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Richter FJ, Suter M, Lüscher A, Buchmann N, El Benni N, Feola Conz R, Hartmann M, Jan P, Klaus VH. Effects of management practices on the ecosystem-service multifunctionality of temperate grasslands. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3829. [PMID: 38714701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human wellbeing depends on ecosystem services, highlighting the need for improving the ecosystem-service multifunctionality of food and feed production systems. We study Swiss agricultural grasslands to assess how employing and combining three widespread aspects of grassland management and their interactions can enhance 22 plot-level ecosystem service indicators, as well as ecosystem-service multifunctionality. The three management aspects we assess are i) organic production system, ii) an eco-scheme prescribing extensive management (without fertilization), and iii) harvest type (pasture vs. meadow). While organic production system and interactions between the three management aspects play a minor role, the main effects of eco-scheme and harvest type considerably shape single services. Moreover, the eco-scheme 'extensive management' and the harvest type 'pasture' enhance plot-scale ecosystem-service multifunctionality, mostly through facilitating cultural services at the expense of provisioning services. These changes in ecosystem-service supply occur mainly via changes in land-use intensity, i.e., reduced fertilizer input and harvest frequency. In conclusion, diversifying grassland management where this is currently homogeneous across farms and landscapes depicts an important first step to improve landscape-scale multifunctionality for sustainable grassland systems. To meet societal ecosystem services demand, the three studied management aspects can be systematically combined to increase ecosystem services that are in short supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska J Richter
- Grassland Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Suter
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lüscher
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Grassland Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja El Benni
- Sustainability Assessment and Agricultural Management, Agroscope, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - Rafaela Feola Conz
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierrick Jan
- Managerial Economics in Agriculture, Agroscope, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Grassland Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Neyret M, Le Provost G, Boesing AL, Schneider FD, Baulechner D, Bergmann J, de Vries FT, Fiore-Donno AM, Geisen S, Goldmann K, Merges A, Saifutdinov RA, Simons NK, Tobias JA, Zaitsev AS, Gossner MM, Jung K, Kandeler E, Krauss J, Penone C, Schloter M, Schulz S, Staab M, Wolters V, Apostolakis A, Birkhofer K, Boch S, Boeddinghaus RS, Bolliger R, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Dumack K, Fischer M, Gan HY, Heinze J, Hölzel N, John K, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Marhan S, Müller J, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schenk NV, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Seibold S, Socher SA, Solly EF, Teuscher M, van Kleunen M, Wubet T, Manning P. A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1251. [PMID: 38341437 PMCID: PMC10858939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a 'slow-fast' axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that 'slow' and 'fast' strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Florian D Schneider
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
- ISOE - Institute for social-ecological research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dennis Baulechner
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anna Merges
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruslan A Saifutdinov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Applied Biodiversity Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institut of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonios Apostolakis
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Runa S Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department Plant Production and Production Related Environmental Protection, Center for Agricultural Technology Augustenberg (LTZ), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Bolliger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huei Ying Gan
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironments Tübingen (SHEP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Heinze
- Department of Biodiversity, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Nature Conservation, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Swen C Renner
- Ornithology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Autria, Germany
| | | | - Noëlle V Schenk
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Department Environment and Biodiversity, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Emily F Solly
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Computation Hydrosystems Department, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miriam Teuscher
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Community Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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3
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Romanelli JP, Piana MR, Klaus VH, Brancalion PHS, Murcia C, Cardou F, Wallace KJ, Adams C, Martin PA, Burton PJ, Diefenderfer HL, Gornish ES, Stanturf J, Beyene M, Santos JPB, Rodrigues RR, Cadotte MW. Convergence and divergence in science and practice of urban and rural forest restoration. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:295-312. [PMID: 37813383 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest restoration has never been higher on policymakers' agendas. Complex and multi-dimensional arrangements across the urban-rural continuum challenge restorationists and require integrative approaches to strengthen environmental protection and increase restoration outcomes. It remains unclear if urban and rural forest restoration are moving towards or away from each other in practice and research, and whether comparing research outcomes can help stakeholders to gain a clearer understanding of the interconnectedness between the two fields. This study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities for enhancing forest restoration in both urban and rural systems by reviewing the scientific evidence, engaging with key stakeholders and using an urban-rural forest restoration framework. Using the Society for Ecological Restoration's International Principles as discussion topics, we highlight aspects of convergence and divergence between the two fields to broaden our understanding of forest restoration and promote integrative management approaches to address future forest conditions. Our findings reveal that urban and rural forest restoration have convergent and divergent aspects. We emphasise the importance of tailoring goals and objectives to specific contexts and the need to design different institutions and incentives based on the social and ecological needs and goals of stakeholders in different regions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of achieving high levels of ecological restoration and the need to go beyond traditional ecology to plan, implement, monitor, and adaptively manage restored forests. We suggest that rivers and watersheds could serve as a common ground linking rural and urban landscapes and that forest restoration could interact with other environmental protection measures. We note the potential for expanding the creative vision associated with increasing tree-containing environments in cities to generate more diverse and resilient forest restoration outcomes in rural settings. This study underscores the value of integrative management approaches in addressing future forest conditions across the urban-rural continuum. Our framework provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and decision-makers to advance the field of forest restoration and address the challenges of restoration across the urban-rural continuum. The rural-urban interface serves as a convergence point for forest restoration, and both urban and rural fields can benefit from each other's expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Romanelli
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Biological Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Max R Piana
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstr. 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Murcia
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Françoise Cardou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kiri Joy Wallace
- Te Tumu Whakaora Taiao - Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Cristina Adams
- Forest Governance Research Group (GGF), Institute of Energy and Environment (IEE), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289, São Paulo, SP, 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Philip A Martin
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio sede no 1, planta 1, Parque científico UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain
| | - Philip J Burton
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
- Symbios Research & Restoration, Smithers, BC, V0J 2N4, Canada
| | - Heida L Diefenderfer
- University of Washington and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
| | - Elise S Gornish
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - John Stanturf
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Menilek Beyene
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - João Paulo Bispo Santos
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Biological Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Biological Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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4
