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Chudal L, Santelli J, Lux J, Woodward A, Hafeez N, Endsley C, Garland S, Mattrey RF, de Gracia Lux C. In Vivo Ultrasound Imaging of Macrophages Using Acoustic Vaporization of Internalized Superheated Nanodroplets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:42413-42423. [PMID: 37650753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Activating patients' immune cells, either by reengineering them or treating them with bioactive molecules, has been a breakthrough in the field of immunotherapy and has revolutionized treatment, especially against cancer. As immune cells naturally home to tumors or injured tissues, labeling such cells holds promise for non-invasive tracking and biologic manipulation. Our study demonstrates that macrophages loaded with extremely low boiling point perfluorocarbon nanodroplets not only survive ultrasound-induced phase change but also maintain their phagocytic function. Unlike observations made when using higher boiling point perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, our results show that phase change occurs intracellularly at a low mechanical index using a clinical scanner operating within the energy limit set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). After nanodroplet-loaded macrophages were given intravenously to nude rats, they were invisible in the liver when imaged at a very low mechanical index using a clinical ultrasound scanner. They became visible when power was increased but still within the FDA limits up to 8 h after administration. The acoustic labeling and in vivo detection of macrophages using a clinical ultrasound scanner represent a paradigm shift in the field of cell tracking and pave the way for potential therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Chudal
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Julien Santelli
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Adam Woodward
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Nazia Hafeez
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Connor Endsley
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Shea Garland
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Li X, Khorsandi S, Wang Y, Santelli J, Huntoon K, Nguyen N, Yang M, Lee D, Lu Y, Gao R, Kim BYS, de Gracia Lux C, Mattrey RF, Jiang W, Lux J. Cancer immunotherapy based on image-guided STING activation by nucleotide nanocomplex-decorated ultrasound microbubbles. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:891-899. [PMID: 35637356 PMCID: PMC9378430 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytosolic innate immune sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is crucial for priming adaptive antitumour immunity through antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Natural agonists, such as cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), activate the cGAS-STING pathway, but their clinical translation is impeded by poor cytosolic entry and serum stability, low specificity and rapid tissue clearance. Here we developed an ultrasound (US)-guided cancer immunotherapy platform using nanocomplexes composed of 2'3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) electrostatically bound to biocompatible branched cationic biopolymers that are conjugated onto APC-targeting microbubbles (MBs). The nanocomplex-conjugated MBs engaged with APCs and efficiently delivered cGAMP into the cytosol via sonoporation, resulting in activation of cGAS-STING and downstream proinflammatory pathways that efficiently prime antigen-specific T cells. This bridging of innate and adaptive immunity inhibited tumour growth in both localized and metastatic murine cancer models. Our findings demonstrate that targeted local activation of STING in APCs under spatiotemporal US stimulation results in systemic antitumour immunity and improves the therapeutic efficacy of checkpoint blockade, thus paving the way towards novel image-guided strategies for targeted immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sina Khorsandi
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julien Santelli
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - DaeYong Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yifei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruoqi Gao
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jacques Lux
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Heble AY, Santelli J, Armstrong AM, Mattrey RF, Lux J. Catalase-Loaded Silica Nanoparticles Formulated via Direct Surface Modification as Potential Oxygen Generators for Hypoxia Relief. