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Choi YJ, Geem KR, Kim J, Lee DW. Differential contributions of two domains of NAI2 to the formation of the endoplasmic reticulum body. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1184678. [PMID: 37346116 PMCID: PMC10279885 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves essential functions in eukaryotic cells, including protein folding, transport of secretory proteins, and lipid synthesis. The ER is a highly dynamic organelle that generates various types of compartments. Among them, the ER body is specifically present in plants in the Brassicaceae family and plays a crucial role in chemical defense against pathogens. The NAI2 protein is essential for ER body formation, and its ectopic overexpression is sufficient to induce ER body formation even in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, where the ER body does not naturally exist. Despite the significance of NAI2 in ER body formation, the mechanism whereby NAI2 mediates ER body formation is not fully clear. This study aimed to investigate how two domains of Arabidopsis NAI2, the Glu-Phe-Glu (EFE) domain (ED) and the NAI2 domain (ND), contribute to ER body formation in N. benthamiana leaves. Using co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we found that the ND is critical for homomeric interaction of NAI2 and ER body formation. Moreover, deletion of ED induced the formation of enlarged ER bodies, suggesting that ED plays a regulatory role during ER body formation. Our results indicate that the two domains of NAI2 cooperate to induce ER body formation in a balanced manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Rok Geem
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitae Kim
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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2
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Toyooka K, Goto Y, Hashimoto K, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Hirai MY. Endoplasmic Reticulum Bodies in the Lateral Root Cap Are Involved in the Direct Transport of Beta-Glucosidase to Vacuoles. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:461-473. [PMID: 36617247 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) in lateral root caps (LRCs) is crucial for maintaining root cap functionality. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies play important roles in plant immunity and PCD. However, the distribution of ER bodies and their communication with vacuoles in the LRC remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of LRC cells of wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis lines using an auto-acquisition transmission electron microscope (TEM) system and high-pressure freezing. Gigapixel-scale high-resolution TEM imaging of the transverse and longitudinal sections of roots followed by three-dimensional imaging identified sausage-shaped structures budding from the ER. These were subsequently identified as ER bodies using GFPh transgenic lines expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused with an ER retention signal (HDEL). Immunogold labeling using an anti-GFP antibody detected GFP signals in the ER bodies and vacuoles. The fusion of ER bodies with vacuoles in LRC cells was identified using correlative light and electron microscopy. Imaging of the root tips of a GFPh transgenic line with a PYK10 promoter revealed the localization of PYK10, a member of the β-glucosidase family with an ER retention signal, in the ER bodies in the inner layer along with a fusion of ER bodies with vacuoles in the middle layer and collapse of vacuoles in the outer layer of the LRC. These findings suggest that ER bodies in LRC directly transport β-glucosidases to the vacuoles, and that a subsequent vacuolar collapse triggered by an unknown mechanism releases protective substances to the growing root tip to protect it from the invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yumi Goto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kei Hashimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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3
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Li X, Li X, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. Specialized endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles in plants: Functional diversity, evolution, and biotechnological exploitation. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:821-835. [PMID: 35142108 PMCID: PMC9314129 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A central role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the synthesis, folding and quality control of secretory proteins. Secretory proteins usually exit the ER to enter the Golgi apparatus in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles before transport to different subcellular destinations. However, in plants there are specialized ER-derived vesicles (ERDVs) that carry specific proteins but, unlike COPII vesicles, can exist as independent organelles or travel to the vacuole in a Golgi-independent manner. These specialized ERDVs include protein bodies and precursor-accumulating vesicles that accumulate storage proteins in the endosperm during seed development. Specialized ERDVs also include precursor protease vesicles that accumulate amino acid sequence KDEL-tailed cysteine proteases and ER bodies in Brassicales plants that accumulate myrosinases that hydrolyzes glucosinolates. These functionally specialized ERDVs act not only as storage organelles but also as platforms for signal-triggered processing, activation and deployment of specific proteins with important roles in plant growth, development and adaptive responses. Some specialized ERDVs have also been exploited to increase production of recombinant proteins and metabolites. Here we discuss our current understanding of the functional diversity, evolutionary mechanisms and biotechnological application of specialized ERDVs, which are associated with some of the highly remarkable characteristics important to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Li
