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Li J, Jethva PN, Rohrs HW, Chemuru S, Miller K, Gross ML, Beckingham KM. Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Provides Insights into the Role of Drosophila Testis-Specific Myosin VI Light Chain AndroCaM. Biochemistry 2024; 63:610-624. [PMID: 38357882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In Drosophila testis, myosin VI plays a special role, distinct from its motor function, by anchoring components to the unusual actin-based structures (cones) that are required for spermatid individualization. For this, the two calmodulin (CaM) light-chain molecules of myosin VI are replaced by androcam (ACaM), a related protein with 67% identity to CaM. Although ACaM has a similar bi-lobed structure to CaM, with two EF hand-type Ca2+ binding sites per lobe, only one functional Ca2+ binding site operates in the amino-terminus. To understand this light chain substitution, we used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to examine dynamic changes in ACaM and CaM upon Ca2+ binding and interaction with the two CaM binding motifs of myosin VI (insert2 and IQ motif). HDX-MS reveals that binding of Ca2+ to ACaM destabilizes its N-lobe but stabilizes the entire C-lobe, whereas for CaM, Ca2+ binding induces a pattern of alternating stabilization/destabilization throughout. The conformation of this stable holo-C-lobe of ACaM seems to be a "prefigured" version of the conformation adopted by the holo-C-lobe of CaM for binding to insert2 and the IQ motif of myosin VI. Strikingly, the interaction of holo-ACaM with either peptide converts the holo-N-lobe to its Ca2+-free, more stable, form. Thus, ACaM in vivo should bind the myosin VI light chain sites in an apo-N-lobe/holo-C-lobe state that cannot fulfill the Ca2+-related functions of holo-CaM required for myosin VI motor assembly and activity. These findings indicate that inhibition of myosin VI motor activity is a precondition for transition to an anchoring function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Prashant N Jethva
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Henry W Rohrs
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Saketh Chemuru
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kathryn Miller
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kathleen M Beckingham
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Grauslund LR, Ständer S, Veggi D, Andreano E, Rand KD, Norais N. Epitope Mapping of Human Polyclonal Antibodies to the fHbp Antigen of a Neisseria Meningitidis Vaccine by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100734. [PMID: 38342408 PMCID: PMC10959699 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen-antibody interactions play a key role in the immune response post vaccination and the mechanism of action of antibody-based biopharmaceuticals. 4CMenB is a multicomponent vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in which factor H binding protein (fHbp) is one of the key antigens. In this study, we use hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to identify epitopes in fHbp recognized by polyclonal antibodies (pAb) from two human donors (HDs) vaccinated with 4CMenB. Our HDX-MS data reveal several epitopes recognized by the complex mixture of human pAb. Furthermore, we show that the pAb from the two HDs recognize the same epitope regions. Epitope mapping of total pAb and purified fHbp-specific pAb from the same HD reveals that the two antibody samples recognize the same main epitopes, showing that HDX-MS based epitope mapping can, in this case at least, be performed directly using total IgG pAb samples that have not undergone Ab-selective purification. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were previously produced from B-cell repertoire sequences from one of the HDs and used for epitope mapping of fHbp with HDX-MS. The epitopes identified for the pAb from the same HD in this study, overlap with the epitopes recognized by the two individual mAbs. Overall, HDX-MS epitope mapping appears highly suitable for simultaneous identification of epitopes recognized by pAb from human donors and to thus both guide vaccine development and study basic human immunity to pathogens, including viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Grauslund
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GSK Vaccines, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Susanne Ständer
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GSK Vaccines, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Andreano
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Huang LK, Huang YC, Chen PC, Lee CH, Lin SM, Hsu YHH, Pan RL. Exploration of the Catalytic Cycle Dynamics of Vigna Radiata H +-Translocating Pyrophosphatases Through Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:443-458. [PMID: 37955797 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Vigna radiata H+-translocating pyrophosphatases (VrH+-PPases, EC 3.6.1.1) are present in various endomembranes of plants, bacteria, archaea, and certain protozoa. They transport H+ into the lumen by hydrolyzing pyrophosphate, which is a by-product of many essential anabolic reactions. Although the crystal structure of H+-PPases has been elucidated, the H+ translocation mechanism of H+-PPases in the solution state remains unclear. In this study, we used hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to investigate the dynamics of H+-PPases between the previously proposed R state (resting state, Apo form), I state (intermediate state, bound to a substrate analog), and T state (transient state, bound to inorganic phosphate). When hydrogen was replaced by proteins in deuterium oxide solution, the backbone hydrogen atoms, which were exchanged with deuterium, were identified through MS. Accordingly, we used deuterium uptake to examine the structural dynamics and conformational changes of H+-PPases in solution. In the highly conserved substrate binding and proton exit regions, HDX-MS revealed the existence of a compact conformation with deuterium exchange when H+-PPases were bound with a substrate analog and product. Thus, a novel working model was developed to elucidate the in situ catalytic mechanism of pyrophosphate hydrolysis and proton transport. In this model, a proton is released in the I state, and the TM5 inner wall serves as a proton piston.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Kuangfu Rd., Hsinchu City, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Cyuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pin-Chuan Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Kuangfu Rd., Hsinchu City, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Kuangfu Rd., Hsinchu City, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Rong-Long Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Kuangfu Rd., Hsinchu City, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Haseli R, Honarvar M, Yavari K, Ghavami M. Synergistic anticancer effects of crocin combined with deuterium-depleted water on HT-29 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:1162-1170. [PMID: 36847076 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and the study of the role of nutrients in preventing or inhibiting the growth of this cancer is of interest to scientists. In this article, the synergistic effect of deuterium-depleted water(DDW) and crocin at specific concentrations on HT-29 cells was investigated. In this regard, HT-29 cells were grown in RPMI medium containing DDW, alone and in combination with crocin for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability, cell cycle changes and antioxidant enzymes status were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry and quantitative luminescence methods, respectively. The results of these analyses proved the cell growth inhibitory effect of deuterium alone and its synergistic effect in combination with crocin. The cell cycle analysis showed an increase in the number of cells in the G0 and G1 phases whereas there was a decrease in the number of cells in the S, G2 and M phases. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes also decreased compared to the control group that is a reason to increase Malonyl dialdehyde factor. The results suggested that a combination of DDW and crocin can open a new strategic approach in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Haseli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
| | - Masoud Honarvar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
| | - Kamal Yavari
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ghavami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
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Zhang G, Cullen Q, Berishaj M, Deh K, Kim N, Keshari KR. [6,6'- 2 H 2 ] fructose as a deuterium metabolic imaging probe in liver cancer. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4989. [PMID: 37336778 PMCID: PMC10585608 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection of HCC, although current methods are limited in their ability to characterize liver lesions. Most recently, deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for the imaging of metabolism in vivo. Here, we assess the metabolic flux of [6,6'-2 H2 ] fructose in cell cultures and in subcutaneous mouse models at 9.4 T. We compare these rates with the most widely used DMI probe, [6,6'-2 H2 ] glucose, exploring the possibility of developing 2 H fructose to overcome the limitations of glucose as a novel DMI probe for detecting liver tumors. Comparison of the in vitro metabolic rates implies their similar glycolytic metabolism in the TCA cycle due to comparable production rates of 2 H glutamate/glutamine (glx) for the two precursors, but overall higher glycolytic metabolism from 2 H glucose because of a higher production rate of 2 H lactate. In vivo kinetic studies suggest that HDO can serve as a robust reporter for the consumption of the precursors in liver tumors. As fructose is predominantly metabolized in the liver, deuterated water (HDO) produced from 2 H fructose is probably less contaminated from whole-body metabolism in comparison with glucose. Moreover, in studies of the normal liver, 2 H fructose is readily converted to 2 H glx, enabling the characterization of 2 H fructose kinetics. This overcomes a major limitation of previous 2 H glucose studies in the liver, which were unable to confidently discern metabolic flux due to overlapped signals of 2 H glucose and its metabolic product, 2 H glycogen. This suggests a unique role for 2 H fructose metabolism in HCC and the normal liver, making it a useful approach for assessing liver-related diseases and the progression to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Marjan Berishaj
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel Kim
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, New York, USA
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Volke DC, Gurdo N, Milanesi R, Nikel PI. Time-resolved, deuterium-based fluxomics uncovers the hierarchy and dynamics of sugar processing by Pseudomonas putida. Metab Eng 2023; 79:159-172. [PMID: 37454792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida, a microbial host widely adopted for metabolic engineering, processes glucose through convergent peripheral pathways that ultimately yield 6-phosphogluconate. The periplasmic gluconate shunt (PGS), composed by glucose and gluconate dehydrogenases, sequentially transforms glucose into gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. Although the secretion of these organic acids by P. putida has been extensively recognized, the mechanism and spatiotemporal regulation of the PGS remained elusive thus far. To address this challenge, we adopted a dynamic 13C- and 2H-metabolic flux analysis strategy, termed D-fluxomics. D-fluxomics demonstrated that the PGS underscores a highly dynamic metabolic architecture in glucose-dependent batch cultures of P. putida, characterized by hierarchical carbon uptake by the PGS throughout the cultivation. Additionally, we show that gluconate and 2-ketogluconate accumulation and consumption can be solely explained as a result of the interplay between growth rate-coupled and decoupled metabolic fluxes. As a consequence, the formation of these acids in the PGS is inversely correlated to the bacterial growth rate-unlike the widely studied overflow metabolism of Escherichia coli and yeast. Our findings, which underline survival strategies of soil bacteria thriving in their natural environments, open new avenues for engineering P. putida towards efficient, sugar-based bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nicolas Gurdo