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Pichon NA, Cappelli SL, Soliveres S, Mannall T, Nwe TZ, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Vincent H, Allan E. Nitrogen availability and plant functional composition modify biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14361. [PMID: 38217282 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity typically increases multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) but variation in the strength and direction of biodiversity effects between studies suggests context dependency. To determine how different factors modulate the diversity effect on multifunctionality, we established a large grassland experiment manipulating plant species richness, resource addition, functional composition (exploitative vs. conservative species), functional diversity and enemy abundance. We measured ten above- and belowground functions and calculated ecosystem multifunctionality. Species richness and functional diversity both increased multifunctionality, but their effects were context dependent. Richness increased multifunctionality when communities were assembled with fast-growing species. This was because slow species were more redundant in their functional effects, whereas different fast species promoted different functions. Functional diversity also increased multifunctionality but this effect was dampened by nitrogen enrichment and enemy presence. Our study suggests that a shift towards fast-growing communities will not only alter ecosystem functioning but also the strength of biodiversity-functioning relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie A Pichon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Seraina L Cappelli
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramón Margalef", University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Tosca Mannall
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thu Zar Nwe
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Department of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hugo Vincent
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Klaus VH, Jehle A, Richter F, Buchmann N, Knop E, Lüscher G. Additive effects of two agri-environmental schemes on plant diversity but not on productivity indicators in permanent grasslands in Switzerland. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119416. [PMID: 37931438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Different agri-environmental schemes (AES), such as ecological focus areas and organic farming, have been suggested to reduce the impact of intensive agriculture on the environment and to conserve or even restore farmland biodiversity. However, the effectiveness of such schemes, their ability to actually support biodiversity and associated trade-offs with agricultural production are still debated. We analysed a large dataset from the biodiversity monitoring in the Swiss agricultural landscape to assess the effects of two different grassland AES, i.e., extensively managed ecological focus areas (EFAs versus non-EFAs) and organic farming (versus conventional), on plant diversity, plant community composition and productivity indicators, i.e., weed abundance, forage value and nutrient availability. We also considered environmental factors, i.e., topography and soil conditions, which potentially modulate AES effects on biodiversity. We used in total 1170 plots in permanent grasslands, managed as meadows or pastures. Both AES had significant positive effects on plant diversity. However, EFAs increased plant richness considerably stronger (+6.6 species) than organic farming (+1.8 species). Effects of the two schemes were additive with organic EFA grasslands exhibiting highest plant diversity. Differences in topography partly explained AES effects on diversity as both AES were associated with differences in elevation and slope. Thus, future assessments of the effectiveness of AES need to consider the non-random placement of AES across heterogeneous landscapes. EFA grasslands revealed a considerably reduced agricultural productivity as shown by low forage values and low nutrient availability. Yet, the abundance of agricultural weeds, i.e., agriculturally undesired plant species, was lower in EFA compared to non-EFA grasslands. Productivity indicators were only weakly affected by organic farming and other than for plant diversity, productivity did not differ between organic and conventional EFA grasslands. The positive additive diversity effects of EFAs and organic grassland farming underline the potential of both AES to contribute to biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes, though to a different extent. Comparing the effects of the two AES revealed that the lower the reduction in agricultural productivity associated with an AES, the smaller the gains in plant diversity, highlighting the inevitable trade-off between productivity and plant diversity in semi-natural grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H Klaus
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Jehle
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Knop
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Agricultural Landscape and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Lüscher
- Agricultural Landscape and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Abrahão A, Marhan S, Boeddinghaus RS, Nawaz A, Wubet T, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Freitag M, Hamer U, Oliveira RS, Lambers H, Kandeler E. Microbial drivers of plant richness and productivity in a grassland restoration experiment along a gradient of land-use intensity. New Phytol 2022; 236:1936-1950. [PMID: 36128644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) underlying grassland plant richness and productivity are typically coupled with nutrient availability; however, we lack understanding of how restoration measures to increase plant diversity might affect PSFs. We examined the roles of sward disturbance, seed addition and land-use intensity (LUI) on PSFs. We conducted a disturbance and seed addition experiment in 10 grasslands along a LUI gradient and characterized plant biomass and richness, soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities. Greater plant biomass at high LUI was related to a decrease in the fungal to bacterial ratios, indicating highly productive grasslands to be dominated by bacteria. Lower enzyme activity per microbial biomass at high plant species richness indicated a slower carbon (C) cycling. The relative abundance of fungal saprotrophs decreased, while pathogens increased with LUI and disturbance. Both fungal guilds were negatively associated with plant richness, indicating the mechanisms underlying PSFs depended on LUI. We show that LUI and disturbance affect fungal functional composition, which may feedback on plant species richness by impeding the establishment of pathogen-sensitive species. Therefore, we highlight the need to integrate LUI including its effects on PSFs when planning for practices that aim to optimize plant diversity and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abrahão
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Sven Marhan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Runa S Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Gießen, Germany
- Center for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Freitag
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Meyer UN, Tischer A, Freitag M, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Oelmann Y, Kandeler E, Hölzel N, Hamer U. Enzyme kinetics inform about mechanistic changes in tea litter decomposition across gradients in land-use intensity in Central German grasslands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 836:155748. [PMID: 35526633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems provide important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and primary production that are affected by land-use intensity. To assess the effects of land-use intensity, operational and sensitive ecological indicators that integrate effects of grassland management on ecosystem processes such as organic matter turnover are needed. Here, we investigated the suitability of measuring the mass loss of standardized tea litter together with extracellular enzyme kinetics as a proxy of litter decomposition in the topsoil of grasslands along a well-defined land-use intensity gradient (fertilization, mowing, grazing) in Central Germany. Tea bags containing either green tea (high-quality litter) or rooibos tea (low-quality litter) were buried in 5 cm soil depth. Litter mass loss was measured after three (early-stage decomposition) and 12 months (mid-stage decomposition). Based on the fluorescence measurement of the reaction product 4-methylumbelliferone, Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics (Vmax: potential maximum rate of activity; Km: substrate affinity) of five hydrolases involved in the carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-cycle (β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), cellotriohydrolase (CTH), 1,4-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and phosphatase (PH)) were determined in tea litter bags and in the surrounding soil. The land-use intensity index (LUI), summarizing fertilization, mowing, grazing, and in particular the frequency of mowing were identified as important drivers of early-stage tea litter decomposition. Mid-stage decomposition was influenced by grazing intensity. The higher the potential activity of all measured C-, N- and P-targeting enzymes, the higher was the decomposition of both tea litters in the early-phase. During mid-stage decomposition, individual enzyme parameters (Vmax of CTH and PH, Km of CBH) became more important. The tea bag method proved to be a suitable indicator which allows an easy and cost-effective assessment of land-use intensity effects on decay processes in manged grasslands. In combination with enzyme kinetics it is an appealing approach to identify mechanisms driving litter break down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Niklas Meyer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Department of Soil Science, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Freitag
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Insitute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Department of Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, Emil Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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8
