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Yu FF, Rathnakar J, Ryder B, Hitt B, Kashmer OM, Sherry AD, Vinogradov E. Differentiation and characterization of healthy versus pathological tau using chemical exchange saturation transfer. NMR Biomed 2024:e5160. [PMID: 38646677 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles of tau constitute one of the key biological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the assessment of regional tau accumulation requires intravenous administration of radioactive tracers for PET imaging. A noninvasive MRI-based solution would have significant clinical implications. Herein, we utilized an MRI technique known as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) to determine the imaging signature of tau in both its monomeric and pathologic fibrillated conformations. Three sets of purified recombinant full-length (4R) tau protein were prepared for collection of CEST spectra using a 9.4 T NMR spectrometer at varying temperatures (25, 37, and 42 °C) and RF intensities (0.7, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.2 μT). Monomeric and fibrillated tau were readily distinguished based on their Z-spectrum profiles. Fibrillated tau demonstrated a less prominent peak at 3.5 ppm with additional peaks near 0.5 and 1.5 ppm. No significant differences were identified between fibrillated tau prepared using heparin versus seed-competent tau. In conclusion, monomeric and fibrillated tau can be readily detected and distinguished based on their CEST-derived Z-spectra, pointing to the potential utility of CEST-MRI as a noninvasive biomarker of regional pathologic tau accumulation in the brain. Further testing and validation in vitro and in vivo will be necessary before this can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Frank Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James Rathnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Ryder
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Hitt
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, UCI Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
| | - Omar M Kashmer
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elena Vinogradov
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Paranawithana NN, Chiaffarelli R, Kretschmer J, Buchanan E, Lopez K, Zhao P, Kiefer G, Jurek P, Martins AF, Sherry AD. Enhancing r1 Relaxivity in GdDOTA-Monoamide Complexes through Polar Group-Mediated Ordering of Second-Sphere Water Molecules. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4072-4077. [PMID: 38385753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study was designed to test whether the single appended phosphonate group in GdDOTA-1AmP is sufficient for catalyzing the exchange of proton from the single inner-sphere water-exchanging molecule. Unlike the other phosphonate derivatives in this series, GdDOTA-1AmP showed a surprisingly smooth increase in r1 relaxivity from 3.0 to 6.3 mM-1 s-1 at 20 MHz as the pH was lowered from 9 to 2.5. In comparison to the bis-, tris-, and tetrakis-phosphonate analogues, which all show a biphasic dependence of r1 with changes in pH, the unique r1 versus pH characteristics of GdDOTA-1AmP are shown to closely parallel deprotonation of the single appended phosphonate group. Although the tissue biodistribution and clearance rates of GdDOTA-1AmP are more favorable than the other more highly charged phosphonate derivatives, the pH dependency of r1 is substantially reduced at magnetic fields typically used for small animal imaging (7 and 9.4T), so the attractiveness of this new molecule for quantitative imaging of tissue pH is diminished. However, this study provides some new insights into the feasibility of designing pH-responsive MRI contrast agents based upon fundamental acid-base prototropic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namini N Paranawithana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Remy Chiaffarelli
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies″, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Kretschmer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies″, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Emily Buchanan
- Macrocyclics, Inc., An Orano Med Company, 700 Klein Road, Plano, Texas 75074, United States
| | - Katherine Lopez
- Macrocyclics, Inc., An Orano Med Company, 700 Klein Road, Plano, Texas 75074, United States
| | - Piyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Garry Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Macrocyclics, Inc., An Orano Med Company, 700 Klein Road, Plano, Texas 75074, United States
| | - Paul Jurek
- Macrocyclics, Inc., An Orano Med Company, 700 Klein Road, Plano, Texas 75074, United States
| | - André F Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies″, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Sherry AD, Haymaker C, Bathala T, Lu X, Medina-Rosales M, Marmonti E, Pradeep H, Liu S, Fellman B, Mok H, Choi S, Chun SG, Aparicio A, Kovitz C, Zurita-Saavedra A, Gomez DR, Reuben A, Wistuba I, Corn PG, Tang C. Peripheral T-Cell Priming and Micrometastatic Disease Control with Metastasis-Directed Therapy: Multidimensional Immunogenomic Profiling of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer in the EXTEND Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S33-S34. [PMID: 37784479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Comprehensive metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) for oligometastatic prostate cancer extended progression-free survival (PFS) and time to new lesion formation in the intermittent hormone therapy (HT) basket of EXTEND. To better understand the mechanism of MDT benefit, we pooled the intermittent and continuous HT baskets of EXTEND and tested the hypothesis that adding MDT to HT would program systemic T-cells to control micrometastatic disease. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 174 men were randomized to HT with or without MDT to up to 5 sites of metastases. HT was given for 6 months (intermittent basket, n = 87) or indefinitely (continuous basket, n = 87). Peripheral blood samples were drawn at enrollment, at the end of MDT, at 3 months follow-up (3 mo F/U), and at progression and then analyzed by flow cytometry, T-cell receptor (TCR)-β CDR3 variable region sequencing, multiplex cytokine profiling, and next-generation circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing. TCR clonal expansion was determined using a published betabinomial model. Repertoire changes were assessed by Morisita's index, and dominant TCR repertoire motifs were characterized with ImmunoMap. Associations between blood markers and PFS were evaluated with Cox regression adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) accounting for randomization arm and stratifying for intermittent vs continuous HT. RESULTS Randomization to MDT+HT was associated with T-cell activation, proliferation, and clonal expansion. This response was first observed at end-MDT as upregulated expression of T-cell activation and inhibition markers (i.e., ICOS, Tim-3, and LAG-3) and increases in highly proliferative CD4+ and CD8+ Ki67hi T-cells (all P<0.05). TCR sequencing of 7,678,911 T-cells revealed that MDT+HT was associated with TCR clonal expansion, remodeling of the TCR repertoire, and changes in dominant TCR motifs at end-MDT and 3 mo F/U (all P<0.05). Observed T-cell priming could be driven by signaling networks of canonical T-cell stimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15), which were upregulated at end-MDT and persisted at 3 mo F/U (all P<0.05). This modulation of T-cell phenotype, clonotype, and cytokine concentrations was not observed in the HT-monotherapy arm. At end-MDT, systemic T-cell responses were associated with improved PFS, most notably CD8+ T-cell expression of LAG-3 (aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.03-0.91) and high TCR clonal expansion (aHR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.52). High ctDNA burden at end-MDT correlated with worse PFS (aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-2.54), as did CD8+ T-cell expression of inhibitory receptor TIGIT at 3 mo F/U (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06). CONCLUSION The addition of MDT to HT induced systemic T-cell activation and expansion, which was not observed in the HT-only arm. This systemic immune response was independently associated with improved PFS. In addition to cytoreduction of macroscopic disease, MDT-induced immune education may be an important complementary mechanism of micrometastatic control in oligometastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Sherry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - C Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - T Bathala
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - X Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Medina-Rosales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - E Marmonti
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Pradeep
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Mok
- Department of Genitourinary Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Choi
- Department of Genitourinary Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S G Chun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - C Kovitz
- Department of General Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A Zurita-Saavedra
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - D R Gomez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Reuben
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - P G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - C Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Genitourinary Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Parrott D, Suh EH, Khalighinejad P, Jordan VC, Arreola I, Lo ST, Sherry AD. Investigations into the Signaling Pathways Involving Glucose-Stimulated Zinc Secretion (GSZS) from Prostate Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:935-943. [PMID: 37097498 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, we reported that exposure of prostate cells in vitro or the in vivo prostate to high glucose results in release of Zn2+ ions, a process now referred to as glucose-stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS). To our knowledge, the metabolic event(s) that trigger GSZS remain largely unknown. Here, we explore several signaling pathways both in vitro using a prostate epithelial cell line and in vivo from the rat prostate. METHODS PNT1A cells grown to confluence were washed and tagged with ZIMIR to monitor zinc secretion by optical methods. The expression levels of GLUT1, GLUT4, and Akt in cells cultured in either zinc-rich or zinc-poor media and after exposure to high versus low glucose were determined. Zinc secretion from the rat prostate in vivo as detected by MRI was compared in control animals after injection of glucose, deoxyglucose, or pyruvate to initiate zinc secretion and in animals pre-treated with WZB-117 (a GLUT1 inhibitor) or S961 (a peripheral insulin receptor inhibitor). RESULTS PNT1A cells exposed to high levels of glucose secrete zinc whereas cells exposed to an equivalent amount of deoxyglucose or pyruvate do not. Expression of Akt was dramatically altered by zinc supplementation of the culture media but not after exposure to glucose while GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels were less affected. Rats pre-treated with WZB-117 prior to imaging showed a reduction in GSZS from the prostate compared to controls whereas rats pre-treated with S961 showed no difference. Interestingly, in comparison to PNT1A cells, pyruvate and deoxyglucose also stimulate zinc secretion in vivo likely through indirect mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS GSZS requires metabolism of glucose both in vitro (PNT1A cells) and in vivo (rat prostate). Pyruvate also stimulates zinc secretion in vivo but likely via an indirect pathway involving rapid production of glucose via gluconeogenesis. These combined results support the conclusion that glycolytic flux is required to trigger GSZS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Parrott
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Arreola
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9039, USA
| | - Su-Tang Lo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 775390-8568, USA.
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 7575390-8896, USA.
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 7575083-3021, USA.
