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Zhao Y, Zhang B, Gu H, Xu T, Chen Q, Li J, Zhou P, Guan X, He L, Liang Y, Zhang K, Liu S, Shi K. A mutant GH3 family β-glucosidase from Oenococcus oeni exhibits superior adaptation to wine stresses and potential for improving wine aroma and phenolic profiles. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104458. [PMID: 38225057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into a GH3 family β-glucosidase (BGL) from the wild-type strain of Oenococcus oeni and its mutated counterpart from the acid-tolerant mutant strain. Our analysis revealed the mutant BGL's remarkable capacity to adapt to wine-related stress conditions, including heightened tolerance to low pH, elevated ethanol concentrations, and metal ions. Additionally, the mutant BGL exhibited superior hydrolytic activity towards various substrates. Through de novo modeling, we identified specific amino acid mutations responsible for its resilience to low pH and high ethanol environments. In simulated wine conditions, the mutant BGL outperformed both wild-type and commercial BGLs, efficiently releasing terpene and phenolic aglycones from glycosides in wine grapes. These findings not only expand our understanding of O. oeni BGLs but also highlight their potential in enhancing wine production. The mutant BGL's enhanced adaptation to wine stress conditions opens promising avenue for improving wine quality and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhao
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Biying Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huawei Gu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tongxin Xu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiling Chen
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- COFCO GreatWall Wine, Penglai, Shandong, China
| | | | - Xueqiang Guan
- Shandong Academy of Grape / Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanying Liang
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kekun Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kan Shi
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Mo H, Chen X, Tang M, Qu Y, Li Z, Liu W, Yang C, Chen Y, Sun J, Yang H, Du G. Expression of a thermostable glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase from a hot-spring metagenome and its promising application to produce gardenia blue. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107036. [PMID: 38141330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a thermostable glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase, BglY442, from hot-spring metagenomic data that was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The molecular mass of recombinant BglY442 was 69.9 kDa and was used in the production of gardenia blue. The recombinant BglY442 showed its maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 75 °C, maintained 50 % activity at 70 °C for 36 h, presented over 90 % activity in a broad pH range and a wide range of pH stability. Moreover, BglY442 exhibited excellent tolerance toward methanol and ethanol. The specific activity of BglY442 was 235 U/mg at pH 6.0 and 75 °C with 10 mM pNPG as substrate. BglY442 activity increased by over fourfold with 2 M glucose or xylose. Specifically, the enzyme kinetics of BglY442 seem to be non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics or atypical kinetics because the Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics were not observed with pNPG, oNPG or geniposide as substrates. Under optimum conditions, geniposide was dehydrated by BglY442 and reacted with nine amino acids respectively by the one-pot method. Only the Arg or Met derived pigments showed bright blue, and these two pigments had similar ultraviolet absorption spectra. The OD590 nm of GB was detected to be 1.06 after 24 h with the addition of Arg and 1.61 after 36 h with the addition of Met. The intermediate was elucidated and identified as ginipin. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the enzyme had a similar catalytic mechanism to the reported GH1 Bgls. BglY442 exhibited potential for gardenia blue production by the one-pot method. With outstanding thermostability and glucose tolerance, BglY442 should be considered a potential β-glucosidase in biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Mo
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Manwen Tang
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiying Yang
- Yunnan Minzu University, School of Chemistry and Environment, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Gang Du
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Yang W, Su Y, Wang R, Zhang H, Jing H, Meng J, Zhang G, Huang L, Guo L, Wang J, Gao W. Microbial production and applications of β-glucosidase-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:127915. [PMID: 37939774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase exists in all areas of living organisms, and microbial β-glucosidase has become the main source of its production because of its unique physicochemical properties and the advantages of high-yield production by fermentation. With the rise of the green circular economy, the production of enzymes through the fermentation of waste as the substrate has become a popular trend. Lignocellulosic biomass is an easily accessible and sustainable feedstock that exists in nature, and the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass requires the involvement of β-glucosidase. This review proposes ways to improve β-glucosidase yield and catalytic efficiency. Optimization of growth conditions and purification strategies of enzymes can increase enzyme yield, and enzyme immobilization, genetic engineering, protein engineering, and whole-cell catalysis provide solutions to enhance the catalytic efficiency and activity of β-glucosidase. Besides, the diversified industrial applications, challenges and prospects of β-glucosidase are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaowu Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rubing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jie Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Wang F, Wang H, Kang K, Zhang X, Fraser K, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. β-Glucosidase on clay minerals: Structure and function in the synthesis of octyl glucoside. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128386. [PMID: 38008140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is a biological macromolecule that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various glycosides and oligosaccharides. It may also be used to catalyze the synthesis of glycosides under suitable conditions. Carrier-bound β-glucosidase can enhance the enzymatic activity in the synthesis of glycosides in organic solvent solutions, although the molecular mechanism regulating activity is yet unknown. This study investigated the impact of utilizing montmorillonite (Mmt), attapulgite (Attp), and kaolinite (Kao) as carriers on the activity of β-glucosidase from Prunus dulcis (PdBg). When Attp was used as carriers, the molecular dynamic (MD) simulations found the distance between pNPG and the active site residues E183 and E387 was minimally impacted by the adsorptions, hence PdBg maintained about 81.3 ± 0.89 % of its native activity. Out of the three clay minerals, the relative activity of PdBg loaded on Mmt was the lowest because of the highest electrostatic energy. The substrate channel of PdBg on Kao is directed towards the surface, limiting the accessibility of substrates. Secondary structure and conformation studies revealed that the conformational stability of PdBg in solvent solutions was enhanced by coupling to Attp. Unlike dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tert-butanol (t-BA) did not penetrate into the active site of PdBg interfering with its binding to the substrate. The maximum yield of n-octyl-β-glucoside (OGP) synthesis catalyzed by Attp-immobilized PdBg reached 48.3 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Haohao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Kang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Keith Fraser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Almulaiky YQ, Alkabli J, El-Shishtawy RM. Sustainable Immobilization of β-Glucosidase onto Silver Ions and AgNPs-Loaded Acrylic Fabric with Enhanced Stability and Reusability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4361. [PMID: 38006085 PMCID: PMC10674166 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified polymer design has attracted significant attention for enzyme immobilization, offering promising applications. In this study, amine-terminated polymers were synthesized by incorporating functional groups into polyacrylonitrile using hexamethylenediamine. This work highlights the successful enzyme immobilization strategy using modified polymers, offering improved stability and expanded operational conditions for potential biotechnological applications. The resulting amino groups were utilized to capture silver ions, which were subsequently converted to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The obtained materials, AgNPs@TA-HMDA (acrylic textiles coated silver nanoparticles AgNPs) and Ag(I)@TA-HMDA (acrylic textiles coated with Ag ion) were employed as supports for β-glucosidase enzyme immobilization. The highest immobilization yields (IY%) were achieved with AgNPs@TA-HMDA at 92%, followed by Ag(I)@TA-HMDA at 79.8%, resulting in activity yields (AY%) of 81% and 73%, respectively. Characterization techniques such as FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, TG/DTG, DSC, and zeta potential were employed to investigate the structural composition, surface morphologies, elemental composition, thermal properties, and surface charge of the support materials. After 15 reuses, the preservation percentages decreased to 76% for AgNPs@TA-HMDA/β-Glu and 65% for Ag(I)@TA-HMDA/β-Glu. Storage stability revealed that the decrease in activity for the immobilized enzymes was smaller than the free enzyme. The optimal pH for the immobilized enzymes was broader (pH 5.5 to 6.5) compared to the free enzyme (pH 5.0), and the optimal temperature for the immobilized enzymes was 60 °C, slightly higher than the free enzyme's optimal temperature of 50 °C. The kinetic analysis showed a slight increase in Michaelis constant (Km) values for the immobilized enzymes and a decrease in maximum velocity (Vmax), turnover number (Kcat), and specificity constant (Kcat/Km) values compared to the free enzyme. Through extensive characterization, we gained valuable insights into the structural composition and properties of the modified polymer supports. This research significantly contributes to the development of efficient biotechnological processes by advancing the field of enzyme immobilization and offering valuable knowledge for its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaaser Q. Almulaiky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21921, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Alkabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reda M. El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Iradukunda Y, Kang JY, Zhao XB, Nsanzamahoro S, Fu XK, Liu J, Ding YZ, Ha W, Shi YP. A novel "Turn-on" fluorometric assays triggered reaction for β-glucosidase activity based on quercetin derived silicon nanoparticles and its potential use for cell imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341880. [PMID: 37858561 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase (β-Gluco) is an enzyme that is crucial to numerous diseases, including cancer, and in sector of industries, it is used in the manufacturing of food. Measuring its enzymatic activity is critical for biomedical studies and other activities. Herein, we have developed a novel and precise fluorescent sensing method for measuring β-Gluco activity based on the production of yellow-green fluorescent quercetin-silicon nanoparticles (Q-SiNPs) produced from quercetin (QN) as a reducing agent and 3-[2-(2-aminoethyl amino) ethylamino] propyl-trimethoxy silane (AEEA) as a silane molecule. β-Gluco hydrolyzed quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (QO-β-DG) to produce QN, which was then used to produce Q-SiNPs. Reaction parameters, including temperature, time, buffer, pH, and probe concentration, were carefully tuned in this study. Subsequently, the fluorescence intensity was performed, showing good linearity (R2 = 0.989), a broad linear dynamic range between 0.5 and 12 U L-1, and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.428 U L-1, which was proven by fluorescence measurements. Most importantly, various parameters were detected and characterized with or without β-Gluco. The designed probe was successively used to assess β-Gluco activity in human serum and moldy bread. However, the mathematical findings revealed recoveries for human serum ranging from 99.3 to 101.66% and for moldy bread from 100.11 to 102.5%. Additionally, Q-SiNPs were well suited to being incubated in vitro with L929 and SiHa living cells, and after using an Olympus microscope, imaging showed good fluorescence cell images, and their viability evinced minimal cytotoxicity of 77% for L929 and 88% for SiHa. The developed fluorescence biosensor showed promise for general use in diagnostic tests. Therefore, due to this outstanding sensing modality, we anticipate that this research can provide a novel schematic project for creating simple nanostructures with a suitable plan and a green synthetic option for enzyme activity and cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Iradukunda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jing-Yan Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Stanislas Nsanzamahoro
