1
|
Kataoka N. Ketogluconate production by Gluconobacter strains: enzymes and biotechnological applications. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:499-508. [PMID: 38323387 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gluconobacter strains perform incomplete oxidation of various sugars and alcohols, employing regio- and stereoselective membrane-bound dehydrogenases oriented toward the periplasmic space. This oxidative fermentation process is utilized industrially. The ketogluconate production pathway, characteristic of these strains, begins with the conversion of d-glucose to d-gluconate, which then diverges and splits into 2 pathways producing 5-keto-d-gluconate and 2-keto-d-gluconate and subsequently 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate. These transformations are facilitated by membrane-bound d-glucose dehydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, d-gluconate dehydrogenase, and 2-keto-d-gluconate dehydrogenase. The variance in end products across Gluconobacter strains stems from the diversity of enzymes and their activities. This review synthesizes biochemical and genetic knowledge with biotechnological applications, highlighting recent advances in metabolic engineering and the development of an efficient production process focusing on enzymes relevant to the ketogluconate production pathway in Gluconobacter strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kataoka
- Organization for Research Initiatives, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ito T, Masaki H, Fujita K, Murakami H, Shizuma M, Kiso T, Kiryu T. Identification of Pathways for Production of D-Glucaric Acid by Pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1876-1895. [PMID: 37440113 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes produces glucaric acid from D-glucose via two pathways, i.e., through D-glucuronic acid or D-gluconic acid. These pathways are catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and gluconate dehydrogenase. Although D-glucaraldehyde and L-guluronic acid are also theorized to be produced in pathways throsugh D-glucuronic acid and D-gluconic acid, respectively, no direct data to identify these intermediates have been reported. In this study, the intermediates were purified and identified as D-glucaraldehyde and L-guluronic acid. The substrate specificities of the three enzymes on these intermediates and their oxidation products were studied, and the roles of alcohol, aldehyde, and gluconate dehydrogenases in D-glucaric acid-producing pathways were elucidated using the intermediates. Additionally, the substrate specificities of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases on some alcohols, aldehydes, and aldoses were determined. Alcohol dehydrogenase showed wide substrate specificities, whereas the substrates oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase were limited. A 30-L scale reaction using the resting cells of Rh47-3 revealed that D-glucaric acid was produced from D-glucose and D-gluconic acid in 60.3 mol% (7.0 g/L) and 78.6 mol% (22.5 g/L) yields, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ito
- ENSUIKO Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-0012, Japan
| | | | - Koki Fujita
- ENSUIKO Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-0012, Japan
| | - Hiromi Murakami
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, 536-8553, Japan
| | - Motohiro Shizuma
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, 536-8553, Japan
| | - Taro Kiso
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, 536-8553, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kiryu
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, 536-8553, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ni C, Prather KLJ. Consistent biosynthesis of D-glycerate from variable mixed substrates. Metab Eng 2024; 82:41-48. [PMID: 38185463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of waste streams and other renewable feedstocks in microbial biosynthesis has long been a goal for metabolic engineers. Microbes can utilize the substrate mixtures found in waste streams, though they are more technically challenging to convert to useful products compared to the single substrates of standard practice. It is difficult to achieve consistent biosynthesis in the face of the temporally changing nature of waste streams. Furthermore, the expression of all the enzymes necessary to convert mixed substrates into a product likely presents significant metabolic burden, which already plagues processes that utilize a single substrate. We developed an approach to utilize mixed feedstocks for production by activating expression of each biosynthetic pathway in the presence of its substrate. This expression control was used for two novel pathways that converted two substrates, galacturonate and gluconate, into a single product, D-glycerate. A production strain harboring both pathway plasmids produced 1.8 ± 0.3 and 1.64 ± 0.09 g L-1 of D-glycerate from galacturonate and gluconate alone, respectively. Fermentations that were fed a mixture of the two substrates, at different ratios, resulted in product titers between 1.48 ± 0.03 and 1.8 ± 0.1 g L-1. All fermentations were fed a total of 10 g L-1 substrate and there was no statistically significant difference in D-glycerate titer from the single or mixed substrate fermentations. We thus demonstrated consistent D-glycerate biosynthesis from single and mixed substrates as an example of robust conversion of complex feedstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Volke DC, Gurdo N, Milanesi R, Nikel PI. Time-resolved, deuterium-based fluxomics uncovers the hierarchy and dynamics of sugar processing by Pseudomonas putida. Metab Eng 2023; 79:159-172. [PMID: 37454792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida, a microbial host widely adopted for metabolic engineering, processes glucose through convergent peripheral pathways that ultimately yield 6-phosphogluconate. The periplasmic gluconate shunt (PGS), composed by glucose and gluconate dehydrogenases, sequentially transforms glucose into gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. Although the secretion of these organic acids by P. putida has been extensively recognized, the mechanism and spatiotemporal regulation of the PGS remained elusive thus far. To address this challenge, we adopted a dynamic 13C- and 2H-metabolic flux analysis strategy, termed D-fluxomics. D-fluxomics demonstrated that the PGS underscores a highly dynamic metabolic architecture in glucose-dependent batch cultures of P. putida, characterized by hierarchical carbon uptake by the PGS throughout the cultivation. Additionally, we show that gluconate and 2-ketogluconate accumulation and consumption can be solely explained as a result of the interplay between growth rate-coupled and decoupled metabolic fluxes. As a consequence, the formation of these acids in the PGS is inversely correlated to the bacterial growth rate-unlike the widely studied overflow metabolism of Escherichia coli and yeast. Our findings, which underline survival strategies of soil bacteria thriving in their natural environments, open new avenues for engineering P. putida towards efficient, sugar-based bioprocesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nicolas Gurdo
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Riccardo Milanesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teixeira AP, Xue S, Huang J, Fussenegger M. Evolution of molecular switches for regulation of transgene expression by clinically licensed gluconate. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e85. [PMID: 37497781 PMCID: PMC10450161 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology holds great promise to improve the safety and efficacy of future gene and engineered cell therapies by providing new means of endogenous or exogenous control of the embedded therapeutic programs. Here, we focused on gluconate as a clinically licensed small-molecule inducer and engineered gluconate-sensitive molecular switches to regulate transgene expression in human cell cultures and in mice. Several switch designs were assembled based on the gluconate-responsive transcriptional repressor GntR from Escherichia coli. Initially we assembled OFF- and ON-type switches by rewiring the native gluconate-dependent binding of GntR to target DNA sequences in mammalian cells. Then, we utilized the ability of GntR to dimerize in the presence of gluconate to activate gene expression from a split transcriptional activator. By means of random mutagenesis of GntR combined with phenotypic screening, we identified variants that significantly enhanced the functionality of the genetic devices, enabling the construction of robust two-input logic gates. We also demonstrated the potential utility of the synthetic switch in two in vivo settings, one employing implantation of alginate-encapsulated engineered cells and the other involving modification of host cells by DNA delivery. Then, as proof-of-concept, the gluconate-actuated genetic switch was connected to insulin secretion, and the components encoding gluconate-induced insulin production were introduced into type-1 diabetic mice as naked DNA via hydrodynamic tail vein injection. Normoglycemia was restored, thereby showcasing the suitability of oral gluconate to regulate in situ production of a therapeutic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Palma Teixeira
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shuai Xue
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jinbo Huang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe DHM, Doelman J, Steele MA, Guan LL, Seymour DJ, Penner GB. A comparison of post-ruminal provision of Ca-gluconate and Ca-butyrate on growth performance, gastrointestinal barrier function, short-chain fatty acid absorption, intestinal histology, and brush-border enzyme activity in beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad050. [PMID: 36799118 PMCID: PMC10022388 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of post-ruminal provision of Ca-butyrate (CaB) when delivered via abomasal dosing, and Ca-gluconate (CaG) when provided ruminally using a rumen protected form or using an unprotected form via abomasal dosing on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration throughout the GIT, nutrient digestibility, GIT barrier function, ruminal SCFA absorption, ruminal morphometrics, intestinal brush border enzyme activity, and blood parameters for beef heifers. Thirty-two beef heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to one of four treatments: 1) negative control (ruminal infusion of double-distilled water; CON); 2) abomasal infusion of CaB (AB; 0.0029% of BW); 3) abomasal infusion of CaG (AG; 0.0077% of BW); and 4) ruminal infusion of a hydrogenated fat-embedded CaG (RG; 0.0192% of BW) to provide ruminal protection. Excluding CON, treatments were designed to deliver the same amount of butyrate in the small intestine. Heifers were housed in individual pens and DMI was limited to 95% of voluntary intake to minimize a potential confounding effect of DMI on treatment responses. Total GIT barrier function was assessed on day 17 and SCFA disappearance was evaluated on day 21 using the temporarily isolated and washed reticulo-rumen technique. On day 28, heifers were slaughtered, and ruminal and colonic digesta were collected to assess SCFA concentration. Additionally, ruminal, jejunal, and colonic tissues were collected to assess SCFA fluxes and regional barrier function ex vivo using the Ussing chamber technique. For colonic digesta, both AB and CaG treatments reduced the proportion of acetate (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion on propionate (P < 0.05) compared to CON. Relative to CON, AB but not CaG treatments increased in vivo ruminal disappearance of total SCFA (P = 0.01), acetate (P = 0.03), propionate (P = 0.01), and butyrate (P > 0.01). Treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.10) acetate and butyrate fluxes in the ruminal and colonic tissues when measured ex vivo; however, when compared with CON, AB tended to decrease (P = 0.09) mannitol flux across ruminal tissue. In addition, mannitol flux was affected (P < 0.01) by region, with greater mannitol flux across the jejunum than rumen and colon. We conclude that while both abomasal infusion of CaB and CaG affect the molar proportion of acetate and propionate in the colon, only abomasal CaB stimulated ruminal SCFA absorption for growing beef heifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H M Watanabe