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Sherry AD, Castelli DD, Aime S. Prospects and limitations of paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer agents serving as biological reporters in vivo. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4698. [PMID: 35122337 PMCID: PMC9984198 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The concept of using paramagnetic metal ion complexes as chemical exchange saturation transfer agents (paraCEST) for molecular imaging of various biological processes first appeared in the literature about 20 years ago. The first paraCEST agent was based on a highly shifted, inner-sphere, slowly exchanging water molecule that could be activated at a frequency far away from bulk water, a substantial advantage for selective activation of the agent alone. Many other paraCEST agent designs followed that were based on activation of exchanging -NH or -OH proton on the chelate itself. Both types of paraCEST designs are attractive for molecular imaging because the rates of water molecule or ligand proton exchange can be designed to be sensitive to a biological or physiological property such as pH, enzyme activity, or redox. Hence, the intensity or frequency of the resulting CEST signal provides a direct readout of that property. Many molecular designs have appeared in the literature over the past 20 years, mostly reported as proof-of-concept designs but, unfortunately, only a few reports have explored the limitations of paraCEST agents for imaging a biological process in vivo. As a community, we now know that the sensitivity of paraCEST agents is lower than one might anticipate based upon simple chemical exchange principles and, in general, it appears the sensitivity of paraCEST agents is even lower in vivo than in vitro. In this short review, we address some of the factors that contribute to the limited sensitivity of paraCEST agents in vivo, offer some thoughts on approaches that could lead to dramatically improved paraCEST sensitivity, and challenge the scientific community to perform more in vivo experiments designed to test these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela Delli Castelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Alger JR, Jin ES. Recent progress in analysis of intermediary metabolism by ex vivo 13 C NMR. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4817. [PMID: 35997012 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging technologies, large-scale metabolomics, and the measurement of gene transcripts or enzyme expression all enable investigations of intermediary metabolism in human patients. Complementary information about fluxes in individual metabolic pathways may be obtained by ex vivo 13 C NMR of blood or tissue biopsies. Simple molecules such as 13 C-labeled glucose are readily administered to patients prior to surgical biopsies, and 13 C-labeled glycerol is easily administered orally to outpatients. Here, we review recent progress in practical applications of 13 C NMR to study cancer biology, the response to oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, triglyceride synthesis in patients, as well as new insights into compartmentation of metabolism in the cytosol. The technical aspects of obtaining the sample, preparing material for analysis, and acquiring the spectra are relatively simple. This approach enables convenient, valuable, and quantitative insights into intermediary metabolism in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Khalighinejad P, Suh EH, Sherry AD. MRI Methods for Imaging Beta-Cell Function in the Rodent Pancreas. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2592:101-111. [PMID: 36507988 PMCID: PMC10008468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of Zn2+ ions in proper storage of insulin in β-cell granules is well-established so when insulin is secreted from β-cells stimulated by an increase in plasma glucose, free Zn2+ ions are also released. This local increase in Zn2+ can be detected in the pancreas of rodents in real time by the use of a zinc-responsive MR contrast agent. This method offers the opportunity to monitor β-cell function longitudinally in live rodents. The methods used in our lab are fully described in this short report and some MR images of a rat pancreas showing clearly enhanced hot spots in the tail are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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8
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Dao E, Clavijo Jordan MV, Geraki K, Martins AF, Chirayil S, Sherry AD, Farquharson MJ. Using micro-synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence (µ-SRXRF) for trace metal imaging in the development of MRI contrast agents for prostate cancer imaging. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 74:127054. [PMID: 35939923 PMCID: PMC9940726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast agents (CA) are administered in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clinical exams to measure tissue perfusion, enhance image contrast between adjacent tissues, or provide additional biochemical information in molecular MRI. The efficacy of a CA is determined by the tissue distribution of the agent and its concentration in the extracellular space of all tissues. METHODS In this work, micro-synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence (µ-SRXRF) was used to examine and characterize a gadolinium-based zinc-sensitive agent (GdL2) currently under development for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) by MRI. Prostate tissue samples were collected from control mice and mice with known PCa after an MRI exam that included injection of GdL2. The samples were raster scanned to investigate trends in Zn, Gd, Cu, Fe, S, P, and Ca. RESULTS Significant Zn and Gd co-localization was observed in both healthy and malignant tissues. In addition, a marked decrease in Zn was found in the lateral lobe of the prostate obtained from mice with PCa. CONCLUSION We demonstrate here that µ-SRXRF is a useful tool for monitoring the distribution of several elements including Zn and Gd in animal models of cancer. The optimized procedures for tissue preparation, processing, data collection, and analysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dao
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - M V Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - K Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - A F Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - S Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - A D Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, 72076, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - M J Farquharson
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, 72076, Germany; School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Zhou J, Zaiss M, Knutsson L, Sun PZ, Ahn SS, Aime S, Bachert P, Blakeley JO, Cai K, Chappell MA, Chen M, Gochberg DF, Goerke S, Heo HY, Jiang S, Jin T, Kim SG, Laterra J, Paech D, Pagel MD, Park JE, Reddy R, Sakata A, Sartoretti-Schefer S, Sherry AD, Smith SA, Stanisz GJ, Sundgren PC, Togao O, Vandsburger M, Wen Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Zu Z, van Zijl PCM. Review and consensus recommendations on clinical APT-weighted imaging approaches at 3T: Application to brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:546-574. [PMID: 35452155 PMCID: PMC9321891 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MR imaging shows promise as a biomarker of brain tumor status. Currently used APTw MRI pulse sequences and protocols vary substantially among different institutes, and there are no agreed-on standards in the imaging community. Therefore, the results acquired from different research centers are difficult to compare, which hampers uniform clinical application and interpretation. This paper reviews current clinical APTw imaging approaches and provides a rationale for optimized APTw brain tumor imaging at 3 T, including specific recommendations for pulse sequences, acquisition protocols, and data processing methods. We expect that these consensus recommendations will become the first broadly accepted guidelines for APTw imaging of brain tumors on 3 T MRI systems from different vendors. This will allow more medical centers to use the same or comparable APTw MRI techniques for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling multi-center trials in larger patient cohorts and, ultimately, routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel F Gochberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advance Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akihiko Sakata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology/Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Ma J, Pinho MC, Harrison CE, Chen J, Sun C, Hackett EP, Liticker J, Ratnakar J, Reed GD, Chen AP, Sherry AD, Malloy CR, Wright SM, Madden CJ, Park JM. Dynamic 13 C MR spectroscopy as an alternative to imaging for assessing cerebral metabolism using hyperpolarized pyruvate in humans. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:1136-1149. [PMID: 34687086 PMCID: PMC8776582 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is to investigate time-resolved 13 C MR spectroscopy (MRS) as an alternative to imaging for assessing pyruvate metabolism using hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13 C]pyruvate in the human brain. METHODS Time-resolved 13 C spectra were acquired from four axial brain slices of healthy human participants (n = 4) after a bolus injection of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate. 13 C MRS with low flip-angle excitations and a multichannel 13 C/1 H dual-frequency radiofrequency (RF) coil were exploited for reliable and unperturbed assessment of HP pyruvate metabolism. Slice-wise areas under the curve (AUCs) of 13 C-metabolites were measured and kinetic analysis was performed to estimate the production rates of lactate and HCO3- . Linear regression analysis between brain volumes and HP signals was performed. Region-focused pyruvate metabolism was estimated using coil-wise 13 C reconstruction. Reproducibility of HP pyruvate exams was presented by performing two consecutive injections with a 45-minutes interval. RESULTS [1-13 C]Lactate relative to the total 13 C signal (tC) was 0.21-0.24 in all slices. [13 C] HCO3- /tC was 0.065-0.091. Apparent conversion rate constants from pyruvate to lactate and HCO3- were calculated as 0.014-0.018 s-1 and 0.0043-0.0056 s-1 , respectively. Pyruvate/tC and lactate/tC were in moderate linear relationships with fractional gray matter volume within each slice. White matter presented poor linear regression fit with HP signals, and moderate correlations of the fractional cerebrospinal fluid volume with pyruvate/tC and lactate/tC were measured. Measured HP signals were comparable between two consecutive exams with HP [1-13 C]pyruvate. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic MRS in combination with multichannel RF coils is an affordable and reliable alternative to imaging methods in investigating cerebral metabolism using HP [1-13 C]pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marco C. Pinho
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Crystal E. Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chenhao Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A & M, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Edward P. Hackett
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeff Liticker
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven M. Wright
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A & M, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J. Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA,Correspondence to: Jae Mo Park, Ph.D., 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, Texas 75390-8568, , Tel: +1-214-645-7206, Fax: +1-214-645-2744
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11
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Sharma G, Wen X, Maptue NR, Hever T, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Co-Polarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate and [1,3- 13C 2]Acetoacetate Provide a Simultaneous View of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Redox in a Single Experiment. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3967-3977. [PMID: 34761912 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular redox is intricately linked to energy production and normal cell function. Although the redox states of mitochondria and cytosol are connected by shuttle mechanisms, the redox state of mitochondria may differ from redox in the cytosol in response to stress. However, detecting these differences in functioning tissues is difficult. Here, we employed 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]acetoacetate ([1,3-13C2]AcAc) to monitor production of hyperpolarized (HP) lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate as indicators of cytosolic and mitochondrial redox, respectively. Isolated rat hearts were examined under normoxic conditions, during low-flow ischemia, and after pretreatment with either aminooxyacetate (AOA) or rotenone. All interventions were associated with an increase in [Pi]/[ATP] measured by 31P NMR. In well-oxygenated untreated hearts, rapid conversion of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc to [1,3-13C2]β-hydroxybutyrate ([1,3-13C2]β-HB) was readily detected. A significant increase in HP [1,3-13C2]β-HB but not [1-13C]lactate was observed in rotenone-treated and ischemic hearts, consistent with an increase in mitochondrial NADH but not cytosolic NADH. AOA treatments did not alter the productions of HP [1-13C]lactate or [1,3-13C2]β-HB. This study demonstrates that biomarkers of mitochondrial and cytosolic redox may be detected simultaneously in functioning tissues using co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc and 13C MRS and that changes in mitochondrial redox may precede changes in cytosolic redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Nesmine R. Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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12
