the key enzymes in biorefinery processes, catalyzing the production of glucose from aryl-glycosides and cello-oligosaccharides via the hydrolysis of β-glycosidic bonds. Although β-glucosidase plays a critical catalytic role in the utilization of cellulosic biomass, its efficacy is often limited by substrate or product inhibitions, low thermostability, and/or insufficient catalytic activity. To provide a detailed overview of β-glucosidases and their benefits in certain desired applications, we collected and summarized extensive information from literature and public databases, covering β-glucosidases in different glycosidase hydrolase families and biological kingdoms. These β-glucosidases show differences in amino acid sequence, which are translated into varying degrees of the molecular properties critical in enzymatic applications. This review describes studies on the diversity of β-glucosidases related to the classification, catalytic mechanisms, key molecular characteristics, kinetics models, and applications, and highlights several β-glucosidases displaying high stability, activity, and resistance to glucose inhibition suitable for desired biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emre Erkanli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Khalid El-Halabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Jin Ryoun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma LJ, Liu X, Guo L, Luo Y, Zhang B, Cui X, Yang K, Cai J, Liu F, Ma N, Yang FQ, He X, Shi SP, Wan JB. Discovery of plant chemical defence mediated by a two-component system involving β-glucosidase in Panax species. Nat Commun 2024; 15:602. [PMID: 38238334 PMCID: PMC10796634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants usually produce defence metabolites in non-active forms to minimize the risk of harm to themselves and spatiotemporally activate these defence metabolites upon pathogen attack. This so-called two-component system plays a decisive role in the chemical defence of various plants. Here, we discovered that Panax notoginseng, a valuable medicinal plant, has evolved a two-component chemical defence system composed of a chloroplast-localized β-glucosidase, denominated PnGH1, and its substrates 20(S)-protopanaxadiol ginsenosides. The β-glucosidase and its substrates are spatially separated in cells under physiological conditions, and ginsenoside hydrolysis is therefore activated only upon chloroplast disruption, which is caused by the induced exoenzymes of pathogenic fungi upon exposure to plant leaves. This activation of PnGH1-mediated hydrolysis results in the production of a series of less-polar ginsenosides by selective hydrolysis of an outer glucose at the C-3 site, with a broader spectrum and more potent antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo than the precursor molecules. Furthermore, such β-glucosidase-mediated hydrolysis upon fungal infection was also found in the congeneric species P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng. Our findings reveal a two-component chemical defence system in Panax species and offer insights for developing botanical pesticides for disease management in Panax species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cui
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ni Ma
- Department of Product Development, Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, Wenshan University, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang W, Su Y, Wang R, Zhang H, Jing H, Meng J, Zhang G, Huang L, Guo L, Wang J, Gao W. Microbial production and applications of β-glucosidase-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:127915. [PMID: 37939774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase exists in all areas of living organisms, and microbial β-glucosidase has become the main source of its production because of its unique physicochemical properties and the advantages of high-yield production by fermentation. With the rise of the green circular economy, the production of enzymes through the fermentation of waste as the substrate has become a popular trend. Lignocellulosic biomass is an easily accessible and sustainable feedstock that exists in nature, and the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass requires the involvement of β-glucosidase. This review proposes ways to improve β-glucosidase yield and catalytic efficiency. Optimization of growth conditions and purification strategies of enzymes can increase enzyme yield, and enzyme immobilization, genetic engineering, protein engineering, and whole-cell catalysis provide solutions to enhance the catalytic efficiency and activity of β-glucosidase. Besides, the diversified industrial applications, challenges and prospects of β-glucosidase are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaowu Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rubing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jie Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sahu S, Ghosh S, Sinha SK, Datta S, Sengupta N. Thermal Sensitivity of the Enzymatic Activity of β-Glucosidase: Simulations Lend Mechanistic Insights into Experimental Observations. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3440-3452. [PMID: 37997958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A crucial prerequisite for industrial applications of enzymes is the maintenance of specific activity across wide thermal ranges. β-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) is an essential enzyme for converting cellulose in biomass to glucose. While the reaction mechanisms of β-glucosidases from various thermal ranges (hyperthermophilic, thermophilic, and mesophilic) are similar, the factors underlying their thermal sensitivity remain obscure. The work presented here aims to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal sensitivity of the enzymatic activity of the β-glucosidase BglB from the bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa. Experiments reveal a maximum enzymatic activity at 315 K, with a marked decrease in the activity below and above this temperature. Employing in silico simulations, we identified the crucial role of the active site tunnel residues in the thermal sensitivity. Specific tunnel residues were identified via energetic decomposition and protein-substrate hydrogen bond analyses. The experimentally observed trends in specific activity with temperature coincide with variations in overall binding free energy changes, showcasing a predominantly electrostatic effect that is consistent with enhanced catalytic pocket-substrate hydrogen bonding (HB) at Topt. The entropic advantage owing to the HB substate reorganization was found to facilitate better substrate binding at 315 K. This study elicits molecular-level insights into the associative mechanisms between thermally enabled fluctuations and enzymatic activity. Crucial differences emerge between molecular mechanisms involving the actual substrate (cellobiose) and a commonly employed chemical analogue. We posit that leveraging the role of fluctuations may reveal unexpected insights into enzyme behavior and offer novel paradigms for enzyme engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sahu
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayani Ghosh
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushant K Sinha
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Supratim Datta
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
- Center for the Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
- Center for the Climate and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Neelanjana Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han JS, Joung JY, Kim HW, Kim JH, Choi HS, Bae HJ, Jang JH, Oh NS. Enhanced Cholesterol-Lowering and Antioxidant Activities of Soymilk by Fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1475-1483. [PMID: 37482800 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant activities of soymilk fermented with probiotic Lactobacillaceae strains and to investigate the production of related bioactive compounds. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06 (KML06) was selected for the fermentation of soymilk because it has the highest antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and β-glucosidase activities among the 10 Lactobacillaceae strains isolated from kimchi. The genomic information of strain KML06 was analyzed. Moreover, soymilk fermented with KML06 was evaluated for growth kinetics, metabolism, and functional characteristics during the fermentation period. The number of viable cells, which was similar to the results of radical scavenging activities and cholesterol assimilation, as well as the amount of soy isoflavone aglycones, daidzein, and genistein, was the highest at 12 h of fermentation. These results indicate that soymilk fermented with KML06 can prevent oxidative stress and cholesterol-related problems through the production of soy isoflavone aglycones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seung Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Joung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Su Choi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Jang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nam KH. The Conformational Change of the L3 Loop Affects the Structural Changes in the Substrate Binding Pocket Entrance of β-Glucosidase. Molecules 2023; 28:7807. [PMID: 38067537 PMCID: PMC10707726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidase (Bgl) hydrolyzes cellobiose to glucose, thereby releasing non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues. Bgl is an essential enzyme belonging to the biomass-degrading enzyme family, which plays a vital role in enzymatic saccharification during biofuel production. The four loops above the Bgl substrate-binding pocket undergo a conformational change upon substrate recognition. However, the structural dynamism of this loop and how it is conserved among Bgl family members remain unknown. Herein, to better understand the four loops above the substrate-binding pocket of Bgl, four Bgl crystal structures in Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum (TsaBgl) were determined at 1.5-2.1 Å. The L1, L2, and L4 loops of TsaBgl showed a rigid conformation stabilized by their neighboring residues via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The TsaBgl L3 loop showed relatively high flexibility and two different N-terminal region conformations. The conformational change in the TsaBgl L3 loop induced a change in charge and shaped at the substrate-binding pocket entrance. The amino acid sequences and structures of the TsaBgl L1-4 loops were compared with other 45 Bgl proteins, and a diversity of the L2 and L3 loops was observed. Differences in amino acids and lengths of Bgls L2-L3 loop induced differences in the conformation and structure of the Bgls substrate-binding pocket entrance. These findings expand our knowledge on the molecular function of the loops in the Bgl enzyme family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Nam
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dadwal A, Sharma S, Satyanarayana T. Biochemical characteristics of Myceliophthora thermophila recombinant β-glucosidase (MtBgl3c) applicable in cellulose bioconversion. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1187-1198. [PMID: 36799667 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2177869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The GH3 β-glucosidase gene of Myceliophthora thermophila (MtBgl3c) has been cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli for the first time. This study highlights the important characteristics of recombinant MtBgl3c (rMtBgl3c) which make it a promising candidate in industrial applications. Optimization of the production of rMtBgl3c led to 28,000 U L-1. On purification, it has a molecular mass of ∼100 kDa. It is a broad substrate specific thermostable enzyme that exhibits pH and temperature optima at 5.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The amino acid residues Asp287 and Glu514 act as nucleophile and catalytic acid/base, respectively in the enzyme catalysis. Its low Km value (1.28 mM) indicates a high substrate affinity as compared to those previously reported. The rMtBgl3c displays a synergistic action with the commercial enzyme cocktail in the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse suggesting its utility in the cellulose bioconversion. Tolerance to solvents, detergents as well as glucose make this enzyme applicable in wine, detergent, paper and textile industries too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anica Dadwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Azad Hind Fauj Marg, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Azad Hind Fauj Marg, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Azad Hind Fauj Marg, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Godse R, Bawane H, Rajkhowa R, Tripathi J, Kulkarni R. Comprehensive in situ and ex situ β-glucosidase-assisted assessment reveals Indian mangoes as reservoirs of glycosidic aroma precursors. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113355. [PMID: 37803658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Mango, a valued commercial fruit in India is popular mostly because of its attractive flavour. Glycosidically bound volatiles (GBV), an underrepresented warehouse of aroma, remain completely unexplored in Indian mangoes. In this study, GBV were profiled in pulps and peels of 10 Indian mango cultivars, leading to detection of 66 GBV which were dominated by monoterpenoids and phenolics. Peels were quantitatively and qualitatively richer in GBV than pulps. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis indicated higher contribution of peel GBV to the distinctness of cultivars. Linalool, geraniol, and eugenol were the significant contributors based on the odour units. Direct β-glucosidase treatment to the juice resulted in the release of lesser number of volatiles than those released from the purified GBV extracts. Apart from providing a comprehensive catalogue of GBV in mangoes, our data suggests the need of critical assessment of the usefulness of β-glucosidases in aroma improvement of fruit juices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravish Godse
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India.