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - John Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Le L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dave J Seymour
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Höfmann S, Dziwornu PA, Klaus T, Knura T, Wohlgemuth R, Bräsen C, Siebers B. Simplified Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-D-Gluconate from D-Gluconate Using the Gluconate Dehydratase from Thermoproteus tenax. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2522:351-362. [PMID: 36125762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2445-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many research areas, e.g., basic research but also applied fields of biotechnology, biomedicine, and diagnostics often suffer from the unavailability of metabolic compounds. This is mostly due to missing easy and efficient synthesis procedures. We herein describe the biocatalytic/enzymatic production of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, an intermediate of central metabolic pathways in all three domains of life and also of bacterial polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and cell wall components. The method is based on the gluconate dehydratase from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Thermoproteus tenax, which can be easily recombinantly overproduced in Escherichia coli and-due to its intrinsic thermostability-rapidly be purified by two precipitation steps. The enzyme completely converts D-gluconate to solely stereochemically pure KDG, taking benefits from the enol-keto-tautomerism of the primary reaction product. The final product can then easily be separated from the protein by ultrafiltration. The simple one-step procedure, which is suitable at least for the lab-scale/gram-scale production of KDG, replaces lengthy multi-step reactions and is easily scalable. This approach also illustrates the great application potential of Archaea with their unusual metabolic pathways and enzymes for the synthesis of added value products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Höfmann
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry (MEB), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), Centre for Water and Environmental Research (CWE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Promise Akua Dziwornu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry (MEB), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), Centre for Water and Environmental Research (CWE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klaus
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry (MEB), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), Centre for Water and Environmental Research (CWE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Knura
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry (MEB), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), Centre for Water and Environmental Research (CWE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Christopher Bräsen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry (MEB), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), Centre for Water and Environmental Research (CWE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bettina Siebers
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry (MEB), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), Centre for Water and Environmental Research (CWE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Islas-Valdez S, López-Rayo S, Lucena JJ. Implications of the Mn:ligand ratio for Mn uptake by Glycine max L. plants fertilized with heptagluconate and gluconate complexes. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4662-4671. [PMID: 33491224 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental risk of the application of synthetic chelates has furthered the implementation of biodegradable complexes to correct manganese (Mn)-deficient plants. This study used the biodegradable ligands of heptagluconate (G7) and gluconate (G6) to test the influence of the Mn2+ :ligand ratio on their fertilizers' capacity to provide Mn to plants. The efficacy of these complexes to correct Mn-deficient soybean was evaluated in hydroponics and calcareous soil conditions and compared with the synthetic chelate EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). RESULTS This study demonstrated that G7 was a biodegradable alternative to EDTA for supplying Mn, maintaining an adequate nutritional balance compared with G6, which reduced iron (Fe) uptake by the plants. The efficacy of the Mn complexes depended on both the ligand and the Mn:ligand ratio, with the 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios of Mn2+ :G7 being the most effective complexes in the short term on the basis of their chemical structure and stability. CONCLUSION The Mn2+ :G7 (1:1 and 1:2) complexes were found to be effective Mn sources for plant nutrition due to their chemical structures providing adequate stability in alkaline solution and their fast-action effect. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Islas-Valdez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Rayo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Lucena
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun L, Wang D, Sun W, Zhang X, Cui F, Su C, Zhang X, Xu G, Shi J, Xu Z. Characterization of a transcriptional regulator PtxS from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida for regulating 2-ketogluconic acid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:330-338. [PMID: 33529626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Homologs of PtxS are ubiquitous transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of the glucose dehydrogenase and kgu operon to globally regulate the 2-ketogluconic acid (2KGA) metabolism in Pseudomonas. In the present study, a PtxS from a 2KGA industrial producer Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 (PpPtxS) was heterologously expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), then structurally and functionally characterized. The obtained results showed that PpPtxS was a 36.65-kDa LacI-family transcriptional regulator. 2KGA was the sole effector of PpPtxS. Glucose negatively affected the molecular binding of PpPtxS and 2KGA, and gluconic acid inhibited the PpPtxS-2KGA binding reaction. PpPtxS in water solution mainly existed as a dimer and bound to two molecules of 2KGA. The effector 2KGA mainly bound to the region close to the C-terminal of PpPtxS by interacting with the 299th to the 301st amino acids (Ala, Gln, Pro, Thr, Glu and Arg). PpPtxS specifically recognized and bound to a 14-bp palindrome sequence (5'-TGAAACCGGTTTCA-3') due to its conserved HTH motif at the N-terminal. The characterization of PpPtxS in this study would provide a theoretical guidance for the industrial production of 2KGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Daming Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing 334221, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing 334221, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baiya S, Pengthaisong S, Kitjaruwankul S, Ketudat Cairns JR. Structural analysis of rice Os4BGlu18 monolignol β-glucosidase. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241325. [PMID: 33471829 PMCID: PMC7817009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolignol glucosides are storage forms of monolignols, which are polymerized to lignin to strengthen plant cell walls. The conversion of monolignol glucosides to monolignols is catalyzed by monolignol β-glucosidases. Rice Os4BGlu18 β-glucosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of the monolignol glucosides, coniferin, syringin, and p-coumaryl alcohol glucoside more efficiently than other natural substrates. To understand more clearly the basis for substrate specificity of a monolignol β-glucosidase, the structure of Os4BGlu18 was determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals of Os4BGlu18 and its complex with δ-gluconolactone diffracted to 1.7 and 2.1 Å resolution, respectively. Two protein molecules were found in the asymmetric unit of the P212121 space group of their isomorphous crystals. The Os4BGlu18 structure exhibited the typical (β/α)8 TIM barrel of glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1), but the four variable loops and two disulfide bonds appeared significantly different from other known structures of GH1 β-glucosidases. Molecular docking studies of the Os4BGlu18 structure with monolignol substrate ligands placed the glycone in a similar position to the δ-gluconolactone in the complex structure and revealed the interactions between protein and ligands. Molecular docking, multiple sequence alignment, and homology modeling identified amino acid residues at the aglycone-binding site involved in substrate specificity for monolignol β-glucosides. Thus, the structural basis of substrate recognition and hydrolysis by monolignol β-glucosidases was elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Baiya
- Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha Campus, Sriracha, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Salila Pengthaisong
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sunan Kitjaruwankul
- Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha Campus, Sriracha, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kweon Y, Park JY, Kim YJ, Lee YS, Jeong JM. Imaging Hydrogen Sulfide in Hypoxic Tissue with [ 99mTc]Tc-Gluconate. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010096. [PMID: 33379310 PMCID: PMC7795420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gasotransmitter and is generated endogenously in hypoxic or inflammatory tissues and various cancers. We have recently demonstrated that endogenous H2S can be imaged with [99mTc]Tc-gluconate. In the present study, we detected H2S generated in hypoxic tissue, both in vitro and in vivo, using [99mTc]Tc-gluconate. In vitro uptake of [99mTc]Tc-gluconate was measured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, using the colon carcinoma cell line CT26, and was higher in hypoxic cells than that in normoxic cells. An acute hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion model was established in BALB/c mice by exposing the animals to 3 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion prior to in vivo imaging. [99mTc]Tc-gluconate (12.5 MBq) was intravenously injected through the tail vein, and uptake in the lower limb was analyzed by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). SPECT/CT images showed five times higher uptake in the ischemic limb than that in the normal limb. The standard uptake value (SUVmean) of the ischemic limb was 0.39 ± 0.03, while that of the normal limb was 0.07 ± 0.01. [99mTc]Tc-gluconate is a novel imaging agent that can be used both in vitro and in vivo for the detection of endogenous H2S generated in hypoxic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyoung Kweon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-3805
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rico-Rodríguez F, Villamiel M, Ruiz-Aceituno L, Serrato JC, Montilla A. Effect of the lactose source on the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharides and gluconic acid. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 67:104945. [PMID: 32278244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that one of the main problems in galactooligosaccharide production (GOS) via tranglycosylation of lactose is the presence of monosaccharides that contribute to increasing the glycaemic index, as is the case of glucose. In this work, as well as studying the effect of ultrasound (US) on glucose oxidase (Gox) activation during gluconic acid (GA) production, we have carried out an investigation into the selective oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid in multienzymatic reactions (β-galactosidase (β-gal) and Gox) assisted by power US using different sources of lactose as substrate (lactose solution, whey permeate, cheese whey). In terms of the influence of matrix on GOS and GA production, lactose solution gave the best results, followed by cheese whey and whey permeate, salt composition being the most influential factor. The highest yields of GOS production with the lowest glucose concentration and highest GA production were obtained with lactose solution in multienzymatic systems in the presence of ultrasound (30% amplitude) when Gox was added after 1 h of treatment with β-gal. This work demonstrates the ability of US to enhance efficiently the obtainment of prebiotic mixtures of low glycaemic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Rico-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 N° 45-03 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Ruiz-Aceituno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Serrato