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao-Kang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhu Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wei Ha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Lagunes-Reyes M, Sánchez JE, Andrade-Gallegos RH, Gutiérrez-Hernández RF, Camacho-Morales RL. Biodegradation of agave Comiteco bagasse by Pleurotus spp.: a source of cellulases useful in hydrolytic treatment to produce reducing sugars. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:356. [PMID: 37814639 PMCID: PMC10560175 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the production parameters of five strains of Pleurotus spp. during their cultivation on agave Comiteco bagasse, as well as the feasibility of using cellulolytic extracts to produce reducing sugars in the same bagasse. After cultivation, the basidiome production parameters varied between 41.2 and 65.7% (biological efficiency), 0.17 and 0.30 (yield), 0.60 and 0.90% (production rate), 16.4 and 41.1% (Bioconversion) and 9.4 and 21.3 g (mean mushroom weight). At day 15 of growth, P. djamor showed the highest β-glucosidase activity (43.95 ± 4.5 IU/g); on day 33. The same strain had the highest endoglucanase activity (21.12 ± 0.5 IU/ml). Both extracts were partially purified, and the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km were estimated (20.83 µmole/ml sec and 232.01 µmole/ml for β-glucosidase and 685.01 µmole/ml sec and 1,240.34 µmole/ml for endoglucanase). In the enzymatic hydrolysis assay, the highest concentration of reducing sugars (43.13 ± 1.09 g/L; 0.21 g/g bagasse) was obtained by a mixture of the two partially purified extracts acting synergistically after 48 h and with a pH adjustment. The results suggest that the use of agave Comiteco bagasse for cultivating edible mushrooms while obtaining cellulolytic extracts is an alternative treatment for waste reduction and valorization of agro-industrial by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lagunes-Reyes
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - José E Sánchez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | | | - Rubén F. Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Tapachula, Tecnológico Nacional de México, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - Reyna L. Camacho-Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Álvaro Obregón s/n, Nueva, 21100 Mexicali, BC Mexico
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Xiao Y, Dong S, Liu YJ, You C, Feng Y, Cui Q. Key roles of β-glucosidase BglA for the catabolism of both laminaribiose and cellobiose in the lignocellulolytic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126226. [PMID: 37558019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum efficiently degrades polysaccharides into oligosaccharides. The metabolism of β-1,4-linked cello-oligosaccharides is initiated by three enzymes, i.e., the cellodextrin phosphorylase (Cdp), the cellobiose phosphorylase (Cbp), and the β-glucosidase A (BglA), in C. thermocellum. In comparison, how the oligosaccharides containing other kinds of linkage are utilized is rarely understood. In this study, we found that BglA could hydrolyze the β-1,3-disaccharide laminaribiose with much higher activity than that against the β-1,4-disaccharide cellobiose. The structural basis of the substrate specificity was analyzed by crystal structure determination and molecular docking. Genetic deletions of BglA and Cbp, respectively, and enzymatic analysis of cell extracts demonstrated that BglA is the key enzyme responsible for laminaribiose metabolism. Furthermore, the deletion of BglA can suppress the expression of Cbp and the deletion of Cbp can up-regulate the expression of BglA, indicating that BglA and Cbp have cross-regulation and BglA is also critical for cellobiose metabolism. These insights pave the way for both a fundamental understanding of metabolism and regulation in C. thermocellum and emphasize the importance of the degradation and utilization of polysaccharides containing β-1,3-linked glycosidic bonds in lignocellulose biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Toyooka K, Goto Y, Hashimoto K, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Hirai MY. Endoplasmic Reticulum Bodies in the Lateral Root Cap Are Involved in the Direct Transport of Beta-Glucosidase to Vacuoles. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:461-473. [PMID: 36617247 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) in lateral root caps (LRCs) is crucial for maintaining root cap functionality. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies play important roles in plant immunity and PCD. However, the distribution of ER bodies and their communication with vacuoles in the LRC remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of LRC cells of wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis lines using an auto-acquisition transmission electron microscope (TEM) system and high-pressure freezing. Gigapixel-scale high-resolution TEM imaging of the transverse and longitudinal sections of roots followed by three-dimensional imaging identified sausage-shaped structures budding from the ER. These were subsequently identified as ER bodies using GFPh transgenic lines expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused with an ER retention signal (HDEL). Immunogold labeling using an anti-GFP antibody detected GFP signals in the ER bodies and vacuoles. The fusion of ER bodies with vacuoles in LRC cells was identified using correlative light and electron microscopy. Imaging of the root tips of a GFPh transgenic line with a PYK10 promoter revealed the localization of PYK10, a member of the β-glucosidase family with an ER retention signal, in the ER bodies in the inner layer along with a fusion of ER bodies with vacuoles in the middle layer and collapse of vacuoles in the outer layer of the LRC. These findings suggest that ER bodies in LRC directly transport β-glucosidases to the vacuoles, and that a subsequent vacuolar collapse triggered by an unknown mechanism releases protective substances to the growing root tip to protect it from the invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yumi Goto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kei Hashimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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10
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Matsuda H, Yamazaki Y, Moriyoshi E, Nakayasu M, Yamazaki S, Aoki Y, Takase H, Okazaki S, Nagano AJ, Kaga A, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Apoplast-Localized β-Glucosidase Elevates Isoflavone Accumulation in the Soybean Rhizosphere. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:486-500. [PMID: 36718526 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) are often stored as glycosides within cells and released from the roots with some chemical modifications. While isoflavones are known to function as symbiotic signals with rhizobia and to modulate the soybean rhizosphere microbiome, the underlying mechanisms of root-to-soil delivery are poorly understood. In addition to transporter-mediated secretion, the hydrolysis of isoflavone glycosides in the apoplast by an isoflavone conjugate-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase (ICHG) has been proposed but not yet verified. To clarify the role of ICHG in isoflavone supply to the rhizosphere, we have isolated two independent mutants defective in ICHG activity from a soybean high-density mutant library. In the root apoplastic fraction of ichg mutants, the isoflavone glycoside contents were significantly increased, while isoflavone aglycone contents were decreased, indicating that ICHG hydrolyzes isoflavone glycosides into aglycones in the root apoplast. When grown in a field, the lack of ICHG activity considerably reduced isoflavone aglycone contents in roots and the rhizosphere soil, although the transcriptomes showed no distinct differences between the ichg mutants and wild-types (WTs). Despite the change in isoflavone contents and composition of the root and rhizosphere of the mutants, root and rhizosphere bacterial communities were not distinctive from those of the WTs. Root bacterial communities and nodulation capacities of the ichg mutants did not differ from the WTs under nitrogen-deficient conditions either. Taken together, these results indicate that ICHG elevates the accumulation of isoflavones in the soybean rhizosphere but is not essential for isoflavone-mediated plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Matsuda
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yumi Yamazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Eiko Moriyoshi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamazaki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3-09, Aramaki-aza Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
| | - Hisabumi Takase
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Sogabecho Nanjo Otani 1-1, Kameoka, 621-8555 Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, 183-8509 Japan
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Seta Oe-cho Yokotani 1-5, Otsu, 520-2194 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nipponkoku 403-1, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, 997-0017 Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, 305-8518 Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
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11
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Tao X, Morgan JS, Liu J, Kempher ML, Xu T, Zhou J. Target integration of an exogenous β-glucosidase enhances cellulose degradation and ethanol production in Clostridium cellulolyticum. Bioresour Technol 2023; 376:128849. [PMID: 36898565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bacteria Clostridium cellulolyticum is a promising candidate for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). However, genetic engineering is necessary to improve this organism's cellulose degradation and bioconversion efficiencies to meet standard industrial requirements. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9n was used to integrate an efficient β-glucosidase into the genome of C. cellulolyticum, disrupting lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) expression and reducing lactate production. The engineered strain showed a 7.4-fold increase in β-glucosidase activity, a 70% decrease in ldh expression, a 12% increase in cellulose degradation, and a 32% increase in ethanol production compared to wild type. Additionally, ldh was identified as a potential site for heterologous expression. These results demonstrate that simultaneous β-glucosidase integration and lactate dehydrogenase disruption is an effective strategy for increasing cellulose to ethanol bioconversion rates in C. cellulolyticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Josiah S Morgan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jiantao Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Mu Y, Meng F, Ju X, Li L. Inactivation and process intensification of β-glucosidase in biomass utilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3191-3204. [PMID: 37058231 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a promising environmental resource. Enzyme catalysis, as one of the most environmentally friendly and efficient tools among various treatments, is used for the conversion of biomass into chemicals and fuels. Cellulase is a complex enzyme composed of β-glucosidase (BGL), endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EG), and exo-β-1,4-glucanase (CBH), which synergistically hydrolyzes cellulose into monosaccharides. BGL, which further deconstructs cellobiose and short-chain cellooligosaccharides obtained by EG and CBH catalysis into glucose, is the most sensitive component of the synergistic enzyme system constituted by the three enzymes and is highly susceptible to inactivation by external conditions, becoming the rate-limiting component in biomass conversion. This paper firstly introduces the source and catalytic mechanism of BGL used in the process of biomass resource utilization. The focus is on the review of various factors affecting BGL activity during hydrolysis, including competitive adsorption of lignin, gas-liquid interface inactivation, thermal inactivation, and solvent effect. And the methods to improve BGL inactivation are proposed from two aspects-substrate initiation and enzyme initiation. In particular, the screening, modification, and alteration of the enzyme molecules themselves are discussed with emphasis. This review can provide novel ideas for studies of BGL inactivation mechanism, containment of inactivation, and activity enhancement. KEY POINTS: • Factors affecting β-glucosidase inactivation are described. • Process intensification is presented in terms of substrate and enzyme. • Solvent selection, protein engineering, and immobilization remain topics of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Mu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanjin Meng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Li S, Cao L, Yang X, Wu X, Xu S, Liu Y. Simultaneously optimizing multiple properties of β-glucosidase Bgl6 using combined (semi-)rational design strategies and investigation of the underlying mechanisms. Bioresour Technol 2023; 374:128792. [PMID: 36842511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The performance of β-glucosidase during cellulose saccharification is determined by thermostability, activity and glucose tolerance. However, conflicts between them make it challenging to simultaneously optimize three properties. In this work, such a case was reported using Bgl6-M3 as a starting point. Firstly, four thermostability-enhancing mutations were obtained using computer-aided engineering strategies (mutant M7). Secondly, substrate binding pocket of M7 was reshaped, generating two mutations that increased activity but decreased glucose tolerance (mutant M9). Then a key region lining active site cavity was redesigned, resulting in three mutations that boosted glucose tolerance and activity. Finally, mutant M12 with simultaneously improved thermostability (half-life of 20-fold), activity (kcat/Km of 5.6-fold) and glucose tolerance (ΔIC50 of 200 mM) was obtained. Mechanisms for property improvement were elucidated by structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, the strategies used here and new insights into the underlying mechanisms may provide guidance for multi-property engineering of other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuifeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Lichuang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiangpeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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14