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Suh EH, Geraldes CFGC, Chirayil S, Faubert B, Ayala R, DeBerardinis RJ, Sherry AD. Detection of glucose-derived D- and L-lactate in cancer cells by the use of a chiral NMR shift reagent. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:38. [PMID: 34742347 PMCID: PMC8571830 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive lactate production, a hallmark of cancer, is largely formed by the reduction of pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to l-lactate. Although d-lactate can also be produced from glucose via the methylglyoxal pathway in small amounts, less is known about the amount of d-lactate produced in cancer cells. Since the stereoisomers of lactate cannot be distinguished by conventional 1H NMR spectroscopy, a chiral NMR shift reagent was used to fully resolve the 1H NMR resonances of d- and l-lactate. Methods The production of l-lactate from glucose and d-lactate from methylglyoxal was first demonstrated in freshly isolated red blood cells using the chiral NMR shift reagent, YbDO3A-trisamide. Then, two different cell lines with high GLO1 expression (H1648 and H 1395) were selected from a panel of over 80 well-characterized human NSCLC cell lines, grown to confluence in standard tissue culture media, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, and exposed to glucose in a buffer for 4 h. After 4 h, a small volume of extracellular fluid was collected and mixed with YbDO3A-trisamide for analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results A suspension of freshly isolated red blood cells exposed to 5mM glucose produced l-lactate as expected but very little d-lactate. To evaluate the utility of the chiral NMR shift reagent, methylglyoxal was then added to red cells along with glucose to stimulate the production of d-lactate via the glyoxalate pathway. In this case, both d-lactate and l-lactate were produced and their NMR chemical shifts assigned. NSCLC cell lines with different expression levels of GLO1 produced both l- and d-lactate after incubation with glucose and glutamine alone. A GLO1-deleted parental cell line (3553T3) showed no production of d-lactate from glucose while re-expression of GLO1 resulted in higher production of d-lactate. Conclusions The shift-reagent-aided NMR technique demonstrates that d-lactate is produced from glucose in NSCLC cells via the methylglyoxal pathway. The biological role of d-lactate is uncertain but a convenient method for monitoring d-lactate production could provide new insights into the biological roles of d- versus l-lactate in cancer metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00267-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences and Coimbra Chemistry Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raul Ayala
- School of Health Professions at Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Singh J, Suh EH, Sharma G, Chen J, Hackett EP, Wen X, Sherry AD, Khemtong C, Malloy CR, Park JM, Kovacs Z. 13C-Labeled Diethyl Ketoglutarate Derivatives as Hyperpolarized Probes of 2-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Activity. Anal Sens 2021; 1:156-160. [PMID: 35669533 PMCID: PMC9165698 DOI: 10.1002/anse.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The TCA cycle is a central metabolic pathway for energy production and biosynthesis. A major control point of metabolic flux through the cycle is the decarboxylation of 2-ketoglutarate by the TCA cycle enzyme 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-KGDH). In this project, we developed 13C labeled 2-ketoglutarate derivatives to monitor 2-KGDH activity in vivo. 13C NMR analysis of liver extracts revealed that uniformly 13C labeled 2-ketogutarate, in its cell permeable ester form, was rapidly taken up and hydrolyzed in liver and underwent extensive metabolism to produce labeled glutamate, succinate, lactate and other metabolites. Diethyl [1,2-13C2]-2-ketoglutarate was successfully polarized by dynamic nuclear polarization and within seconds after injection into rats, the probe produced hyperpolarized [13C]bicarbonate in the liver reflecting flux through the TCA cycle. These experiments demonstrate that this tracer offers the possibility of directly monitoring flux through 2-KGDH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Edward P Hackett
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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14
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Ren J, Sherry AD. 31 P-MRS of healthy human brain: Measurement of guanosine diphosphate mannose at 7 T. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4576. [PMID: 34155714 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) is the donor substrate required for mannosylation in the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids and the newly discovered glycoRNA. Normal GDP-Man biosynthesis plays a crucial role in support of a variety of cellular functions, including cell recognition, cell communication and immune responses against viruses. Here, we report the detection of GDP-Man in human brain for the first time, using 31 P MRS at 7 T. The presence of GDP-Man is evidenced by the detection of a weak 31 P doublet at -10.7 ppm that can be assigned to the phosphomannosyl group (Pβ) of the GDP-Man molecule. This weak but well-resolved signal lies 0.9 ppm upfield of UDP(G) Pβ-multiplet from a mixture of UDP-Glc, UDP-Gal, UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GalNAc. In reference to ATP (2.8 mM), the concentration of GDP-Man in human brain was estimated to be 0.02 ± 0.01 mM, about 15-fold lower than the total concentration of UDP(G) (0.30 ± 0.04, N = 17) and consistent with previous reports of UDP-Man in cells and brain tissue extracts measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The reproducibility of the measured GDP-Man between test and 2-week retest was 21% ± 15% compared with 5% ± 4% for UDP(G) (N = 7). The measured concentrations of GDP-Man and UDP(G) are linearly correlated ([UDP(G)] = 4.3 [GDP-Man] + 0.02, with R = 0.66 and p = 0.0043), likely reflecting the effect of shared sugar precursors, which may vary among individuals in response to variation in nutritional intake and consumption. Given that GDP-Man has another set of doublet (Pα) at -8.3 ppm that overlaps with NAD(H) and UDP(G)-Pα signals, the amount of GDP-Man could potentially interfere with the deconvolution of these mixed signals in composition analysis. Importantly, this new finding may be useful in advancing our understanding of glycosylation and its role in the development of cancer, as well as infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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15
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Khalighinejad P, Parrott D, Clavijo Jordan V, Chirayil S, Preihs C, Rofsky NM, Xi Y, Sherry AD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detection of Glucose-Stimulated Zinc Secretion in the Enlarged Dog Prostate as a Potential Method for Differentiating Prostate Cancer From Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:450-457. [PMID: 34086013 PMCID: PMC10042468 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the United States, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being relied upon for the diagnosis and characterization of PCa, but differentiating malignancy from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the transition zone using MRI can be challenging. The characteristically high levels of zinc in human prostate tissue and a close relationship between malignant proliferation and zinc homeostatic dysregulation create opportunities to visualize PCa with novel contrast media. In mouse models, glucose-stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS) can be preferentially observed in healthy prostate tissue compared with malignant tissue; in vivo, these differences can be captured with MRI by using Gdl1, a gadolinium-based zinc-responsive contrast agent. In this study, we examined whether this technology can be applied in a large animal model by imaging older dogs with clinically diagnosed BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four intact male dogs 6 years or older with enlarged prostates were imaged (T1-weighted turbo spin-echo, TE/TR, 12/400 milliseconds and T2-weighted, TE/TR, 112/5000 milliseconds) using a 3 T scanner before and at multiple time points after intravenous injection of 0.05 mmol/kg GdL1 plus either (a) 2 mL/kg of 50% dextrose in 1 session or (b) 2 mL/kg normal saline in another session. The two sessions were one week apart, and their order was randomly determined for each dog. During postprocessing, regions of interest were generated in prostate tissue and in paraspinal muscles to evaluate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The ratio of CNR at any postinjection time point compared with baseline CNR was defined as r-CNR. After the second imaging session, the dogs were euthanized, and their prostates were harvested for histopathological examination. Baseline and postintervention plasma and urine samples were analyzed for total zinc by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mean ± SD r-CNR values at 13 minutes postinjection in the dextrose versus saline imaging sessions were 134% ± 10% and 127% ± 7%, respectively (P < 0.01). The histopathologic evaluation of prostate tissues confirmed BPH in all dogs. Interestingly, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was detected in 1 animal, and a suspicious mass was found in the same region on T2-weighted scans. The r-CNR of the mass was calculated as 113% ± 4% and 111% ± 6% in the dextrose and saline groups, respectively, with no significant differences between the 2 interventions (P = 0.54), whereas there was a statistically significant difference between the r-CNR of the whole prostate in the dextrose (130% ±11%) and saline (125% ± 9%) interventions (P = 0.03). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses showed a significantly higher urinary zinc in the dextrose versus saline groups, but no differences were found in plasma zinc levels. CONCLUSIONS T1-weighted MRI of the enlarged canine prostate showed higher r-CNR after injection of GdL1 plus dextrose compared with GdL1 plus saline, consistent with GSZS from BPH tissues. One small region of neoplastic tissue was identified in a single dog on the basis of less GSZS from that region by MRI. These findings suggest a new method for the detection of PCa by MRI that could facilitate the differentiation of BPH from PCa in the transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Daniel Parrott
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; VitalQuan, LLC, Dallas, TX
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Christian Preihs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; VitalQuan, LLC, Dallas, TX
| | - Neil M. Rofsky
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson
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16
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Ren J, Malloy CR, Sherry AD. 31 P-MRS of the healthy human brain at 7 T detects multiple hexose derivatives of uridine diphosphate glucose. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4511. [PMID: 33772915 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars are required for the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which play crucial roles in many cellular functions such as cell communication and immune responses. Uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) was previously believed to be the only nucleotide sugar detectable in brain by 31 P-MRS. Using spectra of high SNR and high resolution acquired at 7 T, we showed that multiple nucleotide sugars are coexistent in brain and can be measured simultaneously. In addition to UDP-Glc, these also include UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal), -N-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and -N-acetyl-galactosamine (UDP-GalNAc), collectively denoted as UDP(G). Coexistence of these UDP(G) species is evident from a quartet-like multiplet at -9.8 ppm (M-9.8 ), which is a common feature seen across a wide age range (24-64 years). Lineshape fitting of M-9.8 allows an evaluation of all four UDP(G) components, which further aids in analysis of a mixed signal at -8.2 ppm (M-8.2 ) for deconvolution of NAD+ and NADH. For a group of seven young healthy volunteers, the concentrations of UDP(G) species were 0.04 ± 0.01 mM for UDP-Gal, 0.07 ± 0.03 mM for UDP-Glc, 0.06 ± 0.02 mM for UDP-GalNAc and 0.08 ± 0.03 mM for UDP-GlcNA, in reference to ATP (2.8 mM). The combined concentration of all UDP(G) species (average 0.26 ± 0.06 mM) was similar to the pooled concentration of NAD+ and NADH (average 0.27 ± 0.06 mM, with a NAD+ /NADH ratio of 6.7 ± 2.1), but slightly lower than previously found in an older cohort (0.31 mM). The in vivo NMR analysis of UDP-sugar composition is consistent with those from tissue extracts by other modalities in the literature. Given that glycosylation is dependent on the availability of nucleotide sugars, assaying multiple nucleotide sugars may provide valuable insights into potential aberrant glycosylation, which has been implicated in certain diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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17
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Alger JR, Minhajuddin A, Dean Sherry A, Malloy CR. Analysis of steady-state carbon tracer experiments using akaike information criteria. Metabolomics 2021; 17:61. [PMID: 34148138 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon isotope tracers have been used to determine relative rates of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle pathways since the 1950s. Steady-state experimental data are typically fit to a single mathematical model of metabolism to determine metabolic fluxes. Whether the chosen model is appropriate for the biological system has generally not been evaluated systematically. An overly-simple model omits known pathways while an overly-complex model may produce incorrect results due to overfitting. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to develop and study a method that systematically evaluates multiple TCA cycle mathematical models as part of the fitting process. METHODS The problem of choosing overly-simple or overly-complex models was approached by developing software that automatically explores all possible combinations of flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase and anaplerosis at propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and equivalent pathways, all relative to TCA cycle flux. Typical TCA cycle metabolic tracer experiments that use 13C nuclear magnetic resonance for detection and quantification of 13C-enriched glutamate products were simulated and analyzed. By evaluating the multiple model fits with both the conventional sum-of-squares residual error (SSRE) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the software helps the investigator understand the interaction between model complexity and goodness of fit. RESULTS When fitting alternative models of the TCA cycle metabolism, the SSRE may identify more than one model that fits the data well. Among those models, the AIC provides guidance as to which is the simplest of the candidate models is sufficient to describe the observed data. However under some conditions, AIC used alone inappropriately discriminates against necessary metabolic complexity. CONCLUSION In combination, the SSRE and AIC help the investigator identify the model that best describes the metabolism of a biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- NeuroSpectroScopics LLC, Sherman Oaks, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Hura Imaging Inc, Calabasas, CA, USA.