| | - Hemangi Bawane
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India.
| | - Riyakshi Rajkhowa
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India.
| | - Jyoti Tripathi
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yanai T, Takahashi Y, Katsumura E, Sakai N, Takeshita K, Imaizumi R, Matsuura H, Hongo S, Waki T, Takahashi S, Yamamoto M, Kataoka K, Nakayama T, Yamashita S. Structural insights into a bacterial β-glucosidase capable of degrading sesaminol triglucoside to produce sesaminol: toward the understanding of the aglycone recognition mechanism by the C-terminal lid domain. J Biochem 2023; 174:335-344. [PMID: 37384427 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesaminol triglucoside (STG)-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus sp. (PSTG1), which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3), is a promising catalyst for the industrial production of sesaminol. We determined the X-ray crystal structure of PSTG1 with bound glycerol molecule in the putative active site. PSTG1 monomer contained typical three domains of GH3 with the active site in domain 1 (TIM barrel). In addition, PSTG1 contained an additional domain (domain 4) at the C-terminus that interacts with the active site of the other protomer as a lid in the dimer unit. Interestingly, the interface of domain 4 and the active site forms a hydrophobic cavity probably for recognizing the hydrophobic aglycone moiety of substrate. The short flexible loop region of TIM barrel was found to be approaching the interface of domain 4 and the active site. We found that n-heptyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside detergent acts as an inhibitor for PSTG1. Thus, we propose that the recognition of hydrophobic aglycone moiety is important for PSTG1-catalyzed reactions. Domain 4 might be a potential target for elucidating the aglycone recognition mechanism of PSTG1 as well as for engineering PSTG1 to create a further excellent enzyme to degrade STG more efficiently to produce sesaminol.
Collapse
Key Words
- glycoside hydrolase family 3
- sesaminol triglucoside
- β-glucosidase.Abbreviations: STG, sesaminol triglucoside; PSTG1, STG-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus sp; GH3, Glycoside Hydrolase Family 3; TIM, Triosephosphate isomerase, Fn-III, Fibronectin type III; 2-SDG, 2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylsesaminol; 6-SDG, 6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylsesaminol; SMG, β-D-glucopyranosylsesaminol; HTG, n-Heptyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside; OTG, n-Octyl-β-D-glucoside; pNP-β-Glc, p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yanai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukino Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eri Katsumura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakai
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeshita
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Riki Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hongo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Waki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kunishige Kataoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Okereke OE, Gupta M, Ogunyewo OA, Sharma K, Kapoor S, Sinha T, Yazdani SS. Profiling of the β-glucosidases identified in the genome of Penicillium funiculosum: insights from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and homology-modeling studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0070423. [PMID: 37610233 PMCID: PMC10537656 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol depends on efficient enzyme systems with β-glucosidase as one of the key components. In this study, we performed in-depth profiling of the various β-glucosidases present in the genome of the hypercellulolytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Of the eight β-glucosidase genes identified in the P. funiculosum genome, three were predicted to be extracellular based on signal peptide prediction and abundance in the secretome. Among the three secreted β-glucosidases, two belonged to the GH3 family and one belonged to the GH1 family. Homology models of these proteins predicted a deep and narrow active site for the GH3 β-glucosidases (PfBgl3A and PfBgl3B) and a shallow open active site for the GH1 β-glucosidase (PfBgl1A). The enzymatic assays indicated that P. funiculosum-secreted proteins showed high β-glucosidase activities with prominent bands on the 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside zymogram. To understand the contributory effects of each of the three secreted β-glucosidases (PfBgls), the corresponding gene was deleted separately, and the effect of the deletion on the β-glucosidase activity of the secretome was examined. Although not the most abundant, PfBgl3A was found to be one of the most important β-glucosidases, as evidenced by a 42% reduction in β-glucosidase activity in the ΔPfBgl3A strain. Our results advance the understanding of the genetic and biochemical nature of all β-glucosidases produced by P. funiculosum and pave the way to design a superior biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. IMPORTANCE Commercially available cellulases are primarily produced from Trichoderma reesei. However, external supplementation of the cellulase cocktail from this host with exogenous β-glucosidase is often required to achieve the desired optimal saccharification of cellulosic feedstocks. This challenge has led to the exploration of other cellulase-producing strains. The nonmodel hypercellulolytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum has been studied in recent times and identified as a promising source of industrial cellulases mainly due to its ability to produce a balanced concoction of cellulolytic enzymes, including β-glucosidases. Various genetic interventions targeted at strain improvement for cellulase production have been performed; however, the β-glucosidases of this strain have remained largely understudied. This study, therefore, reports profiling of all eight β-glucosidases of P. funiculosum via molecular and computational approaches. The results of this study provide useful insights that will establish the background for future engineering strategies to transform this fungus into an industrial workhorse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omoaruemike Ebele Okereke
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Olusola A. Ogunyewo
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Kapoor
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Sinha
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shams Yazdani
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Asiri M, Srivastava N, Singh R, Al Ali A, Tripathi SC, Alqahtani A, Saeed M, Srivastava M, Rai AK, Gupta VK. Rice straw derived graphene-silica based nanocomposite and its application in improved co-fermentative microbial enzyme production and functional stability. Sci Total Environ 2023; 876:162765. [PMID: 36906037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases are the one of the most highly demanded industrial biocatalysts due to their versatile applications, such as in the biorefinery industry. However, relatively poor efficiency and high production costs are included as the key industrial constraints that hinder enzyme production and utilization at economic scale. Furthermore, the production and functional efficiency of the β-glucosidase (BGL) enzyme is usually found to be relatively low among the cellulase cocktail produced. Thus, the current study focuses on fungi-mediated improvement of BGL enzyme in the presence of a rice straw-derived graphene-silica-based nanocomposite (GSNCs), which has been characterized using various techniques to analyze its physicochemical properties. Under optimized conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), co-fermentation using co-cultured cellulolytic enzyme has been done, and maximum enzyme production of 42 IU/gds FP, 142 IU/gds BGL, and 103 IU/gds EG have been achieved at a 5 mg concentration of GSNCs. Moreover, at a 2.5 mg concentration of nanocatalyst, the BGL enzyme showed its thermal stability at 60°C and 70 °C by holding its half-life relative activity for 7 h, while the same enzyme demonstrated pH stability at pH 8.0 and 9.0 for the 10 h. This thermoalkali BGL enzyme might be useful for the long-term bioconversion of cellulosic biomass into sugar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Al Nakhil, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhash C Tripathi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; LCB Fertilizer Pvt. Ltd., Shyam Vihar Phase 2, Rani Sati Mandir Road, Lachchhipur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273015, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tao X, Morgan JS, Liu J, Kempher ML, Xu T, Zhou J. Target integration of an exogenous β-glucosidase enhances cellulose degradation and ethanol production in Clostridium cellulolyticum. Bioresour Technol 2023; 376:128849. [PMID: 36898565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bacteria Clostridium cellulolyticum is a promising candidate for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). However, genetic engineering is necessary to improve this organism's cellulose degradation and bioconversion efficiencies to meet standard industrial requirements. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9n was used to integrate an efficient β-glucosidase into the genome of C. cellulolyticum, disrupting lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) expression and reducing lactate production. The engineered strain showed a 7.4-fold increase in β-glucosidase activity, a 70% decrease in ldh expression, a 12% increase in cellulose degradation, and a 32% increase in ethanol production compared to wild type. Additionally, ldh was identified as a potential site for heterologous expression. These results demonstrate that simultaneous β-glucosidase integration and lactate dehydrogenase disruption is an effective strategy for increasing cellulose to ethanol bioconversion rates in C. cellulolyticum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Josiah S Morgan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jiantao Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li S, Cao L, Yang X, Wu X, Xu S, Liu Y. Simultaneously optimizing multiple properties of β-glucosidase Bgl6 using combined (semi-)rational design strategies and investigation of the underlying mechanisms. Bioresour Technol 2023; 374:128792. [PMID: 36842511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The performance of β-glucosidase during cellulose saccharification is determined by thermostability, activity and glucose tolerance. However, conflicts between them make it challenging to simultaneously optimize three properties. In this work, such a case was reported using Bgl6-M3 as a starting point. Firstly, four thermostability-enhancing mutations were obtained using computer-aided engineering strategies (mutant M7). Secondly, substrate binding pocket of M7 was reshaped, generating two mutations that increased activity but decreased glucose tolerance (mutant M9). Then a key region lining active site cavity was redesigned, resulting in three mutations that boosted glucose tolerance and activity. Finally, mutant M12 with simultaneously improved thermostability (half-life of 20-fold), activity (kcat/Km of 5.6-fold) and glucose tolerance (ΔIC50 of 200 mM) was obtained. Mechanisms for property improvement were elucidated by structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, the strategies used here and new insights into the underlying mechanisms may provide guidance for multi-property engineering of other enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuifeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Lichuang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiangpeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou HY, Chen Q, Zhang YF, Chen DD, Yi XN, Chen DS, Cheng XP, Li M, Wang HY, Chen KQ, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Improving the catalytic activity of β-glucosidase from Coniophora puteana via semi-rational design for efficient biomass cellulose degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110188. [PMID: 36584665 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the degradation activity of β-glucosidase (CpBgl) from Coniophora puteana, the structural modification was conducted. The enzyme activity of mutants CpBgl-Q20C and CpBgl-A240S was increased by 65.75% and 58.58%, respectively. These mutants exhibited maximum activity under the same conditions as wild-type CpBgl (65 ℃ and pH 5.0), slightly improved stabilities compared that of the wild-type, and remarkably enhanced activities in the presence of Mn2+ or Fe2+. The Vmax of CpBgl-Q20C and CpBgl-A240S was increased to 138.18 and 125.14 μmol/mg/min, respectively, from 81.34 μmol/mg/min of the wild-type, and the catalysis efficiency (kcat/Km) of CpBgl-Q20C (335.79 min-1/mM) and CpBgl-A240S (281.51 min-1/mM) was significantly improved compared with that of the wild-type (149.12 min-1/mM). When the mutant CpBgl-Q20C were used in the practical degradation of different biomasses, the glucose yields of filter paper, corncob residue, and fungi mycelia residue were increased by 17.68%, 25.10%, and 20.37%, respectively. The spatial locations of the mutation residues in the architecture of CpBgl and their unique roles in the enzyme-substrate binding and catalytic efficiency were probed in this work. These results laid a foundation for evolution of other glycoside hydrolases and the industrial bio-degradation of cellulosic biomass in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou-Dou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Shui Chen
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ping Cheng
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Qian Chen
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pota G, Gallucci N, Cavasso D, Krauss IR, Vitiello G, López-Gallego F, Costantini A, Paduano L, Califano V. Controlling the Adsorption of β-Glucosidase onto Wrinkled SiO 2 Nanoparticles To Boost the Yield of Immobilization of an Efficient Biocatalyst. Langmuir 2023; 39:1482-1494. [PMID: 36651862 PMCID: PMC9893809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase (BG) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose, a substrate for fermentation to produce the carbon-neutral fuel bioethanol. Enzyme thermal stability and reusability can be improved through immobilization onto insoluble supports. Moreover, nanoscaled matrixes allow for preserving high reaction rates. In this work, BG was physically immobilized onto wrinkled SiO2 nanoparticles (WSNs). The adsorption procedure was tuned by varying the BG:WSNs weight ratio to achieve the maximum controllability and maximize the yield of immobilization, while different times of immobilization were monitored. Results show that a BG:WSNs ratio equal to 1:6 wt/wt provides for the highest colloidal stability, whereas an immobilization time of 24 h results in the highest enzyme loading (135 mg/g of support) corresponding to 80% yield of immobilization. An enzyme corona is formed in 2 h, which gradually disappears as the protein diffuses within the pores. The adsorption into the silica structure causes little change in the protein secondary structure. Furthermore, supported enzyme exhibits a remarkable gain in thermal stability, retaining complete folding up to 90 °C. Catalytic tests assessed that immobilized BG achieves 100% cellobiose conversion. The improved adsorption protocol provides simultaneously high glucose production, enhanced yield of immobilization, and good reusability, resulting in considerable reduction of enzyme waste in the immobilization stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pota
- University
of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical,
Materials and Production Engineering, 80125Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Gallucci
- University
of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical
Sciences, 80125Naples, Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, 50019Sesto Fiorentino(FI), Italy
| | - Domenico Cavasso
- University
of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical
Sciences, 80125Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- University
of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical
Sciences, 80125Naples, Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, 50019Sesto Fiorentino(FI), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- University
of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical,
Materials and Production Engineering, 80125Naples, Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, 50019Sesto Fiorentino(FI), Italy
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 948009Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aniello Costantini
- University
of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical,
Materials and Production Engineering, 80125Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- University
of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical
Sciences, 80125Naples, Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, 50019Sesto Fiorentino(FI), Italy
| | - Valeria Califano
- Institute
of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Viale Marconi 4, 80125Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu X, Zhang W, You C, Fan C, Ji W, Park JT, Kwak J, Chen H, Zhang YHPJ, Ma Y. Biosynthesis of artificial starch and microbial protein from agricultural residue. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:214-223. [PMID: 36641289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing populations and climate change pose great challenges to food security. Humankind is confronting a serious question: how will we feed the world in the near future? This study presents an out-of-the-box solution involving the highly efficient biosynthesis of artificial starch and microbial proteins from available and abundant agricultural residue as new feed and food sources. A one-pot biotransformation using an in vitro coenzyme-free synthetic enzymatic pathway and baker's yeast can simultaneously convert dilute sulfuric acid-pretreated corn stover to artificial starch and microbial protein under aerobic conditions. The β-glucosidase-free commercial cellulase mixture plus an ex vivo two-enzyme complex containing cellobiose phosphorylase and potato α-glucan phosphorylase displayed on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showed better cellulose hydrolysis rates than a commercial β-glucosidase-rich cellulase mixture. This is because the channeling of the hydrolytic product from the solid cellulosic feedstock to the yeast mitigated the inhibition of the cellulase cocktail. Animal tests have shown that the digestion of artificial amylose results in slow and relatively small changes in blood sugar levels, suggesting that it could be a new health food component that prevents obesity and diabetes. A combination of the utilization of available agricultural residue and the biosynthesis of starch and microbial protein from non-food biomass could address the looming food crisis in the food-energy-water nexus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chun You
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wangli Ji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongge Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yi-Heng P Job Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Han Y, Liu W, Chang N, Sun L, Bello A, Deng L, Zhao L, Egbeagu UU, Wang B, Zhao Y, Zhao M, Bi R, Jong C, Xu X, Sun Y. Exploration of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms community structure and key communities driving cellulose degradation during composting of pure corn straw by multi-interaction analysis. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116694. [PMID: 36343400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poor management of crop residues leads to environmental pollution and composting is a sustainable practice for addressing the challenge. However, knowledge about composting with pure crop straw is still limited, which is a novel and feasible composting strategy. In this study, pure corn straw was in-situ composted for better management. Community structure of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms during composting was deciphered using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the compost was mature with organic matter content of 37.83% and pH value of 7.36 and pure corn straw could be composted successfully. Cooling phase was major period for cellulose degradation with the highest β-glucosidase activity (476.25 μmol·p-Nitr/kg·dw·min) and microbial diversity (Shannon index, 3.63; Chao1 index, 500.81). Significant compositional succession was observed in the functional communities during composting with Streptomyces (14.32%), Trichoderma (13.85%) and Agromyces (11.68%) as dominant genera. β-Glucosidase-producing bacteria and fungi worked synergistically as a network to degrade cellulose with Streptomyces (0.3045**) as the key community revealed by multi-interaction analysis. Organic matter (-0.415***) and temperature (-0.327***) were key environmental parameters regulating cellulose degradation via influencing β-glucosidase-producing communities, and β-glucosidase played a key role in mediating this process. The above results indicated that responses of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms to cellulose degradation were reflected at both network and individual levels and multi-interaction analysis could better explain the relationship between variables concerning composting cellulose degradation. The work is of significance for understanding cellulose degradation microbial communities and process during composting of pure corn straw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Nuo Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ayodeji Bello