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Sikorski J, Baumgartner V, Birkhofer K, Boeddinghaus RS, Bunk B, Fischer M, Fösel BU, Friedrich MW, Göker M, Hölzel N, Huang S, Huber KJ, Kandeler E, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Marhan S, von Mering C, Oelmann Y, Prati D, Regan KM, Richter-Heitmann T, Rodrigues JFM, Schmitt B, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Schurig E, Solly EF, Wolters V, Overmann J. The Evolution of Ecological Diversity in Acidobacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:715637. [PMID: 35185839 PMCID: PMC8847707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.715637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidobacteria occur in a large variety of ecosystems worldwide and are particularly abundant and highly diverse in soils. In spite of their diversity, only few species have been characterized to date which makes Acidobacteria one of the most poorly understood phyla among the domain Bacteria. We used a culture-independent niche modeling approach to elucidate ecological adaptations and their evolution for 4,154 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Acidobacteria across 150 different, comprehensively characterized grassland soils in Germany. Using the relative abundances of their 16S rRNA gene transcripts, the responses of active OTUs along gradients of 41 environmental variables were modeled using hierarchical logistic regression (HOF), which allowed to determine values for optimum activity for each variable (niche optima). By linking 16S rRNA transcripts to the phylogeny of full 16S rRNA gene sequences, we could trace the evolution of the different ecological adaptations during the diversification of Acidobacteria. This approach revealed a pronounced ecological diversification even among acidobacterial sister clades. Although the evolution of habitat adaptation was mainly cladogenic, it was disrupted by recurrent events of convergent evolution that resulted in frequent habitat switching within individual clades. Our findings indicate that the high diversity of soil acidobacterial communities is largely sustained by differential habitat adaptation even at the level of closely related species. A comparison of niche optima of individual OTUs with the phenotypic properties of their cultivated representatives showed that our niche modeling approach (1) correctly predicts those physiological properties that have been determined for cultivated species of Acidobacteria but (2) also provides ample information on ecological adaptations that cannot be inferred from standard taxonomic descriptions of bacterial isolates. These novel information on specific adaptations of not-yet-cultivated Acidobacteria can therefore guide future cultivation trials and likely will increase their cultivation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Sikorski
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Baumgartner
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Runa S. Boeddinghaus
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bärbel U. Fösel
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael W. Friedrich
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Göker
- Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sixing Huang
- Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Huber
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, University of GieBen, GieBen, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian von Mering
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen M. Regan
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Richter-Heitmann
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - João F. Matias Rodrigues
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Schmitt
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Department for Biogeochemical Processes and Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department for Biogeochemical Processes and Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Emily F. Solly
- Department for Biogeochemical Processes and Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Overmann
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Sun Q, Gilgen AK, Signarbieux C, Klaus VH, Buchmann N. Cropping systems alter hydraulic traits of barley but not pea grown in mixture. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2912-2924. [PMID: 33763869 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme events such as drought and heatwaves are among the biggest challenges to agricultural production and food security. However, the effects of cropping systems on drought resistance of arable crops via their hydraulic behaviour remain unclear. We investigated how hydraulic traits of a field-grown pea-barley (Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture were affected by different cropping systems, that is, organic and conventional farming with intensive or conservation tillage. Xylem vulnerability to cavitation of both species was estimated by measuring the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 ), while the water stress plants experienced in the field were assessed using native percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (nPLC). Pea and barley showed contrasting hydraulic behaviours: pea was less vulnerable to xylem cavitation and less stressed than barley; cropping systems affected the xylem vulnerability of barley, but not of pea. Barley grown under conventional farming with no tillage was more vulnerable and stressed than under organic farming with intensive tillage. nPLC proved to be a valuable indicator for plant water stress. Our results highlight the impact of cropping systems on crop xylem vulnerability and drought resistance, thus plant hydraulic traits, for protecting food security under future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Gilgen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constant Signarbieux
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Ecological Systems Laboratory (ECOS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Oelmann Y, Lange M, Leimer S, Roscher C, Aburto F, Alt F, Bange N, Berner D, Boch S, Boeddinghaus RS, Buscot F, Dassen S, De Deyn G, Eisenhauer N, Gleixner G, Goldmann K, Hölzel N, Jochum M, Kandeler E, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Le Provost G, Manning P, Marhan S, Prati D, Schäfer D, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Schurig E, Wagg C, Wubet T, Wilcke W. Above- and belowground biodiversity jointly tighten the P cycle in agricultural grasslands. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4431. [PMID: 34290234 PMCID: PMC8295381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments showed that biodiversity increases grassland productivity and nutrient exploitation, potentially reducing fertiliser needs. Enhancing biodiversity could improve P-use efficiency of grasslands, which is beneficial given that rock-derived P fertilisers are expected to become scarce in the future. Here, we show in a biodiversity experiment that more diverse plant communities were able to exploit P resources more completely than less diverse ones. In the agricultural grasslands that we studied, management effects either overruled or modified the driving role of plant diversity observed in the biodiversity experiment. Nevertheless, we show that greater above- (plants) and belowground (mycorrhizal fungi) biodiversity contributed to tightening the P cycle in agricultural grasslands, as reduced management intensity and the associated increased biodiversity fostered the exploitation of P resources. Our results demonstrate that promoting a high above- and belowground biodiversity has ecological (biodiversity protection) and economical (fertiliser savings) benefits. Such win-win situations for farmers and biodiversity are crucial to convince farmers of the benefits of biodiversity and thus counteract global biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Oelmann
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Lange
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophia Leimer
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felipe Aburto
- grid.5380.e0000 0001 2298 9663LISAB, Dep. Silvicultura, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fabian Alt
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Bange
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doreen Berner
- grid.9464.f0000 0001 2290 1502Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Runa S. Boeddinghaus
- grid.9464.f0000 0001 2290 1502Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Soil Ecology Department, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Dassen
- grid.418375.c0000 0001 1013 0288Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlinde De Deyn
- grid.418375.c0000 0001 1013 0288Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Department of Environmental Sciences, Soil Biology, University of Wageningen, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Soil Ecology Department, Halle, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- grid.9464.f0000 0001 2290 1502Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Valentin H. Klaus
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Gaëtane Le Provost
- grid.507705.0Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- grid.507705.0Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- grid.9464.f0000 0001 2290 1502Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Schäfer
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schurig
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Geoecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cameron Wagg
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland ,grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Fredericton Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB Canada