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX, USA
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18
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Tiwari V, Daoud EV, Hatanpaa KJ, Gao A, Zhang S, An Z, Ganji SK, Raisanen JM, Lewis CM, Askari P, Baxter J, Levy M, Dimitrov I, Thomas BP, Pinho MC, Madden CJ, Pan E, Patel TR, DeBerardinis RJ, Sherry AD, Mickey BE, Malloy CR, Maher EA, Choi C. Glycine by MR spectroscopy is an imaging biomarker of glioma aggressiveness. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1018-1029. [PMID: 32055850 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas likely remodel the metabolic machinery to meet the increased demands for amino acids and nucleotides during rapid cell proliferation. Glycine, a non-essential amino acid and intermediate of nucleotide biosynthesis, may increase with proliferation. Non-invasive measurement of glycine by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was evaluated as an imaging biomarker for assessment of tumor aggressiveness. METHODS We measured glycine, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), and other tumor-related metabolites in 35 glioma patients using an MRS sequence tailored for co-detection of glycine and 2HG in gadolinium-enhancing and non-enhancing tumor regions on 3T MRI. Glycine and 2HG concentrations as measured by MRS were correlated with tumor cell proliferation (MIB-1 labeling index), expression of mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2), and glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) enzymes, and patient overall survival. RESULTS Elevated glycine was strongly associated with presence of gadolinium enhancement, indicating more rapidly proliferative disease. Glycine concentration was positively correlated with MIB-1, and levels higher than 2.5 mM showed significant association with shorter patient survival, irrespective of isocitrate dehydrogenase status. Concentration of 2HG did not correlate with MIB-1 index. A high glycine/2HG concentration ratio, >2.5, was strongly associated with shorter survival (P < 0.0001). GLDC and SHMT2 expression were detectable in all tumors with glycine concentration, demonstrating an inverse correlation with GLDC. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that aggressive gliomas reprogram glycine-mediated one-carbon metabolism to meet the biosynthetic demands for rapid cell proliferation. MRS evaluation of glycine provides a non-invasive metabolic imaging biomarker that is predictive of tumor progression and clinical outcome. KEY POINTS 1. Glycine and 2-hydroxyglutarate in glioma patients are precisely co-detected using MRS at 3T.2. Tumors with elevated glycine proliferate and progress rapidly.3. A high glycine/2HG ratio is predictive of shortened patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Tiwari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elena V Daoud
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhongxu An
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sandeep K Ganji
- Philips Healthcare, Andover, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jack M Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cheryl M Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pegah Askari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeannie Baxter
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Binu P Thomas
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Marco C Pinho
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edward Pan
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Toral R Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bruce E Mickey
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Maher
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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19
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Lo ST, Parrott D, Jordan MVC, Joseph DB, Strand D, Lo UG, Lin H, Darehshouri A, Sherry AD. The Roles of ZnT1 and ZnT4 in Glucose-Stimulated Zinc Secretion in Prostate Epithelial Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:230-240. [PMID: 33140261 PMCID: PMC7914160 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated by MRI that high glucose stimulates efflux of zinc ions from the prostate. To our knowledge, this phenomena had not been reported previously and the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report some initial observations that provide new insights into zinc processing during glucose-stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS) in the immortalized human prostate epithelial cell line, PNT1A. Additionally, we identified the subtypes of zinc-containing cells in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue to further identify which cell types are likely responsible for zinc release in vivo. PROCEDURE An intracellular fluorescence marker, FluoZin-1-AM, was used to assess the different roles of ZnT1 and ZnT4 in zinc homeostasis in wild type (WT) and mRNA knockdown PNT1A cell lines. Additionally, Bafilomycin A1 (Baf) was used to disrupt lysosomes and assess the role of lysosomal storage during GSZS. ZIMIR, an extracellular zinc-responsive fluorescent marker, was used to assess dynamic zinc efflux of WT and ZnT1 mRNA knockdown cells exposed to high glucose. Electron microscopy was used to assess intracellular zinc storage in response to high glucose and evaluate how Bafilomycin A1 affects zinc trafficking. BPH cells were harvested from transurtheral prostatectomy tissue and stained with fluorescent zinc granule indicator (ZIGIR), an intracellular zinc-responsive fluorescent marker, before being sorted for cell types using flow cytometry. RESULTS Fluorescent studies demonstrate that ZnT1 is the major zinc efflux transporter in prostate epithelial cells and that loss of ZnT1 via mRNA knockdown combined with lysosomal storage disruption results in a nearly 4-fold increase in cytosolic zinc. Knockdown of ZnT1 dramatically reduces zinc efflux during GSZS. Electron microscopy (EM) reveals that glucose stimulation significantly increases lysosomal storage of zinc; disruption of lysosomes via Baf or ZnT4 mRNA knockdown increases multi-vesicular body (MVB) formation and cytosolic zinc levels. In human BPH tissue, only the luminal epithelial cells contained significant amounts of zinc storage granules. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of prostate epithelial cells to high glucose alters zinc homeostasis by inducing efflux of zinc ions via ZnT1 channels and increasing lysosomal storage via ZnT4. Given that prostate cancer cells undergo profound metabolic changes that result in reduced levels of total zinc, understanding the complex interplay between glucose exposure and zinc homeostasis in the prostate may provide new insights into the development of prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Tang Lo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 75390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA
| | - Daniel Parrott
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 75390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA
| | - M Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 75390-8568, USA
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Diya Binoy Joseph
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Douglas Strand
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9110, USA
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Anza Darehshouri
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9039, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NE 4.210, Dallas, TX, 75390-8568, USA.
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA.
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20
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Chirayil S, Jordan VC, Martins AF, Paranawithana N, Ratnakar SJ, Sherry AD. Manganese(II)-Based Responsive Contrast Agent Detects Glucose-Stimulated Zinc Secretion from the Mouse Pancreas and Prostate by MRI. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2168-2177. [PMID: 33507742 PMCID: PMC8112388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Mn(II)-based zinc-sensitive MRI contrast agent, MnPyC3A-BPEN, was prepared, characterized, and applied in imaging experiments to detect glucose-stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS) from the mouse pancreas and prostate in vivo. Thermodynamic and kinetic stability tests showed that MnPyC3A-BPEN has superior kinetic inertness compared to GdDTPA, is less susceptible to transmetalation in the presence of excess Zn2+ ions, and less susceptible to transchelation by albumin. In comparison with other gadolinium-based zinc sensors bearing a single zinc binding moiety, MnPyC3A-BPEN appears to be a reliable alternative for imaging β-cell function in the pancreas and glucose-stimulated zinc secretion from the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - André F Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Namini Paranawithana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - S James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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21
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Reed GD, Ma J, Park JM, Schulte RF, Harrison CE, Chen AP, Pena S, Baxter J, Derner K, Tai M, Raza J, Liticker J, Hall RG, Dean Sherry A, Zaha VG, Malloy CR. Characterization and compensation of f 0 inhomogeneity artifact in spiral hyperpolarized 13 C imaging of the human heart. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:157-166. [PMID: 33547689 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the role of regional f 0 inhomogeneity in spiral hyperpolarized 13 C image quality and to develop measures to alleviate these effects. METHODS Field map correction of hyperpolarized 13 C cardiac imaging using spiral readouts was evaluated in healthy subjects. Spiral readouts with differing duration (26 and 45 ms) but similar resolution were compared with respect to off-resonance performance and image quality. An f 0 map-based image correction based on the multifrequency interpolation (MFI) method was implemented and compared to correction using a global frequency shift alone. Estimation of an unknown frequency shift was performed by maximizing a sharpness objective based on the Sobel variance. The apparent full width half at maximum (FWHM) of the myocardial wall on [13 C]bicarbonate was used to estimate blur. RESULTS Mean myocardial wall FWHM measurements were unchanged with the short readout pre-correction (14.1 ± 2.9 mm) and post-MFI correction (14.1 ± 3.4 mm), but significantly decreased in the long waveform (20.6 ± 6.6 mm uncorrected, 17.7 ± 7.0 corrected, P = .007). Bicarbonate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the images acquired with the long waveform were increased by 1.4 ± 0.3 compared to those acquired with the short waveform (predicted 1.32). Improvement of image quality was observed for all metabolites with f 0 correction. CONCLUSIONS f 0 -map correction reduced blur and recovered signal from dropouts, particularly along the posterior myocardial wall. The low image SNR of [13 C]bicarbonate can be compensated with longer duration readouts but at the expense of increased f 0 artifacts, which can be partially corrected for with the proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junjie Ma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | - Crystal E Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Salvador Pena
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeannie Baxter
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Derner
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maida Tai
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jaffar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeff Liticker
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Astrazeneca, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ronald G Hall
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Vlad G Zaha
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
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22
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Chen S, Huang Z, Kidd H, Kim M, Suh EH, Xie S, Ghazvini Zadeh EH, Xu Y, Sherry AD, Scherer PE, Li WH. In Vivo ZIMIR Imaging of Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cells Shows Oscillatory Insulin Secretion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:613964. [PMID: 33767668 PMCID: PMC7985533 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.613964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate insulin secretion is essential for maintaining euglycemia, and impairment or loss of insulin release represents a causal event leading to diabetes. There have been extensive efforts of studying insulin secretion and its regulation using a variety of biological preparations, yet it remains challenging to monitor the dynamics of insulin secretion at the cellular level in the intact pancreas of living animals, where islet cells are supplied with physiological blood circulation and oxygenation, nerve innervation, and tissue support of surrounding exocrine cells. Herein we presented our pilot efforts of ZIMIR imaging in pancreatic islet cells in a living mouse. The imaging tracked insulin/Zn2+ release of individual islet β-cells in the intact pancreas with high spatiotemporal resolution, revealing a rhythmic secretion activity that appeared to be synchronized among islet β-cells. To facilitate probe delivery to islet cells, we also developed a chemogenetic approach by expressing the HaloTag protein on the cell surface. Finally, we demonstrated the application of a fluorescent granule zinc indicator, ZIGIR, as a selective and efficient islet cell marker in living animals through systemic delivery. We expect future optimization and integration of these approaches would enable longitudinal tracking of beta cell mass and function in vivo by optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuhwei Chen
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - ZhiJiang Huang
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Harrison Kidd
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Min Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shangkui Xie
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ebrahim H. Ghazvini Zadeh
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Wen-hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Wen-hong Li,
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23