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Riccardo Milanesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Niess F, Strasser B, Hingerl L, Niess E, Motyka S, Hangel G, Krššák M, Gruber S, Spurny-Dworak B, Trattnig S, Scherer T, Lanzenberger R, Bogner W. Reproducibility of 3D MRSI for imaging human brain glucose metabolism using direct ( 2H) and indirect ( 1H) detection of deuterium labeled compounds at 7T and clinical 3T. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120250. [PMID: 37414233 PMCID: PMC11019874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) and quantitative exchange label turnover (QELT) are novel MR spectroscopy techniques for non-invasive imaging of human brain glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism with high clinical potential. Following oral or intravenous administration of non-ionizing [6,6'-2H2]-glucose, its uptake and synthesis of downstream metabolites can be mapped via direct or indirect detection of deuterium resonances using 2H MRSI (DMI) and 1H MRSI (QELT), respectively. The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamics of spatially resolved brain glucose metabolism, i.e., estimated concentration enrichment of deuterium labeled Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and Glc (glucose) acquired repeatedly in the same cohort of subjects using DMI at 7T and QELT at clinical 3T. METHODS Five volunteers (4 m/1f) were scanned in repeated sessions for 60 min after overnight fasting and 0.8 g/kg oral [6,6'-2H2]-glucose administration using time-resolved 3D 2H FID-MRSI with elliptical phase encoding at 7T and 3D 1H FID-MRSI with a non-Cartesian concentric ring trajectory readout at clinical 3T. RESULTS One hour after oral tracer administration regionally averaged deuterium labeled Glx4 concentrations and the dynamics were not significantly different over all participants between 7T 2H DMI and 3T 1H QELT data for GM (1.29±0.15 vs. 1.38±0.26 mM, p=0.65 & 21±3 vs. 26±3 µM/min, p=0.22) and WM (1.10±0.13 vs. 0.91±0.24 mM, p=0.34 & 19±2 vs. 17±3 µM/min, p=0.48). Also, the observed time constants of dynamic Glc6 data in GM (24±14 vs. 19±7 min, p=0.65) and WM (28±19 vs. 18±9 min, p=0.43) dominated regions showed no significant differences. Between individual 2H and 1H data points a weak to moderate negative correlation was observed for Glx4 concentrations in GM (r=-0.52, p<0.001), and WM (r=-0.3, p<0.001) dominated regions, while a strong negative correlation was observed for Glc6 data GM (r=-0.61, p<0.001) and WM (r=-0.70, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that indirect detection of deuterium labeled compounds using 1H QELT MRSI at widely available clinical 3T without additional hardware is able to reproduce absolute concentration estimates of downstream glucose metabolites and the dynamics of glucose uptake compared to 2H DMI data acquired at 7T. This suggests significant potential for widespread application in clinical settings especially in environments with limited access to ultra-high field scanners and dedicated RF hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Niess
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Eva Niess
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Austria
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Austria
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Austria
| | - Benjamin Spurny-Dworak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI, Karl Landsteiner Society, Pölten 3100St, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Austria
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Niess F, Hingerl L, Strasser B, Bednarik P, Goranovic D, Niess E, Hangel G, Krššák M, Spurny-Dworak B, Scherer T, Lanzenberger R, Bogner W. Noninvasive 3-Dimensional 1 H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Brain Glucose and Neurotransmitter Metabolism Using Deuterium Labeling at 3T : Feasibility and Interscanner Reproducibility. Invest Radiol 2023; 58:431-437. [PMID: 36735486 PMCID: PMC10184811 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noninvasive, affordable, and reliable mapping of brain glucose metabolism is of critical interest for clinical research and routine application as metabolic impairment is linked to numerous pathologies, for example, cancer, dementia, and depression. A novel approach to map glucose metabolism noninvasively in the human brain has been presented recently on ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance (MR) scanners (≥7T) using indirect detection of deuterium-labeled glucose and downstream metabolites such as glutamate, glutamine, and lactate. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility to noninvasively detect deuterium-labeled downstream glucose metabolites indirectly in the human brain via 3-dimensional (3D) proton ( 1 H) MR spectroscopic imaging on a clinical 3T MR scanner without additional hardware. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, institutional review board-approved study was performed in 7 healthy volunteers (mean age, 31 ± 4 years, 5 men/2 women) after obtaining written informed consent. After overnight fasting and oral deuterium-labeled glucose administration, 3D metabolic maps were acquired every ∼4 minutes with ∼0.24 mL isotropic spatial resolution using real-time motion-, shim-, and frequency-corrected echo-less 3D 1 H-MR spectroscopic Imaging on a clinical routine 3T MR system. To test the interscanner reproducibility of the method, subjects were remeasured on a similar 3T MR system. Time courses were analyzed using linear regression and nonparametric statistical tests. Deuterium-labeled glucose and downstream metabolites were detected indirectly via their respective signal decrease in dynamic 1 H MR spectra due to exchange of labeled and unlabeled molecules. RESULTS Sixty-five minutes after deuterium-labeled glucose administration, glutamate + glutamine (Glx) signal intensities decreased in gray/white matter (GM/WM) by -1.63 ± 0.3/-1.0 ± 0.3 mM (-13% ± 3%, P = 0.02/-11% ± 3%, P = 0.02), respectively. A moderate to strong negative correlation between Glx and time was observed in GM/WM ( r = -0.64, P < 0.001/ r = -0.54, P < 0.001), with 60% ± 18% ( P = 0.02) steeper slopes in GM versus WM, indicating faster metabolic activity. Other nonlabeled metabolites showed no significant changes. Excellent intrasubject repeatability was observed across scanners for static results at the beginning of the measurement (coefficient of variation 4% ± 4%), whereas differences were observed in individual Glx dynamics, presumably owing to physiological variation of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION Our approach translates deuterium metabolic imaging to widely available clinical routine MR scanners without specialized hardware, offering a safe, affordable, and versatile (other substances than glucose can be labeled) approach for noninvasive imaging of glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Niess
- From the High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- From the High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- From the High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Bednarik
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Dario Goranovic
- From the High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Niess
- From the High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- From the High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Martin Krššák
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | - Benjamin Spurny-Dworak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- From the High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Meerwaldt AE, Straathof M, Oosterveld W, van Heijningen CL, van Leent MMT, Toner YC, Munitz J, Teunissen AJP, Daemen CC, van der Toorn A, van Vliet G, van Tilborg GAF, De Feyter HM, de Graaf RA, Hol EM, Mulder WJM, Dijkhuizen RM. In vivo imaging of cerebral glucose metabolism informs on subacute to chronic post-stroke tissue status - A pilot study combining PET and deuterium metabolic imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:778-790. [PMID: 36606595 PMCID: PMC10108187 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221148970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recanalization therapy after acute ischemic stroke enables restoration of cerebral perfusion. However, a significant subset of patients has poor outcome, which may be caused by disruption of cerebral energy metabolism. To assess changes in glucose metabolism subacutely and chronically after recanalization, we applied two complementary imaging techniques, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and deuterium (2H) metabolic imaging (DMI), after 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in C57BL/6 mice. Glucose uptake, measured with FDG PET, was reduced at 48 hours after tMCAO and returned to baseline value after 11 days. DMI revealed effective glucose supply as well as elevated lactate production and reduced glutamate/glutamine synthesis in the lesion area at 48 hours post-tMCAO, of which the extent was dependent on stroke severity. A further decrease in oxidative metabolism was evident after 11 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant glial activation in and around the lesion, which may play a role in the observed metabolic profiles. Our findings indicate that imaging (altered) active glucose metabolism in and around reperfused stroke lesions can provide substantial information on (secondary) pathophysiological changes in post-ischemic brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu E Meerwaldt
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and
Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Milou Straathof
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wija Oosterveld
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline L van Heijningen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mandy MT van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and
Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Yohana C Toner
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and
Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,
USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and
Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center,
Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jazz Munitz
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and
Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Abraham JP Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and
Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,
USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Charlotte C Daemen
- Department of Translational
Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Vliet
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geralda AF van Tilborg
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk M De Feyter
- Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational
Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem JM Mulder
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging
Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and
Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,
USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and
Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center,
Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Biology,
Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and
Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center
Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Su X, Cui L, Tang Y, Wen T, Yang K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhu G, Yang X, Hou L, Zhu YG. Denitrification and N 2O Emission in Estuarine Sediments in Response to Ocean Acidification: From Process to Mechanism. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:14828-14839. [PMID: 36194569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global estuarine ecosystems are experiencing severe nitrogen pollution and ocean acidification (OA) simultaneously. Sedimentary denitrification is an important way of reactive nitrogen removal but at the same time leads to the emission of large amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. It is known that OA in estuarine regions could impact denitrification and N2O production; however, the underlying mechanism is still underexplored. Here, sediment incubation and pure culture experiments were conducted to explore the OA impacts on microbial denitrification and the associated N2O emissions in estuarine sediments. Under neutral (in situ) conditions, fungal N2O emission dominated in the sediment, while the bacterial and fungal sources had a similar role under acidification. This indicated that acidification decreased the sedimentary fungal denitrification and likely inhibited the activity of fungal denitrifiers. To explore molecular mechanisms, a denitrifying fungal strain of Penicillium janthinellum was isolated from the sediments. By using deuterium-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics, we found that acidification inhibited electron transfers in P. janthinellum and downregulated expressions of the proteins related to energy production and conservation. Two collaborative pathways of energy generation in the P. janthinellum were further revealed, that is, aerobic oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle and anoxic pyruvate fermentation. This indicated a distinct energy supply strategy from bacterial denitrification. Our study provides insights into fungi-mediated nitrogen cycle in acidifying aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Yijia Tang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Biomedical Building (C81), Sydney, New South Wales2015, Australia
| | - Teng Wen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350116, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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11