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da Silva LF, da Silva EF, Morais FMS, Portela JC, de Oliveira FHT, de Freitas DF, de Almeida Ferreira E, Gurgel MT, Pinheiro AM, Lima RB, Vasconcelos AA, Antunes LFS. Potential of vermicomposting with mixtures of animal manure and vegetable leaves in the development of Eisenia foetida, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity under semi-arid conditions. J Environ Manage 2023; 330:117169. [PMID: 36621314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is the bio-oxidation and stabilization of organic matter involving relationships between the action of earthworms and microorganisms and the activation and dynamics of several enzyme activities. Semi-arid farmers to make (extra) money and organic production, produce their vermicompost using plant residues and animal manure, but there is no information about the final product generated. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the potential of vermicomposting with mixtures of animal manure and vegetable leaves in the development of Eisenia foetida, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity in the semi-arid region, Brazil. The experimental design applied was randomized block in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, with six treatments (mixtures of cattle manure, goat manure, cashew leaves, and catanduva leaves) and evaluated at four-time intervals (30, 60, 90, and 120 days of vermicomposting). The treatments were placed in polyethylene pots in the same site, environmental conditions, and residues proportions as used by farmers. The characteristics analyzed were the number of earthworms (NE), total earthworm biomass (TEB) and earthworm multiplication index (MI), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and activities of enzymes β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatases. The cattle manure vermicomposted shows the highest average values observed for NE, MI, TEB, MBC, and enzymatic activity, regardless of the plant leaves mix. In general, the enzymes activities were found in the descending order of β-glucosidase > alkaline phosphatase > dehydrogenase > acid phosphatase. The maturation dynamics of vermicompost were characterized by a decline in the microbial population and number and biomass of earthworms in the substrate and consequently a decrease in new enzyme synthesis and degradation of the remaining enzyme pool. Microbial biomass and enzymatic activity were indicators for changes in the quality of vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F da Silva
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Eulene F da Silva
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Francimar Maik S Morais
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeane C Portela
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Diana F de Freitas
- Federal University of Ceará, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 60020181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - E de Almeida Ferreira
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Bioscience, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Gurgel
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Pinheiro
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Renner B Lima
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Aline A Vasconcelos
- Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Departament of Agrarian Sciences, 35702031, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
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15
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Zhou HY, Chen Q, Zhang YF, Chen DD, Yi XN, Chen DS, Cheng XP, Li M, Wang HY, Chen KQ, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Improving the catalytic activity of β-glucosidase from Coniophora puteana via semi-rational design for efficient biomass cellulose degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110188. [PMID: 36584665 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the degradation activity of β-glucosidase (CpBgl) from Coniophora puteana, the structural modification was conducted. The enzyme activity of mutants CpBgl-Q20C and CpBgl-A240S was increased by 65.75% and 58.58%, respectively. These mutants exhibited maximum activity under the same conditions as wild-type CpBgl (65 ℃ and pH 5.0), slightly improved stabilities compared that of the wild-type, and remarkably enhanced activities in the presence of Mn2+ or Fe2+. The Vmax of CpBgl-Q20C and CpBgl-A240S was increased to 138.18 and 125.14 μmol/mg/min, respectively, from 81.34 μmol/mg/min of the wild-type, and the catalysis efficiency (kcat/Km) of CpBgl-Q20C (335.79 min-1/mM) and CpBgl-A240S (281.51 min-1/mM) was significantly improved compared with that of the wild-type (149.12 min-1/mM). When the mutant CpBgl-Q20C were used in the practical degradation of different biomasses, the glucose yields of filter paper, corncob residue, and fungi mycelia residue were increased by 17.68%, 25.10%, and 20.37%, respectively. The spatial locations of the mutation residues in the architecture of CpBgl and their unique roles in the enzyme-substrate binding and catalytic efficiency were probed in this work. These results laid a foundation for evolution of other glycoside hydrolases and the industrial bio-degradation of cellulosic biomass in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou-Dou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Shui Chen
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ping Cheng
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Qian Chen
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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16
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Han Y, Liu W, Chang N, Sun L, Bello A, Deng L, Zhao L, Egbeagu UU, Wang B, Zhao Y, Zhao M, Bi R, Jong C, Xu X, Sun Y. Exploration of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms community structure and key communities driving cellulose degradation during composting of pure corn straw by multi-interaction analysis. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116694. [PMID: 36343400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poor management of crop residues leads to environmental pollution and composting is a sustainable practice for addressing the challenge. However, knowledge about composting with pure crop straw is still limited, which is a novel and feasible composting strategy. In this study, pure corn straw was in-situ composted for better management. Community structure of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms during composting was deciphered using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the compost was mature with organic matter content of 37.83% and pH value of 7.36 and pure corn straw could be composted successfully. Cooling phase was major period for cellulose degradation with the highest β-glucosidase activity (476.25 μmol·p-Nitr/kg·dw·min) and microbial diversity (Shannon index, 3.63; Chao1 index, 500.81). Significant compositional succession was observed in the functional communities during composting with Streptomyces (14.32%), Trichoderma (13.85%) and Agromyces (11.68%) as dominant genera. β-Glucosidase-producing bacteria and fungi worked synergistically as a network to degrade cellulose with Streptomyces (0.3045**) as the key community revealed by multi-interaction analysis. Organic matter (-0.415***) and temperature (-0.327***) were key environmental parameters regulating cellulose degradation via influencing β-glucosidase-producing communities, and β-glucosidase played a key role in mediating this process. The above results indicated that responses of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms to cellulose degradation were reflected at both network and individual levels and multi-interaction analysis could better explain the relationship between variables concerning composting cellulose degradation. The work is of significance for understanding cellulose degradation microbial communities and process during composting of pure corn straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Nuo Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ayodeji Bello
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liting Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ugochi Uzoamaka Egbeagu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruixin Bi
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chol Jong
- College of Agriculture, Haeju Kim JeWon University of Agriculture, Haeju, 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Jiao R, Pang Y, Yang D, Li Z, Lou H. Boosting Hydrolysis of Cellulose at High Temperature by β-Glucosidase Induced Metal-Organic Framework In-Situ Co-Precipitation Encapsulation. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202201354. [PMID: 35934832 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the poor enzyme thermal stability, the efficient conversion of high crystallinity cellulose into glucose in aqueous phase over 50 °C is challenging. Herein, an enzyme-induced MOFs encapsulation of β-glucosidase (β-G) strategy was proposed for the first time. By using various methods, including SEM, XRD, XPS, NMR, FTIR and BET, the successful preparation of a porous channel-type flower-like enzyme complex (β-G@MOFs) was confirmed. The prepared enzyme complex (β-G@MOFs) materials showed improved thermal stability (from 50 °C to 100 °C in the aqueous phase) and excellent resistance to ionic liquids (the reaction temperature was as high as 110 °C) compared to the free enzyme (β-G). Not only the catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose by single enzyme (β-G) in ionic liquid was realized, but also the high-temperature continuous reaction performance of the enzyme was significantly improved. Benefiting from the significantly improved heat resistance, the β-G@MOFs exhibited 32.1 times and 34.2 times higher enzymatic hydrolysis rate compared to β-G for cellobiose and cellulose substrates, respectively. Besides, the catalytic activity of β-G@MOFs was retained up to 86 % after five cycles at 110 °C. This was remarkable because the fixation of the enzyme by the MOFs ensured that the folded structure of the enzyme would not expand at high temperatures, allowing the native conformation of the encapsulated protein well-maintained. Furthermore, we believe that this structural stability was caused by the confinement of flower-like porous MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hongming Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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Zhong P, Xiu Y, Zhou K, Zhao H, Wang N, Zheng F, Yu S. Characterization of a novel thermophilic beta-glucosidase from Thermotoga sp. and its application in the transformation of notoginsenoside R1. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:289. [PMID: 36276459 PMCID: PMC9508303 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel β-glucosidase (Thglu3) was identified from Thermotoga sp. which had biotransformation activity for notoginsenoside R1 (NR-R1). Sequence analysis of Thglu3 revealed that it could be classified into glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3). The gene encoding a 719-amino acid protein was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified, and its molecular weight was approximately 81 kDa. The recombinant Thglu3 exhibited an optimal activity at 75 °C and pH 6.4. The β-glucosidase had high selectivity for cleaving the outer glucose moiety at the C20 position of NR-R1, which produced the more pharmacologically active notoginsenoside R2 (NR-R2). Under the optimal reaction conditions for gram-scale production, 30 g NR-R1 was transformed to NR-R2 using 20 g crude enzyme at pH 6.4 and 75 °C within 1 h with a molar yield of 93%. This study was the first report of the highly efficient and selective gram-scale transformation of NR-R2 from NR-R1 by a thermophilic β-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yang Xiu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Kailu Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Huanxi Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
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19
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Meyer UN, Tischer A, Freitag M, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Oelmann Y, Kandeler E, Hölzel N, Hamer U. Enzyme kinetics inform about mechanistic changes in tea litter decomposition across gradients in land-use intensity in Central German grasslands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 836:155748. [PMID: 35526633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems provide important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and primary production that are affected by land-use intensity. To assess the effects of land-use intensity, operational and sensitive ecological indicators that integrate effects of grassland management on ecosystem processes such as organic matter turnover are needed. Here, we investigated the suitability of measuring the mass loss of standardized tea litter together with extracellular enzyme kinetics as a proxy of litter decomposition in the topsoil of grasslands along a well-defined land-use intensity gradient (fertilization, mowing, grazing) in Central Germany. Tea bags containing either green tea (high-quality litter) or rooibos tea (low-quality litter) were buried in 5 cm soil depth. Litter mass loss was measured after three (early-stage decomposition) and 12 months (mid-stage decomposition). Based on the fluorescence measurement of the reaction product 4-methylumbelliferone, Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics (Vmax: potential maximum rate of activity; Km: substrate affinity) of five hydrolases involved in the carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-cycle (β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), cellotriohydrolase (CTH), 1,4-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and phosphatase (PH)) were determined in tea litter bags and in the surrounding soil. The land-use intensity index (LUI), summarizing fertilization, mowing, grazing, and in particular the frequency of mowing were identified as important drivers of early-stage tea litter decomposition. Mid-stage decomposition was influenced by grazing intensity. The higher the potential activity of all measured C-, N- and P-targeting enzymes, the higher was the decomposition of both tea litters in the early-phase. During mid-stage decomposition, individual enzyme parameters (Vmax of CTH and PH, Km of CBH) became more important. The tea bag method proved to be a suitable indicator which allows an easy and cost-effective assessment of land-use intensity effects on decay processes in manged grasslands. In combination with enzyme kinetics it is an appealing approach to identify mechanisms driving litter break down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Niklas Meyer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Department of Soil Science, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Freitag