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liting Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ugochi Uzoamaka Egbeagu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruixin Bi
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chol Jong
- College of Agriculture, Haeju Kim JeWon University of Agriculture, Haeju, 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang F, Li Y, Xiong Q, Chai J, Jiang S. β-glucosidase, driven by porcine transthyretin promoter, specific expression in the liver of transgenic mice. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13890. [PMID: 38087778 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Under the background of food security, using non-grain feed instead of corn-soybean-based feed is an effective measure to alleviate the food-feed competition. While, non-grain feeds are often rich in fiber, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. Producing heterologous enzymes in non-ruminants to improve cellulose utilization rate is a new research strategy by transgenic technology. In this study, porcine transthyretin (TTR) promoter, signal peptide-coding sequence (CDS), Saccharomycopsis fibuligera β-glucosidase gene (BGL1)-CDS, 6×His sequences fragments were fused into pGL3-control vector to generate transgenic vector. Then, transgenic mice were generated by pronuclear microinjection of the linearized expression vectors. Transgenic mice and their offspring were examined by PCR-based genotyping and copy number variation. Results showed that BGL1 was successfully integrated into the mouse genome and transmitted stably. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and β-glucosidase activity assay demonstrated that BGL1 was specifically expressed in the liver, and β-glucosidase activity significantly increased. In addition, liver weight index, cellular morphology, and collagen fiber content of the liver showed that exogenous gene insertion did not cause any lesions to live. Taken together, our findings suggest that β-glucosidase driven by TTR promoter was specifically expressed in the liver of transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal Products Quality & Safety Center (Shandong Provincial Livestock & Poultry Slaughtering Technology Center), Jinan, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang C, Bilyera N, Blagodatskaya E, Zhang X, Dippold MA, Dorodnikov M. Keep oxygen in check: An improved in-situ zymography approach for mapping anoxic hydrolytic enzyme activities in a paddy soil. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:158118. [PMID: 35987234 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paddy soils regularly experience redox oscillations during the wetting and draining stages, yet the effects of short-term presence of oxygen (O2) on in-situ microbial hotspots and enzyme activities in anoxic ecosystems remain unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we applied soil zymography to localize hotspots and activities of phosphomonoesterase (PME), β-glucosidase (BG), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in three compartments of rice-planted rhizoboxes (top bulk, rooted, and bottom bulk paddy soil) under oxic (+O2) and anoxic (O2) conditions. Short-term (35 min) aeration decreased PME activity by 13-49 %, BG by 4-52 %, and LAP by 12-61 % as compared with O2 in three soil compartments. The percentage of hotspot area was higher by 3-110 % for PME, by 10-60 % for BG, and by 12-158 % for LAP under +O2 vs. O2 conditions depending on a rice growth stage. Irrespective of the aeration conditions, the rhizosphere extent of rice plants for three enzymes was generally greater under higher moisture conditions and at earlier growth stage. Higher O2 sensitivity for the tested enzymes at bottom bulk soil versus other compartments suggested that short-term aeration during conventional zymography may lead to underestimation of nutrient mobilization in subsoil compared to top bulk soil. The intolerance of anaerobic microorganisms against the toxicity of O2 in the cells and the shift of microbial metabolic pathways may explain such a short-term suppression by O2. Our findings, therefore, show that anoxic conditions and soil moisture should be kept during zymography and probably other in-situ soil imaging methods when studying anoxic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Nataliya Bilyera
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Xuechen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maxim Dorodnikov
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiao R, Pang Y, Yang D, Li Z, Lou H. Boosting Hydrolysis of Cellulose at High Temperature by β-Glucosidase Induced Metal-Organic Framework In-Situ Co-Precipitation Encapsulation. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202201354. [PMID: 35934832 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the poor enzyme thermal stability, the efficient conversion of high crystallinity cellulose into glucose in aqueous phase over 50 °C is challenging. Herein, an enzyme-induced MOFs encapsulation of β-glucosidase (β-G) strategy was proposed for the first time. By using various methods, including SEM, XRD, XPS, NMR, FTIR and BET, the successful preparation of a porous channel-type flower-like enzyme complex (β-G@MOFs) was confirmed. The prepared enzyme complex (β-G@MOFs) materials showed improved thermal stability (from 50 °C to 100 °C in the aqueous phase) and excellent resistance to ionic liquids (the reaction temperature was as high as 110 °C) compared to the free enzyme (β-G). Not only the catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose by single enzyme (β-G) in ionic liquid was realized, but also the high-temperature continuous reaction performance of the enzyme was significantly improved. Benefiting from the significantly improved heat resistance, the β-G@MOFs exhibited 32.1 times and 34.2 times higher enzymatic hydrolysis rate compared to β-G for cellobiose and cellulose substrates, respectively. Besides, the catalytic activity of β-G@MOFs was retained up to 86 % after five cycles at 110 °C. This was remarkable because the fixation of the enzyme by the MOFs ensured that the folded structure of the enzyme would not expand at high temperatures, allowing the native conformation of the encapsulated protein well-maintained. Furthermore, we believe that this structural stability was caused by the confinement of flower-like porous MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hongming Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gan L, Chen M, Zhang J, Fan J, Yan X. A Novel Beta-Glucosidase Gene for Plant Type Was Identified by Genome-Wide Association Study and Gene Co-Expression Analysis in Widespread Bermudagrass. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911432. [PMID: 36232734 PMCID: PMC9570203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is one of the most widely distributed warm-season grasses globally. The growth habits and plant type of bermudagrass are strongly associated with the applied purpose of the landscape, livestock, and eco-remediation. Therefore, persistent efforts are made to investigate the genetic basis of plant type and growth habits of bermudagrass. Here, we dissect the genetic diversity of 91 wild bermudagrass resources by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) combined with weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA). This work is based on the RNA-seq data and the genome of African bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy). Sixteen reliable single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transcribed regions were identified to be associated with the plant height and IAA content in diverse bermudagrass by GWAS. The integration of the results from WGCNA indicates that beta-glucosidase 31 (CdBGLU31) is a candidate gene underlying a G/A SNP signal. Furthermore, both qRT-PCR and correlation coefficient analyses indicate that CdBGLU31 might play a comprehensive role in plant height and IAA biosynthesis and signal. In addition, we observe lower plant height in Arabidopsis bglu11 mutants (homologs of CdBGLU31). It uncovers the breeding selection history of different plant types from diverse bermudagrass and provides new insights into the molecular function of CdBGLU31 both in plant types and in IAA biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Minghui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bueno TV, Fontes PP, Abe VY, Utiyama AS, Senra RL, Oliveira LS, Brombini Dos Santos A, Ferreira EGC, Darben LM, de Oliveira AB, Abdelnoor RV, Whitham SA, Fietto LG, Marcelino-Guimarães FC. A Phakopsora pachyrhizi Effector Suppresses PAMP-Triggered Immunity and Interacts with a Soybean Glucan Endo-1,3-β-Glucosidase to Promote Virulence. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2022; 35:779-790. [PMID: 35617509 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-21-0301-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important diseases affecting soybean production in tropical areas. During infection, P. pachyrhizi secretes proteins from haustoria that are transferred into plant cells to promote virulence. To date, only one candidate P. pachyrhizi effector protein has been characterized in detail to understand the mechanism by which it suppresses plant defenses to enhance infection. Here, we aimed to extend understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of P. pachyrhizi based on the discovery of host proteins that interact with the effector candidate Phapa-7431740. We demonstrated that Phapa-7431740 suppresses pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and that it interacts with a soybean glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase (GmβGLU), a pathogenesis-related (PR) protein belonging to the PR-2 family. Structural and phylogenetic characterization of the PR-2 protein family predicted in the soybean genome and comparison to PR-2 family members in Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton, demonstrated that GmβGLU is a type IV β-1,3-glucanase. Transcriptional profiling during an infection time course showed that the GmβGLU mRNA is highly induced during the initial hours after infection, coinciding with peak of expression of Phapa-7431740. The effector was able to interfere with the activity of GmβGLU in vitro, with a dose-dependent inhibition. Our results suggest that Phapa-7431740 may suppress PTI by interfering with glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase activity. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thays V Bueno