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Community Ecology Department, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Le Provost G, Thiele J, Westphal C, Penone C, Allan E, Neyret M, van der Plas F, Ayasse M, Bardgett RD, Birkhofer K, Boch S, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Feldhaar H, Gaulton R, Goldmann K, Gossner MM, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Krauss J, Renner S, Scherreiks P, Sikorski J, Baulechner D, Blüthgen N, Bolliger R, Börschig C, Busch V, Chisté M, Fiore-Donno AM, Fischer M, Arndt H, Hoelzel N, John K, Jung K, Lange M, Marzini C, Overmann J, Paŝalić E, Perović DJ, Prati D, Schäfer D, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Sonnemann I, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tschapka M, Türke M, Vogt J, Wehner K, Weiner C, Weisser W, Wells K, Werner M, Wolters V, Wubet T, Wurst S, Zaitsev AS, Manning P. Contrasting responses of above- and belowground diversity to multiple components of land-use intensity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3918. [PMID: 34168127 PMCID: PMC8225671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. However, understanding how different components of land use drive biodiversity loss requires the investigation of multiple trophic levels across spatial scales. Using data from 150 agricultural grasslands in central Europe, we assess the influence of multiple components of local- and landscape-level land use on more than 4,000 above- and belowground taxa, spanning 20 trophic groups. Plot-level land-use intensity is strongly and negatively associated with aboveground trophic groups, but positively or not associated with belowground trophic groups. Meanwhile, both above- and belowground trophic groups respond to landscape-level land use, but to different drivers: aboveground diversity of grasslands is promoted by diverse surrounding land-cover, while belowground diversity is positively related to a high permanent forest cover in the surrounding landscape. These results highlight a role of landscape-level land use in shaping belowground communities, and suggest that revised agroecosystem management strategies are needed to conserve whole-ecosystem biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Le Provost
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Jan Thiele
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservations Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Francois Buscot
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rachel Gaulton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 16, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 2, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Department of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Swen Renner
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservations Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Ornithology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Baulechner
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralph Bolliger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Börschig
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Busch
- Department of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Melanie Chisté
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Köln (Cologne), Germany
| | - Norbert Hoelzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Markus Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlo Marzini
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Paŝalić
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - David J Perović
- DPI Agriculture, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australian Cotton Research Institute, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Schäfer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ilja Sonnemann
- Institute of Biology, Functional Biodiversity, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservations Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Vogt
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Katja Wehner
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christiane Weiner
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Konstans Wells
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Michael Werner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Institute of Biology, Functional Biodiversity, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
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Freitag M, Klaus VH, Bolliger R, Hamer U, Kleinebecker T, Prati D, Schäfer D, Hölzel N. Restoration of plant diversity in permanent grassland by seeding: Assessing the limiting factors along land‐use gradients. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Freitag
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | | | - Ralph Bolliger
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Department of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management Justus Liebig University Gießen Gießen Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
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13
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Neff F, Brändle M, Ambarlı D, Ammer C, Bauhus J, Boch S, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Prati D, Schall P, Schäfer D, Schulze ED, Seibold S, Simons NK, Weisser WW, Pellissier L, Gossner MM. Changes in plant-herbivore network structure and robustness along land-use intensity gradients in grasslands and forests. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/20/eabf3985. [PMID: 33990326 PMCID: PMC8121428 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Land-use intensification poses major threats to biodiversity, such as to insect herbivore communities. The stability of these communities depends on interactions linking herbivores and host plants. How interaction network structure begets robustness, and thus stability, in different ecosystems and how network structure and robustness are altered along land-use intensity gradients are unclear. We analyzed plant-herbivore networks based on literature-derived interactions and long-term sampling from 289 grasslands and forests in three regions of Germany. Network size and nestedness were the most important determinants of network robustness in both ecosystems. Along land-use intensity gradients, networks in moderately grazed grasslands were more robust than in those managed by frequent mowing or fertilization. In forests, changes of network robustness along land-use intensity gradients relied on changes in plant species richness. Our results expand our knowledge of the stability of plant-herbivore networks and indicate options for management aimed at stabilizing herbivore communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Neff
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Brändle
- Division of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Didem Ambarlı
- Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Ecosystem Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Deborah Schäfer
- Botanical Garden of the University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst-Detlef Schulze
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management in Mountain Landscapes, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Landscape Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Felipe-Lucia MR, Soliveres S, Penone C, Fischer M, Ammer C, Boch S, Boeddinghaus RS, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Fiore-Donno AM, Frank K, Goldmann K, Gossner MM, Hölzel N, Jochum M, Kandeler E, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Leimer S, Manning P, Oelmann Y, Saiz H, Schall P, Schloter M, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Solly EF, Stempfhuber B, Weisser WW, Wilcke W, Wubet T, Allan E. Land-use intensity alters networks between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28140-28149. [PMID: 33093203 PMCID: PMC7668166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016210117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use intensification can increase provisioning ecosystem services, such as food and timber production, but it also drives changes in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity loss, which may ultimately compromise human wellbeing. To understand how changes in land-use intensity affect the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services, we built networks from correlations between the species richness of 16 trophic groups, 10 ecosystem functions, and 15 ecosystem services. We evaluated how the properties of these networks varied across land-use intensity gradients for 150 forests and 150 grasslands. Land-use intensity significantly affected network structure in both habitats. Changes in connectance were larger in forests, while changes in modularity and evenness were more evident in grasslands. Our results show that increasing land-use intensity leads to more homogeneous networks with less integration within modules in both habitats, driven by the belowground compartment in grasslands, while forest responses to land management were more complex. Land-use intensity strongly altered hub identity and module composition in both habitats, showing that the positive correlations of provisioning services with biodiversity and ecosystem functions found at low land-use intensity levels, decline at higher intensity levels. Our approach provides a comprehensive view of the relationships between multiple components of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services and how they respond to land use. This can be used to identify overall changes in the ecosystem, to derive mechanistic hypotheses, and it can be readily applied to further global change drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Felipe-Lucia
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Ecosystem Services, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
- Research Unit Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Runa S Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kevin Frank
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Soil Ecology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Research Unit Forest Health and Biotic Interactions, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- Department of Ecosystem Services, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sophia Leimer
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Research Group Community Ecology and Macroecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Emily F Solly
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Stempfhuber