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Insitute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Department of Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, Emil Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Wang Z, Zhao M, Zhang X, Deng X, Li J, Wang M. Genome-wide identification and characterization of active ingredients related β-Glucosidases in Dendrobium catenatum. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:612. [PMID: 35999493 PMCID: PMC9400273 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendrobium catenatum/D. officinale (here after D. catenatum), a well-known economically important traditional medicinal herb, produces a variety of bioactive metabolites including polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids with excellent pharmacological and clinical values. Although many genes associated with the biosynthesis of medicinal components have been cloned and characterized, the biosynthetic pathway, especially the downstream and regulatory pathway of major medicinal components in the herb, is far from clear. β-glucosidases (BGLUs) comprise a diverse group of enzymes that widely exist in plants and play essential functions in cell wall modification, defense response, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolism, herbivore resistance, and scent release by hydrolyzing β-D-glycosidic bond from a carbohydrate moiety. The recent release of the chromosome-level reference genome of D. catenatum enables the characterization of gene families. Although the genome-wide analysis of the BGLU gene family has been successfully conducted in various plants, no systematic analysis is available for the D. catenatum. We previously isolated DcBGLU2 in the BGLU family as a key regulator for polysaccharide biosynthesis in D. catenatum. Yet, the exact number of DcBGLUs in the D. catenatum genome and their possible roles in bioactive compound production deserve more attention. RESULTS To investigate the role of BGLUs in active metabolites production, 22 BGLUs (DcBGLU1-22) of the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) were identified from D. catenatum genome. Protein prediction showed that most of the DcBGLUs were acidic and phylogenetic analysis classified the family into four distinct clusters. The sequence alignments revealed several conserved motifs among the DcBGLU proteins and analyses of the putative signal peptides and N-glycosylation site revealed that the majority of DcBGLU members dually targeted to the vacuole and/or chloroplast. Organ-specific expression profiles and specific responses to MeJA and MF23 were also determined. Furthermore, four DcBGLUs were selected to test their involvement in metabolism regulation. Overexpression of DcBGLU2, 6, 8, and 13 significantly increased contents of flavonoid, reducing-polysaccharide, alkaloid and soluble-polysaccharide, respectively. CONCLUSION The genome-wide systematic analysis identified candidate DcBGLU genes with possible roles in medicinal metabolites production and laid a theoretical foundation for further functional characterization and molecular breeding of D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
| | - Meili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,South China Limestone Plants Research Center, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Meina Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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21
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Zhang C, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhang L, Qi S, Fang Q, Xu Y, Chen J, Cheng X, Liu P, Wang C, Liu W. Pharmacokinetics and anti-liver fibrosis characteristics of amygdalin: Key role of the deglycosylated metabolite prunasin. Phytomedicine 2022; 99:154018. [PMID: 35247668 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amygdalin (Amy) is a cyanoside and is one of the chief active ingredients in Persicae Semen, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, and Pruni Semen. Amy has extensive and remarkable pharmacological activities, including against anti-hepatic fibrosis. However, the pharmacokinetic and anti-liver fibrosis effects of Amy and its enzyme metabolite prunasin (Pru) in vivo have not been studied and compared, and studies on Pru are limited. PURPOSE To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and anti-liver fibrosis effect of Amy and its metabolite Pru in vivo and in vitro, and elucidate whether the metabolism of Amy in vivo for Pru is activated. METHODS Pru was prepared from Amy via the enzymatic hydrolysis of β-glucosidase, and isolated by silica gel column chromatography. An efficient and sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Q exactive hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry was developed and validated to determine simultaneously Amy and Pru in rat plasma after dosing intravenously and orally for pharmacokinetic studies. The affinities of Amy and Pru for β-glucosidase were compared by enzyme kinetic experiments to explain the possible reasons for the differences in pharmacokinetic behavior. In vitro, the inhibitory effects of Amy and Pru on hepatic stellate cell activation and macrophage inflammation on JS1 and RAW 264.7 cells were determined. In vivo, the ameliorative effects of Amy and Pru on liver fibrosis effects were comprehensively evaluated by CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model in mice. RESULTS The standard curves of Amy and Pru in rat plasma showed good linearity within the concentration range of 1.31-5000.00 ng/ml, with acceptable selectivity, carry-over, detection limit and quantification limits, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and stability. The Cmax and AUC(0-∞) of Pru (Cmax = 1835.12 ± 268.09 ng/ml, AUC(0-∞) = 103,913.17 ± 14,202.48 ng•min/ml) were nearly 79.51- and 66.22-fold higher than those of Amy (Cmax = 23.08 ± 5.08 ng/ml, AUC(0-∞) = 1569.22 ± 650.62 ng•min/ml) after the oral administration of Amy. The oral bioavailability of Pru (64.91%) was higher than that of Amy (0.19%). The results of enzyme hydrolysis kinetics assay showed that the Vmax and Km of Pru were lower than those of Amy in commercial β-glucosidase and intestinal bacteria. In vitro cellular assays showed that Amy and Pru were comparable in inhibiting the NO production in the RAW264.7 cell supernatant and the mRNA expression of α-SMA and Col1A1 in JS1 cells. Amy and Pru were also showed comparable activity in ameliorating CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic characteristics of Amy and Pru in rat plasma were significantly different. After the separate gavage of Amy and Pru, Amy was absorbed predominantly as it's metabolite Pru, whereas Pru was absorbed predominantly as a prototype. The anti-liver fibrosis effects of Amy and its deglycosylated metabolite Pru were comparable in vivo and in vitro. The deglycosylated activated metabolite Pru of Amy plays an important role in anti-liver fibrosis. These findings will facilitate the further exploitation of Amy and Pru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dingqi Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linzhang Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinqin Fang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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22
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da Silva Almeida LE, Fernandes P, de Assis SA. Immobilization of Fungal Cellulases Highlighting β-Glucosidase: Techniques, Supports, Chemical, and Physical Changes. Protein J 2022; 41:274-292. [PMID: 35438380 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is widely used in several industrial segments, among which we can highlight the pharmaceutical industry, beverages, biofuels, animal feed production, and the textile industry. The great applicability of this enzyme, associated with the high cost of its production, justifies the need to find ways to make its use economically viable on an industrial scale. Through enzyme immobilization, the biocatalyst can be reused more than once, without great impact on its catalytic activity, and higher operational and storage stabilities can be achieved as compared to the free form. Accordingly, this review brings information about different techniques and supports that have been studied in the immobilization of cellulases with a focus on β-glucosidase, as well as the application of these immobilized systems to supplement commercial mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Emanuelle da Silva Almeida
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- DREAMS and Faculty of Engineering, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Aparecida de Assis
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44036-900, Brazil.
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23
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Chatzikonstantinou AV, Giannakopoulou Α, Spyrou S, Simos YV, Kontogianni VG, Peschos D, Katapodis P, Polydera AC, Stamatis H. Production of hydroxytyrosol rich extract from Olea europaea leaf with enhanced biological activity using immobilized enzyme reactors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:29624-29637. [PMID: 34676481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As olive leaves constitute the main by-product of the olive oil industry with important environmental and economic impact, there is an increasing demand for its valorization. In the present work, we report the development and application of immobilized enzyme batch bioreactors for the chemo-enzymatic treatment of an aqueous Olea europaea leaf extract rich in oleuropein to produce an extract enriched in hydroxytyrosol and other oleuropein hydrolysis products. To this end, a robust biocatalyst was developed through the immobilization of β-glucosidase on chitosan-coated magnetic beads which exhibited high hydrolytic stability after 240 h of incubation at 37 °C. The biocatalyst was successfully used in both a rotating bed-reactor and a stir-tank reactor for the modification of the olive leaf extract leading to high conversion yields of oleuropein (exceeding 90%), while an up to 2.5 times enrichment in hydroxytyrosol was achieved. Over 20 phenolic compounds (from different classes of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, secoiridoids, and their derivatives) were identified, in the extract before and after its modification through various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Finally, the biological activity of both extracts was evaluated. Compared to the non-modified extract, the modified one demonstrated 20% higher antioxidant activity, seven-fold higher antibacterial activity, and enhanced cytotoxicity against leiomyosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Αrchontoula Giannakopoulou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stamatia Spyrou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassiliki G Kontogianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petros Katapodis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki C Polydera
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Nhim S, Waeonukul R, Uke A, Baramee S, Ratanakhanokchai K, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Liu YJ, Kosugi A. Biological cellulose saccharification using a coculture of Clostridium thermocellum and Thermobrachium celere strain A9. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2133-2145. [PMID: 35157106 PMCID: PMC8930880 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract An anaerobic thermophilic bacterial strain, A9 (NITE P-03545), that secretes β-glucosidase was newly isolated from wastewater sediments by screening using esculin. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain A9 had 100% identity with that of Thermobrachium celere type strain JW/YL-NZ35. The complete genome sequence of strain A9 showed 98.4% average nucleotide identity with strain JW/YL-NZ35. However, strain A9 had different physiological properties from strain JW/YL-NZ35, which cannot secrete β-glucosidases or grow on cellobiose as the sole carbon source. The key β-glucosidase gene (TcBG1) of strain A9, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1, was characterized. Recombinant β-glucosidase (rTcBG1) hydrolyzed cellooligosaccharides to glucose effectively. Furthermore, rTcBG1 showed high thermostability (at 60°C for 2 days) and high glucose tolerance (IC50 = 0.75 M glucose), suggesting that rTcBG1 could be used for biological cellulose saccharification in cocultures with Clostridium thermocellum. High cellulose degradation was observed when strain A9 was cocultured with C. thermocellum in a medium containing 50 g/l crystalline cellulose, and glucose accumulation in the culture supernatant reached 35.2 g/l. In contrast, neither a monoculture of C. thermocellum nor coculture of C. thermocellum with strain JW/YL-NZ35 realized efficient cellulose degradation or high glucose accumulation. These results show that the β-glucosidase secreted by strain A9 degrades cellulose effectively in combination with C. thermocellum cellulosomes and has the potential to be used in a new biological cellulose saccharification process that does not require supplementation with β-glucosidases. Key points • Strain A9 can secrete a thermostable β-glucosidase that has high glucose tolerance • A coculture of strain A9 and C. thermocellum showed high cellulose degradation • Strain A9 achieves biological saccharification without addition of β-glucosidase Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11818-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyneang Nhim
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Ayaka Uke
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Sirilak Baramee
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan.