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5945-5954. [PMID: 33497181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are biological catalysts that have many potential industrial and biomedical applications. However, the widespread use of enzymes in the industry has been limited by their instability and poor recovery. In biomedical applications, systemic administration of enzymes has faced two main challenges: limited bioactivity mostly due to rapid degradation by proteases and immunogenic activity, since most enzymes are from nonhuman sources. Herein, we propose a robust enzyme-encapsulation strategy to mitigate these limitations. Catalase (CAT) was encapsulated in nanoporous silica nanoparticles (CAT-SiNPs) by first chemically modifying the enzyme surface with a silica precursor, followed by silica growth and finally poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugation. The formulation was carried out in mild aqueous conditions and yielded nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean diameter of 230 ± 10 nm and a concentration of 1.3 ± 0.8 × 1012 NPs/mL. CAT-SiNPs demonstrated high enzyme activity, optimal protection from proteolysis by proteinase K and trypsin, and excellent stability over time. In addition, a new electrochemical assay was developed to measure CAT activity in a rapid, simple, and accurate manner without interference from chromophore usually present in biological samples. Concentrations of 2.5 × 1010 to 80 × 1010 CAT-SiNPs/mL not only proved to be nontoxic in cell cultures using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay but also conferred cell protection when cells were exposed to 1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Finally, the ability of CAT-SiNPs to release oxygen (O2) when exposed to H2O2 was demonstrated in vivo using a rat model. Following the direct injection of CAT-SiNPs in the left kidney, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) increased by more than 30 mmHg compared to the contralateral control kidney during the systemic infusion of safe levels of H2O2. This pilot study highlights the potential of CAT-SiNPs to generate O2 to relieve hypoxia in tissues and potentially sensitize tumors against radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Y Heble
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Julien Santelli
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Amanda M Armstrong
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Abstract
Microbubbles (MBs) are optimal ultrasound contrast agents because their unique acoustic response allows for exquisite sensitivity in vivo. This unique response is derived from MBs' elasticity that allows them to oscillate differently from surrounding tissues. While the main use of MBs in the clinic is for cardiac and perfusion imaging, imparting MBs with bioresponsive properties would expand their use to detect pathophysiologic changes. This can be achieved by damping MBs' oscillations to silence their signal and rescuing it when they encounter the biomarker of interest to improve detection and specificity of diseases such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Here, we demonstrate that conjugating perfluorobutane-filled MBs with hyaluronic acid (HA) and cross-linking HA with biodegradable linkers eliminates harmonic signal because of increased MB stiffness and decreased oscillation. In this proof-of-concept study, we used a reversible pH-sensitive cross-linker to establish and validate this targeted and activatable pH-sensitive MB (pH-MB) platform. Conjugation of HA to MBs and targeting of pH-MBs to CD44-positive cells were validated. Harmonic signal loss due to stiffening of pH-MBs' shell was confirmed using a clinical ultrasound scanner equipped with Cadence contrast pulse sequencing. pH-MBs imaged before and after acidification increased harmonic signal fivefold. Because the cleavage of the cross-linker we used is reversible, harmonic signal was silenced again when the acidic suspension was neutralized, confirming that harmonic signal is dependent on the cross-linked HA. The rate of rise and the magnitude of harmonic signal increase could be manipulated by varying the phospholipid composition and the number of HA cross-linkers, indicating that the platform can be tuned to the desired response needed. In this study, we established the feasibility of using targeted and activatable MBs and plan to apply this platform to aid in the diagnosis and management of patients with DVT and potentially other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary W N Burns
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Brambila CJ, Lux J, Mattrey RF, Boyd D, Borden MA, de Gracia Lux C. Bubble Inflation Using Phase-Change Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets as a Strategy for Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy. Langmuir 2020; 36:2954-2965. [PMID: 32090572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change perfluorocarbon microdroplets were introduced over 2 decades ago to occlude downstream vessels in vivo. Interest in perfluorocarbon nanodroplets has recently increased to enable extravascular targeting, to rescue the weak ultrasound signal of perfluorocarbon droplets by converting them to microbubbles and to improve ultrasound-based therapy. Despite great scientific interest and advances, applications of phase-change perfluorocarbon agents have not reached clinical testing because of efficacy and safety concerns, some of which remain unexplained. Here, we report that the coexistence of perfluorocarbon droplets and microbubbles in blood, which is inevitable when droplets spontaneously or intentionally vaporize to form microbubbles, is a major contributor to the observed side effects. We develop the theory to explain why the coexistence of droplets and microbubbles results in microbubble inflation induced by perfluorocarbon transfer from droplets to adjacent microbubbles. We also present the experimental data showing up to 6 orders of magnitude microbubble volume expansion, which occludes a 200 μm tubing in the presence of perfluorocarbon nanodroplets. More importantly, we demonstrate that the rate of microbubble inflation and ultimate size can be controlled by manipulating formulation parameters to tailor the agent's design for the potential theranostic application while minimizing the risk to benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Brambila