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Ecosystem Services, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Jochum M, Fischer M, Isbell F, Roscher C, van der Plas F, Boch S, Boenisch G, Buchmann N, Catford JA, Cavender-Bares J, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Gleixner G, Hölzel N, Kattge J, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Lange M, Le Provost G, Meyer ST, Molina-Venegas R, Mommer L, Oelmann Y, Penone C, Prati D, Reich PB, Rindisbacher A, Schäfer D, Scheu S, Schmid B, Tilman D, Tscharntke T, Vogel A, Wagg C, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wilcke W, Manning P. The results of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments are realistic. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1485-1494. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Klaus VH, Friedritz L, Hamer U, Kleinebecker T. Drought boosts risk of nitrate leaching from grassland fertilisation. Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:137877. [PMID: 32481225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both climate change and agricultural intensification are drivers of global nutrient cycles and biodiversity loss. A potentially great environmental threat can arise when these two drivers interact, for example, when farmers try to compensate reduced soil nutrient availability due to drought by the application of liquid organic fertiliser. As dry soils don't hold back nutrients very well, this approach can lead to nitrate leaching and potentially also to the pollution of drinking water. However, little is known about leaching from dry but fertilised grassland soil, and how this is affected by land use intensity and plant diversity. In this mesocosm study, we transferred 60 grassland sods differing in past land use intensity to a greenhouse and treated them with severe drought, fertilisation and both together. Drought was induced by almost entirely stopping irrigation for seven weeks. Fertilisation was done by three applications of slurry summing up to 168 kg total nitrogen per hectare (111 kg NH4-N). We assessed nutrient leaching risk with ion-exchange resin (IER) bags installed in the soil of all mesocosms. IER bags were retrieved after drought and extracts were analysed for concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and potassium. Fertilisation partially buffered drought-induced losses in yield. However, the interaction of fertilisation and drought resulted in a drastic increase in nitrate leaching risk when soils are rewetted (>300%), while neither drought nor fertilisation alone were significant. Ammonium concentrations followed the same trend as nitrate, but less pronounced. Phosphate and potassium concentrations were not affected by the treatments. Past land use was hardly related to soil nutrient concentrations, rather was plant diversity. However, results indicate that plant diversity was not driving nitrate and ammonium concentrations under drought and/or fertilisation. This study reveals grassland fertilisation during drought to be a severe environmental problem due to significantly increased nitrate leaching risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr, 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr, 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Lennart Friedritz
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr, 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr, 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr, 2, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, University of Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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18
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Pichon NA, Cappelli SL, Soliveres S, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Allan E. Decomposition disentangled: A test of the multiple mechanisms by which nitrogen enrichment alters litter decomposition. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Santiago Soliveres
- Department of Ecology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies ‘Ramón Margalef’ University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | | | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management Justus‐Liebig‐University Gießen Giessen Germany
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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Fischer LK, Neuenkamp L, Lampinen J, Tuomi M, Alday JG, Bucharova A, Cancellieri L, Casado‐Arzuaga I, Čeplová N, Cerveró L, Deák B, Eriksson O, Fellowes MDE, Fernández de Manuel B, Filibeck G, González‐Guzmán A, Hinojosa MB, Kowarik I, Lumbierres B, Miguel A, Pardo R, Pons X, Rodríguez‐García E, Schröder R, Gaia Sperandii M, Unterweger P, Valkó O, Vázquez V, Klaus VH. Public attitudes toward biodiversity‐friendly greenspace management in Europe. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K. Fischer
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Ecosystem Science/Plant EcologyTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
- Institute of Landscape Planning and EcologyUniversity of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Lena Neuenkamp
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Earth ScienceUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | | | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Josu G. Alday
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida Lleida Spain
- Joint Reseach Unit CTFC—AGROTECNIO Lleida Spain
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität TübingenInstitute of Evolution and Ecology Tübingen Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterInstitute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Laura Cancellieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE)University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Izaskun Casado‐Arzuaga
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bizkaia Spain
| | - Natálie Čeplová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of EducationMasaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lluïsa Cerveró
- Estudi TALP (Territori Arquitectura i Laboratori de Paisatge) Valencia Spain
| | - Balázs Deák
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and Botany MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mark D. E. Fellowes
- People and Wildlife Research Group, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading Reading Berkshire UK
| | | | - Goffredo Filibeck
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE)University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | | | - M. Belen Hinojosa
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Ecosystem Science/Plant EcologyTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Belén Lumbierres
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Ana Miguel
- Estudi TALP (Territori Arquitectura i Laboratori de Paisatge) Valencia Spain
| | - Rosa Pardo
- Estudi TALP (Territori Arquitectura i Laboratori de Paisatge) Valencia Spain
| | - Xavier Pons
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Encarna Rodríguez‐García
- Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible, Universidad de Valladolid Palencia Spain
- ALEB (Active Learning in Ecology and Biotechnology) El Siscar (Santomera) Murcia Spain
| | - Roland Schröder
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape ArchitectureOsnabrück University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück Germany
| | | | | | - Orsolya Valkó
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and Botany MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Víctor Vázquez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Málaga Málaga Spain
- Department of Research and DevelopmentCoccosphere Environmental Analysis Málaga Spain
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20
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Vogt J, Klaus VH, Both S, Fürstenau C, Gockel S, Gossner MM, Heinze J, Hemp A, Hölzel N, Jung K, Kleinebecker T, Lauterbach R, Lorenzen K, Ostrowski A, Otto N, Prati D, Renner S, Schumacher U, Seibold S, Simons N, Steitz I, Teuscher M, Thiele J, Weithmann S, Wells K, Wiesner K, Ayasse M, Blüthgen N, Fischer M, Weisser WW. Eleven years' data of grassland management in Germany. Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e36387. [PMID: 31598068 PMCID: PMC6778154 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e36387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 150 grassland plots were located in three study regions in Germany, 50 in each region. The dataset describes the yearly grassland management for each grassland plot using 116 variables. General information includes plot identifier, study region and survey year. Additionally, grassland plot characteristics describe the presence and starting year of drainage and whether arable farming had taken place 25 years before our assessment, i.e. between 1981 and 2006. In each year, the size of the management unit is given which, in some cases, changed slightly across years. Mowing, grazing and fertilisation were systematically surveyed: Mowing is characterised by mowing frequency (i.e. number of cuts per year), dates of cutting and different technical variables, such as type of machine used or usage of conditioner. For grazing, the livestock species and age (e.g. cattle, horse, sheep), the number of animals, stocking density per hectare and total duration of grazing were recorded. As a derived variable, the mean grazing intensity was then calculated by multiplying the livestock units with the duration of grazing per hectare [LSU days/ha]. Different grazing periods during a year, partly involving different herds, were summed up to an annual grazing intensity for each grassland. For fertilisation, information on the type and amount of different types of fertilisers was recorded separately for mineral and organic fertilisers, such as solid farmland manure, slurry and mash from a bioethanol factory. Our fertilisation measures neglect dung dropped by livestock during grazing. For each type of fertiliser, we calculated its total nitrogen content, derived from chemical analyses by the producer or agricultural guidelines (Table 3). All three management types, mowing, fertilisation and grazing, were used to calculate a combined land use intensity index (LUI) which is frequently used to define a measure for the land use intensity. Here, fertilisation is expressed as total nitrogen per hectare [kg N/ha], but does not consider potassium and phosphorus. Information on additional management practices in grasslands was also recorded including levelling, to tear-up matted grass covers, rolling, to remove surface irregularities, seed addition, to close gaps in the sward. New information Investigating the relationship between human land use and biodiversity is important to understand if and how humans affect it through the way they manage the land and to develop sustainable land use strategies. Quantifying land use (the ‘X’ in such graphs) can be difficult as humans manage land using a multitude of actions, all of which may affect biodiversity, yet most studies use rather simple measures of land use, for example, by creating land use categories such as conventional vs. organic agriculture. Here, we provide detailed data on grassland management to allow for detailed analyses and the development of land use theory. The raw data have already been used for > 100 papers on the effect of management on biodiversity (e.g. Manning et al. 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Vogt