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette47907‐2054INUSA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette47907‐2054INUSA
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4
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Sarkar S, Stefanik N, Kunieda T, Hara-Nishimura I, Yamada K. The Arabidopsis transcription factor NAI1 activates the NAI2 promoter by binding to the G-box motifs. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1846928. [PMID: 33315514 PMCID: PMC7849731 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1846928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassicaceae plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, develop endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived structures called ER bodies, which are involved in chemical defense against herbivores. NAI1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) type transcription factor that regulates two downstream genes, NAI2 and BGLU23, that are responsible for the ER body formation and function. Here, we examined the transcription factor function of NAI1, and found that NAI1 binds to the promoter region of NAI2 and activates the NAI2 promoter. The recombinant NAI1 protein recognizes the canonical and non-canonical G-box motifs in the NAI2 promoter. Furthermore, we examined the DNA binding activity of NAI1 toward several E-box motifs in the NAI2 and BGLU23 promoters and found that NAI1 binds to a DNA fragment that includes an E-box motif from the BGLU23 promoter. Subcellular localization of NAI1 was evident in the nucleus, which is consistent with its transcription factor function. Transient expression experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that GFP-NAI1 protein activated the NAI2 promoter by binding to the two G-boxes of the promoter. Disruption of the G-boxes abolished the NAI1-dependent activation of the NAI2 promoter. These results indicate that NAI1 has a DNA binding activity in a motif-dependent manner and suggest that NAI1 regulates NAI2 and BGLU23 gene expressions through binding to these DNA motifs in their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Sarkar
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Stefanik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadashi Kunieda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Yamada
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Stefanik N, Bizan J, Wilkens A, Tarnawska-Glatt K, Goto-Yamada S, Strzałka K, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I, Yamada K. NAI2 and TSA1 Drive Differentiation of Constitutive and Inducible ER Body Formation in Brassicaceae. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:722-734. [PMID: 31879762 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brassicaceae and closely related species develop unique endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived structures called ER bodies, which accumulate β-glucosidases/myrosinases that are involved in chemical defense. There are two different types of ER bodies: ER bodies constitutively present in seedlings (cER bodies) and ER bodies in rosette leaves induced by treatment with the wounding hormone jasmonate (JA) (iER bodies). Here, we show that At-α whole-genome duplication (WGD) generated the paralogous genes NAI2 and TSA1, which consequently drive differentiation of cER bodies and iER bodies in Brassicaceae plants. In Arabidopsis, NAI2 is expressed in seedlings where cER bodies are formed, whereas TSA1 is expressed in JA-treated leaves where iER bodies are formed. We found that the expression of NAI2 in seedlings and the JA inducibility of TSA1 are conserved across other Brassicaceae plants. The accumulation of NAI2 transcripts in Arabidopsis seedlings is dependent on the transcription factor NAI1, whereas the JA induction of TSA1 in rosette leaves is dependent on MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4. We discovered regions of microsynteny, including the NAI2/TSA1 genes, but the promoter regions are differentiated between TSA1 and NAI2 genes in Brassicaceae. This suggests that the divergence of function between NAI2 and TSA1 occurred immediately after WGD in ancestral Brassicaceae plants to differentiate the formation of iER and cER bodies. Our findings indicate that At-α WGD enabled diversification of defense strategies, which may have contributed to the massive diversification of Brassicaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stefanik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Jakub Bizan
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Alwine Wilkens
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow 30-239, Poland
| | | | - Shino Goto-Yamada
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
| | | | - Kenji Yamada
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