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25
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Deng Y, Ouyang J, Liu H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Yang C, Li D, Ma K. An effective immobilization of β-glucosidases by partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1035-1043. [PMID: 35015605 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2024848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization provides ideal operating conditions for enzymes stabilization and sustainable recycling. In this work, as a kind of clay material, montmorillonite (MTL) was chosen for immobilizing the β-glucosidase extracted from Agrocybe aegirit. The immobilized β-glucosidase via partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates (pCLEAs) formed by self-catalysis provided biocatalysts with satisfactory thermal and pH stability. Compared to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked, the immobilized β-glucosidase (β-G-pCLEAs@MTL) exhibited significantly higher immobilization efficiency (IE) and immobilization yield (IY), which were 80.6% and 76.9%, respectively. The β-G-pCLEAs@MTL also showed better stability and preferable reusability. And the activity of the β-G-pCLEAs@MTL remained 85.0% after 5 cycles and 74.7% after 10 cycles. Therefore, the method based on the pre- crosslinking to form pCLEAs and after-immobilization can effectively improve IY and IE. In addition, MTL seems to be a good alternative carrier to immobilize other enzymes for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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26
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Horikoshi S, Saburi W, Yu J, Matsuura H, Cairns JRK, Yao M, Mori H. Substrate specificity of glycoside hydrolase family 1 β-glucosidase AtBGlu42 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its molecular mechanism. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:231-245. [PMID: 34965581 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants possess many glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) β-glucosidases, which physiologically function in cell wall metabolism and activation of bioactive substances, but most remain uncharacterized. One GH1 isoenzyme AtBGlu42 in Arabidopsis thaliana has been identified to hydrolyze scopolin using the gene deficient plants, but no enzymatic properties were obtained. Its sequence similarity to another functionally characterized enzyme Os1BGlu4 in rice suggests that AtBGlu42 also acts on oligosaccharides. Here, we show that the recombinant AtBGlu42 possesses high kcat/Km not only on scopolin, but also on various β-glucosides, cellooligosaccharides, and laminarioligosaccharides. Of the cellooligosaccharides, cellotriose was the most preferred. The crystal structure, determined at 1.7 Å resolution, suggests that Arg342 gives unfavorable binding to cellooligosaccharides at subsite +3. The mutants R342Y and R342A showed the highest preference on cellotetraose or cellopentaose with increased affinities at subsite +3, indicating that the residues at this position have an important role for chain length specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Horikoshi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Yu
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Min Yao
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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27
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Ko JA, Kim SY, Ahn HS, Go JG, Ryu YB, Lee WS, Wee YJ, Park JS, Kim D, Kim YM. Characterization of a lactic acid bacterium-derived β-glucosidase for the production of rubusoside from stevioside. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 153:109939. [PMID: 34798448 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rubusoside, which is used as a natural sweetener or a solubilizing agent for water-insoluble functional materials, is currently expensive to produce owing to the high cost of the membrane-based technologies needed for its extraction and purification from the sweet tea plant (Rubus suavissimus S. Lee). Therefore, this study was carried out to screen for lactic acid bacteria that possess enzymes capable of bio-transforming stevioside into rubusoside. Subsequently, one such rubusoside-producing enzyme was isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum GS100. Located on the bacterial cell surface, this enzyme was stable at pH 4.5-6.5 and 30-40 °C, and it produced rubusoside as a major product through its stevioside-hydrolyzing activity. Importantly, the enzyme showed higher β-glucosidase activity toward the β-linked glucosidic bond of stevioside than toward other β-linked glucobioses. Under optimal conditions, 70 U/L of the rubusoside-producing enzyme could produce 69.03 mM rubusoside from 190 mM stevioside. The β-glucosidase activity on the cell surface was high at 35 h of culture. This is the first report detailing the production of rubusoside from stevioside by an enzyme derived from a food-grade lactic acid bacterium. The application of this β-glucosidase could greatly reduce the cost of rubusoside production, hence benefiting all industries that use this natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Ko
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Soo Ahn
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyune Go
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Song Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jung Wee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seong Park
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Doman Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Yan S, Xu Y, Yu XW. From induction to secretion: a complicated route for cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:107. [PMID: 38650205 PMCID: PMC10991602 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei has been widely used for cellulase production that has extensive applications in green and sustainable development. Increasing costs and depletion of fossil fuels provoke the demand for hyper-cellulase production in this cellulolytic fungus. To better manipulate T. reesei for enhanced cellulase production and to lower the cost for large-scale fermentation, it is wise to have a comprehensive understanding of the crucial factors and complicated biological network of cellulase production that could provide new perspectives for further exploration and modification. In this review, we summarize recent progress and give an overview of the cellular process of cellulase production in T. reesei, including the carbon source-dependent cellulase induction, complicated transcriptional regulation network, and efficient protein assembly and trafficking. Among that, the key factors involved in cellulase production were emphasized, shedding light on potential perspectives for further engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Chen A, Wang D, Ji R, Li J, Gu S, Tang R, Ji C. Structural and Catalytic Characterization of TsBGL, a β-Glucosidase From Thermofilum sp. ex4484_79. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723678. [PMID: 34659150 PMCID: PMC8517440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds of cellobiose, resulting in the production of glucose, which is an important step for the effective utilization of cellulose. In the present study, a thermostable β-glucosidase was isolated and purified from the Thermoprotei Thermofilum sp. ex4484_79 and subjected to enzymatic and structural characterization. The purified β-glucosidase (TsBGL) exhibited maximum activity at 90°C and pH 5.0 and displayed maximum specific activity of 139.2μmol/min/mgzne against p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc) and 24.3μmol/min/mgzen against cellobiose. Furthermore, TsBGL exhibited a relatively high thermostability, retaining 84 and 47% of its activity after incubation at 85°C for 1.5h and 90°C for 1.5h, respectively. The crystal structure of TsBGL was resolved at a resolution of 2.14Å, which revealed a classical (α/β)8-barrel catalytic domain. A structural comparison of TsBGL with other homologous proteins revealed that its catalytic sites included Glu210 and Glu414. We provide the molecular structure of TsBGL and the possibility of improving its characteristics for potential applications in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoneng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Mai Z, Wang L, Zeng Q. Characterization of a novel isoflavone glycoside-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from mangrove soil metagenomic library. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:61-65. [PMID: 34229124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the beneficial pharmacological properties of isoflavonoids and their related glycoconjugates, there is increasingly interest in their enzymatic conversion. In this study, a novel β-glucosidase gene isolated from metagenomic library of mangrove sediment was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombination β-glucosidase, designated as r-Bgl66, showed high catalytic activity for soy isoflavone glycosides. It converted soy isoflavone flour extract with the productivities of 0.87 mM/h for daidzein, 0.59 mM/h for genistein and 0.42 mM/h for glycitein. The kcat/Km values for daidzin, genistin and glycitin were 208.73, 222.37 and 288.07 mM-1 s-1, respectively. In addition, r-Bgl66 also exhibited the characteristic of glucose-tolerance, and the inhibition constant Ki was 471.4 mM. These properties make it a good candidate in the enzymatic hydrolysis of soy isoflavone glycosides. This study also highlights the utility of metagenomic approach in discovering novel β-glucosidase for soy isoflavone glycosides hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimao Mai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Rokni Y, Abouloifa H, Bellaouchi R, Hasnaoui I, Gaamouche S, Lamzira Z, Salah RBEN, Saalaoui E, Ghabbour N, Asehraou A. Characterization of β-glucosidase of Lactobacillus plantarum FSO1 and Candida pelliculosa L18 isolated from traditional fermented green olive. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:117. [PMID: 34370148 PMCID: PMC8353020 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Oleuropein, the main bitter phenolic glucoside responsible for green olive bitterness, may be degraded by the β-glucosidase enzyme to release glucose and phenolic compounds. Results Lactobacillus plantarum FSO1 and Candida pelliculosa L18 strains, isolated from natural fermented green olives, were tested for their β-glucosidase production and activity at different initial pH, NaCl concentrations, and temperature. The results showed that strains produced extracellular and induced β-glucosidase, with a molecular weight of 60 kD. The strains demonstrated their biodegradation capacity of oleuropein, associated with the accumulation of hydroxytyrosol and other phenolic compounds, resulting in antioxidant activity values significantly higher than that of ascorbic acid. The highest production value of β-glucosidase was 0.91 U/ml obtained at pH 5 and pH 6, respectively for L. plantarum FSO1 and C. pelliculosa L18. The increase of NaCl concentration, from 0 to 10% (w/v), inhibited the production of β-glucosidase for both strains. However, the β-glucosidase was activated with an increase of NaCl concentration, with a maximum activity obtained at 8% NaCl (w/v). The enzyme activity was optimal at pH 5 for both strains, while the optimum temperature was 45 °C for L. plantarum FSO1 and 35 °C for C. pelliculosa L18. Conclusions L. plantarum FSO1 and C. pelliculosa L18 strains showed their ability to produce an extracellular and induced β-glucosidase enzyme with promising traits for application in the biological processing of table olives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Rokni
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Houssam Abouloifa
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ismail Hasnaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Sara Gaamouche
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Zahra Lamzira
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Riadh B E N Salah
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP: 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nabil Ghabbour
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, BP 717, Oujda, Morocco
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Kongdin M, Mahong B, Lee SK, Shim SH, Jeon JS, Ketudat Cairns JR. Action of Multiple Rice β-Glucosidases on Abscisic Acid Glucose Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7593. [PMID: 34299210 PMCID: PMC8303963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of phytohormones with glucose is a means of modulating their activities, which can be rapidly reversed by the action of β-glucosidases. Evaluation of previously characterized recombinant rice β-glucosidases found that nearly all could hydrolyze abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE). Os4BGlu12 and Os4BGlu13, which are known to act on other phytohormones, had the highest activity. We expressed Os4BGlu12, Os4BGlu13 and other members of a highly similar rice chromosome 4 gene cluster (Os4BGlu9, Os4BGlu10 and Os4BGlu11) in transgenic Arabidopsis. Extracts of transgenic lines expressing each of the five genes had higher β-glucosidase activities on ABA-GE and gibberellin A4 glucose ester (GA4-GE). The β-glucosidase expression lines exhibited longer root and shoot lengths than control plants in response to salt and drought stress. Fusions of each of these proteins with green fluorescent protein localized near the plasma membrane and in the apoplast in tobacco leaf epithelial cells. The action of these extracellular β-glucosidases on multiple phytohormones suggests they may modulate the interactions between these phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