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 N° 45-03 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonia Montilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Islas-Valdez S, López-Rayo S, Arcos J, Menéndez N, Lucena JJ. Effect of Fe:ligand ratios on hydroponic conditions and calcareous soil in Solanum lycopersicum L. and Glycine max L. fertilized with heptagluconate and gluconate. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1106-1117. [PMID: 31667842 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental risk from the application of synthetic chelates has led to the use of biodegradable complexes to correct Fe deficiency in plants. In this article, the Fe oxidation state, the Fe:ligand ratio, and the molecular weight distribution for heptagluconate (G7) and gluconate (G6) are considered as key factors for the efficacy of complexes as fertilizers. Complexes with different Fe:ligand ratios were prepared and analyzed by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The ability of Fe:ligand ratios to provide Fe to tomato in hydroponics and soybean in calcareous soil was tested and compared with synthetic chelates (Fe3+ :HBED and Fe3+ :EDTA). RESULTS G7 presented greater capacity to complex both Fe(II) and Fe(III) than G6, but the Fe(II) complexes exhibited poor stability at pH 9 and oxidation in solution. Gel filtration chromatography demonstrated the polynuclear nature of the Fe3+ :G7 at various ratios. The effectiveness of the Fe fertilizers depend on the Fe3+ :ligand ratio and the ligand type, the Fe3+ :G7 (1:1 and 1:2) being the most effective. Fe3+ :G7 (1:1) also presented a better response for the uptake of other micronutrients. CONCLUSION Fe3+ :G7 molar ratios have been shown to be critical for plant Fe uptake under hydroponic conditions and with calcareous soil. Thus, the Fe3+ :G7 at equimolar ratio and 1:2 molar ratio can be an environmentally friendly alternative to less degradable synthetic chelates to correct Fe chlorosis in strategy I plants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Islas-Valdez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Rayo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Arcos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Menéndez
- Department of Applied Physical-Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Lucena
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deng H, Liu H, Kang W, Lei C, Nie Z, Huang Y, Yao S. Biomineralization synthesis of a near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe for direct glucose sensing in whole blood. Nanoscale 2020; 12:864-870. [PMID: 31833533 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06691h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe that enables to circumvent the interference of background absorption and fluorescence in whole blood was developed for the direct sensing of blood glucose. Here, NIR fluorescent protein (iRFP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were collectively deployed as the templates for the biomineralization of Mn2+ to prepare a NIR fluorescent nanoprobe (iRFP-GOx-MnO2 nanoparticles, iRGMs), in which the fluorescence of iRFP was effectively quenched by MnO2via energy transfer. When the iRGMs were mixed with whole blood samples, GOx can convert blood glucose into gluconic acid, as well as H2O2, which will reduce MnO2 and decompose the iRGMs. As a result, the NIR fluorescence of iRFPs was restored, providing a fluorometric assay for the direct detection of blood glucose. Owing to the high efficiency of the cascade reaction and the low background interference of the NIR fluorescence signal, accurate and rapid analysis of the glucose levels in whole blood samples was achieved using the iRGMs. Moreover, an iRGM-based paper device that only requires 5 microliters of samples was also demonstrated in the direct assay of blood glucose without any pretreatment, affording an alternative approach for the accurate monitoring of blood glucose levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China..
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou X, Zhao J, Zhang X, Xu Y. An eco-friendly biorefinery strategy for xylooligosaccharides production from sugarcane bagasse using cellulosic derived gluconic acid as efficient catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2019; 289:121755. [PMID: 31301946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach was proposed for the production of xylooligosaccharides by direct pre-hydrolysis using gluconic acid as catalyst. Maximum xylooligosaccharides (degree of polymerization 2-6) yield of 53.2% could be obtained in 60 min through 5% gluconic acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse at 150 °C. Furthermore, the yield of glucose from solids following gluconic acid hydrolysis treatment was 86.2% after fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis with 10% solids loading. Results indicated that gluconic acid pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis could be successfully applied to sugarcane bagasse substrate. Subsequently, glucose could be efficiently bio-oxidized to gluconic acid by Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC 621H with 93.1% yield, and sugarcane bagasse derived gluconic acid has been proved to be an effective catalyst for xylooligosaccharides production. In this study, xylooligosaccharides production from sugarcane bagasse by gluconic acid hydrolysis demonstrated a great potential with respect to the production of these probiotics around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sánchez-Moreno I, Trachtmann N, Ilhan S, Hélaine V, Lemaire M, Guérard-Hélaine C, Sprenger GA. 2-Ketogluconate Kinase from Cupriavidus necator H16: Purification, Characterization, and Exploration of Its Substrate Specificity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132393. [PMID: 31261738 PMCID: PMC6651773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned, overexpressed, purified, and characterized a 2-ketogluconate kinase (2-dehydrogluconokinase, EC 2.7.1.13) from Cupriavidus necator (Ralstonia eutropha) H16. Exploration of its substrate specificity revealed that three ketoacids (2-keto-3-deoxy-d-gluconate, 2-keto-d-gulonate, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-gulonate) with structures close to the natural substrate (2-keto-d-gluconate) were successfully phosphorylated at an efficiency lower than or comparable to 2-ketogluconate, as depicted by the measured kinetic constant values. Eleven aldo and keto monosaccharides of different chain lengths and stereochemistries were also assayed but not found to be substrates. 2-ketogluconate-6-phosphate was synthesized at a preparative scale and was fully characterized for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Sánchez-Moreno
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Natalia Trachtmann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Microbiology, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sibel Ilhan
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Microbiology, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Virgil Hélaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marielle Lemaire
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Guérard-Hélaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Georg A Sprenger
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Microbiology, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou X, Xu Y. Integrative process for sugarcane bagasse biorefinery to co-produce xylooligosaccharides and gluconic acid. Bioresour Technol 2019; 282:81-87. [PMID: 30852335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An integrated and green process for co-producing xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and gluconic acid (GA), was developed by utilizing sugarcane bagasse as starting material. In this study, the highest XOS yield of 39.1% obtained from the prehydrolysis was achieved with 10% acetic acid at 150 °C for 45 min. Subsequently, 88.6% conversion of cellulose was achieved in a fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis using a solid loading of 15%. Results of glucose fermentation suggested that inherent regulatory system of strain Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC 621H boosted GA accumulation without the requirement of pH control, leading to a good 96.3% of GA yield. Great performance of this strain offer an economically feasible option for the large-scale sustainable GA production from biomass. Overall, approximately 105 g XOS and 340 g GA were co-produced from 1 kg of dried sugarcane bagasse as feedstock; this integrated process might be a cost-effective option for the comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ishikawa Y, Miyagi A, Ishikawa T, Nagano M, Yamaguchi M, Hihara Y, Kaneko Y, Kawai-Yamada M. One of the NAD kinases, sll1415, is required for the glucose metabolism of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant J 2019; 98:654-666. [PMID: 30693583 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)(H)) are electron carriers that are the driving forces in various metabolic pathways. Phosphorylation of NAD(H) to NADP(H) is performed by the enzyme NAD kinase (NADK). Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 harbors two genes (sll1415 and slr0400) that encode proteins with NADK homology. When genetic mutants for sll1415 and slr0400 (Δ1415 and Δ0400, respectively) were cultured under photoheterotrophic growth conditions only the Δ1415 cells showed a growth defect. In wild-type cells, the sll1415 transcript accumulated after the cells were transferred to photoheterotrophic conditions. Furthermore, NAD(P)(H) measurements demonstrated that a dynamic metabolic conversion was implemented during the adaptation from photoautotrophic to photoheterotrophic conditions. Electron microscopy observation and biochemistry quantification demonstrated the accumulation of glycogen in the Δ1415 cells under photoheterotrophic conditions at 96 h. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated the accumulation of mRNAs that encoded glycogen biosynthesis-related enzymes in photoheterotrophic Δ1415 cells. At 96 h, enzyme activity measurement in the photoheterotrophic Δ1415 cells demonstrated that the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were decreased, but the activities of glucose dehydrogenase were increased. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the Δ1415 cells showed increased glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate content at 96 h. Therefore, sll1415 has a significant function in the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway for catabolism of glucose under photoheterotrophic conditions. Additionally, it is presumed that the slr0400 had a different role in glucose catabolism during growth. These results suggest that the two Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 NADKs (Sll1415 and Slr0400) have distinct functions in photoheterotrophic cyanobacterial metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuma Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Minoru Nagano
- Graduate School of Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yukako Hihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rasul M, Yasmin S, Suleman M, Zaheer A, Reitz T, Tarkka MT, Islam E, Mirza MS. Glucose dehydrogenase gene containing phosphobacteria for biofortification of Phosphorus with growth promotion of rice. Microbiol Res 2019; 223-225:1-12. [PMID: 31178042 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient, but often limited in soils for plant uptake. A major economic constraint in the rice production is excessive use of chemical fertilizers to meet the P requirement. Bioaugmentation of phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria (PSB) can be used as promising alternative. In the present study 11 mineral PSB were isolated from Basmati rice growing areas of Pakistan. In broth medium, PSB solubilized tricalcium phosphate (27-354 μg mL-1) with concomitant decrease in pH up to 3.6 due to the production of different organic acids, predominantly gluconic acid. Of these, 4 strains also have ability to mineralize phytate (245-412 μg mL-1). Principle component analysis showed that the gluconic acid producing PSB strains (Acinetobacter sp. MR5 and Pseudomonas sp. MR7) have pronounced effect on grain yield (up to 55%), plant P (up to 67%) and soil available P (up to 67%), with 20% reduced fertilization. For simultaneous validation of gluconic acid production by MR5 and MR7 through PCR, new specific primers were designed to amplify gcd, pqqE, pqqC genes responsible for glucose dehydrogenase (gcd) mediated phosphate solubilization. These findings for the first time demonstrated Acinetobacter soli as potent P solubilizer for rice and expands our knowledge about genus specific pqq and gcd primers. These two gcd containing PSB Acinetobacter sp. MR5 (DSM 106631) and Pseudomonas sp. MR7 (DSM 106634) submitted to German culture collection (DSMZ), serve as global valuable pool to significantly increase the P uptake, growth and yield of Basmati rice with decreased dependence on chemical fertilizer in P deficit agricultural soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rasul