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Clavijo Jordan V, Hines CDG, Gantert LT, Wang S, Conarello S, Preihs C, Chirayil S, Klimas M, Evelhoch JL, Sherry AD. Imaging Beta-Cell Function in the Pancreas of Non-Human Primates Using a Zinc-Sensitive MRI Contrast Agent. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:641722. [PMID: 34122330 PMCID: PMC8187943 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.641722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive beta cell function measurements may provide valuable information for improving diabetes diagnostics and disease management as the integrity and function of pancreatic beta cells have been found to be compromised in Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes. Currently, available diabetes assays either lack functional information or spatial identification of beta cells. In this work, we introduce a method to assess the function of beta cells in the non-human primate pancreas non-invasively with MRI using a Gd-based zinc(II) sensor as a contrast agent, Gd-CP027. Additionally, we highlight the role of zinc(II) ions in the paracrine signaling of the endocrine pancreas via serological measurements of insulin and c-peptide. Non-human primates underwent MRI exams with simultaneous blood sampling during a Graded Glucose Infusion (GGI) with Gd-CP027 or with a non-zinc(II) sensitive contrast agent, gadofosveset. Contrast enhancement of the pancreas resulting from co-release of zinc(II) ion with insulin was observed focally when using the zinc(II)-specific agent, Gd-CP027, whereas little enhancement was detected when using gadofosveset. The contrast enhancement detected by Gd-CP027 increased in parallel with an increased dose of infused glucose. Serological measurements of C-peptide and insulin indicate that Gd-CP027, a high affinity zinc(II) contrast agent, potentiates their secretion only as a function of glucose stimulation. Taken in concert, this assay offers the possibility of detecting beta cell function in vivo non-invasively with MRI and underscores the role of zinc(II) in endocrine glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Liza T. Gantert
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | - Shubing Wang
- Biometrics Research, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | | | - Christian Preihs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- VitalQuan, LLC, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael Klimas
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | | | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- VitalQuan, LLC, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: A. Dean Sherry,
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24
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Thapa B, Suh EH, Parrott D, Khalighinejad P, Sharma G, Chirayil S, Sherry AD. Imaging β-Cell Function Using a Zinc-Responsive MRI Contrast Agent May Identify First Responder Islets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:809867. [PMID: 35173681 PMCID: PMC8842654 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.809867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An imaging method for detecting β-cell function in real-time in the rodent pancreas could provide new insights into the biological mechanisms involving loss of β-cell function during development of type 2 diabetes and for testing of new drugs designed to modulate insulin secretion. In this study, we used a zinc-responsive MRI contrast agent and an optimized 2D MRI method to show that glucose stimulated insulin and zinc secretion can be detected as functionally active "hot spots" in the tail of the rat pancreas. A comparison of functional images with histological markers show that insulin and zinc secretion does not occur uniformly among all pancreatic islets but rather that some islets respond rapidly to an increase in glucose while others remain silent. Zinc and insulin secretion was shown to be altered in streptozotocin and exenatide treated rats thereby verifying that this simple MRI technique is responsive to changes in β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Thapa
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Parrott
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: A. Dean Sherry, ;
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25
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Ratnakar SJ, Chirayil S, Funk AM, Zhang S, Queiró JF, Geraldes CFGC, Kovacs Z, Sherry AD. A Frequency-Selective pH-Responsive paraCEST Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21671-21676. [PMID: 32726500 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) agents are well-suited for imaging tissue pH because the basis of CEST, chemical exchange, is inherently sensitive to pH. Several previous pH-sensitive paraCEST agents were based on an exchanging Ln3+ -bound water molecule as the CEST antenna but this design often added additional line-broadening to the bulk water signal due to T2 exchange. We report herein a pH-sensitive paraCEST agent that lacks an inner-sphere water molecule but contains one Ln-bound -OH group for CEST activation. The Yb3+ complex, Yb(1), displayed a single, highly shifted CEST peak originating from the exchangeable Yb-OH proton, the frequency of which changed over the biologically relevant pH range. CEST images of phantoms ranging in pH from 6 to 8 demonstrate the potential of this agent for imaging pH. Initial rodent imaging studies showed that Gd(1) remains in the vascular system much longer than anticipated but is cleared slowly via renal filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander M Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - João F Queiró
- CMUC, Department of Mathematics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences and Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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26
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Ratnakar SJ, Chirayil S, Funk AM, Zhang S, Queiró JF, Geraldes CFGC, Kovacs Z, Sherry AD. A Frequency‐Selective pH‐Responsive paraCEST Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Alexander M. Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - João F. Queiró
- CMUC, Department of Mathematics University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences and Coimbra Chemistry Center University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- CIBIT- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA
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27
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Khalighinejad P, Parrott D, Sherry AD. Imaging Tissue Physiology In Vivo by Use of Metal Ion-Responsive MRI Contrast Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E268. [PMID: 32987721 PMCID: PMC7598704 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramagnetic metal ion complexes, mostly based on gadolinium (Gd3+), have been used for over 30 years as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Gd3+-based contrast agents have a strong influence on T1 relaxation times and are consequently the most commonly used agents in both the clinical and research environments. Zinc is an essential element involved with over 3000 different cellular proteins, and disturbances in tissue levels of zinc have been linked to a wide range of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, prostate cancer, and diabetes mellitus. MR contrast agents that respond to the presence of Zn2+ in vivo offer the possibility of imaging changes in Zn2+ levels in real-time with the superior spatial resolution offered by MRI. Such responsive agents, often referred to as smart agents, are typically composed of a paramagnetic metal ion with a ligand encapsulating it and one or more chelating units that selectively bind with the analyte of interest. Translation of these agents into clinical radiology is the next goal. In this review, we discuss Gd3+-based MR contrast agents that respond to a change in local Zn2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Daniel Parrott
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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28
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Ren J, Malloy CR, Sherry AD. Quantitative measurement of redox state in human brain by 31 P MRS at 7T with spectral simplification and inclusion of multiple nucleotide sugar components in data analysis. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2338-2351. [PMID: 32385936 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a simplified method for quantitative measurement of NAD+ /NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides) levels in human brain by 31 P MRS without interference from the α-ATP signal and with inclusion of multiple UDP-sugar components. METHODS Simple pulse-acquire 31 P MR spectra were collected at 7T with and without a frequency-selective inversion pulse to remove the dominant α-ATP signal from the underlying NAD(H) signal. Careful inspection of the 31 P signal at -9.8 ppm previously assigned to UDP-glucose revealed multiple UDP-sugar components that must also be considered when deconvoluting the NAD(H) signal to quantify NAD+ and NADH. Finally, the overlapping NAD(H) and UDP(G) resonances were deconvoluted into individual components using Voigt lineshape analysis and UDP(G) modeling. RESULTS The inversion-based spectral editing method enabled clean separation of the NAD(H) signal from the otherwise dominant α-ATP signal. In addition, the upfield signal near -9.8 ppm appears more "quartet-like" than a simple doublet consistent with contributions from other nucleotide sugars such as UDP-galactose, UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine, and UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine in addition to UDP-glucose. Deconvolution of the combined NAD(H) and UDP(G) signals showed that the measured NAD+ /NAD ratio was heavily influenced by UDP(G) modeling (7.5 ± 1.8 when the UDP(G) signal was fitted as multiple doublets versus 5.3 ± 0.6 when a simplified pseudo doublet model was used). In a test/re-test experiments separated by 2 weeks, consistent NAD+ /NADH ratios were measured in the brain of seven human subjects. CONCLUSIONS The NAD+ /NADH ratio in human brain can be measured using 31 P MR spectra simplified by spectral editing and with inclusion of multiple UDP-sugar components in the data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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29
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Tircsó G, Tircsóné Benyó E, Garda Z, Singh J, Trokowski R, Brücher E, Sherry AD, Tóth É, Kovács Z. Comparison of the equilibrium, kinetic and water exchange properties of some metal ion-DOTA and DOTA-bis(amide) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 206:111042. [PMID: 32146160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1,7-diacetate-4,10-diacetamide substituted 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane structural unit is common to several responsive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). While some of these complexes (agents capable of sensing fluctuations in Zn2+, Ca2+ etc. ions) have already been tested in vivo, the detailed physico-chemical characterization of such ligands have not been fully studied. To fill this gap, we synthesized a representative member of this ligand family possessing two acetate and two n-butylacetamide pendant side-arms (DO2A2MnBu = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodoecane-1,7-di(acetic acid)-4,10-di(N-butylacetamide)), and studied its complexation properties with some essential metal and a few lanthanide(III) (Ln(III)) ions. Our studies revealed that the ligand basicity, the stability of metal ion complexes, the trend of stability constants along the Ln(III) series, the formation rates of the Ln(III) complexes and the exchange rate of the bound water molecule in the Gd(III) complex fell between those of Ln(DOTA)- and Ln(DOTA-tetra(amide))3+ complexes (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid, DOTAM = 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). The only exception is the stability of Cu(DO2A2MnBu) which was found to be only slightly lower than that of Cu(DOTA)2- (log KCuL = 19.85 vs. 21.98). This is likely reflects exclusive coordination of the negatively charged acetate donor atoms to the Cu2+ ion forming an octahedral complex with the amides remaining uncoordinated. The only anomaly observed during the study was the rates of acid assisted dissociation of the Ln(III) complexes, which occur at a rate similar to those observed for the Ln(DOTA)- complexes. These data indicate that even though the Ln(DO2A2MnBu)+ complexes have lower thermodynamic stabilities, their kinetic inertness should be sufficient for in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Tircsó
- University of Debrecen, Department of Physical Chemistry, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Tircsóné Benyó
- University of Debrecen, Department of Physical Chemistry, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Garda
- University of Debrecen, Department of Physical Chemistry, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Jaspal Singh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America
| | - Robert Trokowski
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, P.O. Box 830660, Richardson, TX 75083, United States of America
| | - Ernő Brücher
- University of Debrecen, Department of Physical Chemistry, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, P.O. Box 830660, Richardson, TX 75083, United States of America
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
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30
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Cardoso AC, Lam NT, Savla JJ, Nakada Y, Pereira AHM, Elnwasany A, Menendez-Montes I, Ensley EL, Petric UB, Sharma G, Sherry AD, Malloy CR, Khemtong C, Kinter MT, Tan WLW, Anene-Nzelu CG, Foo RSY, Nguyen NUN, Li S, Ahmed MS, Elhelaly WM, Abdisalaam S, Asaithamby A, Xing C, Kanchwala M, Vale G, Eckert KM, Mitsche MA, McDonald JG, Hill JA, Huang L, Shaul PW, Szweda LI, Sadek HA. Mitochondrial Substrate Utilization Regulates Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Progression. Nat Metab 2020; 2:167-178. [PMID: 32617517 PMCID: PMC7331943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal mammalian heart is capable of regeneration for a brief window of time after birth. However, this regenerative capacity is lost within the first week of life, which coincides with a postnatal shift from anaerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, particularly towards fatty-acid utilization. Despite the energy advantage of fatty-acid beta-oxidation, cardiac mitochondria produce elevated rates of reactive oxygen species when utilizing fatty acids, which is thought to play a role in cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest through induction of DNA damage and activation of DNA-damage response (DDR) pathway. Here we show that inhibiting fatty-acid utilization promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in the postnatatal heart. First, neonatal mice fed fatty-acid deficient milk showed prolongation of the postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferative window, however cell cycle arrest eventually ensued. Next, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) knockout mouse model to selectively enhance oxidation of glycolytically derived pyruvate in cardiomyocytes. Conditional PDK4 deletion resulted in an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and consequently an increase in glucose relative to fatty-acid oxidation. Loss of PDK4 also resulted in decreased cardiomyocyte size, decreased DNA damage and expression of DDR markers and an increase in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Following myocardial infarction, inducible deletion of PDK4 improved left ventricular function and decreased remodelling. Collectively, inhibition of fatty-acid utilization in cardiomyocytes promotes proliferation, and may be a viable target for cardiac regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson C. Cardoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center