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Münster, Germany Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany.,ETH Zürich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zürich, Switzerland ETH Zürich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Zürich Switzerland
| | - Steffen Both
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Fresing, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Fresing Germany.,Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Halle, Germany Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften Halle Germany
| | - Cornelia Fürstenau
- Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Institute for Computer Science, Heinz Nixdorf Chair for Distributed Information Systems, Jena, Germany Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Institute for Computer Science, Heinz Nixdorf Chair for Distributed Information Systems Jena Germany
| | - Sonja Gockel
- Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Institute of Ecology, Jena, Germany Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Institute of Ecology Jena Germany.,ThüringenForst, Forstliches Forschungs- und Kompetenzzentrum Gotha, Gotha, Germany ThüringenForst, Forstliches Forschungs- und Kompetenzzentrum Gotha Gotha Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Entomology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Entomology Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Johannes Heinze
- Universität Potsdam, Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany Universität Potsdam, Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Potsdam Germany
| | - Andreas Hemp
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Systematics, Bayreuth, Germany University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Systematics Bayreuth Germany
| | - Nobert Hölzel
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Münster, Germany Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, Ulm, Germany University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology Ulm Germany
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, nstitute of Landscape Ecology, Münster, Germany Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, nstitute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany.,Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Gießen, Germany Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management Gießen Germany
| | - Ralf Lauterbach
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, Ulm, Germany University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology Ulm Germany
| | - Katrin Lorenzen
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany
| | - Andreas Ostrowski
- Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Institute for Computer Science, Heinz Nixdorf Chair for Distributed Information Systems, Jena, Germany Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Institute for Computer Science, Heinz Nixdorf Chair for Distributed Information Systems Jena Germany
| | - Niclas Otto
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Science, Department of Biology, Bern, Switzerland University of Bern, Institute of Plant Science, Department of Biology Bern Switzerland
| | - Swen Renner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU, Institute of Zoology, Vienna, Austria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU, Institute of Zoology Vienna Austria
| | - Uta Schumacher
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F, Frankfurt, Germany Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F Frankfurt Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany
| | - Nadja Simons
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany.,University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks, Darmstadt, Germany University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks Darmstadt Germany
| | - Iris Steitz
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, Ulm, Germany University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology Ulm Germany
| | - Miriam Teuscher
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F, Frankfurt, Germany Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F Frankfurt Germany
| | - Jan Thiele
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute for Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute for Biodiversity Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sandra Weithmann
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, Ulm, Germany University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology Ulm Germany
| | - Konstans Wells
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Biosciences, Adelaide, Australia The University of Adelaide, Department of Biosciences Adelaide Australia.,University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, Ulm, Georgia University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology Ulm Georgia
| | - Kerstin Wiesner
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology, Ulm, Germany University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology Ulm Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks, Darmstadt, Germany University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Universität Bern, Institute of Plant Science, Department of Biology, Bern, Germany Universität Bern, Institute of Plant Science, Department of Biology Bern Germany.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F, Frankfurt, Germany Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F Frankfurt Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Freising Germany
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21
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Plas F, Allan E, Fischer M, Alt F, Arndt H, Binkenstein J, Blaser S, Blüthgen N, Böhm S, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Morris K, Oelmann Y, Prati D, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schaefer HM, Schloter M, Schmitt B, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Solly EF, Sorkau E, Steckel J, Steffan‐Dewenter I, Stempfhuber B, Tschapka M, Weiner CN, Weisser WW, Werner M, Westphal C, Wilcke W, Manning P. Towards the development of general rules describing landscape heterogeneity–multifunctionality relationships. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Busch V, Klaus VH, Penone C, Schäfer D, Boch S, Prati D, Müller J, Socher SA, Niinemets Ü, Peñuelas J, Hölzel N, Fischer M, Kleinebecker T. Nutrient stoichiometry and land use rather than species richness determine plant functional diversity. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:601-616. [PMID: 29321897 PMCID: PMC5756835 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant functional traits reflect individual and community ecological strategies. They allow the detection of directional changes in community dynamics and ecosystemic processes, being an additional tool to assess biodiversity than species richness. Analysis of functional patterns in plant communities provides mechanistic insight into biodiversity alterations due to anthropogenic activity. Although studies have consi-dered of either anthropogenic management or nutrient availability on functional traits in temperate grasslands, studies combining effects of both drivers are scarce. Here, we assessed the impacts of management intensity (fertilization, mowing, grazing), nutrient stoichiometry (C, N, P, K), and vegetation composition on community-weighted means (CWMs) and functional diversity (Rao's Q) from seven plant traits in 150 grasslands in three regions in Germany, using data of 6 years. Land use and nutrient stoichiometry accounted for larger proportions of model variance of CWM and Rao's Q than species richness and productivity. Grazing affected all analyzed trait groups; fertilization and mowing only impacted generative traits. Grazing was clearly associated with nutrient retention strategies, that is, investing in durable structures and production of fewer, less variable seed. Phenological variability was increased. Fertilization and mowing decreased seed number/mass variability, indicating competition-related effects. Impacts of nutrient stoichiometry on trait syndromes varied. Nutrient limitation (large N:P, C:N ratios) promoted species with conservative strategies, that is, investment in durable plant structures rather than fast growth, fewer seed, and delayed flowering onset. In contrast to seed mass, leaf-economics variability was reduced under P shortage. Species diversity was positively associated with the variability of generative traits. Synthesis. Here, land use, nutrient availability, species richness, and plant functional strategies have been shown to interact complexly, driving community composition, and vegetation responses to management intensity. We suggest that deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping community assembly and biodiversity will require analyzing all these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Busch
- Institute for Landscape EcologyWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMuensterGermany
| | - Valentin H. Klaus
- Institute for Landscape EcologyWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMuensterGermany
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Grassland SciencesETZ ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Deborah Schäfer