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Han Y, Watanabe S, Shimada H, Sakamoto A. Dynamics of the leaf endoplasmic reticulum modulate β-glucosidase-mediated stress-activated ABA production from its glucosyl ester. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:2058-2071. [PMID: 31761937 PMCID: PMC7094080 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is produced via a multistep de novo biosynthesis pathway or via single-step hydrolysis of inactive ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE). The hydrolysis reaction is catalyzed by β-glucosidase (BG, or BGLU) isoforms localized to various organelles, where they become activated upon stress, but the mechanisms underlying this organelle-specific activation remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between the subcellular distribution and stress-induced activation of BGLU18 (BG1), an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme critical for abiotic stress responses, in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. High BGLU18 levels were present in leaf petioles, primarily in endoplasmic reticulum bodies. These Brassicaceae-specific endoplasmic reticulum-derived organelles responded dynamically to abiotic stress, particularly drought-induced dehydration, by changing in number and size. Under stress, BGLU18 distribution shifted toward microsomes, which was accompanied by increasing BGLU18-mediated ABA-GE hydrolytic activity and ABA levels in leaf petioles. Under non-stress conditions, impaired endoplasmic reticulum body formation caused a microsomal shift of BGLU18 and increased its enzyme activity; however, ABA levels increased only under stress, probably because ABA-GE is supplied to the endoplasmic reticulum only under these conditions. Loss of BGLU18 delayed dehydration-induced ABA accumulation, suggesting that ABA-GE hydrolysis precedes the biosynthesis. We propose that dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum modulate ABA homeostasis and abiotic stress responses by activating BGLU18-mediated ABA-GE hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Han
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Hussain S, Brookbank BP, Nambara E. Hydrolysis of abscisic acid glucose ester occurs locally and quickly in response to dehydration. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:1753-1756. [PMID: 32211865 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Han Y, Watanabe S, Shimada H, Sakamoto A. 2020. Dynamics of the leaf endoplasmic reticulum modulate β-glucosidase-mediated stress-activated ABA production from its glucosyl ester. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 2058–2071.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hussain
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Nakazaki A, Yamada K, Kunieda T, Tamura K, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimada T. Biogenesis of leaf endoplasmic reticulum body is regulated by both jasmonate-dependent and independent pathways. Plant Signal Behav 2019; 14:1622982. [PMID: 31132914 PMCID: PMC6619926 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1622982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies are thought to function in plant defense against insects and pathogens. Recently, a new type of ER body referred to as "leaf ER bodies" (L-ER bodies) was identified in Arabidopsis rosette leaves. L-ER bodies accumulate two β-glucosidases, namely PYK10 and BGLU18, which are characteristic of previously described constitutive ER bodies and inducible ER bodies, respectively. However, it is unclear how the biogenesis of L-ER bodies, which are similar to both constitutive and inducible ER bodies, is regulated. In the present study, we show that the biogenesis of L-ER bodies is regulated by both jasmonate (JA)-dependent and -independent pathways. Confocal imaging analysis revealed the presence of L-ER bodies in the JA insensitive mutant coronatine insensitive 1-1 (coi1-1), which lacks the JA receptor COI1. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of BGLU18 mainly depends on the JA signaling pathway while that of PYK10 does not. In addition, expression of the ER body related genes NAI1, NAI2, and TSA1 was reduced in the coi1-1 mutant relative to the wild type. Taken together, these findings suggest that JA signaling is not necessary for the formation of L-ER bodies, while it is partially required for gene expression of L-ER body components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Malopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadashi Kunieda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang JZ, Li B, Xiao Y, Ni Y, Ke H, Yang P, de Souza A, Bjornson M, He X, Shen Z, Balcke GU, Briggs SP, Tissier A, Kliebenstein DJ, Dehesh K. Initiation of ER Body Formation and Indole Glucosinolate Metabolism by the Plastidial Retrograde Signaling Metabolite, MEcPP. Mol Plant 2017; 10:1400-1416. [PMID: 28965830 PMCID: PMC6368977 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved tightly regulated signaling networks to respond and adapt to environmental perturbations, but the nature of the signaling hub(s) involved have remained an enigma. We have previously established that methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), a precursor of plastidial isoprenoids and a stress-specific retrograde signaling metabolite, enables cellular readjustments for high-order adaptive functions. Here, we specifically show that MEcPP promotes two Brassicaceae-specific traits, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) body formation and induction of indole glucosinolate (IGs) metabolism selectively, via transcriptional regulation of key regulators NAI1 for ER body formation and MYB51/122 for IGs biosynthesis). The specificity of MEcPP is further confirmed by the lack of induction of wound-inducible ER body genes as well as IGs by other altered methylerythritol phosphate pathway enzymes. Genetic analyses revealed MEcPP-mediated COI1-dependent induction of these traits. Moreover, MEcPP signaling integrates the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of IGs through induction of nitrile-specifier protein1 and reduction of the suppressor, ESM1, and production of simple nitriles as the bioactive end product. The findings position the plastidial metabolite, MEcPP, as the initiation hub, transducing signals to adjust the activity of hard-wired gene circuitry to expand phytochemical diversity and alter the associated subcellular structure required for functionality of the secondary metabolites, thereby tailoring plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zheng Wang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanmei Xiao
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amancio de Souza