for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas T. Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jainy J. Savla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yuji Nakada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ana Helena M. Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center
for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Emily L. Ensley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ursa Bezan Petric
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas in Dallas,
Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael T. Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical
Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wilson Lek Wen Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University
Health Systems, Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University
Health Systems, Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Sik-Yin Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University
Health Systems, Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, the First Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen
University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Mahmoud Salama Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Waleed M. Elhelaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Salim Abdisalaam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aroumougame Asaithamby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermontt Center for Human Growth and Development,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermontt Center for Human Growth and Development,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M. Eckert
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew A Mitsche
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Linzhang Huang
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of
Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,
USA
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of
Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,
USA
| | - Luke I. Szweda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hesham A. Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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31
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Lee MH, DeBerardinis RJ, Wen X, Corbin IR, Sherry AD, Malloy CR, Jin ES. Active pyruvate dehydrogenase and impaired gluconeogenesis in orthotopic hepatomas of rats. Metabolism 2019; 101:153993. [PMID: 31672442 PMCID: PMC6892165 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies targeting altered activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) have been proposed for hepatomas. However, the activities of these pathways in hepatomas in vivo have not been distinguished. Here we examined pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle through PDH versus PC in vivo using hepatoma-bearing rats. METHODS Hepatoma-bearing rats were generated by intrahepatic injection of H4IIE cells. Metabolism of 13C-labeled glycerol, a physiological substrate for both gluconeogenesis and energy production, was measured with 13C NMR analysis. The concentration of key metabolites and the expression of relevant enzymes were measured in hepatoma, surrounding liver, and normal liver. RESULTS In orthotopic hepatomas, pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle occurred exclusively through PDH and the excess PDH activity compared to normal liver was attributed to downregulated pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 2/4. However, pyruvate carboxylation via PC and gluconeogenesis were minimal, which was linked to downregulated forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) by Akt activity. In contrast to many studies of cancer metabolism, lactate production in hepatomas was not increased which corresponded to reduced expression of lactate dehydrogenase. The production of serine and glycine in hepatomas was enhanced, but glycine decarboxylase was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS The combination of [U-13C3]glycerol and NMR analysis enabled investigation of multiple biochemical processes in hepatomas and surrounding liver. We demonstrated active PDH and other related metabolic alterations in orthotopic hepatomas that differed substantially not only from the host organ but also from many earlier studies with cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Lee
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ian R Corbin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.
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32
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Jordan VC, Al-Ebraheem A, Geraki K, Dao E, Martins AF, Chirayil S, Farquharson M, Sherry AD. Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence Elemental Mapping in Healthy versus Malignant Prostate Tissues Provides New Insights into the Glucose-Stimulated Zinc Trafficking in the Prostate As Discovered by MRI. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13654-13660. [PMID: 31260276 PMCID: PMC9984199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic zinc content is a known biomarker for discriminating normal healthy tissue from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Given that zinc content is not readily measured without a tissue biopsy, we have been exploring noninvasive imaging methods to detect these diagnostic differences using a zinc-responsive MRI contrast agent. During imaging studies in mice, we observed that a bolus of glucose stimulates secretion of zinc from the prostate of fasted mice. This discovery allowed the use of a Gd-based zinc sensor to detect differential zinc secretion in regions of healthy versus malignant prostate tissue in a transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse model of PCa. Here, we used a zinc-responsive MRI agent to detect zinc release across the prostate during development of malignancy and confirm the loss of total tissue zinc by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (μSR-XRF). Quantitative μSR-XRF results show that the lateral lobe of the mouse prostate uniquely accumulates high concentrations of zinc, 1.06 ± 0.08 mM, and that the known loss of zinc content in the prostate is only observed in the lateral lobe during development of PCa. Additionally, we confirm that lesions identified by a loss of zinc secretion indeed represent malignant neoplasia and that the relative zinc concentration in the lesion is reduced to 0.370 ± 0.001 mM. The μSR-XRF data also provided insights into the mechanism of zinc secretion by showing that glucose promotes movement of zinc pools (∼1 mM) from the glandular lumen of the lateral lobe of the mouse prostate into the stromal/smooth muscle surrounding the glands. Co-localization of zinc and gadolinium in the stromal/smooth muscle areas as detected by μSR-XRF confirm that glucose initiates secretion of zinc from intracellular compartments into the extracellular spaces of the gland where it binds to the Gd-based agent and albumin promoting MR image enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States,Corresponding Author: Address: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital − Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129.
| | - Alia Al-Ebraheem
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Dao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Andre F. Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States,Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Michael Farquharson
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States,Vitalquan, LLC, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
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33
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Singh J, Suh EH, Sharma G, Khemtong C, Sherry AD, Kovacs Z. Probing carbohydrate metabolism using hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled molecules. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4018. [PMID: 30474153 PMCID: PMC6579721 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic process in all organisms. Anomalies in glucose metabolism are linked to various pathological conditions. In particular, elevated aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic feature of rapidly growing cells. Glycolysis and the closely related pentose phosphate pathway can be monitored in real time by hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled metabolic substrates such as 13 C-enriched, deuterated D-glucose derivatives, [2-13 C]-D-fructose, [2-13 C] dihydroxyacetone, [1-13 C]-D-glycerate, [1-13 C]-D-glucono-δ-lactone and [1-13 C] pyruvate in healthy and diseased tissues. Elevated glycolysis in tumors (the Warburg effect) was also successfully imaged using hyperpolarized [U-13 C6 , U-2 H7 ]-D-glucose, while the size of the preexisting lactate pool can be measured by 13 C MRS and/or MRI with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate. This review summarizes the application of various hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled metabolites to the real-time monitoring of glycolysis and related metabolic processes in normal and diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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34
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Sharma G, Chen W, Jiang W, Anderson AL, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Abstract 565: Response of the Ischemic Myocardium to Adrenergic Stimulation as Detected by Hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic imaging by nuclear methods is widely used to access ischemic myocardium but provide limited information about individual enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
13
C hyperpolarization methods are sensitive to flux in specific key enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. We tested the hypothesis that LDH flux is increased while PDH flux is abolished in low-flow ischemia. Metabolism of HP [1-
13
C]pyruvate was studied in four groups: (1) normal perfusion pressure (NPP), 100 cm H
2
O; (2) NPP with epinephrine; (3) low-perfusion pressure (LPP), 25 cm H
2
O; (4) LPP with epinephrine. Hearts excised from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused (37°C) at an initial pressure of 100 cm H
2
O using standard Langendorff method with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 0.75% bovine serum albumin, 0.4 mM non-labeled free fatty acid, 5.5 mM [U-
13
C]glucose, 1 mM [3-
13
C]pyruvate, 0.1 mM [3-
13
C]lactate. Perfusion pressure was reduced to 25 cm H
2
O after 30 min of perfusion for ischemia group and epinephrine added at 50
th
min of perfusion. HP [1-
13
C]pyruvate was injected to heart and subsequently,
13
C NMR spectra were acquired. The freeze clamped heart tissues were extracted with perchloric acid and analyzed by high-resolution
1
H and
13
C NMR (14.1 T). The
31
P NMR spectroscopy confirmed significant myocardial ischemia under LPP conditions, demonstrated by a marked increase in the [Pi]/[ATP] ratio. Surprisingly, increased LDH flux was observed in the ischemic hearts (+18.4%) while the metabolism of HP [1-
13
C]pyruvate by PDH remained unchanged as indicated by bicarbonate production. To investigate the oxidative capacity of mitochondria, epinephrine was used to stimulate hearts. As anticipated, epinephrine increased heart rate (+23%) and coronary flow (+11%) under NPP. Epinephrine increased heart rate (-60%) but did not alter coronary flow under LPP. We found that epinephrine had no effect on the rate of bicarbonate production under LPP. The study demonstrated that the conversion of pyruvate to lactate increased in ischemic hearts but the degree of pyruvate oxidation was not affected by the low-flow ischemia. Adrenergic stimulation did not increase PDH flux in these ischemic hearts. Translation to human is likely to provide new data from low-flow myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Chen
- UT Southwestern Med Cntr, Dallas, TX
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35
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Paranawithana NN, Martins AF, Clavijo Jordan V, Zhao P, Chirayil S, Meloni G, Sherry AD. A Responsive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent for Detection of Excess Copper(II) in the Liver In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11009-11018. [PMID: 31268706 PMCID: PMC9991518 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and properties of a new gadolinium-based copper-responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent is presented. The sensor (GdL1) has high selectivity for copper ions and exhibits a 43% increase in r1 relaxivity (20 MHz) upon binding to 1 equiv of Cu2+ in aqueous buffer. Interestingly, in the presence of physiological levels of human serum albumin (HSA), the r1 relaxivity is amplified further up to 270%. Additional spectroscopic and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies show that Cu2+ is coordinated by two carboxylic acid groups and the single amine group on an appended side chain of GdL1 and forms a ternary complex with HSA (GdL1-Cu2+-HSA). T1-weighted in vivo imaging demonstrates that GdL1 can detect basal, endogenous labile copper(II) ions in living mice. This offers a unique opportunity to explore the role of copper ions in the development and progression of neurological diseases such as Wilson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namini N Paranawithana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas , United States
| | - Andre F Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas , United States
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas , United States
| | - Piyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas , United States
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas , United States
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas , United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas , United States.,Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas , United States