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Yasmin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - M Suleman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ahmad Zaheer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Reitz
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Soil Ecology Department, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mika T Tarkka
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Soil Ecology Department, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ejazul Islam
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Sajjad Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pinto L, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Quintieri L, Silva AC, Baruzzi F. Growth and metabolite production of a grape sour rot yeast-bacterium consortium on different carbon sources. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 296:65-74. [PMID: 30851642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate possible sugar-based trophic interactions between acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and non-Saccharomyces yeasts (NSY) involved in table grape sour rot, a disease in which berries spoilage is caused by the accumulation of several microbial metabolites. Acetobacter syzygii LMG 21419 (As) and Candida zemplinina CBS 9494 (Cz), a simplified AAB-NSY association responsible for table grape sour rot, grew differently in a minimal medium (YP) supplemented with glucose, ethanol, acetic and gluconic acid under monoculture conditions. In As -Cz co-culture media, after 24 h of incubation, As showed high relative abundance in YP-ethanol, whereas Cz was the dominant strain in YP-glucose medium. Co-culture in YP-glucose showed that glucose was converted into ethanol by Cz that, in turn, promoted the growth of As population. Gluconic acid was the main bacterial metabolite from glucose in monoculture, whereas acetic acid putatively derived from ethanol oxidation was found only in co-culture. However, gluconic acid showed inhibitory effect against As whereas acetic acid mainly inhibited Cz. Negative effects of both metabolites were mitigated in the glucose-supplemented medium. The results suggest a possible metabolic- based temporal succession between AAB and NSY during grape sour rot development. At the begin of sour rot, low glucose concentration promotes NSY producing ethanol, then, the AAB could take advantage from the oxidation of ethanol into acetic acid, becoming the dominant microbial sour rot population during the late stages of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pinto
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - M Malfeito-Ferreira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Quintieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A C Silva
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Baruzzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schweida D, Barraud P, Regl C, Loughlin FE, Huber CG, Cabrele C, Schubert M. The NMR signature of gluconoylation: a frequent N-terminal modification of isotope-labeled proteins. J Biomol NMR 2019; 73:71-79. [PMID: 30737614 PMCID: PMC6441400 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
N-terminal gluconoylation is a moderately widespread modification in recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, in particular in proteins bearing an N-terminal histidine-tag. This post-translational modification has been investigated mainly by mass spectrometry. Although its NMR signals must have been observed earlier in spectra of 13C/15N labeled proteins, their chemical shifts were not yet reported. Here we present the complete 1H and 13C chemical shift assignment of the N-terminal gluconoyl post-translational modification, based on a selection of His-tagged protein constructs (CCL2, hnRNP A1 and Lin28) starting with Met-Gly-...-(His)6. In addition, we show that the modification can hydrolyze over time, resulting in a free N-terminus and gluconate. This leads to the disappearance of the gluconoyl signals and the appearance of gluconate signals during the NMR measurements. The chemical shifts presented here can now be used as a reference for the identification of gluconoylation in recombinant proteins, in particular when isotopically labeled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Schweida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pierre Barraud
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), UMR 8261 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christof Regl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fionna E Loughlin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wilkes RA, Mendonca CM, Aristilde L. A Cyclic Metabolic Network in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 Prioritizes the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway and Exhibits Substrate Hierarchy during Carbohydrate Co-Utilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02084-18. [PMID: 30366991 PMCID: PMC6293094 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02084-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic characterization of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 was recently completed. However, the inferred metabolic network structure has not yet been evaluated experimentally. Here, we employed 13C-tracers and quantitative flux analysis to investigate the intracellular network for carbohydrate metabolism. In lieu of the direct phosphorylation of glucose by glucose kinase, glucose catabolism was characterized primarily by the oxidation of glucose to gluconate and 2-ketogluconate before the phosphorylation of these metabolites to feed the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. In the absence of phosphofructokinase activity, a cyclic flux from the ED pathway to the upper Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway was responsible for routing glucose-derived carbons to the non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. Consistent with the lack of annotated genes in P. protegens Pf-5 for the transport or initial catabolism of pentoses and galactose, only glucose was assimilated into intracellular metabolites in the presence of xylose, arabinose, or galactose. However, when glucose was fed simultaneously with fructose or mannose, co-uptake of these hexoses was evident, but glucose was preferred over fructose (3 to 1) and over mannose (4 to 1). Despite gene annotation of mannose catabolism to fructose-6-phosphate, metabolite labeling patterns revealed that mannose was assimilated into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, similarly to fructose catabolism. Remarkably, carbons from mannose and fructose were also found to cycle backward through the upper EMP pathway toward the ED pathway. Therefore, the operational metabolic network for processing carbohydrates in P. protegens Pf-5 prioritizes flux through the ED pathway to channel carbons to EMP, PP, and downstream pathways.IMPORTANCE Species of the Pseudomonas genus thrive in various nutritional environments and have strong biocatalytic potential due to their diverse metabolic capabilities. Carbohydrate substrates are ubiquitous both in environmental matrices and in feedstocks for engineered bioconversion. Here, we investigated the metabolic network for carbohydrate metabolism in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5. Metabolic flux quantitation revealed the relative involvement of different catabolic routes in channeling carbohydrate carbons through a cyclic metabolic network. We also uncovered that mannose catabolism was similar to fructose catabolism, despite the annotation of a different pathway in the genome. Elucidation of the constitutive metabolic network in P. protegens is important for understanding its innate carbohydrate processing, thus laying the foundation for targeting metabolic engineering of this untapped Pseudomonas species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Wilkes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Caroll M Mendonca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Iyer B, Rajkumar S. Genome sequence and comparative genomics of Rhizobium sp. Td3, a novel plant growth promoting phosphate solubilizing Cajanus cajan symbiont. Microbiol Res 2019; 218:32-40. [PMID: 30454656 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobium sp. Td3 is a Sesbania plant growth promoting, Cajanus cajan nodulating rhizobia. Studying its whole genome was important as it is a potent phosphate solubilizer with constitutive gluconic acid production ability through operation of the periplasmic glucose oxidation pathway even under conditions of catabolite repression. This is in contrast to the other explored phosphate solubilizers. Rhizobial isolates sequenced so far are known to lack components of the direct glucose oxidation pathway and cannot produce gluconic acid on its own. Here, we present the genome sequence of Rhizobium sp. Td3. Genome comprises of a single chromosome of size 5,606,547 bp (5.6 Mb) with no symbiotic plasmid. Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae USDA2370 was the closest whole genome known. 109 genes responsible for diverse plant growth promoting activities like P solubilization, synthesis of acetoin, nitric oxide, indole-3 acetic acid, exopolysaccharide, siderophore and trehalose have been identified. Flagellar proteins, genes encoding antibiotic and metal resistance, enzymes required for combating oxidative stress as well as attachment and colonization in the plant rhizosphere are also present. Availability of genome sequence of such a versatile plant growth promoting agent will help in exploiting all the phyto-beneficial traits of Td3 for its use as a biofertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya Iyer
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Shalini Rajkumar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Palacios V, Roldán A, Jiménez-Cantizano A, Amores-Arrocha A. Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the sensory deviation responsible for the origin of the special sherry wines "palo cortado" type. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208330. [PMID: 30540795 PMCID: PMC6291089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the biochemical changes and microbiological processes involved in the sensory deviation of "sobretablas" wines during biological aging, which leads to the origin of special or rare "palo cortado" wines. Industrial trials of biological aging of "sobretablas" wines with the potential for the development of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were performed to study this phenomenon. The results showed that sensory deviation was due to the development of malolactic fermentation (MLF) together with an attenuated aerobic metabolism of "flor" yeast. Malolactic fermentation (MLF) was promoted by the presence of malic acid concentrations that were higher than 1 g/L and the coexistence of LAB and "flor" velum yeast. Ethyl lactate, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol are some of the volatile compounds that are responsible for this sensory deviation. Wines with high levels of gluconic and malic acids (> 1 g/L) can cause, with very low probability, the sensory deviation of "palo cortado". A lysozyme dose of 12 g/hL is an effective treatment to avoid malolactic fermentation (MFL) and sensory deviation. Understanding the biochemical and microbiological changes involved in sensory deviation can be useful to wineries as markers to identify the origin of the special sherry wines "palo cortado" type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Palacios
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Roldán