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Marta Bjornson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiang He
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gerd Ulrich Balcke
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Steve P Briggs
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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10
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Nakano RT, Piślewska-Bednarek M, Yamada K, Edger PP, Miyahara M, Kondo M, Böttcher C, Mori M, Nishimura M, Schulze-Lefert P, Hara-Nishimura I, Bednarek P. PYK10 myrosinase reveals a functional coordination between endoplasmic reticulum bodies and glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2017; 89:204-220. [PMID: 27612205 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum body (ER body) is an organelle derived from the ER that occurs in only three families of the order Brassicales and is suggested to be involved in plant defense. ER bodies in Arabidopsis thaliana contain large amounts of β-glucosidases, but the physiological functions of ER bodies and these enzymes remain largely unclear. Here we show that PYK10, the most abundant β-glucosidase in A. thaliana root ER bodies, hydrolyzes indole glucosinolates (IGs) in addition to the previously reported in vitro substrate scopolin. We found a striking co-expression between ER body-related genes (including PYK10), glucosinolate biosynthetic genes and the genes for so-called specifier proteins affecting the terminal products of myrosinase-mediated glucosinolate metabolism, indicating that these systems have been integrated into a common transcriptional network. Consistent with this, comparative metabolite profiling utilizing a number of A. thaliana relatives within Brassicaceae identified a clear phylogenetic co-occurrence between ER bodies and IGs, but not between ER bodies and scopolin. Collectively, our findings suggest a functional link between ER bodies and glucosinolate metabolism in planta. In addition, in silico three-dimensional modeling, combined with phylogenomic analysis, suggests that PYK10 represents a clade of 16 myrosinases that arose independently from the other well-documented class of six thioglucoside glucohydrolases. These findings provide deeper insights into how glucosinolates are metabolized in cruciferous plants and reveal variation of the myrosinase-glucosinolate system within individual plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei T Nakano
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829, Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829, Köln, Germany
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mariola Piślewska-Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mado Miyahara
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Maki Kondo
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Masashi Mori
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 834-1213, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829, Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Paweł Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
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Nakano RT, Yamada K, Bednarek P, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I. ER bodies in plants of the Brassicales order: biogenesis and association with innate immunity. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:73. [PMID: 24653729 PMCID: PMC3947992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms highly organized network structures composed of tubules and cisternae. Many plant species develop additional ER-derived structures, most of which are specific for certain groups of species. In particular, a rod-shaped structure designated as the ER body is produced by plants of the Brassicales order, which includes Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic analyses and characterization of A. thaliana mutants possessing a disorganized ER morphology or lacking ER bodies have provided insights into the highly organized mechanisms responsible for the formation of these unique ER structures. The accumulation of proteins specific for the ER body within the ER plays an important role in the formation of ER bodies. However, a mutant that exhibits morphological defects of both the ER and ER bodies has not been identified. This suggests that plants in the Brassicales order have evolved novel mechanisms for the development of this unique organelle, which are distinct from those used to maintain generic ER structures. In A. thaliana, ER bodies are ubiquitous in seedlings and roots, but rare in rosette leaves. Wounding of rosette leaves induces de novo formation of ER bodies, suggesting that these structures are associated with resistance against pathogens and/or herbivores. ER bodies accumulate a large amount of β-glucosidases, which can produce substances that potentially protect against invading pests. Biochemical studies have determined that the enzymatic activities of these β-glucosidases are enhanced during cell collapse. These results suggest that ER bodies are involved in plant immunity, although there is no direct evidence of this. In this review, we provide recent perspectives of ER and ER body formation in A. thaliana, and discuss clues for the functions of ER bodies. We highlight defense strategies against biotic stress that are unique for the Brassicales order, and discuss how ER structures could contribute to these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei T. Nakano
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai)Okazaki, Japan
| | - Paweł Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznañ, Poland
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai)Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ikuko Hara-Nishimura, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan e-mail:
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