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36
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Chen W, Sharma G, Jiang W, Maptue NR, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Metabolism of hyperpolarized 13 C-acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate detects real-time mitochondrial redox state and dysfunction in heart tissue. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4091. [PMID: 30968985 PMCID: PMC6525062 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be an important component of many metabolic diseases yet there is no reliable imaging biomarker for monitoring mitochondrial damage in vivo. A large prior literature on inter-conversion of β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate indicates that the process is mitochondrial and that the ratio reflects a specifically mitochondrial redox state. Therefore, the conversion of [1,3-13 C]acetoacetate to [1,3-13 C]β-hydroxybutyrate is expected to be sensitive to the abnormal redox state present in dysfunctional mitochondria. In this study, we examined the conversion of hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C-acetoacetate (AcAc) to 13 C-β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) as a potential imaging biomarker for mitochondrial redox and dysfunction in perfused rat hearts. Conversion of HP-AcAc to β-HB was investigated using 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts in four groups: control, global ischemic reperfusion, low-flow ischemic, and rotenone (mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor)-treated hearts. We observed that more β-HB was produced from AcAc in ischemic hearts and the hearts exposed to complex I inhibitor rotenone compared with controls, consistent with the accumulation of excess mitochondrial NADH. The increase in β-HB, as detected by 13 C MRS, was validated by a direct measure of tissue β-HB by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance in tissue extracts. The redox ratio, NAD+ /NADH, measured by enzyme assays of homogenized tissue, also paralleled production of β-HB from AcAc. Transmission electron microscopy of tissues provided direct evidence for abnormal mitochondrial structure in each ischemic tissue model. The results suggest that conversion of HP-AcAc to HP-β-HB detected by 13 C-MRS may serve as a useful diagnostic marker of mitochondrial redox and dysfunction in heart tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weina Jiang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nesmine R. Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Chalermchai Khemtong, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA. Phone: +1 (214) 645-2772;
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37
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Funk AM, Wen X, Hever T, Maptue NR, Khemtong C, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. Effects of deuteration on transamination and oxidation of hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate in the isolated heart. J Magn Reson 2019; 301:102-108. [PMID: 30861456 PMCID: PMC6666394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects of deuteration in pyruvate on exchange reactions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Although deuteration of a 13C enriched substrate is commonly used to increase the lifetime of a probe for hyperpolarization experiments, the potential impact of kinetic isotope effects on such substitutions has not been studied in detail. Metabolism of deuterated pyruvate was investigated in isolated rat hearts. Hearts were perfused with a 1:1 mixture of [U-13C3]pyruvate and [2-13C1]pyruvate or a 1:1 mixture of [U-13C3]pyruvate plus [2-13C1, U-2H3]pyruvate for 30 min before being freeze clamped. Another set of hearts received [2-13C1, U-2H3]pyruvate and was freeze-clamped at 3 min or 6 min. Tissue extracts were analyzed by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift isotope effect of 2H was monitored in the 13C NMR spectra of the C2 resonance of lactate and alanine plus the C5 of glutamate. There was little kinetic isotope effect of 2H in pyruvate on flux through PDH, LDH or ALT as detected by the distribution of 13C, but the distribution of 2H differed markedly between alanine and lactate. At steady-state, alanine was a mixture of deuterated species, while lactate was largely perdeuterated. Consistent with results at steady-state, hearts freeze-clamped at 3 min or 6 min showed rapid removal of deuterium in alanine but not in lactate. Metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C1]pyruvate was compared to [1-13C1,U-2H3]pyruvate in isolated hearts. Consistent with the results from tissue extracts, there was little effect of deuteration on the kinetics of appearance of lactate, alanine or bicarbonate, but there was a small, time-dependent upfield chemical shift in the HP[1-13C1]alanine signal reflecting exchange of methyl deuterons with water protons. Together, these results demonstrate that (1) the kinetics of pyruvate metabolism in hearts detected by 13C NMR are not affected by replacement of the pyruvate methyl protons with deuterons and (2) that the loss of deuterium from the methyl position occurs rapidly during the conversion of pyruvate to alanine. The majority of the deuterium atoms are lost on the time-scale of a hyperpolarization experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nesmine R Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A D Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX, United States.
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38
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Ren J, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. Modular 31 P wideband inversion transfer for integrative analysis of adenosine triphosphate metabolism, T 1 relaxation and molecular dynamics in skeletal muscle at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3440-3452. [PMID: 30793793 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For efficient and integrative analysis of de novo adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, creatine-kinase-mediated ATP synthesis, T1 relaxation time, and ATP molecular motion dynamics in human skeletal muscle at rest. METHODS Four inversion-transfer modules differing in center inversion frequency were combined to generate amplified magnetization transfer (MT) effects in targeted MT pathways, including Pi ↔ γ-ATP, PCr ↔ γ-ATP, and 31 Pγ(α)ATP ↔ 31 PβATP . MT effects from both forward and reverse exchange kinetic pathways were acquired to reduce potential bias and confounding factors in integrated data analysis. RESULTS Kinetic data collected using 4 wideband inversion modules (8 minutes each) yielded the forward exchange rate constants, kPCr →γ ATP = 0.31 ± 0.05 s-1 and kPi →γ ATP = 0.064 ± 0.012 s-1 , and the reverse exchange rate constants, kγATP→Pi = 0.034 ± 0.006 s-1 and kγATP→PCr = 1.37 ± 0.22 s-1 , respectively. The cross-relaxation rate constant, σγ(α) ↔ βATP was -0.20 ± 0.03 s-1 , corresponding to ATP rotational correlation time τc of 0.8 ± 0.1 × 10-7 seconds. The intrinsic T1 relaxation times were Pi (9.2 ± 1.4 seconds), PCr (6.2 ± 0.4 seconds), γ-ATP (1.8 ± 0.1 seconds), α-ATP (1.4 ± 0.1 seconds), and β-ATP (1.1 ± 0.1 seconds). Muscle ATP T1 values were found to be significantly longer than those previously measured in the brain using a similar method. CONCLUSION A combination of multiple inversion transfer modules provides a comprehensive and integrated analysis of ATP metabolism and molecular motion dynamics. This relatively fast technique could be potentially useful for studying metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
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39
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Caravan P, Luchinat C, Sherry AD. In Memoriam: Seymour H. Koenig (1927–2018). Magn Reson Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Caravan
- Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Dallas Dallas Texas
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40
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Alger JR, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. tcaSIM: A Simulation Program for Optimal Design of 13C Tracer Experiments for Analysis of Metabolic Flux by NMR and Mass Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 6:176-187. [PMID: 31745452 DOI: 10.2174/2213235x07666181219115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly sophisticated instrumentation for chemical separations and identification has facilitated rapid advancements in our understanding of the metabolome. Since many analyses are performed using either mass spectroscopy (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the spin ½ stable 13C isotope is now widely used as a metabolic tracer. There is strong interest in quantitative analysis of metabolic flux through pathways in vivo, particularly in human patients. Although instrumentation advances and scientific interests in metabolism are increasing in parallel, a practical and rational design of a 13C tracer study can be challenging. Prior to planning the details of a tracer experiment, is it important to consider whether the analytical results will be sensitive to flux through the pathways of interest. Here, we briefly summarize the various approaches that have been used to design carbon tracer experiments, outline the sources of complexity, and illustrate the use of a software tool, tcaSIM, to aid in the experimental design of both MS and NMR data in complex systems including patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,NeuroSpectroScopics LLC, Sherman Oaks, California
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Texas
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41
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Martins AF, Clavijo Jordan V, Bochner F, Chirayil S, Paranawithana N, Zhang S, Lo ST, Wen X, Zhao P, Neeman M, Sherry AD. Imaging Insulin Secretion from Mouse Pancreas by MRI Is Improved by Use of a Zinc-Responsive MRI Sensor with Lower Affinity for Zn 2+ Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17456-17464. [PMID: 30484648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that divalent zinc ions packaged with insulin in β-cell granules can be detected by MRI during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion using a gadolinium-based Zn2+-sensitive agent. This study was designed to evaluate whether a simpler agent design having single Zn2+-sensing moieties but with variable Zn2+ binding affinities might also detect insulin secretion from the pancreas. Using an implanted MR-compatible window designed to hold the pancreas in a fixed position for imaging, we now demonstrate that focally intense "hot spots" can be detected in the tail of the pancreas using these agents after administration of glucose to stimulate insulin secretion. Histological staining of the same tissue verified that the hot spots identified by imaging correspond to clusters of islets, perhaps reflecting first-responder islets that are most responsive to a sudden increase in glucose. A comparison of images obtained when using a high-affinity Zn2+ sensor versus a lower-affinity sensor showed that the lower-affinity sensors produced the best image contrast. An equilibrium model that considers all possible complexes formed between Zn2+, the GdL sensor, and HSA predicts that a GdL sensor with lower affinity for Zn2+ generates a lower background signal from endogenous Zn2+ prior to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and that the weaker binding affinity agent is more responsive to a further increase in Zn2+ concentration near β-cells after GSIS. These model predictions are consistent with the in vivo imaging observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States.,Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Namini Paranawithana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Su-Tang Lo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Piyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States.,Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
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Dharmarwardana M, Martins AF, Chen Z, Palacios PM, Nowak CM, Welch RP, Li S, Luzuriaga MA, Bleris L, Pierce BS, Sherry AD, Gassensmith JJ. Nitroxyl Modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Metal-Free High-Relaxivity MRI and EPR Active Superoxide Sensor. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2973-2983. [PMID: 29771534 PMCID: PMC6078806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide overproduction is known to occur in multiple disease states requiring critical care; yet, noninvasive detection of superoxide in deep tissue remains a challenge. Herein, we report a metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) active contrast agent prepared by "click conjugating" paramagnetic organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) to the surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). While ORCAs are known to be reduced in vivo to an MRI/EPR silent state, their oxidation is facilitated specifically by reactive oxygen species-in particular, superoxide-and are largely unaffected by peroxides and molecular oxygen. Unfortunately, single molecule ORCAs typically offer weak MRI contrast. In contrast, our data confirm that the macromolecular ORCA-TMV conjugates show marked enhancement for T1 contrast at low field (<3.0 T) and T2 contrast at high field (9.4 T). Additionally, we demonstrated that the unique topology of TMV allows for a "quenchless fluorescent" bimodal probe for concurrent fluorescence and MRI/EPR imaging, which was made possible by exploiting the unique inner and outer surface of the TMV nanoparticle. Finally, we show TMV-ORCAs do not respond to normal cellular respiration, minimizing the likelihood for background, yet still respond to enzymatically produced superoxide in complicated biological fluids like serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushani Dharmarwardana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - André F. Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Philip M. Palacios
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Chance M. Nowak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Raymond P. Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Michael A. Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Brad S. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Malloy
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and VA North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas (C.R.M.); and Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson (A.D.S.).
| | - A Dean Sherry
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and VA North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas (C.R.M.); and Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson (A.D.S.)