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jörg Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant PhysiologyEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSICUniversidad Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute for Landscape EcologyWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMuensterGermany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape EcologyWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMuensterGermany
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23
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Klaus VH, Hoever CJ, Fischer M, Hamer U, Kleinebecker T, Mertens D, Schäfer D, Prati D, Hölzel N. Contribution of the soil seed bank to the restoration of temperate grasslands by mechanical sward disturbance. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H. Klaus
- Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster; Germany
| | - Christina J. Hoever
- Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster; Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences; University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013; Bern Switzerland
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster; Germany
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster; Germany
| | - Désirée Mertens
- Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster; Germany
| | - Deborah Schäfer
- Institute of Plant Sciences; University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013; Bern Switzerland
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences; University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013; Bern Switzerland
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster; Germany
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24
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Soliveres S, Manning P, Prati D, Gossner MM, Alt F, Arndt H, Baumgartner V, Binkenstein J, Birkhofer K, Blaser S, Blüthgen N, Boch S, Böhm S, Börschig C, Buscot F, Diekötter T, Heinze J, Hölzel N, Jung K, Klaus VH, Klein AM, Kleinebecker T, Klemmer S, Krauss J, Lange M, Morris EK, Müller J, Oelmann Y, Overmann J, Pašalić E, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schaefer HM, Schloter M, Schmitt B, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Sikorski J, Socher SA, Solly EF, Sonnemann I, Sorkau E, Steckel J, Steffan-Dewenter I, Stempfhuber B, Tschapka M, Türke M, Venter P, Weiner CN, Weisser WW, Werner M, Westphal C, Wilcke W, Wolters V, Wubet T, Wurst S, Fischer M, Allan E. Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0269. [PMID: 27114572 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity-multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land-use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community-level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species-specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Soliveres
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Peter Manning
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Fabian Alt
- Geocology, University of Tuebingen, Ruemelinstr. 19-23, Tuebingen 72070, Germany
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Department of General Ecology, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Vanessa Baumgartner
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Julia Binkenstein
- Institute for Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Blaser
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Böhm
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Carmen Börschig
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Francois Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Heinze
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Sandra Klemmer
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Markus Lange
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - E Kathryn Morris
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA Institut für Biologie Funktionelle Biodiversität, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geocology, University of Tuebingen, Ruemelinstr. 19-23, Tuebingen 72070, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Esther Pašalić
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Swen C Renner
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie Funktionelle Biodiversität, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin 14195, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - H Martin Schaefer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, Freiburg i. Br 79104, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Oberschleissheim 85758, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmitt
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Universität Salzburg, Kapitelgasse, Salzburg 4-65020, Austria
| | - Emily F Solly
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Ilja Sonnemann
- Institut für Biologie Funktionelle Biodiversität, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sorkau
- Geocology, University of Tuebingen, Ruemelinstr. 19-23, Tuebingen 72070, Germany
| | - Juliane Steckel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Barbara Stempfhuber
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Oberschleissheim 85758, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Paul Venter
- Department of General Ecology, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Christiane N Weiner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Michael Werner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Institute of Biology, Functional Biodiversity, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
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25
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Hejkal J, Buttschardt TK, Klaus VH. Connectivity of public urban grasslands: implications for grassland conservation and restoration in cities. Urban Ecosyst 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-016-0611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Klaus VH, Hölzel N, Prati D, Schmitt B, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Solly EF, Hänsel F, Fischer M, Kleinebecker T. Plant diversity moderates drought stress in grasslands: Implications from a large real-world study on (13)C natural abundances. Sci Total Environ 2016; 566-567:215-222. [PMID: 27220098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change and intensification play a key role in the current biodiversity crisis. The resulting species loss can have severe effects on ecosystem functions and services, thereby increasing ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. We explored whether land-use intensification (i.e. fertilization intensity), plant diversity and other potentially confounding environmental factors may be significantly related to water use (i.e. drought stress) of grassland plants. Drought stress was assessed using δ(13)C abundances in aboveground plant biomass of 150 grassland plots across a gradient of land-use intensity. Under water shortage, plants are forced to increasingly take up the heavier (13)C due to closing stomata leading to an enrichment of (13)C in biomass. Plants were sampled at the community level and for single species, which belong to three different functional groups (one grass, one herb, two legumes). Results show that plant diversity was significantly related to the δ(13)C signal in community, grass and legume biomass indicating that drought stress was lower under higher diversity, although this relation was not significant for the herb species under study. Fertilization, in turn, mostly increased drought stress as indicated by more positive δ(13)C values. This effect was mostly indirect by decreasing plant diversity. In line with these results, we found similar patterns in the δ(13)C signal of the organic matter in the topsoil, indicating a long history of these processes. Our study provided strong indication for a positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship with reduced drought stress at higher plant diversity. However, it also underlined a negative reinforcing situation: as land-use intensification decreases plant diversity in grasslands, this might subsequently increases drought sensitivity. Vice-versa, enhancing plant diversity in species-poor agricultural grasslands may moderate negative effects of future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H Klaus
- Münster University, Institute for Landscape Ecology, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Münster University, Institute for Landscape Ecology, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Schmitt
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Emily F Solly
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Hänsel
- University Marburg, Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, Deutschhausstr. 12, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Münster University, Institute for Landscape Ecology, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
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27
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Blüthgen N, Simons NK, Jung K, Prati D, Renner SC, Boch S, Fischer M, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Tschapka M, Weisser WW, Gossner MM. Land use imperils plant and animal community stability through changes in asynchrony rather than diversity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10697. [PMID: 26869180 PMCID: PMC4754335 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human land use may detrimentally affect biodiversity, yet long-term stability of species communities is vital for maintaining ecosystem functioning. Community stability can be achieved by higher species diversity (portfolio effect), higher asynchrony across species (insurance hypothesis) and higher abundance of populations. However, the relative importance of these stabilizing pathways and whether they interact with land use in real-world ecosystems is unknown. We monitored inter-annual fluctuations of 2,671 plant, arthropod, bird and bat species in 300 sites from three regions. Arthropods show 2.0-fold and birds 3.7-fold higher community fluctuations in grasslands than in forests, suggesting a negative impact of forest conversion. Land-use intensity in forests has a negative net impact on stability of bats and in grasslands on birds. Our findings demonstrate that asynchrony across species--much more than species diversity alone--is the main driver of variation in stability across sites and requires more attention in sustainable management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Blüthgen