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33
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Xue Y, Xue M, Xie F, Zhang M, Zhao H, Zhou T. Engineering Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase for improved alkyl glycosides synthesis by site-directed mutagenesis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6298229. [PMID: 34124750 PMCID: PMC9113129 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl glycosides are well-characterized nonionic surfactants, and can be prepared by transglycosylation reactions with retaining GH1 glycosidases being normally used for this purpose. The produced alkyl glycosides can also be hydrolyzed by the glycosidase, and hence, the yields of alkyl glycosides can be too low for industrial use. To improve the transglycosylation-to-hydrolysis ratio for a β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmBglA) for the synthesis of alkyl glycoside, six mutants (N222F, N223C, N223Q, G224A, Y295F, and F414S) were produced. N222F, N223C, N223Q, G224A improved catalytic activity, F295Y and F414S are hydrolytically crippled with p-nitrophenol-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate with an 85 and 70-fold decrease in apparent kcat, respectively; N222F shows the highest kcat/km value for pNPG. The substrate selectivity altered from pNPG to pNP-β-d-fucoside for N222F, F295Y, and F414S and from cellubiose to gentiobiose for N222F and F414S. Using pNPG (34 mM) and hexanol 80% (vol/vol), N222F, Y295F, and F414S synthesized hexyl-β-glycoside (HG) yields of 84.7%, 50.9%, and 54.1%, respectively, HG increased from 14.49 (TmBglA) to 22.8 mM (N222F) at 2 hr by 57.42%. However, this higher transglycosylation effect depended on that three mutants creates an environment more suited for hexanol in the active site pocket, and consequently suppressed its HG hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemin Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Kao MR, Yu SM, Ho THUD. Improvements of the productivity and saccharification efficiency of the cellulolytic β-glucosidase D2-BGL in Pichia pastoris via directed evolution. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:126. [PMID: 34059121 PMCID: PMC8166090 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucosidases are essential for cellulose hydrolysis by catalyzing the final cellulolytic degradation of cello-oligomers and cellobiose to glucose. D2-BGL is a fungal glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) β-glucosidase isolated from Chaetomella raphigera with high substrate affinity, and is an efficient β-glucosidase supplement to Trichoderma reesei cellulase mixtures for the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. RESULTS We have carried out error-prone PCR to further increase catalytic efficiency of wild-type (WT) D2-BGL. Three mutants, each with substitution of two amino acids on D2-BGL, exhibited increased activity in a preliminary mutant screening in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effects of single amino acid replacements on catalysis efficiency and enzyme production have been investigated by subsequent expression in Pichia pastoris. Substitution F256M resulted in enhancing the tolerance to substrate inhibition and specific activity, and substitution D224G resulted in increasing the production of recombinant enzyme. The best D2-BGL mutant generated, Mut M, was constructed by combining beneficial mutations D224G, F256M and Y260D. Expression of Mut M in Pichia pastoris resulted in 2.7-fold higher production of recombinant protein, higher Vmax and greater substrate inhibition tolerance towards cellobiose relative to wild-type enzyme. Surprisingly, Mut M overexpression induced the ER unfolded protein response to a level lower than that with WT D2 overexpression in P. pastoris. When combined with the T. reesei cellulase preparation Celluclast 1.5L, Mut M hydrolyzed acid-pretreated sugarcane bagasse more efficiently than WT D2. CONCLUSIONS D2-BGL mutant Mut M was generated successfully by following directed evolution approach. Mut M carries three mutations that are not reported in other directed evolution studies of GH3 β-glucosidases, and this mutant exhibited greater tolerance to substrate inhibition and higher Vmax than wild-type enzyme. Besides the enhanced specific activity, Mut M also exhibited a higher protein titer than WT D2 when it was overexpressed in P. pastoris. Our study demonstrates that both catalytic efficiency and productivity of a cellulolytic enzyme can be enhanced via protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Kao
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Su-May Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Tuan-H ua David Ho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
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Kim EY, Kwon CW, Chang PS. Purification and characterization of a novel acid-tolerant and heterodimeric β-glucosidase from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:125-131. [PMID: 34078567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel β-glucosidase was purified from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed by anion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography, and its molecular mass was determined to be 42.8 kDa by gel permeation chromatography. The heterodimeric structure consisting of two subunits, free from disulfide bonds, was determined by native-PAGE analysis followed by zymography. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 4.0 and 70°C, and Vmax, Km, and kcat values were 0.078 units mg-1 protein, 2.22 mM, and 13.29 min-1, respectively, employing p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as the substrate. The high content of glycine determined by amino acid analysis implies that the enzyme possesses flexible conformations and interacts with cell membranes and walls in nature. Circular dichroism studies revealed that the high stability of the enzyme within the pH range of 2.0-10.0 is due to its reversible pH-responsive characteristics for α-helix-antiparallel β-sheet interconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Young Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Kwon
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kambiré MS, Gnanwa JM, Boa D, Kouadio EJP, Kouamé LP. Modeling of enzymatic activity of free β-glucosidase from palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum Linn. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae: Effects of pH and temperature. Biophys Chem 2021; 276:106611. [PMID: 34098161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum L., is an important pest of palm trees (Elaeis guineensis) around the tropical regions. Characterization of their digestive enzymes could be an important stage to develop appropriate pest control strategies. Study of these enzymes could also be of interest in different biotechnological applications. Among digestive enzymes, there is β-glucosidase which hydrolytically catalyzes the β-glycosidic linkage of glycosides. In the present work, the catalytic activity of β-glucosidase in the digestive juice of last larval instar of R. palmarum L. (Rpbgl) has been investigated using p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate. The "classical" physico-chemical properties for purified Rpbgl have been determined by the help of enzymatic activity modeling. Thus, the values of (325.4 ± 0.2) K, 5.28 ± 0.07 and (37.9 ± 0.6) kJ mol-1 were obtained for optimum temperature, optimum pH and activation energy, respectively. The pK values for enzyme-substrate complex are 4.25 ± 0.07 and 6.20 ± 0.07 for nucleophile and the proton donor, respectively. Enzyme kinetics study was also performed and the values of (127 ± 6) U mg-1 and (0.78 ± 0.08) mM were obtained for Vmax and Km, respectively. Using the Equilibrium model (EM), the thermal inactivation data were analyzed. ΔHeq, Teq, ΔGinact∗ and ΔGcat∗ were found to be (222 ± 4) kJ mol-1, (323.0 ± 0.1) K, (101.9 ± 0.2) kJ mol-1 and (53.37 ± 0.02) kJ mol-1, respectively. These results show that Rpbgl is less stable with a narrow temperature tolerance compared to other β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Sobamfou Kambiré
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jacques Mankambou Gnanwa
- Laboratoire d'Agrovalorisation, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - David Boa
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Eugène Jean P Kouadio
- Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et Bioprocédé, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Lucien Patrice Kouamé
- Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et Bioprocédé, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
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Zhang J, Zhao N, Xu J, Qi Y, Wei X, Fan M. Exploring the catalytic mechanism of a novel β-glucosidase BGL0224 from Oenococcus oeni SD-2a: Kinetics, spectroscopic and molecular simulation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109814. [PMID: 34116760 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The β-glucosidase derived from microorganisms has attracted worldwide interest for their industrial applications, but studies on β-glucosidases from Oenococcus oeni are rare. In this paper, catalytic mechanism of a novel β-glucosidase BGL0224 of Oenococcus oeni SD-2a was explored for the first time by kinetic parameters determination, fluorescence spectroscopy and quenching mechanism analysis, molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicated that BGL0224 had universal catalytic effect on different types of glycoside substrates, but the catalytic efficiencies were different. Fluorescence quenching analysis results suggested that the quenching processes between BGL0224 and seven kinds of substrates were predominated by the static quenching mechanism. A reasonable three-dimensional model of BGL0224 was obtained using the crystal structure of E.coli BglA as a template. The analysis results of molecular simulation (RMSD, Rg, RMSF and hydrogen bonding) showed that the composite system 'BGL0224-pNPG' was very stable after 40 ns. The catalytic process of BGL0224 acting on 'p-Nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside' conformed to the double displacement mechanism. Two glutamic acid residues 'Glu178 and Glu377' played a vital role in the whole catalytic process. Overall, this study gave specific insights on the catalytic mechanism of BGL0224, which was of great significance for developing its potential applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiman Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingtao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Hozhabr Araghi S, John A, Sadeghi Googheri MS. How a crosslinker agent interacts with the β-glucosidase enzyme surface in an aqueous solution: Insight from quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111761. [PMID: 33872829 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, surficial interactions of glutaraldehyde (GA) as an important crosslinker agent with the β-glucosidase (BGL) enzyme surface were investigated by theoretical methods. Since the inherent constraints of experimental methods limit their application to find the molecular perspective of these significant interactions in enzyme immobilization, theoretical methods were used as a complementary tool to understand this concept. The Minnesota density functional calculations showed that the chair conformations of the oxane-2,6-diol form of the GA were more stable than its free aldehyde form. MD simulations of propylamine-GA molecules, as a representative of attached-GA, in aqueous solutions of different concentrations were done to determine the molecular basis of surficial interactions with the BGL surface. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) demonstrated that the maximum flexibility of the BGL enzyme belonged to 460-480 residues in all solutions. Based on the spatial distribution function (SDF) analysis, the active site entrance was the most favored region to accumulate solute molecules. Radial distribution function (RDF) results showed that all forms of propylamine-GA molecules interacted from their head side with the lysine residues of BGL, which Lys247, Lys376, and Lys384 were found to be the most interactive lysine residues. Also, hydrogen bond (HB) analysis from two viewpoints confirmed HB formation possibility between propylamine-GA molecules and these lysine residues. These results explained which regions of the BGL have the maximum possibility to interact and link to GA and help us in understanding the process of enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Hozhabr Araghi
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Amalraj John