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Batsios G, Taglang C, Tran M, Stevers N, Barger C, Gillespie AM, Ronen SM, Costello JF, Viswanath P. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Reports on TERT Expression and Early Response to Therapy in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3526-3536. [PMID: 35679032 PMCID: PMC9378519 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telomere maintenance is a hallmark of cancer. Most tumors maintain telomere length via reactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression. Identifying clinically translatable imaging biomarkers of TERT can enable noninvasive assessment of tumor proliferation and response to therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used RNAi, doxycycline-inducible expression systems, and pharmacologic inhibitors to mechanistically delineate the association between TERT and metabolism in preclinical patient-derived tumor models. Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2H-MRS), which is a novel, translational metabolic imaging modality, was used for imaging TERT in cells and tumor-bearing mice in vivo. RESULTS Our results indicate that TERT expression is associated with elevated NADH in multiple cancers, including glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mechanistically, TERT acts via the metabolic regulator FOXO1 to upregulate nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, which is the key enzyme for NAD+ biosynthesis, and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which converts NAD+ to NADH. Because NADH is essential for pyruvate flux to lactate, we show that 2H-MRS-based assessment of lactate production from [U-2H]-pyruvate reports on TERT expression in preclinical tumor models in vivo, including at clinical field strength (3T). Importantly, [U-2H]-pyruvate reports on early response to therapy in mice bearing orthotopic patient-derived gliomas at early timepoints before radiographic alterations can be visualized by MRI. CONCLUSIONS Elevated NADH is a metabolic consequence of TERT expression in cancer. Importantly, [U-2H]-pyruvate reports on early response to therapy, prior to anatomic alterations, thereby providing clinicians with a novel tool for assessment of tumor burden and treatment response in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Céline Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Meryssa Tran
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas Stevers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Carter Barger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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12
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Kaggie JD, Khan AS, Matys T, Schulte RF, Locke MJ, Grimmer A, Frary A, Menih IH, Latimer E, Graves MJ, McLean MA, Gallagher FA. Deuterium metabolic imaging and hyperpolarized 13C-MRI of the normal human brain at clinical field strength reveals differential cerebral metabolism. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119284. [PMID: 35533826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) and hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI (13C-HPMRI) are two emerging methods for non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging of tissue metabolism. Imaging cerebral metabolism has potential applications in cancer, neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and inborn errors of metabolism. Here we directly compare these two non-invasive methods at 3 T for the first time in humans and show how they simultaneously probe both oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism. DMI was undertaken 1-2 h after oral administration of [6,6'-2H2]glucose, and 13C-MRI was performed immediately following intravenous injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in ten and nine normal volunteers within each arm respectively. DMI was used to generate maps of deuterium-labelled water, glucose, lactate, and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and the spectral separation demonstrated that DMI is feasible at 3 T. 13C-HPMRI generated maps of hyperpolarized carbon-13 labelled pyruvate, lactate, and bicarbonate. The ratio of 13C-lactate/13C-bicarbonate (mean 3.7 ± 1.2) acquired with 13C-HPMRI was higher than the equivalent 2H-lactate/2H-Glx ratio (mean 0.18 ± 0.09) acquired using DMI. These differences can be explained by the route of administering each probe, the timing of imaging after ingestion or injection, as well as the biological differences in cerebral uptake and cellular physiology between the two molecules. The results demonstrate these two metabolic imaging methods provide different yet complementary readouts of oxidative and reductive metabolism within a clinically feasible timescale. Furthermore, as DMI was undertaken at a clinical field strength within a ten-minute scan time, it demonstrates its potential as a routine clinical tool in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alixander S Khan
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomasz Matys
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Locke
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashley Grimmer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Frary
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Horvat Menih
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Latimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Monternier P, Singh J, Parasar P, Theurey P, DeWitt S, Jacques V, Klett E, Kaur N, Nagaraja TN, Moller DE, Hallakou‐Bozec S. Therapeutic potential of deuterium-stabilized (R)-pioglitazone-PXL065-for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:832-847. [PMID: 35510808 PMCID: PMC9545763 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) results from ABCD1 gene mutations which impair Very Long Chain Fatty Acids (VLCFA; C26:0 and C24:0) peroxisomal import and β-oxidation, leading to accumulation in plasma and tissues. Excess VLCFA drives impaired cellular functions (e.g. disrupted mitochondrial function), inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Major disease phenotypes include: adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), progressive spinal cord axonal degeneration, and cerebral ALD (C-ALD), inflammatory white matter demyelination and degeneration. No pharmacological treatment is available to-date for ALD. Pioglitazone, an anti-diabetic thiazolidinedione, exerts potential benefits in ALD models. Its mechanisms are genomic (PPARγ agonism) and nongenomic (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-MPC, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4-ACSL4, inhibition). However, its use is limited by PPARγ-driven side effects (e.g. weight gain, edema). PXL065 is a clinical-stage deuterium-stabilized (R)-enantiomer of pioglitazone which lacks PPARγ agonism but retains MPC activity. Here, we show that incubation of ALD patient-derived cells (both AMN and C-ALD) and glial cells from Abcd1-null mice with PXL065 resulted in: normalization of elevated VLCFA, improved mitochondrial function, and attenuated indices of inflammation. Compensatory peroxisomal transporter gene expression was also induced. Additionally, chronic treatment of Abcd1-null mice lowered VLCFA in plasma, brain and spinal cord and improved both neural histology (sciatic nerve) and neurobehavioral test performance. Several in vivo effects of PXL065 exceeded those achieved with pioglitazone. PXL065 was confirmed to lack PPARγ agonism but retained ACSL4 activity of pioglitazone. PXL065 has novel actions and mechanisms and exhibits a range of potential benefits in ALD models; further testing of this molecule in ALD patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Parveen Parasar
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | | | | | - Eric Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Navtej Kaur
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
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14
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Kühnhammer K, Dahlmann A, Iraheta A, Gerchow M, Birkel C, Marshall JD, Beyer M. Continuous in situ measurements of water stable isotopes in soils, tree trunk and root xylem: Field approval. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9232. [PMID: 34862674 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE New methods to measure stable isotopes of soil and tree water directly in the field enable us to increase the temporal resolution of obtained data and advance our knowledge on the dynamics of soil and plant water fluxes. Only few field applications exist. However, these are needed to further improve novel methods and hence exploit their full potential. METHODS We tested the borehole equilibration method in the field and collected in situ and destructive samples of stable isotopes of soil, trunk and root xylem water over a 2.5-month experiment in a tropical dry forest under natural abundance conditions and following labelled irrigation. Water from destructive samples was extracted using cryogenic vacuum extraction. Isotope ratios were determined with IRIS instruments using cavity ring-down spectroscopy both in the field and in the laboratory. RESULTS In general, timelines of both methods agreed well for both soil and xylem samples. Irrigation labelled with heavy hydrogen isotopes clearly impacted the isotope composition of soil water and one of the two studied tree species. Inter-method deviations increased in consequence of labelling, which revealed their different capabilities to cover spatial and temporal heterogeneities. CONCLUSIONS We applied the novel borehole equilibration method in a remote field location. Our experiment reinforced the potential of this in situ method for measuring xylem water isotopes in both tree trunks and roots and confirmed the reliability of gas permeable soil probes. However, in situ xylem measurements should be further developed to reduce the uncertainty within the range of natural abundance and hence enable their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kühnhammer
- IGOE, Environmental Geochemistry, Braunschweig, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Dahlmann
- IGOE, Environmental Geochemistry, Braunschweig, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Birkel
- Department of Geography and Water and Global Change Observatory, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), San José, Costa Rica
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darby Ball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080, USA
| | - Sean J Johnson
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Sean J. Johnson.
| | - Sheena D’Arcy
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 972 883 2915;
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16
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Kravtsov A, Kozin S, Basov A, Butina E, Baryshev M, Malyshko V, Moiseev A, Elkina A, Dzhimak S. Reduction of Deuterium Level Supports Resistance of Neurons to Glucose Deprivation and Hypoxia: Study in Cultures of Neurons and on Animals. Molecules 2021; 27:243. [PMID: 35011474 PMCID: PMC8746303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a reduced deuterium (D) content in the incubation medium on the survival of cultured neurons in vitro and under glucose deprivation was studied. In addition, we studied the effect of a decrease in the deuterium content in the rat brain on oxidative processes in the nervous tissue, its antioxidant protection, and training of rats in the T-shaped maze test under hypoxic conditions. For experiments with cultures of neurons, 7-8-day cultures of cerebellar neurons were used. Determination of the rate of neuronal death in cultures was carried out using propidium iodide. Acute hypoxia with hypercapnia was simulated in rats by placing them in sealed vessels with a capacity of 1 L. The effect on oxidative processes in brain tissues was assessed by changes in the level of free radical oxidation and malondialdehyde. The effect on the antioxidant system of the brain was assessed by the activity of catalase. The study in the T-maze was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodology, the skill of alternating right-sided and left-sided loops on positive reinforcement was developed. This work has shown that a decrease in the deuterium content in the incubation medium to a level of -357‱ has a neuroprotective effect, increasing the survival rate of cultured neurons under glucose deprivation. When exposed to hypoxia, a preliminary decrease in the deuterium content in the rat brain to -261‱ prevents the development of oxidative stress in their nervous tissue and preserves the learning ability of animals in the T-shaped maze test at the level of the control group. A similar protective effect during the modification of the 2H/1H internal environment of the body by the consumption of DDW can potentially be used for the prevention of pathological conditions associated with the development of oxidative stress with damage to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Kravtsov
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Stanislav Kozin
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Alexandr Basov
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Elena Butina
- Department of Technology of Fats, Cosmetics, Commodity Science, Processes and Devices, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Technology of Fats, Cosmetics, Commodity Science, Processes and Devices, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Vadim Malyshko
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Arkady Moiseev
- Department of Organization and Support of Scientific Activities, Kuban State Agrarian University, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Anna Elkina