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44
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Lux J, Sherry AD. Advances in gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent designs for monitoring biological processes in vivo. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:121-130. [PMID: 29751253 PMCID: PMC6076858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gadolinium-based contrast agents widely used in diagnostic MRI exams for 30 years are all small molecule agents that distribute into all extracellular spaces in tissues without providing any specific biological information. Although many 'responsive agent' designs have been presented over the past 20 years or so, none have found use in clinical diagnostic medicine at this point. This review summarizes some recent approaches taken to enhance the sensitivity of such gadolinium-based agents, to target them to specific tissue components, and to create new systems for monitoring specific biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, United States.
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45
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Wu CY, Satapati S, Gui W, Wynn RM, Sharma G, Lou M, Qi X, Burgess SC, Malloy C, Khemtong C, Sherry AD, Chuang DT, Merritt ME. A novel inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase stimulates myocardial carbohydrate oxidation in diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9604-9613. [PMID: 29739849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a key control point of energy metabolism and is subject to regulation by multiple mechanisms, including posttranslational phosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Pharmacological modulation of PDC activity could provide a new treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy, as dysregulated substrate selection is concomitant with decreased heart function. Dichloroacetate (DCA), a classic PDK inhibitor, has been used to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the lack of specificity and side effects of DCA indicate a more specific inhibitor of PDK is needed. This study was designed to determine the effects of a novel and highly selective PDK inhibitor, 2((2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl) isoindoline-4,6-diol (designated PS10), on pyruvate oxidation in diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse hearts compared with DCA-treated hearts. Four groups of mice were studied: lean control, DIO, DIO + DCA, and DIO + PS10. Both DCA and PS10 improved glucose tolerance in the intact animal. Pyruvate metabolism was studied in perfused hearts supplied with physiological mixtures of long chain fatty acids, lactate, and pyruvate. Analysis was performed using conventional 1H and 13C isotopomer methods in combination with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in the same hearts. PS10 and DCA both stimulated flux through PDC as measured by the appearance of hyperpolarized [13C]bicarbonate. DCA but not PS10 increased hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate production. Total carbohydrate oxidation was reduced in DIO mouse hearts but increased by DCA and PS10, the latter doing so without increasing lactate production. The present results suggest that PS10 is a more suitable PDK inhibitor for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Wu
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Advanced Imaging Research Center
| | | | | | - R Max Wynn
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Mingliang Lou
- Chemistry Center, National Institute of Biological Science, Beijing 102206, China, and.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- Chemistry Center, National Institute of Biological Science, Beijing 102206, China, and.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Craig Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center.,Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - David T Chuang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, .,Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610,
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46
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Kikuchi K, Ishimatsu K, Zhang S, Dimitrov IE, Honda H, Sherry AD, Takahashi M. Presaturation Power Adjusted Pulsed CEST: A Method to Increase Independence of Target CEST Signals. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2018; 2018:3141789. [PMID: 29853805 PMCID: PMC5964408 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3141789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging has been demonstrated to discuss the concentration changes of amide proton, glutamate, creatine, or glucose measured at 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, and 1.0-1.2 ppm. However, these peaks in z-spectra are quite broad and overlap with each other, and thus, the independence of a CEST signal on any specific metabolite is still open to question. Here, we described whether there was interference among the CEST signals and how these CEST signals behave when the power of the presaturation pulse was changed. Based on these results, further experiments were designed to investigate a method to increase the independence of the CEST signal in both phantoms and animals. The result illustrates a clear interference among CEST signals. A presaturation power adjusted pulsed- (PPAP-) CEST method which was designed based on the exchange rates of the metabolites can be used to remove contributions from other exchanging species in the same sample. Further, the method was shown to improve the independence of the glutamate signal in vivo in the renal medulla in mice. The PPAP-CEST method has the potential to increase the independence of any target CEST signals in vivo by choosing the appropriate combination of pulse amplitudes and durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Kikuchi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Keisuke Ishimatsu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ivan E. Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Philips Healthcare, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hiroshi Honda
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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47
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Ren J, Shang T, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. Unveiling a hidden 31 P signal coresonating with extracellular inorganic phosphate by outer-volume-suppression and localized 31 P MRS in the human brain at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1289-1297. [PMID: 29427295 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was undertaken to demonstrate that there is more than 1 component in the extracellular Pi31 P signal ( Piex) acquired from human head using nonlocalized 31 P MRS. METHODS Outer-volume-suppression (OVS) saturation and 1D/2D 31 P CSI were utilized to reveal the presence of an additional component in the Piex signal. RESULTS 67% of the head extracellular Pi signal was attenuated upon OVS saturation of the peripheral meningeal tissues, likely reflecting elimination of the Pi signal in the meningeal fluids (the blood and CSF). Localized 1D/2D CSI data provided further support for this assignment. Upon correction for the meningeal contribution, the extracellular Pi concentration was 0.51 ± 0.07 mM, whereas the intracellular Pi was 0.85 ± 0.10 mM. The extracellular pH was measured as 7.32 ± 0.04 when using OVS, as compared to 7.39 ± 0.03 when measured without OVS (N = 7 subjects). CONCLUSION The extracellular Pi signal acquired from the human head using nonlocalized 31 P MRS contains a significant component likely contributed by peripheral blood and CSF in meninges that must be removed in order to use this signal as an endogenous probe for measuring extracellular pH and other properties in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ty Shang
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
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48
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Zhang L, Martins AF, Zhao P, Wu Y, Tircsó G, Sherry AD. Lanthanide-Based T 2ex and CEST Complexes Provide Insights into the Design of pH Sensitive MRI Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16626-16630. [PMID: 29024242 PMCID: PMC5879776 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The CEST and T1 /T2 relaxation properties of a series of Eu3+ and Dy3+ DOTA-tetraamide complexes with four appended primary amine groups are measured as a function of pH. The CEST signals in the Eu3+ complexes show a strong CEST signal after the pH was reduced from 8 to 5. The opposite trend was observed for the Dy3+ complexes where the r2ex of bulk water protons increased dramatically from ca. 1.5 mm-1 s-1 to 13 mm-1 s-1 between pH 5 and 9 while r1 remained unchanged. A fit of the CEST data (Eu3+ complexes) to Bloch theory and the T2ex data (Dy3+ complexes) to Swift-Connick theory provided the proton-exchange rates as a function of pH. These data showed that the four amine groups contribute significantly to proton-catalyzed exchange of the Ln3+ -bound water protons even though their pKa 's are much higher than the observed CEST or T2ex effects. This demonstrated the utility of using appended acidic/basic groups to catalyze prototropic exchange for imaging tissue pH by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - André F Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Piyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Yunkou Wu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetemtér 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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49
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Niedbalski P, Parish C, Wang Q, Hayati Z, Song L, Martins AF, Sherry AD, Lumata L. Transition Metal Doping Reveals Link between Electron T 1 Reduction and 13C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Efficiency. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9221-9228. [PMID: 29125294 PMCID: PMC5793213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimal efficiency of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is essential to provide the required high sensitivity enhancements for in vitro and in vivo hyperpolarized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI). At the nexus of the DNP process are the free electrons, which provide the high spin alignment that is transferred to the nuclear spins. Without changing DNP instrumental conditions, one way to improve 13C DNP efficiency is by adding trace amounts of paramagnetic additives such as lanthanide (e.g., Gd3+, Ho3+, Dy3+, Tb3+) complexes to the DNP sample, which has been observed to increase solid-state 13C DNP signals by 100-250%. Herein, we have investigated the effects of paramagnetic transition metal complex R-NOTA (R = Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+) doping on the efficiency of 13C DNP using trityl OX063 as the polarizing agent. Our DNP results at 3.35 T and 1.2 K show that doping the 13C sample with 3 mM Mn2+-NOTA led to a substantial improvement of the solid-state 13C DNP signal by a factor of nearly 3. However, the other transition metal complexes Cu2+-NOTA and Co2+-NOTA complexes, despite their paramagnetic nature, had essentially no impact on solid-state 13C DNP enhancement. W-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements reveal that the trityl OX063 electron T1 was significantly reduced in Mn2+-doped samples but not in Cu2+- and Co2+-doped DNP samples. This work demonstrates, for the first time, that not all paramagnetic additives are beneficial to DNP. In particular, our work provides a direct evidence that electron T1 reduction of the polarizing agent by a paramagnetic additive is an essential requirement for the improvement seen in solid-state 13C DNP signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Niedbalski
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Zahra Hayati
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - André F. Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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50
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Zhang L, Martins AF, Zhao P, Tieu M, Esteban-Gomez D, McCandless GT, Platas-Iglesias C, Sherry AD. Enantiomeric Recognition of d- and l-Lactate by CEST with the Aid of a Paramagnetic Shift Reagent. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17431-17437. [PMID: 29083166 PMCID: PMC5796655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A previous report demonstrated that EuDO3A could be used as an NMR shift reagent for imaging extracellular lactate produced by cancer cells using CEST imaging. In this work, a series of heptadentate macrocyclic YbDO3A-trisamide complexes with δ-chiral carbons in the three pendant side-arms were examined as shift reagents for lactate detection. High resolution 1H NMR spectra and DFT calculations provided evidence for the formation of stereoselective lactate·YbDO3A-trisamide complexes each with a different CEST signature. This stereoselectivity allowed discrimination of d- versus l-lactate by both high-resolution NMR and CEST. This work demonstrates that lanthanide-based paramagnetic shift reagents can be designed to detect important metabolites by CEST MRI selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - André F. Martins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Piyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael Tieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - David Esteban-Gomez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gregory T. McCandless
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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