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Arevalos-Sánchez MM, Maynez-Perez AO, Rodríguez-Almeida FA, Martínez-Quintana JA, Sanchez-Flores FA, Felix-Portillo M, Chavéz-Martínez A, Olvera-García ME, Ruiz-Barrera O, Corral-Luna A. In vitro assessment of two novel Cellulases from Trabulsiella odontotermitis for agricultural waste utilization. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33757473 PMCID: PMC7986525 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of agricultural wastes still growing as a consequence of the population growing. However, the majority of these residues are under-utilized due their chemical composition, which is mainly composed by cellulose. Actually, the search of cellulases with high efficiency to degrade this carbohydrate remains as the challenge. In the present experiment, two genes encoding an endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and their recombinant enzymes (egl-FZYE and cel-FZYE, respectively) characterized. Those genes were found in Trabulsiella odontermitis which was isolated from the gut of termite Heterotermes sp. Additionally, the capability to release sugars from agricultural wastes was evaluated in both enzymes, alone and in combination. Results The results have shown that optimal pH was 6.0 and 6.5, reaching an activity of 1051.65 ± 47.78 and 607.80 ± 10.19 U/mg at 39 °C, for egl-FZYE and cel-FZYE, respectively. The Km and Vmax for egl-FZYE using CMC as substrate were 11.25 mg/mL and 3921.57 U/mg, respectively, whereas using Avicel were 15.39 mg/mL and 2314.81 U/mg, respectively. The Km and Vmax for cel-FZYE using Avicel as substrate were 11.49 mg/mL and 2105.26 U/mg, respectively, whereas using CMC the enzyme did not had activity. Both enzymes had effect on agricultural wastes, and their effect was improved when they were combined reaching an activity of 955.1 ± 116.1, 4016.8 ± 332 and 1124.2 ± 241 U/mg on corn stover, sorghum stover and pine sawdust, respectively. Conclusions Both enzymes were capable of degrading agricultural wastes, and their effectiveness was improved up to 60% of glucose released when combined. In summary, the results of the study demonstrate that the recombinant enzymes exhibit characteristics that indicate their value as potential feed additives and that the enzymes could be used to enhance the degradation of cellulose in the poor-quality forage generally used in ruminant feedstuffs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-021-00687-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha María Arevalos-Sánchez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Adrián Omar Maynez-Perez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Felipe A Rodríguez-Almeida
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - José Alfredo Martínez-Quintana
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Fidel Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Monserrath Felix-Portillo
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - América Chavéz-Martínez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Myrna Elena Olvera-García
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Oscar Ruiz-Barrera
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Agustín Corral-Luna
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Teixeira Essenfelder L, Gomes AA, Coimbra JLM, Moreira MA, Ferraz SM, Miquelluti DJ, Felippe da Silva G, Magalhães MDLB. Salivary β-glucosidase as a direct factor influencing the occurrence of halitosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100965. [PMID: 33732903 PMCID: PMC7941027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidases are enzymes present in all living organisms, playing a pivotal role in diverse biological processes. These enzymes cleave β-glycosidic bonds between carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety, which may result in the liberation of volatile aglycones. Released compounds execute diverse physiological roles, while the industry takes advantage of exogenously added β-glucosidases for aroma enrichment during food and beverage production. β-Glucosidase enzymatic activity has been reported in human saliva and given the fact that these enzymes are involved in aroma release, we investigated here the correlation between β-glucosidase activity in human saliva and the occurrence of halitosis. Measurement of salivary enzyme activity of 48 volunteers was performed using p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as substrate. Each volunteer was clinically evaluated by a dental surgeon and clinical and laboratorial data were statistically analyzed. Gas-chromatography of saliva headspace allowed the analysis of the direct role of exogenous β-glucosidase on aromatic /volatile profile of saliva samples. The data demonstrated a positive correlation between halitosis and enzymatic activity, suggesting that the enzyme exerts a direct role in the occurrence of bad breath. Gas-chromatography analysis demonstrated that exogenously added enzyme led to the alteration of volatile organic content, confirming a direct contribution of β-glucosidase activity on saliva volatile compounds release. Although halitosis is a multifactorial condition, the complete understanding of all governing factors may allow the development of more effective treatment strategies. Such studies may pave the way to the use of β-glucosidase inhibitors for halitosis clinical management. β-Glucosidases are capable of altering the aromatic profile of saliva. Increased salivary β-glucosidase is associated with halitosis. Increased salivary β-glucosidase is associated with dental biofilm. Salivary β-glucosidases are produced by oral microrganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimari Teixeira Essenfelder
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Albino Gomes
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Luis Meirelles Coimbra
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Moreira
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - David José Miquelluti
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Felippe da Silva
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Borba Magalhães
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
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Delgado L, Heckmann CM, De Benedetti S, Nardini M, Gourlay LJ, Paradisi F. Producing natural vanilla extract from green vanilla beans using a β-glucosidase from Alicyclobacillus acidiphilus. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:21-8. [PMID: 33508335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current methods for the production of natural vanilla extract are long and tedious, and the efficiency of the vanillin extraction is usually conditioned by different factors during the traditional curing process (temperatures and weather conditions). As an important fraction of vanillin is present in the form of glucovanillin in green beans, endogenous β-glucosidases contribute to its hydrolysis; however, these enzymes lose efficiency during the curing process. The use of extremophilic organisms as a source of an appropriate exogenous enzyme can offer a valid alternative when producing natural vanillin. Here, a β-glucosidase from the thermo-acidophilic organism Alicyclobacillus acidiphilus (AacGH1) was cloned, expressed in E. coli BL21, and fully characterized in respect to both function and crystal structure. Notably, AacGH1 was stable at a temperature up to 50 °C and exhibited good tolerance to glucose, fructose and organic solvents, in particular it maintained full activity in the presence of up to 20 % (v/v) ethanol. The enzyme was then successfully applied to an ethanol-water (20 % (v/v)) extract of green vanilla beans and the complete hydrolysis of glucovanillin (1.7 mM) to vanillin, and other flavour compounds commonly found in vanilla, was achieved using 0.5 mg/mL of enzyme in just 15 min at 30 °C.
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Borne R, Vita N, Franche N, Tardif C, Perret S, Fierobe HP. Engineering of a new Escherichia coli strain efficiently metabolizing cellobiose with promising perspectives for plant biomass-based application design. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 12:e00157. [PMID: 33457204 PMCID: PMC7797564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The necessity to decrease our fossil energy dependence requests bioprocesses based on biomass degradation. Cellobiose is the main product released by cellulases when acting on the major plant cell wall polysaccharide constituent, the cellulose. Escherichia coli, one of the most common model organisms for the academy and the industry, is unable to metabolize this disaccharide. In this context, the remodeling of E. coli to catabolize cellobiose should thus constitute an important progress for the design of such applications. Here, we developed a robust E. coli strain able to metabolize cellobiose by integration of a small set of modifications in its genome. Contrary to previous studies that use adaptative evolution to achieve some growth on this sugar by reactivating E. coli cryptic operons coding for cellobiose metabolism, we identified easily insertable modifications impacting the cellobiose import (expression of a gene coding a truncated variant of the maltoporin LamB, modification of the expression of lacY encoding the lactose permease) and its intracellular degradation (genomic insertion of a gene encoding either a cytosolic β-glucosidase or a cellobiose phosphorylase). Taken together, our results provide an easily transferable set of mutations that confers to E. coli an efficient growth phenotype on cellobiose (doubling time of 2.2 h in aerobiosis) without any prior adaptation. Production of a cytosolic β-glucosidase or cellobiose phosphorylase allows E. coli to metabolize cellobiose. Optimization of cellobiose uptake through E. coli enveloppe to sustain an efficient growth on this carbon source. Genetic engineering of E. coli can provide the capacity of an efficient cellobiose catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Borne
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7283, 31 ch. Joseph Aiguier, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vita
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7283, 31 ch. Joseph Aiguier, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Franche
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7283, 31 ch. Joseph Aiguier, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Chantal Tardif
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7283, 31 ch. Joseph Aiguier, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Perret
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7283, 31 ch. Joseph Aiguier, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Henri-Pierre Fierobe
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7283, 31 ch. Joseph Aiguier, F-13402, Marseille, France
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Dong S, Liu YJ, Zhou H, Xiao Y, Xu J, Cui Q, Wang X, Feng Y. Structural insight into a GH1 β-glucosidase from the oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis oceanica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:196-206. [PMID: 33347927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are promising sources of novel glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which have great value in biotechnical and industrial applications. Although many GH1 family β-glucosidases have been extensively studied, studies on β-glucosidases from microalgae are rare, and no structure of algal GH1 β-glucosidase has been reported. Here, we report the biochemical and structural study of a GH1 β-glucosidase BGLN1 from Nannochloropsis oceanica, an oleaginous microalga. Phylogenetic analysis of BGLN1, together with the known structures of GH1 β-glucosidases, has indicated that BGLN1 is branched at the root of the eukaryotic part of the phylogenetic tree. BGLN1 showed higher activity against laminaribiose compared to cello-oligosaccharides. Unlike most of the other GH1 β-glucosidases, BGLN1 is partially inhibited by metal ions. The crystal structure of BGLN1 revealed that BGLN1 adopts a typical (α/β)8-barrel fold with variations in loops and N-terminal regions. BGLN1 contains extra residues at the N-terminus, which are essential for maintaining protein stability. BGLN1 has a more acidic substrate-binding pocket than other β-glucosidases, and the variations beyond the conserved -1 site determine the substrate specificity. These results indicate that GH enzymes from microalgae may have unique structural and functional features, which will provide new insight into carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism in marine microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yadav S, Pandey AK, Dubey SK. Molecular modeling, docking and simulation dynamics of β-glucosidase reveals high-efficiency, thermo-stable, glucose tolerant enzyme in Paenibacillus lautus BHU3 strain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:371-382. [PMID: 33310096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme β-glucosidase mediates the rate limiting step of conversion of cellobiose to glucose and thus plays a vital role in the process of cellulose degradation. The present study deals with analysis of the effective novel strain of Paenibacillus lautus BHU3 for identifying high-efficiency thermostable, glucose tolerant β-glucosidases. Seven counterparts with elevated Tm values ranging from 64.6 to 75.8 °C with high thermo-stability, were revealed through this analysis. The blind molecular docking of the model enzymes structures with cellobiose and pNPG gave high negative interaction energies ranging from -11.33 to -13.29 and -6.43 to -9.054 (kcal mol-1), respectively. The enzyme WP_096774744.1 effectively formed 5 hydrogen bonds with the highest interaction energy (-13.29 kcal mol-1) with cellobiose at its catalytic site. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis performed for the WP_096774744.1-pNPG complex predicted Glu5, Arg7, Lue68, Gly69 and Phe325 as the major contributing residues for accomplishing hydrolysis of β-1-4-linkage. Further, the molecular docking of WP_096774744.1 enzyme with glucose revealed a distinct glucose-binding site distant from the substrate-binding site, thus confirming the deficient competitive inhibition by glucose. Hence, WP_096774744.1 β-glucosidase appears to be an efficient enzyme with enhanced activity to biodegrade the cellulosic materials and highly relevant for waste management and various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Yadav