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Physics, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Experimental Clinic—Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin, 109316 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Molnár M, Horváth K, Dankó T, Somlyai I, Kovács BZ, Somlyai G. Deuterium-depleted water stimulates GLUT4 translocation in the presence of insulin, which leads to decreased blood glucose concentration. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4507-4516. [PMID: 34510301 PMCID: PMC8528751 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium (D) is a stable isotope of hydrogen (H) with a mass number of 2. It is present in natural waters in the form of HDO, at a concentration of 16.8 mmol/L, equivalent to 150 ppm. In a phase II clinical study, deuterium depletion reduced fasting glucose concentration and insulin resistance. In this study, we tested the effect of subnormal D-concentration on glucose metabolism in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Animals were randomly distributed into nine groups to test the effect of D2O (in a range of 25-150 ppm) on glucose metabolism in diabetic animals with or without insulin treatment. Serum glucose, fructose amine-, HbA1c, insulin and urine glucose levels were monitored, respectively. After the 8-week treatment, membrane-associated GLUT4 fractions from the soleus muscle were estimated by Western blot technique. Our results indicate that, in the presence of insulin, deuterium depletion markedly reduced serum levels of glucose, -fructose amine, and -HbA1c, in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal concentration of deuterium was between 125 and 140 ppm. After a 4-week period of deuterium depletion, the highest membrane-associated GLUT4 content was detected at 125 ppm. These data suggest that deuterium depletion dose-dependently enhances the effect of insulin on GLUT4 translocation and potentiates glucose uptake in diabetic rats, which explains the lower serum glucose, -fructose amine, and -HbA1c concentrations. Based on our experimental data, deuterium-depleted water could be used to treat patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) by increasing insulin sensitivity. These experiments indicate that naturally occurring deuterium has an impact on metabolic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Molnár
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Horváth
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Dankó
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Villányi út 97, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Zs. Kovács
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Villányi út 97, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Villányi út 97, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Yaglova NV, Obernikhin SS, Timokhina EP, Yaglov VV. Response of Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to a Short-Term Shift in Deuterium Content in the Body. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:262-264. [PMID: 34173112 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied functional changes in rat pituitary-thyroid axis after a short-term shift in deuterium body content. Male Wistar rats consumed deuterium-enriched (500,000 ppm) or deuterium-depleted water (10 ppm) for 24 h. Rats of both experimental groups demonstrated elevated concentration of bound with transport proteins thyroxine and reduced level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in serum. No changes in the rate of thyroxine conversion to triiodothyronine were found. Thus, both the increase and reduction of deuterium body content produced similar changes in the function of the pituitary-thyroid axis with primary affection of the thyroid gland, indicative of its higher sensitivity to shift in deuterium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Yaglova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - E P Timokhina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Yaglov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Kselíková V, Zachleder V, Bišová K. To Divide or Not to Divide? How Deuterium Affects Growth and Division of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biomolecules 2021; 11:861. [PMID: 34207920 PMCID: PMC8226696 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive in vivo replacement of hydrogen by deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, induces a distinct stress response, reduces cell growth and impairs cell division in various organisms. Microalgae, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model organism in cell cycle studies, are no exception. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green unicellular alga of the Chlorophyceae class, divides by multiple fission, grows autotrophically and can be synchronized by alternating light/dark regimes; this makes it a model of first choice to discriminate the effect of deuterium on growth and/or division. Here, we investigate the effects of high doses of deuterium on cell cycle progression in C. reinhardtii. Synchronous cultures of C. reinhardtii were cultivated in growth medium containing 70 or 90% D2O. We characterize specific deuterium-induced shifts in attainment of commitment points during growth and/or division of C. reinhardtii, contradicting the role of the "sizer" in regulating the cell cycle. Consequently, impaired cell cycle progression in deuterated cultures causes (over)accumulation of starch and lipids, suggesting a promising potential for microalgae to produce deuterated organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kselíková
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (V.Z.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Zachleder
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (V.Z.)
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20
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Kruszynski C, Bailey LD, Courtiol A, Bach L, Bach P, Göttsche M, Göttsche M, Hill R, Lindecke O, Matthes H, Pommeranz H, Popa-Lisseanu AG, Seebens-Hoyer A, Tichomirowa M, Voigt CC. Identifying migratory pathways of Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) using stable hydrogen and strontium isotopes. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e9031. [PMID: 33336436 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Identifying migratory corridors of animals is essential for their effective protection, yet the exact location of such corridors is often unknown, particularly for elusive animals such as bats. While migrating along the German coastline, Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) are regularly killed at wind turbines. Therefore, we explored the paths taken on their annual journey. METHODS We used isotope ratio mass spectrometry to measure stable hydrogen and strontium isotope ratios in fur keratin of 59 Nathusius' pipistrelles captured on three offshore islands. Samples were pre-treated before analysis to report exclusively stable isotope ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen. We generated maps to predict summer origins of bats using isoscape models. RESULTS Bats were classified as long-distance migrants, mostly originating from Eastern Europe. Hydrogen analysis suggested for some bats a possible Fennoscandian origin, yet additional information from strontium analysis excluded this possibility. Instead, our data suggest that most Nathusius' pipistrelles migrating along the German coastline were of continental European summer origin, but also highlight the possibility that Nathusius' pipistrelles of Baltorussian origin may travel offshore from Fennoscandia to Germany. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the benefit of using complementary isotopic tracers for analysing the migratory pathways of bats and also potentially other terrestrial vertebrate species. Furthermore, data from our study suggest an offset of fur strontium isotope ratios in relation to local bedrock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Kruszynski
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Liam D Bailey
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | - Lothar Bach
- Freilandforschung, zoologische Gutachten, Hamfhofsweg 125b, Bremen, 28357, Germany
| | - Petra Bach
- Freilandforschung, zoologische Gutachten, Hamfhofsweg 125b, Bremen, 28357, Germany
| | | | - Michael Göttsche
- Faunistica - Büro für ökologische & faunistische Freilanduntersuchungen, Jaguarring 4, Bad Segeberg, 23795, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Lindecke
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | | | | | - Ana G Popa-Lisseanu
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | | | - Marion Tichomirowa
- Institut für Mineralogie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Brennhausgasse 14, Freiberg, 09599, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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21
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Cai M, Huang Y, Lloyd J, Craigie R, Clore GM. A simple and cost-effective protocol for high-yield expression of deuterated and selectively isoleucine/leucine/valine methyl protonated proteins in Escherichia coli grown in shaker flasks. J Biomol NMR 2021; 75:83-87. [PMID: 33538948 PMCID: PMC8855621 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-021-00357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple and cost-effective protocol is presented for expression of perdeuterated, Ile/Leu/Val 1H/13C methyl protonated proteins from 100 ml cultures in M9 ++ /D2O medium induced at high (OD600 ~ 10) cell density in shaker flasks. This protocol, which is an extension of our previous protocols for expression of 2H/15N/13C and 1H/13C labeled proteins, yields comparable quantities of protein from 100 ml cell culture to those obtained using a conventional 1 L culture with M9/D2O medium, while using three-fold less α-ketoisovaleric (1,2,3,4-13C4; 3,4',4',4'-d4) and α-ketobutyric (13C4; 3,3-d2) acid precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Cai
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0520, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0540, USA
| | - John Lloyd
- Laboratory of Biorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0820, USA
| | - Robert Craigie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0540, USA
| | - G Marius Clore
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0520, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are ubiquitous in biology and typically occur in specific subcellular compartments. In cells, the electron transfer between molecules and organelles is commonly facilitated by pyridine nucleotides such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). While often taken for granted, these metabolic reactions are critically important for maintaining redox homeostasis and biochemical potentials across membranes. While 13C tracing and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) have emerged as powerful tools to study intracellular metabolism, this approach is limited when applied to pathways catalyzed in multiple cellular compartments. To address this issue, we and others have applied 2H (deuterium) tracers to observe transfer of labeled hydride anions, which accompanies electron transfer. Furthermore, we have developed a reporter system for indirectly quantifying NADPH enrichment in specific subcellular compartments. Here, we provide a detailed description of 2H tracing applications and the interrogation of mitochondrial versus cytosolic NAD(P)H metabolism in cultured mammalian cells. Specifically, we describe the generation of reporter cell lines that express epitope-tagged R132H-IDH1 or R172K-IDH2 and produce (D)2-hydroxyglutarate in a doxycycline-dependent manner. These tools and methods allow for quantitation of reducing equivalent turnover rates, the directionality of pathways present in multiple compartments, and the estimation of pathway contributions to NADPH pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther W Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seth J Parker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Kim SB, Bredlaw M, Festarini A, Bucur C, Popescu I, Constantinescu M, Bucura F, Rousselle H, Beaton D, Korolevych VY, Chen G, Stuart M. Experimental investigation of D 2 conversion to DHO in soil near the Cernavoda nuclear power plant site in Romania. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109403. [PMID: 33131993 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current Canadian and Romanian model predictions for tritium dose following an atmospheric tritiated hydrogen gas (HT) release is based on a default Canadian Standards Association (CSA) conversion factor of HT to tritiated water (HTO) of 4.3%. The determination of an empirical site specific value for the conversion factor was essential for the CANDU Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in Romania to verify if the CSA value is appropriate for use at this site. Given the role of soil characteristics on the conversion of HT to HTO, on-site experiments would provide the best evaluation of the conversion factor. The objective of the study was to define the soil HT to HTO conversion parameters specific to the Cernavoda NPP site. In June 2016, a series of experiments were conducted to meet this objective. First, the in situ deposition velocity of D2 gas, as a surrogate for HT gas, was obtained using an exposure chamber. Diffusion of D2 into the soil was then evaluated based on the measurements of DHO concentrations in the exposed soil. As soil microbes play a role in the conversion of HT to HTO, this work included a microbiological characterization of the soil, which targeted total soil bacteria (cultivable and gene-based) and hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (cultivable and gene-based). The fraction of hydrogen oxidizing cultivable soil bacteria represented 14-20% of the total cultivable bacteria population estimated as 2.8-29.2 × 105 cfu/g of soil. The empirically derived HT to HTO conversion factor was lower than the default value (4.3%). It fell between 0.9% and 2.0%. The default value is therefore more conservative than the Cernavoda site-specific derived value obtained from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kim
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada.