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez-Cantizano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Amores-Arrocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tannous J, Kumar D, Sela N, Sionov E, Prusky D, Keller NP. Fungal attack and host defence pathways unveiled in near-avirulent interactions of Penicillium expansum creA mutants on apples. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:2635-2650. [PMID: 30047230 PMCID: PMC6638163 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the universal diseases affecting apples, blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum is a major concern, resulting in yield and quality losses as a result of the production of the mycotoxin patulin. Despite the characterization of the patulin biosynthetic gene cluster at both the molecular and chemical levels, the underlying regulation of patulin biosynthesis in P. expansum and the mechanisms of apple colonization remain largely obscure. Recent work has indicated that sucrose, a carbon catabolite repressive metabolite, is a critical factor in the regulation of patulin synthesis. Here, CreA, the global carbon catabolite regulator, was assessed for virulence both in vitro and in vivo. We showed that loss-of-function creA strains were nearly avirulent and did not produce patulin in apples. On the basis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and physiological experimentation, these mutants were unable to successfully colonize apples for a multitude of potential mechanisms including, on the pathogen side, a decreased ability to produce proteolytic enzymes and to acidify the environment and impaired carbon/nitrogen metabolism and, on the host side, an increase in the oxidative defence pathways. Our study defines CreA and its downstream signalling pathways as promising targets for the development of strategies to fight against the development and virulence of this post-harvest pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tannous
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Wisconsin – MadisonMadison 53706WIUSA
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh ProduceAgricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Edward Sionov
- Department of Food StorageAgricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh ProduceAgricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
- College of Food Science and EngineeringGansu Agricultural UniversityYinmencun 1Anning District, Lanzhou730070China
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Wisconsin – MadisonMadison 53706WIUSA
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity of Wisconsin – MadisonMadison 53706WIUSA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun W, Alexander T, Man Z, Xiao F, Cui F, Qi X. Enhancing 2-Ketogluconate Production of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 by Maintaining the Carbon Catabolite Repression of 2-Ketogluconate Metabolism. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102629. [PMID: 30322137 PMCID: PMC6222622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Ketogluconate (2KGA) is an organic acid that is important for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and environmental applications. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 strain is an important industrial 2KGA producer in China. In this paper, we found that P. plecoglossicida JUIM01 could convert glucose to 2KGA extracellularly, and the formed 2KGA was subsequently consumed after glucose was exhausted during the fermentation process. Experiments of glucose and 2KGA supplementation during fermentation process revealed that, only when glucose was exhausted, the strain started to consume the product 2KGA. Then, the mechanism of this phenomenon was investigated at transcription and protein levels, and the results indicated that P. plecoglossicida JUIM01 possesses carbon catabolite repression of 2KGA metabolism by glucose. Next, increasing the supply of glucose could attenuate 2KGA consumption and enhance the 2KGA yield from glucose. Finally, fed-batch fermentation of P. plecoglossicida JUIM01 resulted in 205.67 g/L of 2KGA with a productivity of 6.86 g/L/h and yield of 0.953 g/g glucose. These results can provide references for the industrial fermentation production of 2KGA and other fermentation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd., Dexing, 334221, China.
| | - Tjahjasari Alexander
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zaiwei Man
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Fangfang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd., Dexing, 334221, China.
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tian X, Shen Y, Zhuang Y, Zhao W, Hang H, Chu J. Kinetic analysis of sodium gluconate production by Aspergillus niger with different inlet oxygen concentrations. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1697-1706. [PMID: 30062601 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To further understand fermentation kinetics of sodium gluconate (SG) production by Aspergillus niger with different inlet oxygen concentrations, logistic model for cell growth and two-step models for SG production and glucose consumption were established. The results demonstrated that the maximum specific growth rate (µm) presented exponential relationship with inlet oxygen concentration and the maximum biomass (Xm) exhibited linear increase. In terms of SG production, two-step model with Luedeking-Piret equation during growth phase and oxygen-dependent equation during stationary phase could well fit the experimental data. Notably, high inlet oxygen concentration exponentially improved SG yield (YP/S), whereas biomass yield to glucose (YX/S) and cell maintenance coefficient (m) were almost independent on inlet oxygen concentration, indicating that high oxygen supply enhancing SG synthesis not only functioning as a substrate directly, but also regulating glucose metabolism towards SG formation. Finally, the applicability and predictability of the proposed models were further validated by additional experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shan Dong Fuyang Biological Technology Co., ltd, Dezhou, China
| | - Haifeng Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Debnath M, Ashwath N, Hill CB, Callahan DL, Dias DA, Jayasinghe NS, Midmore DJ, Roessner U. Comparative metabolic and ionomic profiling of two cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Bertoni) grown under salinity stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:56-70. [PMID: 29800808 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive investigation on the impact of increasing NaCl concentrations on hydroponically grown Stevia rebaudiana cultivars (Shoutian-2 and Fengtian). Growth parameters including plant height, biomass and physiological responses including osmotic potential were measured. In addition, the levels of steviol glycosides, elements and primary metabolites were measured and statistically evaluated. The cultivar Fengtian grew faster, accumulated less Na+ and compatible organic solutes, and more K+ in the leaves, as compared to the cv. Shoutian-2. Metabolite analysis identified 81 differentially accumulated metabolites, indicating an alteration in the metabolite phenotype of both cultivars upon exposure to salinity A general increase in many amino acids, amines, sugars and sugar phosphates with a concurrent decrease in most organic acids; including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, was observed. In the more salt tolerant cv. Fengtian, the levels of hexose phosphates and metabolites involved in cellular protection increased in response to salinity. These metabolites remained unchanged in the sensitive cv. Shoutian-2. Interestingly, salt treatment notably increased the rebaudioside A concentration by 53% while at the same time stevioside decreased by 38% in Fengtian which has important implications for controlling the relative amounts of reboudioside A and stevioside. The findings of this study leads to the conclusion that mild salinity stress can increase the yield of sweetener compounds, which is dependent on the cultivar and the level of salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India; Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Nanjappa Ashwath
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Daniel Anthony Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | - David James Midmore
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Beneyton T, Krafft D, Bednarz C, Kleineberg C, Woelfer C, Ivanov I, Vidaković-Koch T, Sundmacher K, Baret JC. Out-of-equilibrium microcompartments for the bottom-up integration of metabolic functions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2391. [PMID: 29921909 PMCID: PMC6008305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-sustained metabolic pathways in microcompartments are the corner-stone for living systems. From a technological viewpoint, such pathways are a mandatory prerequisite for the reliable design of artificial cells functioning out-of-equilibrium. Here we develop a microfluidic platform for the miniaturization and analysis of metabolic pathways in man-made microcompartments formed of water-in-oil droplets. In a modular approach, we integrate in the microcompartments a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent enzymatic reaction and a NAD-regeneration module as a minimal metabolism. We show that the microcompartments sustain a metabolically active state until the substrate is fully consumed. Reversibly, the external addition of the substrate reboots the metabolic activity of the microcompartments back to an active state. We therefore control the metabolic state of thousands of independent monodisperse microcompartments, a step of relevance for the construction of large populations of metabolically active artificial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beneyton
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Dorothee Krafft
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Bednarz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christin Kleineberg
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Woelfer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Siemen A, Kosciow K, Schweiger P, Deppenmeier U. Production of 5-ketofructose from fructose or sucrose using genetically modified Gluconobacter oxydans strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1699-1710. [PMID: 29279957 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing consumer demand for low-calorie, sugar-free foodstuff motivated us to search for alternative non-nutritive sweeteners. A promising sweet-tasting compound is 5-keto-D-fructose (5-KF), which is formed by membrane-bound fructose dehydrogenases (Fdh) in some Gluconobacter strains. The plasmid-based expression of the fdh genes in Gluconobacter (G.) oxydans resulted in a much higher Fdh activity in comparison to the native host G. japonicus. Growth experiments with G. oxydans fdh in fructose-containing media indicated that 5-KF was rapidly formed with a conversion efficiency of 90%. 5-KF production from fructose was also observed using resting cells with a yield of about 100%. In addition, a new approach was tested for the production of the sweetener 5-KF by using sucrose as a substrate. To this end, a two-strain system composed of the fdh-expressing strain and a G. oxydans strain that produced the sucrose hydrolyzing SacC was developed. The strains were co-cultured in sucrose medium and converted 92.5% of the available fructose units into 5-KF. The glucose moiety of sucrose was converted to 2-ketogluconate and acetate. With regard to the development of a sustainable and resource-saving process for the production of 5-KF, sugar beet extract was used as substrate for the two-strain system. Fructose as product from sucrose cleavage was mainly oxidized to 5-KF which was detected in a concentration of over 200 mM at the end of the fermentation process. In summary, the two-strain system was able to convert fructose units of sugar beet extract to 5-KF with an efficiency of 82 ± 5%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Schweiger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - Uwe Deppenmeier