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Liang C, Xu Z, Wang Q, Wang W, Xu H, Guo Y, Qi W, Wang Z. Improving β-glucosidase and xylanase production in a combination of waste substrate from domestic wastewater treatment system and agriculture residues. Bioresour Technol 2020; 318:124019. [PMID: 32916465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulase and hemicellulase activities are considered to the major bottlenecks in the lignocellulosic biorefinery process, especially in an enzyme cocktail lacking β-glucosidase (BGL) and xylanase (XYL). In view of this issue, higher levels of BGL and XYL activities were obtained in the presence of wastewater and activated sludge as an induction medium mixed with 5% of rice straw by Hypocrea sp. W63. The analysis of the ionic content showed that a relatively low sludge dose could enhance the production of BGL and XYL. Most importantly, compared to a medium using freshwater, the proportion of 1:10 sludge to wastewater, which contained nutrient elements, led to 3.4-fold BGL and 3.7-fold XYL production improvements. This research describes the reuse of substrates that are largely and continuously generated from domestic wastewater treatment systems and agriculture residues, which consequently leads to the development of a simultaneous enzyme production process for sustainable biorefinery practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyi Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Qu X, Ding B, Li J, Liang M, Du L, Wei Y, Huang R, Pang H. Characterization of a GH3 halophilic β-glucosidase from Pseudoalteromonas and its NaCl-induced activity toward isoflavones. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1392-1398. [PMID: 32763400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel β-glucosidase gene was isolated from Pseudoalteromonas sp. GXQ-1 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The activity of the encoded enzyme, PABGL, toward p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was increased 8.74-fold by the presence of 3 M NaCl relative to the absence of added NaCl. PABGL hydrolyzed a variety of soy isoflavone substrates. For the conversion of daidzin to daidzein, the production rate was 1.44 mM/h. The addition of NaCl enhanced the hydrolytic activity of PABGL toward daidzin and genistein; the maximum activation by NaCl was 3.48- and 6.79-fold, respectively. This is the first report of a halophilic β-glucosidase from Pseudoalteromonas spp., and represents the β-glucosidase with the highest multiple of activation by NaCl. PABGL exhibits strong potential for applications in food processing and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bo Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Meng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liqin Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yutuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ribo Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Bio-refinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China.
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Ni H, Jiang Q, Lin Q, Ma Q, Wang L, Weng S, Huang G, Li L, Chen F. Enzymatic hydrolysis and auto-isomerization during β-glucosidase treatment improve the aroma of instant white tea infusion. Food Chem 2020; 342:128565. [PMID: 33199121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aroma changes in instant white tea resulting from β-glucosidase treatment was investigated by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), odour activity value analysis (OAV), aroma reconstruction and omission tests. The grassy, floral and sweet notes increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the roasted note decreased significantly (P < 0.05) upon β-glucosidase treatment. Quantitative analysis showed that the concentrations of benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol, cis-linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide, hexanol, hotrienol and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol increased significantly (P < 0.05) after treatment; however, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol isomerized to (E)-2-hexen-1-ol. OAV analysis, aroma reconstruction and the omission test showed that the grassy, floral and sweet notes increased as the (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, cis/trans-linalool oxide and benzeneacetaldehyde increased, whereas the roasted note declined under the same conditions. The enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic precursors and the auto-isomerization of volatile compounds provide new information for understanding how β-glucosidase treatment improves the aroma of tea products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Qingxiang Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Qi Lin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Qiongqing Ma
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China.
| | - Shuyi Weng
- Fujian Da Ming Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Gaoling Huang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Malobane ME, Nciizah AD, Nyambo P, Mudau FN, Wakindiki IIC. Microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities as influenced by tillage, crop rotation and residue management in a sweet sorghum cropping system in marginal soils of South Africa. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05513. [PMID: 33294667 PMCID: PMC7683310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Questions on sustainable and appropriate cropping systems for bioenergy sweet sorghum in the smallholder farming sector still exist. Therefore, a short-term experiment was carried out to study the influence of management on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and urease activities in a sweet sorghum cropping system in South Africa. Tillage [no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)], rotation [sorghum-vetch-sorghum (S-V-S) and sorghum-fallow-sorghum (S-F-S)] and residue retention [0%, 15% and 30%] were evaluated. Tillage× rotation× residue management interaction influenced (P < 0.05) MBC whilst crop rotation residue influenced (P < 0.05) β-glucosidase. Tillage affected β-glucosidase (P < 0.05), acid phosphatase (P < 0.001), and urease enzyme (P < 0.01) while crop rotation only influenced acid phosphatase (P < 0.01). Residue retention affected acid phosphatase (P < 0.001) and urease enzyme (P < 0.001). NT + S-V-S+30% interaction resulted in the highest MBC content compared to CT + S-F-S+0%. NT+30% enhanced β-glucosidase activity, S-V-S enhanced acid phosphatase compared to S-F-S. MBC and enzyme activities were positively correlated with each other. Tillage and residue management were the main factors influencing soil biological indicators under bioenergy sweet sorghum in South African marginal soils in the short-term. Soil biological indicators were higher under NT and 30% residue retention respectively. NT + S-V-S+30% was a better treatment combination to enhance soil quality under bioenergy sweet sorghum in South African marginal soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashapa E Malobane
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, P. Bag X79, Pretoria, South Africa
- University of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Adornis D Nciizah
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, P. Bag X79, Pretoria, South Africa
- University of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Patrick Nyambo
- Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Fhatuwani N Mudau
- University of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Isaiah I C Wakindiki
- University of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Angelotti JAF, Dias FFG, Sato HH, Fernandes P, Nakajima VM, Macedo J. Improvement of Aglycone Content in Soy Isoflavones Extract by Free and Immobilized Β-Glucosidase and their Effects in Lipid Accumulation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:734-750. [PMID: 32535816 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important commodities in the world, being applied in feed crops and food, pharmaceutical industries in different ways. Soy is rich in isoflavones that in aglycone forms have exhibited significant anti-obesity and anti-lipogenic effects. Obesity is a global problem as several diseases have been related to this worldwide epidemic. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of free and immobilized β-glucosidase, testing Lentikats, and sol-gel as carriers. Moreover, we wanted to examine if the different types of hydrolysis would generate extracts with distinct biological activity concerning lipid accumulation, PPAR-α regulation, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations using in vitro assays. Our results show that all formulations of β-glucosidase could hydrolyze soy isoflavones. Thus, after 24 h of incubation, daidzein content increased 2.6-, 10.8-, and 12.2-fold; and genistein content increased 11.7, 11.4, and 11.4 times with the use of free enzyme, Lentikats®, and sol-gel immobilized enzyme, respectively. Moreover, both methodologies for enzyme immobilization led to promising forms of biocatalysts for application in the production of soy extracts rich in isoflavones aglycones, which are expected to bring about health benefits. A mild lipogenic effect was observed for some concentrations of extracts, as well as a slight inhibition in PPAR-α expression, although no significant differences were noticeable in the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 as compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelise A F Angelotti
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, R. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda F G Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, 2212 Robert Mondavi Institute-South, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hélia H Sato
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- DREAMS e Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia M Nakajima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University-UFVF, rua Mários Santos Braga 30, CEP, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Juliana Macedo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CP 6121, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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50
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Ren RJ, Wang P, Wang LN, Su JP, Sun LJ, Sun Y, Chen DF, Chen XW. Os4BGlu14, a monolignol β-Glucosidase, negatively affects seed longevity by influencing primary metabolism in rice. Plant Mol Biol 2020; 104:513-527. [PMID: 32833149 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Os4BGlu14, a monolignol β-glucosidase, plays a negative role in seed longevity by affecting primary metabolism during seed development and aging. Seed longevity is a crucial trait in agriculture and in the conservation of germplasm resources. β-Glucosidases (BGlus) are multifunctional enzymes that affect plant growth and their adaptation to the environment. The function of rice BGlus in seed longevity, however, remains unknown. We report here that Os4BGlu14, a rice β-Glucosidase, negatively affected seed longevity during accelerated aging. Os4BGlu14 was highly expressed in rice embryos and induced by accelerated aging. Compared to the wild type, rice lines overexpressing Os4BGlu14 had significantly greater grain length, but smaller grain width and thickness. Overexpressing (OE) lines also showed lower starch but higher glucose contents. After accelerated aging treatment, OE lines displayed a significantly lower germination percentage than the wild type. Additionally, these lines had higher lignin accumulation before and after accelerated aging. Metabolome analysis detected 217 metabolites in untreated and aged rice seeds. Comparison of the differential metabolites between WT and OE5 revealed that ten key metabolites, four of which (e.g., uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose-glucose, UDPG) were increased, while the other six (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid and methionine) were decreased, might be the crucial factors that lead to seed deterioration. Further analysis confirmed higher UDPG levels and more severe programmed cell death in OE lines than in the wild type. Furthermore, OE lines presented a lower germination rate after abscisic acid and paclobutrazol treatment during germination, compared to the wild type. Our study provides a basis for understanding the function of Os4BGlu14 in seed longevity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing-Ping Su
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lin-Jing Sun
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - De-Fu Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xi-Wen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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