| | - M Bredlaw
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - A Festarini
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - C Bucur
- Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, Romania
| | - I Popescu
- Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, Romania
| | - M Constantinescu
- National Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic I.C.S.I. Rm Valcea, Romania
| | - F Bucura
- National Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic I.C.S.I. Rm Valcea, Romania
| | - H Rousselle
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - D Beaton
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | | | - G Chen
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - M Stuart
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
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24
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de Graaf RA, Hendriks AD, Klomp DWJ, Kumaragamage C, Welting D, de Castro CSA, Brown PB, McIntyre S, Nixon TW, Prompers JJ, De Feyter HM. On the magnetic field dependence of deuterium metabolic imaging. NMR Biomed 2020; 33:e4235. [PMID: 31879985 PMCID: PMC7141779 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel MR-based method to spatially map metabolism of deuterated substrates such as [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose in vivo. Compared with traditional 13 C-MR-based metabolic studies, the MR sensitivity of DMI is high due to the larger 2 H magnetic moment and favorable T1 and T2 relaxation times. Here, the magnetic field dependence of DMI sensitivity and transmit efficiency is studied on phantoms and rat brain postmortem at 4, 9.4 and 11.7 T. The sensitivity and spectral resolution on human brain in vivo are investigated at 4 and 7 T before and after an oral dose of [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose. For small animal surface coils (Ø 30 mm), the experimentally measured sensitivity and transmit efficiency scale with the magnetic field to a power of +1.75 and -0.30, respectively. These are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions made from the principle of reciprocity for a coil noise-dominant regime. For larger human surface coils (Ø 80 mm), the sensitivity scales as a +1.65 power. The spectral resolution increases linearly due to near-constant linewidths. With optimal multireceiver arrays the acquisition of DMI at a nominal 1 mL spatial resolution is feasible at 7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arjan D. Hendriks
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W. J. Klomp
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chathura Kumaragamage
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dimitri Welting
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter B. Brown
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott McIntyre
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Terence W. Nixon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeanine J. Prompers
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M. De Feyter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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25
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Abstract
Amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) has become widely popular for mapping protein-ligand interfaces, for understanding protein-protein interactions, and for discovering dynamic allostery. Several platforms are now available which provide large data sets of amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) data. Although many of these platforms provide some down-stream processing, a comprehensive software that provides the most commonly used down-stream processing tools such as automatic back-exchange correction options, analysis of overlapping peptides, calculations of relative deuterium uptake into regions of the protein after such corrections, rigorous statistical analysis of the significance of uptake differences, and generation of high quality figures for data presentation is not yet available. Here we describe the Deuterium Exchange Correction and Analysis (DECA) software package, which provides all these downstream processing options for data from the most popular mass spectrometry platforms. The major functions of the software are demonstrated on sample data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Lumpkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92092-0378
| | - Elizabeth A Komives
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92092-0378.
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26
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Abstract
Deuterium isotope labelling is important for structural biology methods such as neutron protein crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and small angle neutron scattering studies of proteins. Deuterium is a natural low abundance stable hydrogen isotope that in high concentrations negatively affect growth of cells. The generation time for Escherichia coli K-12 in deuterated medium is substantially increased compared to cells grown in hydrogenated (protiated) medium. By using a mutagenesis plasmid based approach we have isolated an E. coli strain derived from E. coli K-12 substrain MG1655 that show increased fitness in deuterium based growth media, without general adaptation to media components. By whole-genome sequencing we identified the genomic changes in the obtained strain and show that it can be used for recombinant production of perdeuterated proteins in amounts typically needed for structural biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinardas Kelpšas
- The Microbiology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes von Wachenfeldt
- The Microbiology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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27
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Basov A, Fedulova L, Vasilevskaya E, Dzhimak S. Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effects Observed in Living Systems during 2H/ 1H Isotope Fractionation and Deuterium Interactions with Other Biogenic Isotopes. Molecules 2019; 24:E4101. [PMID: 31766268 PMCID: PMC6891295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the original descriptions of some recent physics mechanisms (based on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and quantum tunnel effects) providing stable 2H/1H isotope fractionation, leading to the accumulation of particular isotopic forms in intra- or intercellular space, including the molecular effects of deuterium interaction with 18O/17O/16O, 15N/14N, 13C/12C, and other stable biogenic isotopes. These effects were observed mainly at the organelle (mitochondria) and cell levels. A new hypothesis for heavy nonradioactive isotope fractionation in living systems via neutron effect realization is discussed. The comparative analysis of some experimental studies results revealed the following observation: "Isotopic shock" is highly probable and is observed mostly when chemical bonds form between atoms with a summary odd number of neutrons (i.e., bonds with a non-compensated neutron, which correspond to the following equation: Nn - Np = 2k + 1, where k ϵ Z, k is the integer, Z is the set of non-negative integers, Nn is number of neutrons, and Np is number of protons of each individual atom, or in pair of isotopes with a chemical bond). Data on the efficacy and metabolic pathways of the therapy also considered 2H-modified drinking and diet for some diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, mitochondrial disorders, diabetes, cerebral hypoxia, Parkinson's disease, and brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Basov
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar 350063, Russia;
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Ekaterina Vasilevskaya
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
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28
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Basov A, Fedulova L, Baryshev M, Dzhimak S. Deuterium-Depleted Water Influence on the Isotope 2H/ 1H Regulation in Body and Individual Adaptation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1903. [PMID: 31443167 PMCID: PMC6723318 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article presents data about the influence of deuterium-depleted water (DDW) on biological systems. It is known that the isotope abundances of natural and bottled waters are variable worldwide. That is why different drinking rations lead to changes of stable isotopes content in body water fluxes in human and animal organisms. Also, intracellular water isotope ratios in living systems depends on metabolic activity and food consumption. We found the 2H/1H gradient in human fluids (δ2H saliva >> δ2H blood plasma > δ2Hbreast milk), which decreases significantly during DDW intake. Moreover, DDW induces several important biological effects in organism (antioxidant, metabolic detoxification, anticancer, rejuvenation, behavior, etc.). Changing the isotope 2H/1H gradient from "2H blood plasma > δ2H visceral organs" to "δ2H blood plasma << δ2H visceral organs" via DDW drinking increases individual adaptation by isotopic shock. The other possible mechanisms of long-term adaptation is DDW influence on the growth rate of cells, enzyme activity and cellular energetics (e.g., stimulation of the mitochondrion activity). In addition, DDW reduces the number of single-stranded DNA breaks and modifies the miRNA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Basov
- Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
- Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Liliia Fedulova
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia.
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia.
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
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Sanchez-Bragado R, Serret MD, Marimon RM, Bort J, Araus JL. The Hydrogen Isotope Composition δ 2H Reflects Plant Performance. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:793-812. [PMID: 30952684 PMCID: PMC6548268 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope compositions in plant matter reflect photosynthetic and transpirative conditions in plants, respectively. However, the nature of hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) and what it reflects of plant performance is poorly understood. Using durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum), this study evaluated the effect of different water and nitrogen growing field conditions on transpiration and how this effect influenced the performance of δ2H in autotrophic (flag leaf), mixotrophic (ears), and heterotrophic (grains and roots) organs. Moreover, δ2H was compared with the δ13C and δ18O in the same organs. Isotope compositions were analyzed in dry matter, the water-soluble fraction, and in water from different tissues of a set of genotypes. Similar to δ13C, the δ2H correlated negatively with stomatal conductance, whereas no correlation was observed for δ18O. Moreover, δ2H was not only affected by changes in transpiration but also by photosynthetic reactions, probably as a consequence of NADPH formation in autotrophic organs. Compared with the δ2H of stem water, plant δ2H was strongly diminished in photosynthetic organs such as the flag leaves, whereas it strongly increased in heterotrophic organs such as grains and roots. In heterotrophic organs, δ2H was associated with postphotosynthetic effects because there are several processes that lead to 2H-enrichment of carbohydrates. In summary, δ2H exhibited specific features that inform about the water conditions of the wheat crop, together with the photosynthetic characteristics of the plant part considered. Moreover, correlations of δ2H with grain yield illustrate that this isotope can be used to assess plant performance under different growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Sanchez-Bragado
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain 08028
| | - Maria Dolors Serret
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain 08028
| | - Rosa Maria Marimon
- Unitat de Medi Ambient, Scientific and Technological Centers of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 08028
| | - Jordi Bort
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain 08028
| | - José Luis Araus
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain 08028
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Evans BR, Foston M, O'Neill HM, Reeves D, Rempe C, McGrath K, Ragauskas AJ, Davison BH. Production of deuterated biomass by cultivation of Lemna minor (duckweed) in D 2O. Planta 2019; 249:1465-1475. [PMID: 30697645 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Common duckweed Lemna minor was cultivated in 50% D2O to produce biomass with 50-60% deuterium incorporation containing cellulose with degree of polymerization close (85%) to that of H2O-grown controls. The small aquatic plant duckweed, particularly the genus Lemna, widely used for toxicity testing, has been proposed as a potential source of biomass for conversion into biofuels as well as a platform for production of pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals. Ability to produce deuterium-substituted duckweed can potentially extend the range of useful products as well as assist process improvement. Cultivation of these plants under deuterating conditions was previously been reported to require addition of kinetin to induce growth and was hampered by anomalies in cellular morphology and protein metabolism. Here, we report the production of biomass with 50-60% deuterium incorporation by long-term photoheterotrophic growth of common duckweed Lemna minor in 50% D2O with 0.5% glucose. L. minor grown in 50% D2O without addition of kinetin exhibited a lag phase twice that of H2O-grown controls, before start of log phase growth at 40% of control rates. Compared to continuous white fluorescent light, growth rates increased fivefold for H2O and twofold for 50% D2O when plants were illuminated at higher intensity with a metal halide lamp and a diurnal cycle of 12-h light/12-h dark. Deuterium incorporation was determined by a combination of 1H and 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to be 40-60%. The cellulose from the deuterated plants had an average-number degree of polymerization (DPn) and polydispersity index (PDI) close to that of H2O-grown controls, while Klason lignin content was reduced. The only major gross morphological change noted was root inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Evans
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Marcus Foston
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hugh M O'Neill
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - David Reeves
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Caroline Rempe
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- School of Genome Science and Technology, F337 Walters Life Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, TN, USA
| | - Kathi McGrath
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Sierra Vista High School, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Brian H Davison