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Swen C Renner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute at the National Zoological Park, Front Royal 22630, Virginia, USA
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH 3013 Bern, Switzerland.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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28
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Allan E, Manning P, Alt F, Binkenstein J, Blaser S, Blüthgen N, Böhm S, Grassein F, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Morris EK, Oelmann Y, Prati D, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schaefer M, Schloter M, Schmitt B, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Solly E, Sorkau E, Steckel J, Steffen-Dewenter I, Stempfhuber B, Tschapka M, Weiner CN, Weisser WW, Werner M, Westphal C, Wilcke W, Fischer M. Land use intensification alters ecosystem multifunctionality via loss of biodiversity and changes to functional composition. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:834-843. [PMID: 26096863 PMCID: PMC4744976 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Global change, especially land‐use intensification, affects human well‐being by impacting the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real‐world ecosystems, as in experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land‐use intensity. We also introduce five multifunctionality measures in which ecosystem services were weighted according to realistic land‐use objectives. We found that indirect land‐use effects, i.e. those mediated by biodiversity loss and by changes to functional composition, were as strong as direct effects on average. Their strength varied with land‐use objectives and regional context. Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land‐use objectives favoured supporting and cultural services. In contrast, functional composition shifts, towards fast‐growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pete Manning
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Alt
- Geocology, University of Tuebingen, Ruemelinstr. 19-23, 72070, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Binkenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104, Freiburg i. Br, Germany
| | - Stefan Blaser
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Böhm
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabrice Grassein
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - E Kathryn Morris
- Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geocology, University of Tuebingen, Ruemelinstr. 19-23, 72070, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Swen C Renner
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Center at the National Zoological Park, Front Royal, 1500 Remount Road, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Plant Ecology, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schaefer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104, Freiburg i. Br, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85758, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmitt
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Emily Solly
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sorkau
- Geocology, University of Tuebingen, Ruemelinstr. 19-23, 72070, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Steckel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97974, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffen-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97974, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Stempfhuber
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Environmental Genomics, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Panama
| | - Christiane N Weiner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97974, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.,Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Werner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97974, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Geographic Institute, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany.,Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany
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29
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Manning P, Gossner MM, Bossdorf O, Allan E, Zhang YY, Prati D, Blüthgen N, Boch S, Böhm S, Börschig C, Hölzel N, Jung K, Klaus VH, Klein AM, Kleinebecker T, Krauss J, Lange M, Müller J, Pašalić E, Socher SA, Tschapka M, Türke M, Weiner C, Werner M, Gockel S, Hemp A, Renner SC, Wells K, Buscot F, Kalko EKV, Linsenmair KE, Weisser WW, Fischer M. Grassland management intensification weakens the associations among the diversities of multiple plant and animal taxa. Ecology 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1307.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Klaus VH, Hölzel N, Prati D, Schmitt B, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Fischer M, Kleinebecker T. Organic vs. conventional grassland management: do (15)N and (13)C isotopic signatures of hay and soil samples differ? PLoS One 2013; 8:e78134. [PMID: 24205126 PMCID: PMC3808290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing organic and conventional products is a major issue of food security and authenticity. Previous studies successfully used stable isotopes to separate organic and conventional products, but up to now, this approach was not tested for organic grassland hay and soil. Moreover, isotopic abundances could be a powerful tool to elucidate differences in ecosystem functioning and driving mechanisms of element cycling in organic and conventional management systems. Here, we studied the δ15N and δ13C isotopic composition of soil and hay samples of 21 organic and 34 conventional grasslands in two German regions. We also used Δδ15N (δ15N plant - δ15N soil) to characterize nitrogen dynamics. In order to detect temporal trends, isotopic abundances in organic grasslands were related to the time since certification. Furthermore, discriminant analysis was used to test whether the respective management type can be deduced from observed isotopic abundances. Isotopic analyses revealed no significant differences in δ13C in hay and δ15N in both soil and hay between management types, but showed that δ13C abundances were significantly lower in soil of organic compared to conventional grasslands. Δδ15N values implied that management types did not substantially differ in nitrogen cycling. Only δ13C in soil and hay showed significant negative relationships with the time since certification. Thus, our result suggest that organic grasslands suffered less from drought stress compared to conventional grasslands most likely due to a benefit of higher plant species richness, as previously shown by manipulative biodiversity experiments. Finally, it was possible to correctly classify about two third of the samples according to their management using isotopic abundances in soil and hay. However, as more than half of the organic samples were incorrectly classified, we infer that more research is needed to improve this approach before it can be efficiently used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H. Klaus
- University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Prati
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Schmitt
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Münster, Germany
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H. Klaus
- Institute of Landscape Ecology; Universität Münster; Robert-Koch-Straße 28 48149 Münster Germany
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32
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Müller J, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Prati D, Hölzel N, Fischer M. Impact of land-use intensity and productivity on bryophyte diversity in agricultural grasslands. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51520. [PMID: 23251563 PMCID: PMC3520803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While bryophytes greatly contribute to plant diversity of semi-natural grasslands, little is known about the relationships between land-use intensity, productivity, and bryophyte diversity in these habitats. We recorded vascular plant and bryophyte vegetation in 85 agricultural used grasslands in two regions in northern and central Germany and gathered information on land-use intensity. To assess grassland productivity, we harvested aboveground vascular plant biomass and analyzed nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Further we calculated mean Ellenberg indicator values of vascular plant vegetation. We tested for effects of land-use intensity and productivity on total bryophyte species richness and on the species richness of acrocarpous (small & erect) and pleurocarpous (creeping, including liverworts) growth forms separately. Bryophyte species were found in almost all studied grasslands, but species richness differed considerably between study regions in northern Germany (2.8 species per 16 m(2)) and central Germany (6.4 species per 16 m(2)) due environmental differences as well as land-use history. Increased fertilizer application, coinciding with high mowing frequency, reduced bryophyte species richness significantly. Accordingly, productivity estimates such as plant biomass and nitrogen concentration were strongly negatively related to bryophyte species richness, although productivity decreased only pleurocarpous species. Ellenberg indicator values for nutrients proved to be useful indicators of species richness and productivity. In conclusion, bryophyte composition was strongly dependent on productivity, with smaller bryophytes that were likely negatively affected by greater competition for light. Intensive land-use, however, can also indirectly decrease bryophyte species richness by promoting grassland productivity. Thus, increasing productivity is likely to cause a loss of bryophyte species and a decrease in species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany.
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