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P Fontes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Valeria Y Abe
- Embrapa soja, Plant Biotechnology, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Alice Satiko Utiyama
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Renato L Senra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Liliane S Oliveira
- Embrapa soja, Plant Biotechnology, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 70770-901, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Cornélio Procópio, Paraná 86300-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven A Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Luciano G Fietto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang J, Wang C, Guo Q, Deng W, Du G, Li R. Isolation of the Thermostable β-Glucosidase-Secreting Strain Bacillus altitudinis JYY-02 and Its Application in the Production of Gardenia Blue. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0153522. [PMID: 35863007 PMCID: PMC9431551 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01535-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardenia blue (GB) is a natural blue pigment widely used in textiles and the pharmaceutical industry. The geniposide in gardenia fruits can be hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase to form genipin, which reacts with amino acids to produce GB. In this study, a bacterial strain which secreted thermostable β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus altitudinis JYY-02. This strain could potentially be used for GB production from geniposide by fermentation. Optimal fermentation results were achieved at pH 6.5 or 8.0 at 45°C for 45 h with additional sucrose. To obtain a large amount of β-glucosidase, the whole genome of B. altitudinis JYY-02 was sequenced and annotated; it is 3,727,518 bp long and contains 3,832 genes. The gene encoding β-glucosidase (bgl) in B. altitudinis JYY-02 was screened from the genome and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant β-glucosidase was purified by affinity chromatography on a Ni Sepharose 6 fast flow (FF) column. The optimal temperature, pH, and Km values for the recombinant β-glucosidase were 60°C, pH 5.6, and 0.331 mM, respectively, when p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was used as the substrate. The recombinant β-glucosidase catalyzed the deglycosylation reaction of geniposide, which was then used to produce GB. IMPORTANCE β-Glucosidases are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing β-glucosidic linkages present in saccharides and glycosides and have many agricultural and industrial applications. Although they are found in all domains of living organisms, commercial β-glucosidases are still expensive, limiting their application in industry. In the present study, a thermostable β-glucosidase-producing strain was obtained for GB production by fermentation, engineered bacteria were constructed for preparing recombinant β-glucosidase, and a one-step method to purify the recombinant enzyme was established. A large amount of purified β-glucosidase was easily obtained from the engineered bacteria for industrial applications such as GB production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Qunqun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Guicai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ronggui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bockwoldt JA, Ehrmann MA. Characterisation of recombinant GH 3 β-glucosidase from β-glucan producing Levilactobacillus brevis TMW 1.2112. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:955-968. [PMID: 35661053 PMCID: PMC9296380 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Levilactobacillus (L.) brevis TMW 1.2112 is an isolate from wheat beer that produces O2-substituted (1,3)-β-D-glucan, a capsular exopolysaccharide (EPS) from activated sugar nucleotide precursors by use of a glycosyltransferase. Within the genome sequence of L. brevis TMW 1.2112 enzymes of the glycoside hydrolases families were identified. Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are carbohydrate-active enzymes, able to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds. The enzyme β-glucosidase BglB (AZI09_02170) was heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. BglB has a monomeric structure of 83.5 kDa and is a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH 3) which strongly favoured substrates with β-glycosidic bonds. Km was 0.22 mM for pNP β-D-glucopyranoside demonstrating a high affinity of the recombinant enzyme for the substrate. Enzymes able to degrade the (1,3)-β-D-glucan of L. brevis TMW 1.2112 have not yet been described. However, BglB showed only a low hydrolytic activity towards the EPS, which was measured by means of the D-glucose releases. Besides, characterised GH 3 β-glucosidases from various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were phylogenetically analysed to identify connections in terms of enzymatic activity and β-glucan formation. This revealed that the family of GH 3 β-glucosidases of LABs comprises most likely exo-active enzymes which are not directly associated with the ability of these LAB to produce EPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Bockwoldt
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias A Ehrmann
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gu J, Wang D, Wang Q, Liu W, Chen X, Li X, Yang F. Novel β-Glucosidase Mibgl3 from Microbacterium sp. XT11 with Oligoxanthan-Hydrolyzing Activity. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:8713-8724. [PMID: 35793414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic pathway of xanthan depolymerization has been predicted previously; however, the β-glucosidase and unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase in this system have not been cloned and characterized. This lack of knowledge hinders rational modification of xanthan and exploration of new applications. In this work, we report on the properties of Mibgl3, a xanthan-degrading enzyme isolated from Microbacterium sp. XT11. Mibgl3 exhibits typical structural features of the GH3 family but shares low sequence identity with reported GH3 enzymes. The activity of Mibgl3 can be inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and glucose. Unlike most β-glucosidases, Mibgl3 can tolerate a wide pH range and is activated by high concentrations of NaCl. This improves the commercial value of Mibgl3. In particular, Mibgl3 exhibits higher substrate specificity toward oligoxanthan than other β-glucosidases. Ion chromatography, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and GC-MS results showed that Mibgl3 could effectively hydrolyze oligoxanthan to release glucose and glucuronate. Therefore, Mibgl3 might play an important role in xanthan depolymerization by functioning as hydrolase of both the xanthan backbone and sidechains. This knowledge of the enzymatic properties and hydrolysis mechanism of a β-glucosidase will be beneficial for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Gu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhen Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
He Y, Wang C, Jiao R, Ni Q, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Xu G. Biochemical characterization of a novel glucose-tolerant GH3 β-glucosidase (Bgl1973) from Leifsonia sp. ZF2019. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5063-5079. [PMID: 35833950 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucosidase (Bgl) is an enzyme with considerable food, beverage, and biofuel processing potential. However, as many Bgls are inhibited by their reaction end product glucose, their industrial applications are greatly limited. In this study, a novel Bgl gene (Bgl1973) was cloned from Leifsonia sp. ZF2019 and heterologously expressed in E. coli. Sequence analysis and structure modeling revealed that Bgl1973 was 748 aa, giving it a molecular weight of 78 kDa, and it showed high similarity with the glycoside hydrolase 3 (GH3) family Bgls with which its active site residues were conserved. By using pNPGlc (p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) as substrate, the optimum temperature and pH of Bgl1973 were shown to be 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. Bgl1973 was insensitive to most metal ions (12.5 mM), 1% urea, and even 0.1% Tween-80. This enzyme maintained 60% of its original activity in the presence of 20% NaCl, demonstrating its excellent salt tolerance. Furthermore, it still had 83% residual activity in 1 M of glucose, displaying its outstanding glucose tolerance. The Km, Vmax, and kcat of Bgl1973 were 0.22 mM, 44.44 μmol/min mg, and 57.78 s-1, respectively. Bgl1973 had a high specific activity for pNPGlc (19.10 ± 0.59 U/mg) and salicin (20.43 ± 0.92 U/mg). Furthermore, molecular docking indicated that the glucose binding location and the narrow and deep active channel geometry might contribute to the glucose tolerance of Bgl1973. Our results lay a foundation for the studying of this glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase and its applications in many industrial settings. KEY POINTS: • A novel β-glucosidase from GH3 was obtained from Leifsonia sp. ZF2019. • Bgl1973 demonstrated excellent glucose tolerance. • The glucose tolerance of Bgl1973 was explained using molecular docking analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ronghu Jiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qinxue Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qianxin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Youzuo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Guangzhi Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang W, Zheng W, Han J, Wu J, Li Y, Mao Y, Wang L, Wang Y. One-step immobilization of β-glucosidase in crude enzyme solution by recyclable UCST-responsive polymer with enhanced uniformly biocatalytic performance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112694. [PMID: 35841802 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-responsive polymers poly (ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether-block-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (PEG-b-p(AAM-co-AN) were synthesized and successfully utilized to immobilize β-glucosidase in crude enzyme solution. These UCST-responsive β-glucosidase biocatalysts (PEG-b-p(AAM-co-AN@LytA-Glu) have specific UCST with tunable transition temperature, which could be tuned the separation temperature to the desired temperature range. The P2 @ LytA-Glu with an UCST of about 42.9 ℃ was exploited by one-step covalent immobilization of β-glucosidase in crude enzyme solution. The prepared P2 @ LytA-Glu exhibited significantly improved temperature, pH, storage, and operation stabilities compared with that of free enzyme. The catalytic rate of P2 @ Glu-LytA was 14.5% higher than that of P2-Glu (immobilized pure β-glucosidase), which indicated that one-step immobilization of crude enzyme directly from crude enzyme solution was feasible, and it can greatly save the purification step and reduce the experimental cost. The engineered UCST-responsive immobilized enzymes are potentially useful for the practical green biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juan Han
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jiacong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanli Mao
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province 467036, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Su H, Xiao Z, Yu K, Zhang Q, Lu C, Wang G, Wang Y, Liang J, Huang W, Huang X, Wei F. Use of a purified β-glucosidase from coral-associated microorganisms to enhance wine aroma. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:3467-3474. [PMID: 34841541 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucosidases (3.2.1.21) play essential roles in the removal of nonreducing terminal glucosyl residues from saccharides and glycosides. However, the full potential and different applications of recombinant high-yield microbial β-glucosidase-producing systems remain to be tackled. RESULTS A β-glucosidase gene designated as Mg132 was isolated from a coral microorganism by high-throughput sequencing and functional screening. The deduced amino acid sequences of Mg132 showed a highest identity of 97% with β-glucosidase predicted in the GenBank database. This gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for the first time. The optimal pH and temperature of purified recombinant Mg132 were 8.0 and 50 °C respectively. It exhibited a high level of stability at high concentration of glucose and ethanol, and glucose concentrations below 300 mmol L-1 distinctly stimulated p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside hydrolysis, reaching 200% at 15% ethanol. The Km and Vmax values were 0.293 mmol L-1 and 320 μmol min-1 mg-1 respectively while using p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Wine treated with Mg132 had an obvious positive catalytic specificity for glycosides, which give a pleasant flavor of temperate fruity and floral aromas. The total concentration of fermentative volatiles was 201.42 ± 10.22 μg L-1 following Mg132 treatment and 99.21 ± 7.72 μg L-1 in control samples. CONCLUSION Good tolerance of winemaking and aroma fermentative properties suggest that Mg132 has potential application in aroma enhancement in wine and warrants further study. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenlun Xiao
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunrong Lu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fen Wei
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shim SH, Mahong B, Lee SK, Kongdin M, Lee C, Kim YJ, Qu G, Zhang D, Ketudat Cairns JR, Jeon JS. Rice β-glucosidase Os12BGlu38 is required for synthesis of intine cell wall and pollen fertility. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:784-800. [PMID: 34570888 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family1 β-glucosidases play a variety of roles in plants, but their in planta functions are largely unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the biological function of Os12BGlu38, a rice β-glucosidase, expressed in bicellular to mature pollen, was examined. Genotype analysis of progeny of the self-fertilized heterozygous Os12BGlu38 T-DNA mutant, os12bglu38-1, found no homozygotes and a 1:1 ratio of wild type to heterozygotes. Reciprocal cross analysis demonstrated that Os12BGlu38 deficiency cannot be inherited through the male gamete. In cytological analysis, the mature mutant pollen appeared shrunken and empty. Histochemical staining and TEM showed that mutant pollen lacked intine cell wall, which was rescued by introduction of wild-type Os12BGlu38 genomic DNA. Metabolite profiling analysis revealed that cutin monomers and waxes, the components of the pollen exine layer, were increased in anthers carrying pollen of os12bglu38-1 compared with wild type and complemented lines. Os12BGlu38 fused with green fluorescent protein was localized to the plasma membrane in rice and tobacco. Recombinant Os12BGlu38 exhibited β-glucosidase activity on the universal substrate p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucoside and some oligosaccharides and glycosides. These findings provide evidence that function of a plasma membrane-associated β-glucosidase is necessary for proper intine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Guorun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xia W, Bai Y, Shi P. Improving the Substrate Affinity and Catalytic Efficiency of β-Glucosidase Bgl3A from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 by Rational Design. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121882. [PMID: 34944526 PMCID: PMC8699594 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase is necessary for better performance in the enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic biomass because of its ability to prevent cellobiose inhibition on cellulases. Bgl3A from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802, identified in our previous work, was considered a suitable candidate enzyme for efficient cellulose saccharification with higher catalytic efficiency on the natural substrate cellobiose compared with other β-glucosidase but showed insufficient substrate affinity. In this work, hydrophobic stacking interaction and hydrogen-bonding networks in the active center of Bgl3A were analyzed and rationally designed to strengthen substrate binding. Three vital residues, Met36, Phe66, and Glu168, which were supposed to influence substrate binding by stabilizing adjacent binding site, were chosen for mutagenesis. The results indicated that strengthening the hydrophobic interaction between stacking aromatic residue and the substrate, and stabilizing the hydrogen-bonding networks in the binding pocket could contribute to the stabilized substrate combination. Four dominant mutants, M36E, M36N, F66Y, and E168Q with significantly lower Km values and 1.4–2.3-fold catalytic efficiencies, were obtained. These findings may provide a valuable reference for the design of other β-glucosidases and even glycoside hydrolases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
García-Vico L, Sánchez R, Fernández G, Sanz C, Pérez AG. Study of the olive β-glucosidase gene family putatively involved in the synthesis of phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5409-5418. [PMID: 33647167 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrolysis of the fruit phenolic glucosides occurring during the oil extraction process is the main biochemical reaction affecting the biosynthesis and accumulation of secoiridoid compounds in virgin olive oil. An integrated approach at the molecular, biochemical, and metabolic level was used to study the olive β-glucosidase gene family in seven olive cultivars selected by their different phenolic profiles. RESULTS Eight β-glucosidase genes have been identified by in silico analysis of an olive transcriptome. Their expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in olive fruits at different ripening stages: I, green fruits, 16-19 weeks after flowering (WAF); II, yellow-green fruits, 22-25 WAF; III, turning fruits, 28-31 WAF; and IV, fully ripe fruits, 35-40 WAF. Gene expression was compared with the level of β-glucosidase activity in the fruit and with the phenolic composition of fruits and oils from different olive cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis of the encoded proteins and differences found among the β-glucosidase genes based on Gene Ontology enrichment analysis data suggests maximum involvement of two genes, OeBGLU1A and OeBGLU1B, in the phenolic composition of virgin olive oil. Positive correlation coefficients were found within each olive cultivar between OeBGLU1A and OeBGLU1B gene expression data and the phenolic content of the oil. CONCLUSION The results obtained suggest that the expression pattern of specific β-glucosidase genes may be an accurate predictor for the phenolic content of virgin olive oil that could be used in olive breeding programs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes García-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ana G Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Brzezinska MS, Dąbrowska GB. Biodegradability of Novel Polylactide and Polycaprolactone Materials with Bacteriostatic Properties Due to Embedded Birch Tar in Different Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10228. [PMID: 34638570 PMCID: PMC8508706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial biodegradation of new PLA and PCL materials containing birch tar (1-10% v/v) was investigated. Product of dry distillation of birch bark (Betula pendula Roth) was added to polymeric materials to obtain films with antimicrobial properties. The subject of the study was the course of enzymatic degradation of a biodegradable polymer with antibacterial properties. The results show that the type of the material, tar concentration, and the environment influenced the hydrolytic activity of potential biofilm degraders. In the presence of PCL films, the enzyme activities were higher (except for α-D-glucosidase) compared to PLA films. The highest concentration of birch tar (10% v/v) decreased the activity of hydrolases produced by microorganisms to the most significant extent; however, SEM analysis showed the presence of a biofilm even on plastics with the highest tar content. Based on the results of the biological oxygen demand (BOD), the new materials can be classified as biodegradable but, the biodegradation process was less efficient when compared to plastics without the addition of birch tar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mai Z, Wang L, Zeng Q. Characterization of a novel isoflavone glycoside-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from mangrove soil metagenomic library. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:61-65. [PMID: 34229124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the beneficial pharmacological properties of isoflavonoids and their related glycoconjugates, there is increasingly interest in their enzymatic conversion. In this study, a novel β-glucosidase gene isolated from metagenomic library of mangrove sediment was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombination β-glucosidase, designated as r-Bgl66, showed high catalytic activity for soy isoflavone glycosides. It converted soy isoflavone flour extract with the productivities of 0.87 mM/h for daidzein, 0.59 mM/h for genistein and 0.42 mM/h for glycitein. The kcat/Km values for daidzin, genistin and glycitin were 208.73, 222.37 and 288.07 mM-1 s-1, respectively. In addition, r-Bgl66 also exhibited the characteristic of glucose-tolerance, and the inhibition constant Ki was 471.4 mM. These properties make it a good candidate in the enzymatic hydrolysis of soy isoflavone glycosides. This study also highlights the utility of metagenomic approach in discovering novel β-glucosidase for soy isoflavone glycosides hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimao Mai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kongdin M, Mahong B, Lee SK, Shim SH, Jeon JS, Ketudat Cairns JR. Action of Multiple Rice β-Glucosidases on Abscisic Acid Glucose Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7593. [PMID: 34299210 PMCID: PMC8303963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of phytohormones with glucose is a means of modulating their activities, which can be rapidly reversed by the action of β-glucosidases. Evaluation of previously characterized recombinant rice β-glucosidases found that nearly all could hydrolyze abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE). Os4BGlu12 and Os4BGlu13, which are known to act on other phytohormones, had the highest activity. We expressed Os4BGlu12, Os4BGlu13 and other members of a highly similar rice chromosome 4 gene cluster (Os4BGlu9, Os4BGlu10 and Os4BGlu11) in transgenic Arabidopsis. Extracts of transgenic lines expressing each of the five genes had higher β-glucosidase activities on ABA-GE and gibberellin A4 glucose ester (GA4-GE). The β-glucosidase expression lines exhibited longer root and shoot lengths than control plants in response to salt and drought stress. Fusions of each of these proteins with green fluorescent protein localized near the plasma membrane and in the apoplast in tobacco leaf epithelial cells. The action of these extracellular β-glucosidases on multiple phytohormones suggests they may modulate the interactions between these phytohormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Do J, Perez G, Berhe B, Tayebi N, Sidransky E. Behavioral Phenotyping in a Murine Model of GBA1-Associated Parkinson Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136826. [PMID: 34202076 PMCID: PMC8267726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, are common genetic risk factors for Parkinson disease (PD). While the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear, patients with GBA1-associated PD often have an earlier onset and faster progression than idiopathic PD. Previously, we modeled GBA1-associated PD by crossing gba haploinsufficient mice with mice overexpressing a human mutant α-synuclein transgene (SNCAA53T), observing an earlier demise, shorter life span and faster symptom progression, although behavioral testing was not performed. To assess whether gba+/−//SNCAA53T mice exhibit a prodromal behavioral phenotype, we studied three cardinal PD features: olfactory discrimination, memory dysfunction, and motor function. The longitudinal performance of gba+/−//SNCAA53T (n = 8), SNCAA53T (n = 9), gba+/− (n = 10) and wildtype (n = 6) mice was evaluated between ages 8 and 23 months using the buried pellet test, novel object recognition test and the beam walk. Fifteen-month-old gba+/−//SNCAA53T mice showed more olfactory and motor deficits than wildtype mice. However, differences between gba+/−//SNCAA53T and SNCAA53T mice generally did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to small sample sizes. Furthermore, while gba haploinsufficiency leads to a more rapid demise, this might not result in an earlier prodromal stage, and other factors, including aging, oxidative stress and epigenetics, may contribute to the more fulminant disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nahid Tayebi
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (E.S.); Tel.: +1-301-496-0373 (N.T.); +1-301-451-0901 (E.S.)
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (E.S.); Tel.: +1-301-496-0373 (N.T.); +1-301-451-0901 (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Delgado L, Heckmann CM, Di Pisa F, Gourlay L, Paradisi F. Release of Soybean Isoflavones by Using a β-Glucosidase from Alicyclobacillus herbarius. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1223-1231. [PMID: 33237595 PMCID: PMC8048572 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases are used in the food industry to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds in complex sugars, with enzymes sourced from extremophiles better able to tolerate the process conditions. In this work, a novel β-glycosidase from the acidophilic organism Alicyclobacillus herbarius was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). AheGH1 was stable over a broad range of pH values (5-11) and temperatures (4-55 °C). The enzyme exhibited excellent tolerance to fructose and good tolerance to glucose, retaining 65 % activity in the presence of 10 % (w/v) glucose. It also tolerated organic solvents, some of which appeared to have a stimulating effect, in particular ethanol with a 1.7-fold increase in activity at 10 % (v/v). The enzyme was then applied for the cleavage of isoflavone from isoflavone glucosides in an ethanolic extract of soy flour, to produce soy isoflavones, which constitute a valuable food supplement, full conversion was achieved within 15 min at 30 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Delgado
- University of Nottingham, School of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical BiologyUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Christian M. Heckmann
- University of Nottingham, School of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical BiologyUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Flavio Di Pisa
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità di MilanoVia Celoria 2620133MilanItaly
| | - Louise Gourlay
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità di MilanoVia Celoria 2620133MilanItaly
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- University of Nottingham, School of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical BiologyUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- University of BernDepartment of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ye SQ, Zou Y, Zheng QW, Liu YL, Li RR, Lin JF, Guo LQ. TMT-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the carbohydrate-active enzymes in the fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis during storage. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1879-1891. [PMID: 32894778 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis deteriorates rapidly after harvest, causing a decline in its commercial value and a great reduction in its shelf life. According to the present research, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) may cause the softening, liquefaction and autolysis of mature mushrooms after harvest. To further understand the in vivo molecular mechanism of CAZymes affecting the postharvest quality of P. tuoliensis fruiting bodies, a tandem mass tags labelling combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TMT-MS/MS) proteomic analysis was performed on P. tuoliensis fruiting bodies during storage at 25 °C. RESULTS A total of 4737 proteins were identified, which had at least one unique peptide and had a confidence level above 95%. Consequently, 1307 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were recruited using the criteria of abundance fold change (FC) >1.5 or < 0.67 and P < 0.05. The identified proteins were annotated by dbCAN2, a meta server for automated CAZymes annotation. Subsequently, 222 CAZymes were obtained. Several CAZymes participating in the cell wall degradation process, including β-glucosidase, glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase and chitinases, were significantly upregulated during storage. The protein expression level of CAZymes, such as xylanase, amylase and glucoamylase, were upregulated significantly, which may participate in the P. tuoliensis polysaccharide degradation. CONCLUSIONS The identified CAZymes degraded the polysaccharides and lignin, destroying the cell wall structure, preventing cell wall remodeling, causing a loss of nutrients and the browning phenomenon, accelerating the deterioration of P. tuoliensis fruiting body. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qiang Ye
- College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ying-Li Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rui-Rong Li