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Daddaoua A, Corral-Lugo A, Ramos JL, Krell T. Identification of GntR as regulator of the glucose metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3721-3733. [PMID: 28752954 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to Escherichia coli, glucose metabolism in pseudomonads occurs exclusively through the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. This pathway, as well as the three routes to generate the initial ED pathway substrate, 6-phosphogluconate, is regulated by the PtxS, HexR and GtrS/GltR systems. With GntR (PA2320) we report here the identification of an additional regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. GntR repressed its own expression as well as that of the GntP gluconate permease. In contrast to PtxS and GtrS/GltR, GntR did not modulate expression of the toxA gene encoding the exotoxin A virulence factor. GntR was found to bind to promoters PgntR and PgntP and the consensus sequence of its operator was defined as 5'-AC-N-AAG-N-TAGCGCT-3'. Both operator sites overlapped with the RNA polymerase binding site and we show that GntR employs an effector mediated de-repression mechanism. The release of promoter bound GntR is induced by gluconate and 6-phosphogluconate that bind with similar apparent affinities to the GntR/DNA complex. GntR and PtxS are paralogous and may have evolved from a common ancestor. The concerted action of four regulatory systems in the regulation of glucose metabolism in Pseudomonas can be considered as a model to understand complex regulatory circuits in bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Daddaoua
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - A Corral-Lugo
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - J-L Ramos
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Campilongo R, Fung RKY, Little RH, Grenga L, Trampari E, Pepe S, Chandra G, Stevenson CEM, Roncarati D, Malone JG. One ligand, two regulators and three binding sites: How KDPG controls primary carbon metabolism in Pseudomonas. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006839. [PMID: 28658302 PMCID: PMC5489143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective regulation of primary carbon metabolism is critically important for bacteria to successfully adapt to different environments. We have identified an uncharacterised transcriptional regulator; RccR, that controls this process in response to carbon source availability. Disruption of rccR in the plant-associated microbe Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibits growth in defined media, and compromises its ability to colonise the wheat rhizosphere. Structurally, RccR is almost identical to the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway regulator HexR, and both proteins are controlled by the same ED-intermediate; 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG). Despite these similarities, HexR and RccR control entirely different aspects of primary metabolism, with RccR regulating pyruvate metabolism (aceEF), the glyoxylate shunt (aceA, glcB, pntAA) and gluconeogenesis (pckA, gap). RccR displays complex and unusual regulatory behaviour; switching repression between the pyruvate metabolism and glyoxylate shunt/gluconeogenesis loci depending on the available carbon source. This regulatory complexity is enabled by two distinct pseudo-palindromic binding sites, differing only in the length of their linker regions, with KDPG binding increasing affinity for the 28 bp aceA binding site but decreasing affinity for the 15 bp aceE site. Thus, RccR is able to simultaneously suppress and activate gene expression in response to carbon source availability. Together, the RccR and HexR regulators enable the rapid coordination of multiple aspects of primary carbon metabolism, in response to levels of a single key intermediate. Here we show how Pseudomonas controls multiple different primary carbon metabolism pathways by sensing levels of KDPG, an Entner Doudoroff (ED) pathway intermediate. KDPG binds to two highly similar transcription factors; the ED regulator HexR and the previously uncharacterised protein RccR. RccR inversely controls the glyoxylate shunt, gluconeogenesis and pyruvate metabolism, suppressing the first two pathways as pyruvate metabolism genes are expressed, and vice versa. This complex regulation is enabled by two distinct RccR-binding consensus sequences in the RccR regulon promoters. KDPG binding simultaneously increases RccR affinity for the glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis promoters, and releases repression of pyruvate metabolism. This elegant two-regulator circuit allows Pseudomonas to rapidly respond to carbon source availability by sensing a single key intermediate, KDPG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Campilongo
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Istituto Pasteur- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘‘C. Darwin”, Sapienza Universita`di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Rowena K. Y. Fung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Little
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Grenga
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Eleftheria Trampari
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Pepe
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology – FaBiT, Bologna, Italy
| | - Govind Chandra
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Davide Roncarati
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology – FaBiT, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacob G. Malone
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moreno KX, Harrison CE, Merritt ME, Kovacs Z, Malloy CR, Sherry AD. Hyperpolarized δ-[1- 13 C]gluconolactone as a probe of the pentose phosphate pathway. NMR Biomed 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3713. [PMID: 28272754 PMCID: PMC5502806 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is thought to be upregulated in trauma (to produce excess NADPH) and in cancer (to provide ribose for nucleotide biosynthesis), but simple methods for detecting changes in flux through this pathway are not available. MRI of hyperpolarized 13 C-enriched metabolites offers considerable potential as a rapid, non-invasive tool for detecting changes in metabolic fluxes. In this study, hyperpolarized δ-[1-13 C]gluconolactone was used as a probe to detect flux through the oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPPox ) in isolated perfused mouse livers. The appearance of hyperpolarized (HP) H13 CO3- within seconds after exposure of livers to HP-δ-[1-13 C]gluconolactone demonstrates that this probe rapidly enters hepatocytes, becomes phosphorylated, and enters the PPPox pathway to produce HP-H13 CO3- after three enzyme catalyzed steps (6P-gluconolactonase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase). Livers perfused with octanoate as their sole energy source show no change in production of H13 CO3- after exposure to low levels of H2 O2 , while livers perfused with glucose and insulin showed a twofold increase in H13 CO3- after exposure to peroxide. This indicates that flux through the PPPox is stimulated by H2 O2 in glucose perfused livers but not in livers perfused with octanoate alone. Subsequent perfusion of livers with non-polarized [1,2-13 C]glucose followed by 1 H NMR analysis of lactate in the perfusate verified that flux through the PPPox is indeed low in healthy livers and modestly higher in peroxide damaged livers. We conclude that hyperpolarized δ-[1-13 C]gluconolactone has the potential to serve as a metabolic imaging probe of this important biological pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlos X. Moreno
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Crystal E. Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083
- Corresponding Author: A. Dean Sherry; Advanced Imaging Research Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390; telephone: +1 (214) 645-2730, fax: +1 (214) 645-2744; ; URL: http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/home/research/AIRC/index.html
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nishiyama R, Inoue A, Ojima T. Identification of 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-Gluconate Kinase and 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-Phosphogluconate Aldolase in an Alginate-Assimilating Bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. Strain UMI-01. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020037. [PMID: 28216576 PMCID: PMC5334617 DOI: 10.3390/md15020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified an alginate-assimilating gene cluster in the genome of Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01, a member of Bacteroidetes. Alginate lyase genes and a 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH) reductase gene in the cluster have already been characterized; however, 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-gluconate (KDG) kinase and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) aldolase genes, i.e., flkin and flald, still remained uncharacterized. The amino acid sequences deduced from flkin and flald showed low identities with those of corresponding enzymes of Saccharophagus degradans 2-40T, a member of Proteobacteria (Kim et al., Process Biochem., 2016). This led us to consider that the DEH-assimilating enzymes of Bacteroidetes species are somewhat deviated from those of Proteobacteria species. Thus, in the present study, we first assessed the characteristics in the primary structures of KDG kinase and KDG aldolase of the strain UMI-01, and then investigated the enzymatic properties of recombinant enzymes, recFlKin and recFlAld, expressed by an Escherichia coli expression system. Multiple-sequence alignment among KDG kinases and KDG aldolases from several Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes species indicated that the strain UMI-01 enzymes showed considerably low sequence identities (15%-25%) with the Proteobacteria enzymes, while they showed relatively high identities (47%-68%) with the Bacteroidetes enzymes. Phylogenetic analyses for these enzymes indicated the distant relationship between the Proteobacteria enzymes and the Bacteroidetes enzymes, i.e., they formed distinct clusters in the phylogenetic tree. recFlKin and recFlAld produced with the genes flkin and flald, respectively, were confirmed to show KDG kinase and KDPG aldolase activities. Namely, recFlKin produced 1.7 mM KDPG in a reaction mixture containing 2.5 mM KDG and 2.5 mM ATP in a 90-min reaction, while recFlAld produced 1.2 mM pyruvate in the reaction mixture containing 5 mM KDPG at the equilibrium state. An in vitro alginate-metabolizing system constructed from recFlKin, recFlAld, and previously reported alginate lyases and DEH reductase of the strain UMI-01 could convert alginate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate with an efficiency of 38%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Akira Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Takao Ojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bahaloo-Horeh N, Mousavi SM. Enhanced recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through optimization of organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger. Waste Manag 2017; 60:666-679. [PMID: 27825532 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, spent medium bioleaching method was performed using organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger to dissolve Ni, Co, Mn, Li, Cu and Al from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects and interactions between the effective factors of sucrose concentration, initial pH, and inoculum size to optimize organic acid production. Maximum citric acid, malic acid, and gluconic acid concentrations of 26,478, 1832.53 and 8433.76ppm, respectively, and a minimum oxalic acid concentration of 305.558ppm were obtained under optimal conditions of 116.90 (gl-1) sucrose concentration, 3.45% (vv-1) inoculum size, and a pH value of 5.44. Biogenically-produced organic acids are used for leaching of spent LIBs at different pulp densities. The highest metal recovery of 100% Cu, 100% Li, 77% Mn, and 75% Al occurred at 2% (wv-1) pulp density; 64% Co and 54% Ni recovery occurred at 1% (wv-1) pulp density. The bioleaching of metals from spent LIBs can decrease the environmental impact of this waste. The results of this study suggest that the process can be used for large scale industrial purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Bahaloo-Horeh