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Dustin Boyd
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Mark A Borden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Vezeridis AM, de Gracia Lux C, Barnhill SA, Kim S, Wu Z, Jin S, Lux J, Gianneschi NC, Mattrey RF. Fluorous-phase iron oxide nanoparticles as enhancers of acoustic droplet vaporization of perfluorocarbons with supra-physiologic boiling point. J Control Release 2019; 302:54-62. [PMID: 30928487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon emulsion nanodroplets containing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) within their inner perfluorohexane (PFH) core were prepared to investigate potential use as an acoustically activatable ultrasound contrast agent, with the hypothesis that incorporation of IONPs into the fluorous phase of a liquid perfluorocarbon emulsion would potentiate acoustic vaporization. IONPs with an oleic acid (OA) hydrophobic coating were synthesized through chemical co-precipitation. To suspend IONP in PFH, OA was exchanged with perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) via ligand exchange to yield fluorophilic PFNA-coated IONPs (PFNA-IONPs). Suspensions with various amounts of PFNA-IONPs (0-15% w/v) in PFH were emulsified in saline by sonication, using 5% (w/v) egg yolk phospholipid as an emulsifier. PFNA-IONPs were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), transmission electron cryomicroscopy (cryoTEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). IONP were between 5 and 10 nm in diameter as measured by electron microscopy, and hydrodynamic size of the PFH nanodroplets were 150 to 230 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Acoustic droplet vaporization of PFH nanodroplets (PFH-NDs) was induced using conversion pulses (100 cycle at 1.1 MHz and 50% duty cycle) provided by a focused ultrasound transducer, and formed microbubbles were imaged using a clinical ultrasound scanner. The acoustic pressure threshold needed for PFH-NDs vaporization decreased with increasing temperature and IONP content. PFH-NDs containing 5% w/v IONP converted to microbubbles at 42 °C at 2.18 MI, which is just above the exposure limits of 1.9 MI allowed by the FDA for clinical ultrasound scanners, whereas 10 and 15% emulsion vaporized at 1.87 and 1.24 MI, respectively. Furthermore, 5% IONP-loaded PFH-NDs injected intravenously into melanoma-bearing mice at a dose of 120 mg PFH/kg, converted into detectable microbubbles in vivo 5 h, but not shortly after injection, indicating that this technique detects NDs accumulated in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Vezeridis
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sarah A Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sejung Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sungho Jin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Heyn T, Heuer M, Lux J, Steffen-Heins A, Schwarz K, Keppler J. Determination of critical process parameters for the onset of amyloid aggregation of whey protein beta-lactoglobulin. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Heyn
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Lebensmitteltechnologie; Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - M. Heuer
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Lebensmitteltechnologie; Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - J. Lux
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Lebensmitteltechnologie; Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - A. Steffen-Heins
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Lebensmitteltechnologie; Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - K. Schwarz
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Lebensmitteltechnologie; Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - J. K. Keppler
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Lebensmitteltechnologie; Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10 24118 Kiel Deutschland
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Lux J, Sherry AD. Advances in gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent designs for monitoring biological processes in vivo. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:121-130. [PMID: 29751253 PMCID: PMC6076858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gadolinium-based contrast agents widely used in diagnostic MRI exams for 30 years are all small molecule agents that distribute into all extracellular spaces in tissues without providing any specific biological information. Although many 'responsive agent' designs have been presented over the past 20 years or so, none have found use in clinical diagnostic medicine at this point. This review summarizes some recent approaches taken to enhance the sensitivity of such gadolinium-based agents, to target them to specific tissue components, and to create new systems for monitoring specific biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, United States.