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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Dubbert M, Caldeira MC, Dubbert D, Werner C. A pool-weighted perspective on the two-water-worlds hypothesis. New Phytol 2019; 222:1271-1283. [PMID: 30604465 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 'two-water-worlds' hypothesis is based on stable isotope differences in stream, soil and xylem waters in dual isotope space. It postulates no connectivity between bound and mobile soil waters, and preferential plant water uptake of bound soil water sources. We tested the pool-weighted impact of isotopically distinct water pools for hydrological cycling, the influence of species-specific water use and the degree of ecohydrological separation. We combined stable isotope analysis (δ18 O and δ2 H) of ecosystem water pools of precipitation, groundwater, soil and xylem water of two distinct species (Quercus suber, Cistus ladanifer) with observations of soil water contents and sap flow. Shallow soil water was evaporatively enriched during dry-down periods, but enrichment faded strongly with depth and upon precipitation events. Despite clearly distinct water sources and water-use strategies, both species displayed a highly opportunistic pattern of root water uptake. Here we offer an alternative explanation, showing that the isotopic differences between soil and plant water vs groundwater can be fully explained by spatio-temporal dynamics. Pool weighting the contribution of evaporatively enriched soil water reveals only minor annual impacts of these sources to ecosystem water cycling (c. 11% of bulk soil water and c. 14% of transpired water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Dubbert
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- CEF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - David Dubbert
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Landscape Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
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Abstract
Microorganisms play a key role in driving the global element (C, N, H, P, and S) cycling. However, the function and activity of environmental microbes remain largely elusive because the vast majority of them are yet uncultured. Recent achievements in single cell stable isotope-labeled Raman spectroscopy enable direct investigation of function and activity of individual microbes in complex environmental communities. Here, this protocol describes a workflow to investigate environmental microbes in soil and water by combining 15N, 2D, and 13C stable isotope labeling with different single-cell Raman techniques, including normal Raman, resonance Raman (RR), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Their applications in investigating functional bacteria driving the N and C cycles, and metabolically active cells are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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Neubauer C, Sessions AL, Booth IR, Bowen BP, Kopf SH, Newman DK, Dalleska NF. Towards measuring growth rates of pathogens during infections by D 2 O-labeling lipidomics. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:2129-2140. [PMID: 30252972 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microbial growth rate is an important physiological parameter that is challenging to measure in situ, partly because microbes grow slowly in many environments. Recently, it has been demonstrated that generation times of S. aureus in cystic fibrosis (CF) infections can be determined by D2 O-labeling of actively synthesized fatty acids. To improve species specificity and allow growth rate monitoring for a greater range of pathogens during the treatment of infections, it is desirable to accurately quantify trace incorporation of deuterium into phospholipids. METHODS Lipid extracts of D2 O-treated E. coli cultures were measured on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) instruments equipped with time-of-flight (TOF) and orbitrap mass analyzers, and used for comparison with the analysis of fatty acids by isotope-ratio gas chromatography (GC)/MS. We then developed an approach to enable tracking of lipid labeling, by following the transition from stationary into exponential growth in pure cultures. Lastly, we applied D2 O-labeling lipidomics to clinical samples from CF patients with chronic lung infections. RESULTS Lipidomics facilitates deuterium quantification in lipids at levels that are useful for many labeling applications (>0.03 at% D). In the E. coli cultures, labeling dynamics of phospholipids depend largely on their acyl chains and between phospholipids we notice differences that are not obvious from absolute concentrations alone. For example, cyclopropyl-containing lipids reflect the regulation of cyclopropane fatty acid synthase, which is predominantly expressed at the beginning of stationary phase. The deuterium incorporation into a lipid that is specific for S. aureus in CF sputum indicates an average generation time of the pathogen on the order of one cell doubling per day. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how trace level measurement of stable isotopes in intact lipids can be used to quantify lipid metabolism in pure cultures and provides guidelines that enable growth rate measurements in microbiome samples after incubation with a low percentage of D2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajetan Neubauer
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Alex L Sessions
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ian R Booth
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Sebastian H Kopf
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Nathan F Dalleska
- Environmental Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, CA, 91125, USA
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Zhang K, Toki H, Fujita Y, Ma M, Chang L, Qu Y, Harada S, Nemoto T, Mizuno-Yasuhira A, Yamaguchi JI, Chaki S, Hashimoto K. Lack of deuterium isotope effects in the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine in a chronic social defeat stress model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3177-3185. [PMID: 30215218 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE (R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, exhibits rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects and anti-suicidal ideation in treatment-resistant patients with depression. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine are unknown. Although the previous report demonstrated the deuterium isotope effects in the antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine, the deuterium isotope effects in the antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine, which is more potent than (S)-ketamine, are unknown. METHODS We examined whether deuterium substitution at the C6 position could affect antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic studies showed that levels of (2R,6R)-d1-hydroxynorketamine [(2R,6R)-d1-HNK], a final metabolite of (R)-d2-ketamine, in the plasma and brain after administration of (R)-d2-ketamine (10 mg/kg) were lower than those of (2R,6R)-HNK from (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg), indicating deuterium isotope effects in the production of (2R,6R)-HNK. In contrast, levels of (R)-ketamine and its metabolite (R)-norketamine in the plasma and brain were the same for both compounds. In a CSDS model, both (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg) and (R)-d2-ketamine (10 mg/kg) showed rapid and long-lasting (7 days) antidepressant effects, indicating no deuterium isotope effect in the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that deuterium substitution of hydrogen at the C6 position slows the metabolism from (R)-ketamine to (2R,6R)-HNK in mice. In contrast, we did not find the deuterium isotope effects in terms of the rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine in a CSDS model. Therefore, it is unlikely that (2R,6R)-HNK is essential for antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hidetoh Toki
- Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Min Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeyuki Chaki
- Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Vugmeyster L, Ostrovsky D. Basic experiments in 2H static NMR for the characterization of protein side-chain dynamics. Methods 2018; 148:136-145. [PMID: 29705208 PMCID: PMC6133770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is the basic methodology for applications of static deuteron NMR for studies of dynamics in the side chains of proteins. We review experimental approaches for the measurements of static line shapes and relaxation rates as well as signal enhancement strategies using the multiple echo acquisition scheme. Further, we describe computational strategies for modeling jump and diffusive motions underlying experimental data. Applications are chosen from studies of amyloid fibrils comprising the amyloid-β protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Vugmeyster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
| | - Dmitry Ostrovsky
- Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Bhagia S, Meng X, Evans BR, Dunlap JR, Bali G, Chen J, Reeves KS, Ho HC, Davison BH, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. Ultrastructure and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Deuterated Switchgrass. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13226. [PMID: 30185812 PMCID: PMC6125453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutron scattering of deuterated plants can provide fundamental insight into the structure of lignocellulosics in plant cell walls and its deconstruction by pretreatment and enzymes. Such plants need to be characterized for any alterations to lignocellulosic structure caused by growth in deuterated media. Here we show that glucose yields from enzymatic hydrolysis at lower enzyme loading were 35% and 30% for untreated deuterated and protiated switchgrass, respectively. Lignin content was 4% higher in deuterated switchgrass but there were no significant lignin structural differences. Transmission electron microscopy showed differences in lignin distribution and packing of fibers in the cell walls that apparently increased surface area of cellulose in deuterated switchgrass, increasing cellulose accessibility and lowering its recalcitrance. These differences in lignification were likely caused by abiotic stress due to growth in deuterated media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarthya Bhagia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barbara R Evans
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory**, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - John R Dunlap
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Garima Bali
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Kimberly Shawn Reeves
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Hoi Chun Ho
- Carbon and Composite Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Brian H Davison
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
- Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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37
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Nguyen D, Mayne L, Phillips MC, Walter Englander S. Reference Parameters for Protein Hydrogen Exchange Rates. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:1936-1939. [PMID: 30022340 PMCID: PMC6087487 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of many hydrogen exchange (HX) experiments depends on knowledge of exchange rates expected for the unstructured protein under the same conditions. We present here some minor adjustments to previously calibrated values and a stringent test of their accuracy. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nguyen
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Leland Mayne
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - S Walter Englander
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Plavcová L, Hronková M, Šimková M, Květoň J, Vráblová M, Kubásek J, Šantrůček J. Seasonal variation of δ 18O and δ 2H in leaf water of Fagus sylvatica L. and related water compartments. J Plant Physiol 2018; 227:56-65. [PMID: 29606360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to assess variability in leaf water isotopic enrichment occurring in the field under natural conditions. We focused on seasonal variation and difference between sun-exposed and shaded leaves. Isotopic composition (δ18O, δ2H) of leaf water was monitored in a beech tree (Fagus sylvatica L.) growing in the forest-meadow ecotone together with δ18O (2H) of water compartments which are in close relation to this signal, namely twig and soil water. The sampling was carried out in approximately two-week intervals during five consecutive vegetation seasons. The δ18O (2H) data showed a distinct seasonal pattern and a consistency in relative differences between the seasons and sample categories. Leaf water was the most isotopically enriched water compartment. The leaf water enrichment decreased toward the autumn reflecting the change in δ18O (2H) of source water and evaporative demands. The soil and twig water isotopic signal was depleted against current precipitation as it partly retained the isotopic signature from winter precipitation however the seasonal pattern of soil and twig water followed that of precipitation. No significant differences between sun-exposed and shaded samples were detected. Nevertheless, the observed strong seasonal pattern of isotope composition of leaf, twig and soil water should be taken into account when using leaf water enrichment for further calculations or modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Plavcová
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, CZ-50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Hronková
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šimková
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Květoň
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vráblová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17. listopadu 15, CZ-70833, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kubásek
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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De Feyter HM, Behar KL, Corbin ZA, Fulbright RK, Brown PB, McIntyre S, Nixon TW, Rothman DL, de Graaf RA. Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) for MRI-based 3D mapping of metabolism in vivo. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat7314. [PMID: 30140744 PMCID: PMC6105304 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the only widely available metabolic imaging technique in the clinic is positron emission tomography (PET) detection of the radioactive glucose analog 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18FDG). However, 18FDG-PET does not inform on metabolism downstream of glucose uptake and often provides ambiguous results in organs with intrinsic high glucose uptake, such as the brain. Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel, noninvasive approach that combines deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with oral intake or intravenous infusion of nonradioactive 2H-labeled substrates to generate three-dimensional metabolic maps. DMI can reveal glucose metabolism beyond mere uptake and can be used with other 2H-labeled substrates as well. We demonstrate DMI by mapping metabolism in the brain and liver of animal models and human subjects using [6,6'-2H2]glucose or [2H3]acetate. In a rat glioma model, DMI revealed pronounced metabolic differences between normal brain and tumor tissue, with high-contrast metabolic maps depicting the Warburg effect. We observed similar metabolic patterns and image contrast in two patients with a high-grade brain tumor after oral intake of 2H-labeled glucose. Further, DMI used in rat and human livers showed [6,6'-2H2]glucose stored as labeled glycogen. DMI is a versatile, robust, and easy-to-implement technique that requires minimal modifications to existing clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanners. DMI has great potential to become a widespread method for metabolic imaging in both (pre)clinical research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk M. De Feyter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.M.D.F.); (R.A.d.G.)
| | - Kevin L. Behar
- Department of Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zachary A. Corbin
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert K. Fulbright
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter B. Brown
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Scott McIntyre
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Terence W. Nixon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robin A. de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.M.D.F.); (R.A.d.G.)