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lu F, Li C, Wang Z, Zhao W, Chu J, Zhuang Y, Zhang S. High efficiency cell-recycle continuous sodium gluconate production by Aspergillus niger using on-line physiological parameters association analysis to regulate feed rate rationally. Bioresour Technol 2016; 220:433-441. [PMID: 27611026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a system of cell-recycle continuous fermentation for sodium gluconate (SG) production by Aspergillus niger (A. niger) was established. Based on initial continuous fermentation result (100.0h) with constant feed rate, an automatic feedback strategy to regulate feed rate using on-line physiological parameters (OUR and DO) was proposed and applied successfully for the first time in the improved continuous fermentation (240.5h). Due to less auxiliary time, highest SG production rate (31.05±0.29gL(-1)h(-1)) and highest yield (0.984±0.067molmol(-1)), overall SG production capacity (975.8±5.8gh(-1)) in 50-L fermentor of improved continuous fermentation increased more than 300.0% compared to that of batch fermentation. Improvement of mass transfer and dispersed mycelia morphology were the two major reasons responsible for the high SG production rate. This system had been successfully applied to industrial fermentation and SG production was greatly improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shan Dong Fuyang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Song Y, Li J, Shin HD, Liu L, Du G, Chen J. Biotechnological production of alpha-keto acids: Current status and perspectives. Bioresour Technol 2016; 219:716-724. [PMID: 27575335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-keto (α-keto) acids are used widely in feeds, food additives, pharmaceuticals, and in chemical synthesis processes. Although most α-keto acids are currently produced by chemical synthesis, their biotechnological production from renewable carbohydrates is a promising new approach. In this mini-review, we first present the different types of α-keto acids as well as their applications; next, we summarize the recent progresses in the biotechnological production of some important α-keto acids; namely, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketoisocaproate, phenylpyruvate, α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyrate, and 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate. Finally, we discuss the future prospects as well as favorable directions for the biotechnological production of keto acids that ultimately would be more environment-friendly and simpler compared with the production by chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hyun-Dong Shin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang H, Liu G, Zhang J, Bao J. Fermentative production of high titer gluconic and xylonic acids from corn stover feedstock by Gluconobacter oxydans and techno-economic analysis. Bioresour Technol 2016; 219:123-131. [PMID: 27484668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High titer gluconic acid and xylonic acid were simultaneously fermented by Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2003 using corn stover feedstock after dry dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, biodetoxification and high solids content hydrolysis. Maximum sodium gluconate and xylonate were produced at the titer of 132.46g/L and 38.86g/L with the overall yield of 97.12% from glucose and 90.02% from xylose, respectively. The drawbacks of filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger including weak inhibitor tolerance, large pellet formation and no xylose utilization were solved by using the bacterium strain G. oxydans. The obtained sodium gluconate/xylonate product was highly competitive as cement retarder additive to the commercial product from corn feedstock. The techno-economic analysis (TEA) based on the Aspen Plus modeling was performed and the minimum sodium gluconate/xylonate product selling price (MGSP) was calculated as $0.404/kg. This study provided a practical and economic competitive process of lignocellulose utilization for production of value-added biobased chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang C, Wei D, Zhang Z, Wang D, Shi J, Kim CH, Jiang B, Han Z, Hao J. Production of xylonic acid by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10055-10063. [PMID: 27629123 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The glucose oxidation pathway is important for glucose catabolism in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gluconic acid and 2-ketogluconic acid are intermediates of this pathway, and the production of these two chemicals has been developed in K. pneumoniae mutants. Catalysis characteristic research in this study has shown that xylose is a suitable substrate of the glucose dehydrogenase of this pathway. Here, using xylose as substrate, xylonic acid was accumulated in the broth of K. pneumoniae culture, and this process was dependent upon acidic conditions. Using a mixture of glucose and xylose as substrates, a mixture of xylonic acid and gluconic acid was produced by the Δgad mutant of K. pneumoniae; gluconic acid was synthesized early, and xylonic acid synthesis began after most glucose was consumed. Using the hydrolysate of bamboo as substrate, mixture of 33 g/L gluconic acid and 14 g/L xylonic acid were produced by K. pneumoniae Δgad. In fed-batch fermentation, 103 g/L xylonic acid was produced after 79 h culture, with a conversion ratio of 1.11 g/g. This is the first report of xylonic acid produced by K. pneumoniae. Production of xylonic acid and gluconic acid using bamboo hydrolysate is a novel approach for biomass utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Wang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wei
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxi Zhang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Wang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Shi
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- School of life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chul Ho Kim
- Biorefinery Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, KRIBB, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 580-185, South Korea
| | - Biao Jiang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengsheng Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Hao
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barad S, Espeso EA, Sherman A, Prusky D. Ammonia activates pacC and patulin accumulation in an acidic environment during apple colonization by Penicillium expansum. Mol Plant Pathol 2016; 17:727-40. [PMID: 26420024 PMCID: PMC6638319 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mould rot, causes severe post-harvest fruit maceration simultaneously with the secretion of d-gluconic acid (GLA) and the mycotoxin patulin in colonized tissue. The factor(s) inducing patulin biosynthesis during colonization of the host acidic environment is unclear. During the colonization of apple fruit in vivo and growth in culture, P. expansum secretes pH-modulating GLA and ammonia. Although patulin and its possible opportunistic precursor GLA accumulate together during fungal development, ammonia is detected on the colonized tissue's leading edge and after extended culture, close to patulin accumulation. Here, we demonstrate ammonia-induced transcript activation of the global pH modulator PacC and patulin accumulation in the presence of GLA by: (i) direct exogenous treatment of P. expansum growing on solid medium; (ii) direct exogenous treatment on colonized apple tissue; (iii) growth under self-ammonia production conditions with limited carbon; and (iv) analysis of the transcriptional response to ammonia of the patulin biosynthesis cluster. Ammonia induced patulin accumulation concurrently with the transcript activation of pacC and patulin biosynthesis cluster genes, indicating the regulatory effect of ammonia on pacC transcript expression under acidic conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using P. expansum PacC and antibodies to the different cleaved proteins showed that PacC is not protected against proteolytic signalling at pH 4.5 relative to pH 7.0, but NH4 addition did not further enhance its proteolytic cleavage. Ammonia enhanced the activation of palF transcript in the Pal pathway under acidic conditions. Ammonia accumulation in the host environment by the pathogen under acidic pH may be a regulatory cue for pacC activation, towards the accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as patulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Barad
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Eduardo A Espeso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (C.I.B.), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amir Sherman
- Genomics Unit, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang H, Zhang J, Bao J. High titer gluconic acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger from dry dilute acid pretreated corn stover without detoxification. Bioresour Technol 2016; 203:211-9. [PMID: 26724553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reported a high titer gluconic acid fermentation using dry dilute acid pretreated corn stover (DDAP) hydrolysate without detoxification. The selected fermenting strain Aspergillus niger SIIM M276 was capable of inhibitor degradation thus no detoxification on pretreated corn stover was required. Parameters of gluconic acid fermentation in corn stover hydrolysate were optimized in flasks and in fermentors to achieve 76.67 g/L gluconic acid with overall yield of 94.91%. The sodium gluconate obtained from corn stover was used as additive for extending setting time of cement mortar and similar function was obtained with starch based sodium gluconate. This study provided the first high titer gluconic acid production from lignocellulosic feedstock with potential of industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu F, Wang Z, Zhao W, Chu J, Zhuang Y. A simple novel approach for real-time monitoring of sodium gluconate production by on-line physiological parameters in batch fermentation by Aspergillus niger. Bioresour Technol 2016; 202:133-141. [PMID: 26706727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, approach for real-time monitoring of sodium gluconate (SG) fermentation was established for the first time by the equations which can calculate real-time key-parameters by on-line physiological data. Based on this approach, limiting factors were found out in initial fermentation F1 and then step-wise agitation increase and improved medium recipe were proposed in fermentation F2 and F3, respectively. The highest average SG production rate (16.58±0.91 g L(-1) h(-1)) was achieved in fermentation F3, which was 104.2% and 48.0% higher than those in fermentation F1 and F2, respectively. Meanwhile, due to shorter fermentation period (decreased from 34 h to 18.7 h), lower biomass (about 1.5 g L(-1)) and less by-product accumulation, the overall yield of 0.943±0.012 (mol mol(-1)) in fermentation F3 increased more than 16.0% compared to fermentation F1. This approach had been successfully applied to industrial fermentation and greatly improved SG production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shan Dong Fuyang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Giles CD, Hsu PCL, Richardson AE, Hurst MRH, Hill JE. The role of gluconate production by Pseudomonas spp. in the mineralization and bioavailability of calcium-phytate to Nicotiana tabacum. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:885-97. [PMID: 26435508 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic phosphorus (P) is abundant in most soils but is largely unavailable to plants. Pseudomonas spp. can improve the availability of P to plants through the production of phytases and organic anions. Gluconate is a major component of Pseudomonas organic anion production and may therefore play an important role in the mineralization of insoluble organic P forms such as calcium-phytate (CaIHP). Organic anion and phytase production was characterized in 2 Pseudomonas spp. soil isolates (CCAR59, Ha200) and an isogenic mutant of strain Ha200, which lacked a functional glucose dehydrogenase (Gcd) gene (strain Ha200 gcd::Tn5B8). Wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas spp. were evaluated for their ability to solubilize and hydrolyze CaIHP and to promote the growth and assimilation of P by tobacco plants. Gluconate, 2-keto-gluconate, pyruvate, ascorbate, acetate, and formate were detected in Pseudomonas spp. supernatants. Wild-type pseudomonads containing a functional gcd could produce gluconate and mineralize CaIHP, whereas the isogenic mutant could not. Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved the bioavailability of CaIHP to tobacco plants, but there was no difference in plant growth response due to Gcd function. Gcd function is required for the mineralization of CaIHP in vitro; however, further studies will be needed to quantify the relative contribution of specific organic anions such as gluconate to plant growth promotion by soil pseudomonads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D Giles