- College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Su H, Xiao Z, Yu K, Zhang Q, Lu C, Wang G, Wang Y, Liang J, Huang W, Huang X, Wei F. High Diversity of β-Glucosidase-Producing Bacteria and Their Genes Associated with Scleractinian Corals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073523. [PMID: 33805379 PMCID: PMC8037212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is a microbial cellulose multienzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of the entire cellulose hydrolysis process, which is the rate-limiting step in bacterial carbon cycling in marine environments. Despite its importance in coral reefs, the diversity of β-glucosidase-producing bacteria, their genes, and enzymatic characteristics are poorly understood. In this study, 87 β-glucosidase-producing cultivable bacteria were screened from 6 genera of corals. The isolates were assigned to 21 genera, distributed among three groups: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. In addition, metagenomics was used to explore the genetic diversity of bacterial β-glucosidase enzymes associated with scleractinian corals, which revealed that these enzymes mainly belong to the glycosidase hydrolase family 3 (GH3). Finally, a novel recombinant β-glucosidase, referred to as Mg9373, encompassing 670 amino acids and a molecular mass of 75.2 kDa, was classified as a member of the GH3 family and successfully expressed and characterized. Mg9373 exhibited excellent tolerance to ethanol, NaCl, and glucose. Collectively, these results suggest that the diversity of β-glucosidase-producing bacteria and genes associated with scleractinian corals is high and novel, indicating great potential for applications in the food industry and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Zhenlun Xiao
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Kefu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519080, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qi Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Chunrong Lu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Wen Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Fen Wei
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.S.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (C.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.); (F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The microbial cellulase system is responsible for the generation of glucose from cellulose. Cellulases are comprised of at least three major groups of enzymes, namely endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. On the other hand, xylanases function in the degradation of hemicellulose and work synergistically with cellulases for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Here, we describe the most commonly used methods for the activity measurement of cellulases and xylanases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gonzalez-Perez D, Ratcliffe J, Tan SK, Wong MCM, Yee YP, Nyabadza N, Xu JH, Wong TS, Tee KL. Random and combinatorial mutagenesis for improved total production of secretory target protein in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5290. [PMID: 33674702 PMCID: PMC7935960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal peptides and secretory carrier proteins are commonly used to secrete heterologous recombinant protein in Gram-negative bacteria. The Escherichia coli osmotically-inducible protein Y (OsmY) is a carrier protein that secretes a target protein extracellularly, and we have previously applied it in the Bacterial Extracellular Protein Secretion System (BENNY) to accelerate directed evolution. In this study, we reported the first application of random and combinatorial mutagenesis on a carrier protein to enhance total secretory target protein production. After one round of random mutagenesis followed by combining the mutations found, OsmY(M3) (L6P, V43A, S154R, V191E) was identified as the best carrier protein. OsmY(M3) produced 3.1 ± 0.3 fold and 2.9 ± 0.8 fold more secretory Tfu0937 β-glucosidase than its wildtype counterpart in E. coli strains BL21(DE3) and C41(DE3), respectively. OsmY(M3) also produced more secretory Tfu0937 at different cultivation temperatures (37 °C, 30 °C and 25 °C) compared to the wildtype. Subcellular fractionation of the expressed protein confirmed the essential role of OsmY in protein secretion. Up to 80.8 ± 12.2% of total soluble protein was secreted after 15 h of cultivation. When fused to a red fluorescent protein or a lipase from Bacillus subtillis, OsmY(M3) also produced more secretory protein compared to the wildtype. In this study, OsmY(M3) variant improved the extracellular production of three proteins originating from diverse organisms and with diverse properties, clearly demonstrating its wide-ranging applications. The use of random and combinatorial mutagenesis on the carrier protein demonstrated in this work can also be further extended to evolve other signal peptides or carrier proteins for secretory protein production in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Stabile Research Building, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - James Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Shu Khan Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Mary Chen May Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Yi Pei Yee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Natsai Nyabadza
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuck Seng Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Kang Lan Tee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dziadas M, Junka A, Jeleń H. Human Saliva-Mediated Hydrolysis of Eugenyl-β-D-Glucoside and Fluorescein-di-β-D-Glucoside in In Vivo and In Vitro Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020172. [PMID: 33514072 PMCID: PMC7911702 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, also referred to as Citrusin C, is a natural glucoside found among others in cloves, basil and cinnamon plants. Eugenol in a form of free aglycone is used in perfumeries, flavourings, essential oils and in medicinal products. Synthetic Citrusin C was incubated with human saliva in several in vitro models together with substrate-specific enzyme and antibiotics (clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate). Citrusin C was detected using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Citrusin C was completely degraded only when incubated with substrate-specific A. niger glucosidase E.C 3.2.1.21 (control sample) and when incubated with human saliva (tested sample). The addition of antibiotics to the above-described experimental setting, stopped Citrusin C degradation, indicating microbiologic origin of hydrolysis observed. Our results demonstrate that Citrusin C is subjected to complete degradation by salivary/oral cavity microorganisms. Extrapolation of our results allows to state that in the human oral cavity, virtually all β-D-glucosides would follow this type of hydrolysis. Additionally, a new method was developed for an in vivo rapid test of glucosidase activity in the human mouth on the tongue using fluorescein-di-β-D-glucoside as substrate. The results presented in this study serve as a proof of concept for the hypothesis that microbial hydrolysis path of β-D-glucosides begins immediately in the human mouth and releases the aglycone directly into the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Dziadas
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-7381
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Henryk Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Science, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baiya S, Pengthaisong S, Kitjaruwankul S, Ketudat Cairns JR. Structural analysis of rice Os4BGlu18 monolignol β-glucosidase. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241325. [PMID: 33471829 PMCID: PMC7817009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolignol glucosides are storage forms of monolignols, which are polymerized to lignin to strengthen plant cell walls. The conversion of monolignol glucosides to monolignols is catalyzed by monolignol β-glucosidases. Rice Os4BGlu18 β-glucosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of the monolignol glucosides, coniferin, syringin, and p-coumaryl alcohol glucoside more efficiently than other natural substrates. To understand more clearly the basis for substrate specificity of a monolignol β-glucosidase, the structure of Os4BGlu18 was determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals of Os4BGlu18 and its complex with δ-gluconolactone diffracted to 1.7 and 2.1 Å resolution, respectively. Two protein molecules were found in the asymmetric unit of the P212121 space group of their isomorphous crystals. The Os4BGlu18 structure exhibited the typical (β/α)8 TIM barrel of glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1), but the four variable loops and two disulfide bonds appeared significantly different from other known structures of GH1 β-glucosidases. Molecular docking studies of the Os4BGlu18 structure with monolignol substrate ligands placed the glycone in a similar position to the δ-gluconolactone in the complex structure and revealed the interactions between protein and ligands. Molecular docking, multiple sequence alignment, and homology modeling identified amino acid residues at the aglycone-binding site involved in substrate specificity for monolignol β-glucosides. Thus, the structural basis of substrate recognition and hydrolysis by monolignol β-glucosidases was elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Baiya
- Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha Campus, Sriracha, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Salila Pengthaisong
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sunan Kitjaruwankul
- Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha Campus, Sriracha, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Aguirre A, Peiru S, Rasia R, Castelli ME, Menzella HG. Cloning and Production of Thermostable Enzymes for the Hydrolysis of Steryl Glucosides in Biodiesel. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2290:203-214. [PMID: 34009592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1323-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oil-derived biodiesels have a major quality problem due to the presence of precipitates formed by steryl glucosides, which clog filters and injectors of diesel engines. An efficient, scalable, and cost-effective method to hydrolyze steryl glucosides using thermostable enzymes has been developed. Here, methods to discover, express in recombinant microorganisms and manufacture enzymes with SGase activity, as well as methods to treat biodiesel with such enzymes, and to measure the content of steryl glucosides in biodiesel samples are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aguirre
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Salvador Peiru
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Rasia
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Hugo G Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Rosario, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|