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Lajos R, Braicu C, Jurj A, Chira S, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Pileczki V, Berindan-Neagoe I. A miRNAs profile evolution of triple negative breast cancer cells in the presence of a possible adjuvant therapy and senescence inducer. J BUON 2018; 23:692-705. [PMID: 30003739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with an increasing number of cases resistant to chemotherapy. To increase the response to therapy, different adjuvant systems are tested, like the case of deuterium-depleted water (DDW). METHODS For this study, we selected as in vitro model the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and we performed a series of microscopy-based functional tests (apoptosis, autophagy assays, senescence detection) and microarray evaluation of the miRNA profile in order to evaluate changes induced by cisplatin and DDW treatment at cellular and molecular level. RESULTS Cisplatin treatment led to increased mitochondrial activity and autophagy for cells kept in DDW, compared with those in standard conditions (SC). We also observed that cells treated with DDW medium promoted senescence in a higher level than SC. The exosomal miRNAs released in cell culture revealed an altered pattern in the case of cells maintained in DDW compared to SC. CONCLUSION DDW was proved to be non-toxic, and, when administered with cisplatin, to slightly increase the senescence of cancer cells, therefore, can be pondered as adjuvant therapeutic agent. However, future studies are needed to be done in order to further elucidate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raduly Lajos
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cormier MA, Werner RA, Sauer PE, Gröcke DR, Leuenberger MC, Wieloch T, Schleucher J, Kahmen A. 2 H-fractionations during the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and lipids imprint a metabolic signal on the δ 2 H values of plant organic compounds. New Phytol 2018; 218:479-491. [PMID: 29460486 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H) isotope ratio (δ2 H) analyses of plant organic compounds have been applied to assess ecohydrological processes in the environment despite a large part of the δ2 H variability observed in plant compounds not being fully elucidated. We present a conceptual biochemical model based on empirical H isotope data that we generated in two complementary experiments that clarifies a large part of the unexplained variability in the δ2 H values of plant organic compounds. The experiments demonstrate that information recorded in the δ2 H values of plant organic compounds goes beyond hydrological signals and can also contain important information on the carbon and energy metabolism of plants. Our model explains where 2 H-fractionations occur in the biosynthesis of plant organic compounds and how these 2 H-fractionations are tightly coupled to a plant's carbon and energy metabolism. Our model also provides a mechanistic basis to introduce H isotopes in plant organic compounds as a new metabolic proxy for the carbon and energy metabolism of plants and ecosystems. Such a new metabolic proxy has the potential to be applied in a broad range of disciplines, including plant and ecosystem physiology, biogeochemistry and palaeoecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Cormier
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter E Sauer
- Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Darren R Gröcke
- Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Markus C Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Vergara F, Itouga M, Becerra RG, Hirai M, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ, Winkler R. Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. elevated tolerance to D 2O: its use for the production of highly deuterated metabolites. Planta 2018; 247:405-412. [PMID: 29030693 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The method introduced here to grow F. hygrometrica in high concentrations of D 2 O is an excellent alternative to produce highly deuterated metabolites with broad applications in metabolic studies. Our mass spectrometry experiments strongly indicate the successful incorporation of deuterium into organic compounds. Deuterated metabolites are useful tracers for metabolic studies, yet their wide utilization in research is limited by the multi-step total synthesis required to produce them in the laboratory. Alternatively, deuterated metabolites can be obtained from organisms grown in D2O or deuterated nutrients. This approach also has limitations as D2O in high concentrations negatively affects the survival of most organisms. Here we report the moss Funaria hygrometrica as an unusual high tolerant to D2O in liquid culture. We found that this moss is able to grow in up to 90% D2O, a condition lethal for many eukaryotes. Mass spectrometric analyses of F. hygrometrica extracts showed a strong deuteration pattern. The ability to tolerate high concentrations of D2O together with the development of a rich molecular toolbox makes F. hygrometrica an ideal system for the production of valuable deuterated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredd Vergara
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Misao Itouga
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Roberto Gamboa Becerra
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Masami Hirai
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - José Juan Ordaz-Ortiz
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
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Ruan Y, Bluck LC, Smith J, Mander A, Singh P, Venables M. Application of Bayesian analysis to the doubly labelled water method for total energy expenditure in humans. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:23-32. [PMID: 29027729 PMCID: PMC5765481 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The doubly labelled water (DLW) method is the reference method for the estimation of free-living total energy expenditure (TEE). In this method, where both 2 H and 18 O are employed, different approaches have been adopted to deal with the non-conformity observed regarding the distribution space for the labels being non-coincident with total body water. However, the method adopted can have a significant effect on the estimated TEE. METHODS We proposed a Bayesian reasoning approach to modify an assumed prior distribution for the space ratio using experimental data to derive the TEE. A Bayesian hierarchical approach was also investigated. The dataset was obtained from 59 adults (37 women) who underwent a DLW experiment during which the 2 H and 18 O enrichments were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). RESULTS TEE was estimated at 9925 (9106-11236) [median and interquartile range], 9646 (9167-10540), and 9,638 (9220-10340) kJ·day-1 for women and at 13961 (12851-15347), 13353 (12651-15088) and 13211 (12653-14238) kJ·day-1 for men, using normalized non-Bayesian, independent Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian approaches, respectively. A comparison of hierarchical Bayesian with normalized non-Bayesian methods indicated a marked difference in behaviour between genders. The median difference was -287 kJ·day-1 for women, and -750 kJ·day-1 for men. In men there is an appreciable compression of the TEE distribution obtained from the hierarchical model compared with the normalized non-Bayesian methods (range of TEE 11234-15431 kJ·day-1 vs 10786-18221 kJ·day-1 ). An analogous, yet smaller, compression is seen in women (7081-12287 kJ·day-1 vs 6989-13775 kJ·day-1 ). CONCLUSIONS The Bayesian analysis is an appealing method to estimate TEE during DLW experiments. The principal advantages over those obtained using the classical least-squares method is the generation of potentially more useful estimates of TEE, and improved handling of outliers and missing data scenarios, particularly if a hierarchical model is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ruan
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
| | - Les C.J. Bluck
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
| | - James Smith
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Adrian Mander
- MRC Biostatistics UnitCambridge Institute of Public HealthForvie Site Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0SRUK
| | - Priya Singh
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
| | - Michelle Venables
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
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Rito J, Viegas I, Pardal MA, Metón I, Baanante IV, Jones JG. Disposition of a Glucose Load into Hepatic Glycogen by Direct and Indirect Pathways in Juvenile Seabass and Seabream. Sci Rep 2018; 8:464. [PMID: 29323287 PMCID: PMC5765127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In carnivorous fish, conversion of a glucose load to hepatic glycogen is widely used to assess their metabolic flexibility towards carbohydrate utilization, but the activities of direct and indirect pathways in this setting are unclear. We assessed the conversion of an intraperitoneal glucose load (2 g.kg-1) enriched with [U-13C6]glucose to hepatic glycogen in juvenile seabass and seabream. 13C-NMR analysis of glycogen was used to determine the contribution of the load to glycogen synthesis via direct and indirect pathways at 48-hr post-injection. For seabass, [U-13C6]glucose was accompanied by deuterated water and 2H-NMR analysis of glycogen 2H-enrichment, allowing endogenous substrate contributions to be assessed as well. For fasted seabass and seabream, 47 ± 5% and 64 ± 10% of glycogen was synthesized from the load, respectively. Direct and indirect pathways contributed equally (25 ± 3% direct, 21 ± 1% indirect for seabass; 35 ± 7% direct, 29 ± 4% indirect for seabream). In fasted seabass, integration of 2H- and 13C-NMR analysis indicated that endogenous glycerol and anaplerotic substrates contributed an additional 7 ± 2% and 7 ± 1%, respectively. In fed seabass, glucose load contributions were residual and endogenous contributions were negligible. Concluding, direct and indirect pathways contributed equally and substantially to fasting hepatic glycogen repletion from a glucose load in juvenile seabream and seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rito
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 1° Piso da FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 1° Piso da FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Joan XXIII 27, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Joan XXIII 27, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John G Jones
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 1° Piso da FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Navratil A, Shchepinov MS, Dennis EA. Lipidomics Reveals Dramatic Physiological Kinetic Isotope Effects during the Enzymatic Oxygenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ex Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:235-243. [PMID: 29206462 PMCID: PMC5765537 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4) is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the main precursor to the class of lipid mediators known as eicosanoids. The enzymes that catalyze the oxygenation of AA begin by abstracting hydrogen from one of three bis-allylic carbons within 1,4-cis,cis-diene units. Substitution of deuterium for hydrogen has been shown to lead to massive kinetic isotope effects (KIE) for soybean lipoxygenase (sLOX) oxygenation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2). Yet, experimental determination of the KIE during oxygenation of AA and LA by mammalian enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) has revealed far lower values. All prior studies investigating the KIE of PUFA oxygenation have relied on in vitro systems using purified enzymes and were limited by availability of deuterated substrates. Here we demonstrate the use of macrophages as an ex vivo model system to study the physiological KIE (PKIE) during enzymatic AA oxygenation by living cells using a newly synthesized library of deuterated AA isotopologues. By extending lipidomic UPLC-MS/MS approaches to simultaneously quantify native and deuterated lipid products, we were able to demonstrate that the magnitude of the PKIE measured in macrophages for COX and LOX oxygenation of AA is similar to KIEs determined in previous reports using the AA isotopologue deuterated at carbon 13 (C13). However, for the first time we show that increasing the number of deuterated bis-allylic carbons to include both C10 and C13 leads to a massive increase in the PKIE for COX oxygenation of AA. We provide evidence that hydrogen(s) present at C10 of AA play a critical role in the catalysis of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Furthermore, we discovered that deuteration of C10 promotes the formation of the resolving lipid mediator lipoxin B4, likely by interfering with AA cyclization and shunting AA to the LOX pathway under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron
R. Navratil
- Departments
of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
| | - Mikhail S. Shchepinov
- Retrotope,
Incorporated, 4300 El
Camino Real, Suite 201, Los Altos, California 94022, United States
| | - Edward A. Dennis
- Departments
of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
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Wilkinson DJ. Historical and contemporary stable isotope tracer approaches to studying mammalian protein metabolism. Mass Spectrom Rev 2018; 37:57-80. [PMID: 27182900 PMCID: PMC5763415 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over a century ago, Frederick Soddy provided the first evidence for the existence of isotopes; elements that occupy the same position in the periodic table are essentially chemically identical but differ in mass due to a different number of neutrons within the atomic nucleus. Allied to the discovery of isotopes was the development of some of the first forms of mass spectrometers, driven forward by the Nobel laureates JJ Thomson and FW Aston, enabling the accurate separation, identification, and quantification of the relative abundance of these isotopes. As a result, within a few years, the number of known isotopes both stable and radioactive had greatly increased and there are now over 300 stable or radioisotopes presently known. Unknown at the time, however, was the potential utility of these isotopes within biological disciplines, it was soon discovered that these stable isotopes, particularly those of carbon (13 C), nitrogen (15 N), oxygen (18 O), and hydrogen (2 H) could be chemically introduced into organic compounds, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars, and used to "trace" the metabolic fate of these compounds within biological systems. From this important breakthrough, the age of the isotope tracer was born. Over the following 80 yrs, stable isotopes would become a vital tool in not only the biological sciences, but also areas as diverse as forensics, geology, and art. This progress has been almost exclusively driven through the development of new and innovative mass spectrometry equipment from IRMS to GC-MS to LC-MS, which has allowed for the accurate quantitation of isotopic abundance within samples of complex matrices. This historical review details the development of stable isotope tracers as metabolic tools, with particular reference to their use in monitoring protein metabolism, highlighting the unique array of tools that are now available for the investigation of protein metabolism in vivo at a whole body down to a single protein level. Importantly, it will detail how this development has been closely aligned to the technological development within the area of mass spectrometry. Without the dedicated development provided by these mass spectrometrists over the past century, the use of stable isotope tracers within the field of protein metabolism would not be as widely applied as it is today, this relationship will no doubt continue to flourish in the future and stable isotope tracers will maintain their importance as a tool within the biological sciences for many years to come. © 2016 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel James Wilkinson
- MRC‐ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital CentreDerbyUnited Kingdom
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Zhou Y, Zhang B, Stuart-Williams H, Grice K, Hocart CH, Gessler A, Kayler ZE, Farquhar GD. On the contributions of photorespiration and compartmentation to the contrasting intramolecular 2H profiles of C 3 and C 4 plant sugars. Phytochemistry 2018; 145:197-206. [PMID: 29175728 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentation of C4 photosynthetic biochemistry into bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M) cells, and photorespiration in C3 plants is predicted to have hydrogen isotopic consequences for metabolites at both molecular and site-specific levels. Molecular-level evidence was recently reported (Zhou et al., 2016), but evidence at the site-specific level is still lacking. We propose that such evidence exists in the contrasting 2H distribution profiles of glucose samples from naturally grown C3, C4 and CAM plants: photorespiration contributes to the relative 2H enrichment in H5 and relative 2H depletion in H1 & H6 (the average of the two pro-chiral Hs and in particular H6,pro-R) in C3 glucose, while 2H-enriched C3 mesophyll cellular (chloroplastic) water most likely contributes to the enrichment at H4; export of (transferable hydrogen atoms of) NADPH from C4 mesophyll cells to bundle sheath cells (via the malate shuttle) and incorporation of 2H-relatively unenriched BS cellular water contribute to the relative depletion of H4 & H5 respectively; shuttling of triose-phosphates (PGA: phosphoglycerate dand DHAP: dihydroacetone phosphate) between C4 bundle sheath and mesophyll cells contributes to the relative enrichment in H1 & H6 (in particular H6,pro-R) in C4 glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China; Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, ZALF, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology & Inland Fisheries, Germany.
| | - Benli Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Kliti Grice
- WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Charles H Hocart
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, ZALF, Germany; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Zachary E Kayler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, ZALF, Germany; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australia
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Golizeh M, Lee K, Ilchenko S, Ösme A, Bena J, Sadygov RG, Kashyap SR, Kasumov T. Increased serotransferrin and ceruloplasmin turnover in diet-controlled patients with type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:461-469. [PMID: 29079528 PMCID: PMC5739305 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with oxidative stress and perturbed iron metabolism. Serotransferrin (Trf) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) are two key proteins involved in iron metabolism and anti-oxidant defense. Non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative modification of plasma proteins are known to occur under hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. In this study, shotgun proteomics and 2H2O-based metabolic labeling were used to characterize post-translational modifications and assess the kinetics of Trf and Cp in T2DM patients and matched controls in vivo. Six early lysine (Amadori) and one advanced arginine glycation were detected in Trf. No glycation, but five asparagine deamidations, were found in Cp. T2DM patients had increased fractional catabolic rates of both Trf and Cp that correlated with HbA1c (p < 0.05). The glycated Trf population was subject to an even faster degradation compared to the total Trf pool, suggesting that hyperglycemia contributed to an increased Trf degradation in T2DM patients. Enhanced production of Trf and Cp kept their levels stable. The changes in Trf and Cp turnover were associated with increased systemic oxidative stress without any alteration in iron status in T2DM. These findings can help better understand the potential role of altered Trf and Cp metabolism in the pathogenesis of T2DM and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Golizeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Kwangwon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Serguei Ilchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Abdullah Ösme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - James Bena
- Section of Biostatistics, Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rovshan G Sadygov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sangeeta R Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States; Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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49
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Funk AM, Anderson BL, Wen X, Hever T, Khemtong C, Kovacs Z, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. The rate of lactate production from glucose in hearts is not altered by per-deuteration of glucose. J Magn Reson 2017; 284:86-93. [PMID: 28972888 PMCID: PMC5817885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether perdeuterated glucose experiences a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) as glucose passes through glycolysis and is further oxidized in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Metabolism of deuterated glucose was investigated in two groups of perfused rat hearts. The control group was supplied with a 1:1 mixture of [U-13C6]glucose and [1,6-13C2]glucose, while the experimental group received [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose and [1,6-13C2]glucose. Tissue extracts were analyzed by 1H, 2H and proton-decoupled 13C NMR spectroscopy. Extensive 2H-13C scalar coupling plus chemical shift isotope effects were observed in the proton-decoupled 13C NMR spectra of lactate, alanine and glutamate. A small but measureable (∼8%) difference in the rate of conversion of [U-13C6]glucose vs. [1,6-13C2]glucose to lactate, likely reflecting rates of CC bond breakage in the aldolase reaction, but conversion of [U-13C6]glucose versus [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose to lactate did not differ. This shows that the presence of deuterium in glucose does not alter glycolytic flux. However, there were two distinct effects of deuteration on metabolism of glucose to alanine and oxidation of glucose in the TCA. First, alanine undergoes extensive exchange of methyl deuterons with solvent protons in the alanine amino transferase reaction. Second, there is a substantial kinetic isotope effect in metabolism of [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose to alanine and glutamate. In the presence of [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose, alanine and lactate are not in rapid exchange with the same pool of pyruvate. These studies indicate that the appearance of hyperpolarized 13C-lactate from hyperpolarized [U-13C6,U-2H7]glucose is not substantially influenced by a deuterium kinetic isotope effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Brian L Anderson
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX, United States.
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50
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Gerlein-Safdi C, Gauthier PPG, Sinkler CJ, Caylor KK. Leaf water 18 O and 2 H maps show directional enrichment discrepancy in Colocasia esculenta. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:2095-2108. [PMID: 28658718 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns of leaf water isotopes are challenging to predict because of the intricate link between vein and lamina water. Many models have attempted to predict these patterns, but to date, most have focused on monocots with parallel veins. These provide a simple system to study, but do not represent the majority of plant species. Here, a new protocol is developed using a Picarro induction module coupled to a cavity ringdown spectrometer to obtain maps of the leaf water isotopes (18 O and 2 H). The technique is applied to Colocasia esculenta leaves. The results are compared with isotope ratio mass spectrometry. In C. esculenta, a large enrichment in the radial direction is observed, but not in the longitudinal direction. The string-of-lakes model fails to predict the observed patterns, while the Farquhar-Gan model is more successful, especially when enrichment is accounted for along the radial direction. Our results show that reticulate-veined leaves experience a larger enrichment along the axis of the secondary veins than along the midrib. We hypothesize that this is due to the lower major/minor vein ratio that leads to longer pathways between major veins and sites of evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Paul P G Gauthier
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Craig James Sinkler
- Department of Geological, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
- EarthRes Group Inc., Pipersville, PA, 18947, USA
| | - Kelly Krispin Caylor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Geography, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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