- a The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Pei-Chun Lisa Hsu
- b AgResearch Lincoln, Innovative Farm Systems, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | | | - Mark R H Hurst
- b AgResearch Lincoln, Innovative Farm Systems, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jane E Hill
- d Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH 037553, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hsu PCL, Condron L, O'Callaghan M, Hurst MRH. HemX is required for production of 2-ketogluconate, the predominant organic anion required for inorganic phosphate solubilization by Burkholderia sp. Ha185. Environ Microbiol Rep 2015; 7:918-928. [PMID: 26256849 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Burkholderia sp. Ha185 readily solubilizes inorganic phosphate by releasing the low molecular weight organic anion, 2-ketogluconate. Using random transposon mutagenesis and in silico analysis, a mutation that caused almost complete abolition of phosphate solubilization was located within hemX, which is part of the hem operon. Burkholderia sp. Ha185 HemX is a multidomain protein, predicted to encode a bifunctional uroporphyrinogen-III synthetase/uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase, which has not previously been implicated in phosphate solubilization. Complementation of hemX restored the ability of the mutant to solubilize phosphate in both plate and liquid cultures. Based on a combination of organic-anion profiling, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in silico analyses, hemX was confirmed to be solely responsible for hydroxyapatite solubilization in Burkholderia sp. Ha185. It is proposed that the biosynthesis of a yet to be determined redox cofactor by HemX is the main pathway for generating 2-ketogluconate via a haem-dependent gluconate 2-dehydrogenase in Burkholderia sp. Ha185.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Lisa Hsu
- Innovative Farm Systems, AgResearch Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Soil Biology, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Leo Condron
- Soil Biology, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Maureen O'Callaghan
- Innovative Farm Systems, AgResearch Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Soil Biology, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark R H Hurst
- Innovative Farm Systems, AgResearch Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Soil Biology, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Simultaneous production of lactobionic and gluconic acid in cheese whey/glucose co-fermentation by Pseudomonas taetrolens. Bioresour Technol 2015; 196:314-323. [PMID: 26253915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Substrate versatility of Pseudomonas taetrolens was evaluated for the first time in a co-fermentation system combining cheese whey and glucose, glycerol or lactose as co-substrates. Results showed that P. taetrolens displayed different production patterns depending on the co-substrate supplied. Whereas the presence of glucose led to a simultaneous co-production of lactobionic (78g/L) and gluconic acid (8.8g/L), lactose feeding stimulated the overproduction of lactobionic acid from whey with a high specific productivity (1.4g/gh) and yield (100%). Co-substrate supply of glycerol conversely led to reduced lactobionic acid yield (82%) but higher cell densities (1.8g/L), channelling the carbon source towards cell growth and maintenance. Higher carbon availability impaired the metabolic activity as well as membrane integrity, whereas lactose feeding improved the cellular functionality of P. taetrolens. Insights into these mixed carbon source strategies open up the possibility of co-producing lactobionic and gluconic acid into an integrated single-cell biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Alonso
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Schmutzler K, Kracht ON, Schmid A, Buehler K. Trophic regulation of autoaggregation in Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:347-60. [PMID: 26428239 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Five mutants of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120ΔCeGFP showed significant autoaggregation when growing on defined carbohydrates or gluconate, while they grew as suspended cells on complex medium and on organic acids like citrate and succinate. Surprisingly, the respective mutations affected very different genes, although all five strains exhibited the same behaviour of aggregate formation. To elucidate the mechanism of the aggregative behaviour, the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) assay and contact angle measurements were performed that pointed to an increased cell surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, investigations of the outer layer of the cell membrane revealed a reduced amount of O-specific polysaccharides in the lipopolysaccharide of the mutant cells. To determine the regulation of the aggregation, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR was performed and, irrespective of the mutation, the transcription of a gene encoding a putative phosphodiesterase, which is degrading the global second messenger cyclic diguanylate, was decreased or even deactivated in all mutants. In summary, it appears that the trophic autoaggregation was regulated via cyclic diguanylate and a link between the cellular cyclic diguanylate concentration and the lipopolysaccharide composition of P. taiwanensis VLB120ΔCeGFP is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Schmutzler
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Octavia Natascha Kracht
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Buehler
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pirog TP, Shevchuk TA, Beregova KA. [GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN SURFACTANTS PRODUCER NOCARDIA VACCINII IMV B-7405]. Mikrobiol Z 2015; 77:2-10. [PMID: 26638479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Key enzymes of glucose metabolism were detected in the cells of surfactants producer Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 grown on this substrate. It has been established that glucose catabolism is performed through gluconate (FAD(+)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase activity 698 ± 35 nmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) of protein). Oxidation of gluconate to 6-phosphogluconate is catalised by gluconokinase (178 ± 9 nmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) of protein). 6-Phosphogluconate was involved into pentose phosphate cycle by constitutive NADP(+)-dependent 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (activity 357 ± 17 nmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) of protein). The data obtained serve as the basis for theoretical calculations of optimal molar ratio of concentrations of energetically nonequivalent substrates for intensifying the surfactants synthesis on their mixture.
Collapse
|
48
|
Shi YY, Li KF, Lin JP, Yang SL, Wei DZ. Engineered Expression Vectors Significantly Enhanced the Production of 2-Keto-D-gluconic Acid by Gluconobacter oxidans. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:5492-8. [PMID: 26009934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
2-Keto-D-gluconic acid (2KGA), a precursor of the important food antioxidant erythorbic acid, can be produced by Gluconobacter oxidans. To genetically engineer G. oxidans for improved 2KGA production, six new expression vectors with increased copy numbers based on pBBR1MCS-5 were constructed via rational mutagenesis. The utility of the mutant vectors was demonstrated by the increased ga2dh mRNA abundance, enzyme activity, and 2KGA production when the ga2dh gene was overexpressed using these vectors. Among the obtained constructs, G. oxidans/pBBR-3510-ga2dh displayed the highest oxidative activity toward gluconic acid (GA). In a batch biotransformation process, the G. oxidans/pBBR-3510-ga2dh strain exhibited 2KGA productivity (0.63 g/g CWW/h) higher than that obtained using strain G. oxidans/pBBR-ga2dh (0.40 g/g CWW/h). When sufficient oxygen was supplied during the biotransformation, up to 480 g/L GA was exhausted in 45 h by the G. oxidans/pBBR-3510-ga2dh strain and approximately 486 g/L 2KGA was produced, generating the productivity of 0.54 g/g CWW/h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ke-fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin-ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng-li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dong-zhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pirog TP, Shevchuk TA, Beregova KA, Kudrya NV. [PECULIARITIES OF GLUCOSE AND GLYCEROL METABOLISM IN Nocardia vaccinii IMB B-7405]. Ukr Biochem J 2015; 87:66-75. [PMID: 26255340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established that in cells of Nocardia vaccinii IMB B-7405 (surfactant producer) glucose catabolism is performed through pentose phosphate cycle as well as through gluconate (activity of NAD+-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and FAD+-dependent glucose dehydrogenase 835 ± 41 and 698 ± 35 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein respectively). 6-Phosphogluconate formed in the gluconokinase reaction is involved in the pentose phosphate cycle (activity of constitutive NADP+-dependent 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 357 ± 17 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein). Glycerol catabolism to dihydroxyacetonephosphate (the intermediate of glycolysis) may be performed in two ways: through glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol kinase activity 244 ± 12 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein) and through dihydroxyacetone. Replenishment of the C4-dicarboxylic acids pool in N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 grown on glucose and glycerol occurs in the phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)carboxylase reaction (714-803 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein). 2-Oxoglutarate was involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle by alternate pathway with the participation of 2-oxoglutarate synthase. The observed activity of both key enzymes of gluconeogenesis (PEP-carboxykinase and PEP-synthase), trehalose phosphate synthase and NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase confirmed the ability of IMV B-7405 strain to the synthesis of surface active glycoand aminolipids, respectively.
Collapse
|
50
|
Cheng X, van der Voort M, Raaijmakers JM. Gac-mediated changes in pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis enhance the antimicrobial activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25. Environ Microbiol Rep 2015; 7:139-47. [PMID: 25356880 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In Pseudomonas species, production of secondary metabolites and exoenzymes is regulated by the GacS/GacA two-component regulatory system. In Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, mutations in the Gac-system cause major transcriptional changes and abolished production of the lipopeptide viscosin and of an exoprotease. In contrast to many other Pseudomonas species and strains, inactivation of the Gac-system in strain SBW25 significantly enhanced its antimicrobial activities against oomycete, fungal and bacterial pathogens. Here, random plasposon mutagenesis of the gacS mutant led to the identification of seven mutants with reduced or loss of antimicrobial activity. In four mutants, the plasposon insertion was located in genes of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) biosynthesis pathway. Genetic complementation, ectopic expression, activity bioassays and Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses revealed that a gacS mutation in SBW25 leads to enhanced expression of pqq genes, resulting in an increase in gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acid production, which in turn acidified the extracellular medium to levels that inhibit growth of other microorganisms. We also showed that PQQ-mediated acidification comes with a growth penalty for the gacS mutant in the stationary phase. In conclusion, PQQ-mediated acidification compensates for the loss of several antimicrobial traits in P. fluorescens SBW25 and may help gac mutants to withstand competitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|