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Lux J, Vezeridis AM, Hoyt K, Adams SR, Armstrong AM, Sirsi SR, Mattrey RF. Thrombin-Activatable Microbubbles as Potential Ultrasound Contrast Agents for the Detection of Acute Thrombosis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:37587-37596. [PMID: 28994575 PMCID: PMC5691601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in the deep veins of the body that can lead to fatal pulmonary embolism. Acute DVT is difficult to distinguish from chronic DVT by ultrasound (US), the imaging modality of choice, and is therefore treated aggressively with anticoagulants, which can lead to internal bleeding. Here we demonstrate that conjugating perfluorobutane-filled (PFB-filled) microbubbles (MBs) with thrombin-sensitive activatable cell-penetrating peptides (ACPPs) could lead to the development of contrast agents that detect acute thrombosis with US imaging. Successful conjugation of ACPP to PFB-filled MBs was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Fluorescein-labeled ACPP was used to evaluate the efficiency of thrombin-triggered cleavage by measuring the mean fluorescence intensity of ACPP-labeled MBs (ACPP-MBs) before and after incubation at 37 °C with thrombin. Lastly, control MBs and ACPP-MBs were infused through a tube containing a clot, and US contrast enhancement was measured with or without the presence of a thrombin inhibitor after washing the clot with saline. With thrombin activity, 91.7 ± 14.2% of the signal was retained after ACPP-MB infusion and washing, whereas only 16.7 ± 4% of the signal was retained when infusing ACPP-MBs in the presence of hirudin, a potent thrombin inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8514, United States
| | - Alexander M. Vezeridis
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8514, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Stephen R. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amanda M. Armstrong
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8514, United States
| | - Shashank R. Sirsi
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8514, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Robert F. Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8514, United States
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de Gracia Lux C, Vezeridis AM, Lux J, Armstrong AM, Sirsi SR, Hoyt K, Mattrey RF. Novel method for the formation of monodisperse superheated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets as activatable ultrasound contrast agents. RSC Adv 2017; 7:48561-48568. [PMID: 29430294 PMCID: PMC5801773 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08971f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbubble (MB) contrast agents have positively impacted the clinical ultrasound (US) community worldwide. Their use in molecular US imaging applications has been hindered by their limited distribution to the vascular space. Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) of nanoscale superheated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (NDs) demonstrates potential as an extravascular contrast agent that could facilitate US-based molecular theranostic applications. However these agents are metastable and difficult to manufacture with high yields. Here, we report a new formulation technique that yields reliable, narrowly dispersed sub-300 nm decafluorobutane (DFB) or octafluoropropane (OFP)-filled phospholipid-coated NDs that are stable at body temperature, using small volume microfluidization. Final droplet concentration was high for DFB and lower for OFP (>1012vs. >1010 NDs per mL). Superheated ND stability was quantified using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). DFB NDs were stable for at least 2 hours at body temperature (37 °C) without spontaneous vaporization. These NDs are activatable in vitro when exposed to diagnostic US pressures delivered by a clinical system to become visible microbubbles. The DFB NDs were suficiently stable to allow their processing into functionalized NDs with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibodies to target EpCAM positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Gracia Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - A M Vezeridis
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - J Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - A M Armstrong
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - S R Sirsi
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - K Hoyt
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - R F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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11
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Viger ML, Collet G, Lux J, Nguyen Huu VA, Guma M, Foucault-Collet A, Olejniczak J, Joshi-Barr S, Firestein GS, Almutairi A. Distinct ON/OFF fluorescence signals from dual-responsive activatable nanoprobes allows detection of inflammation with improved contrast. Biomaterials 2017; 133:119-131. [PMID: 28433935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of biochemical changes associated with disease is of great clinical significance, as it should allow earlier, more accurate diagnosis than structural imaging, facilitating timely clinical intervention. Herein, we report combining stimuli-responsive polymers and near-infrared fluorescent dyes (emission max: 790 nm) to create robust activatable fluorescent nanoprobes capable of simultaneously detecting acidosis and oxidative stress associated with inflammatory microenvironments. The spectrally-resolved mechanism of fluorescence activation allows removal of unwanted background signal (up to 20-fold reduction) and isolation of a pure activated signal, which enables sensitive and unambiguous localization of inflamed areas; target-to-background ratios reach 22 as early as 3 h post-injection. This new detection platform could have significant clinical impact in early detection of pathologies, individual tailoring of drug therapy, and image-guided tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu L Viger
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KACST - UCSD Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0600, USA
| | - Guillaume Collet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KACST - UCSD Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0600, USA
| | - Jacques Lux
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8896, USA
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA
| | - Alexandra Foucault-Collet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KACST - UCSD Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0600, USA
| | - Jason Olejniczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0332, USA
| | - Shivanjali Joshi-Barr
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KACST - UCSD Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0600, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KACST - UCSD Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0600, USA.
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12
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Binder S, Lux J, Bizjak G, Fehm T, Hepp P. Spontane Uterusruptur mit Hemihysterektomie in der 19. SSW bei Uterus bicornis. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Zhang ZN, Freitas BC, Qian H, Lux J, Acab A, Trujillo CA, Herai RH, Nguyen Huu VA, Wen JH, Joshi-Barr S, Karpiak JV, Engler AJ, Fu XD, Muotri AR, Almutairi A. Layered hydrogels accelerate iPSC-derived neuronal maturation and reveal migration defects caused by MeCP2 dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3185-90. [PMID: 26944080 PMCID: PMC4812712 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521255113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing a wide range of cellular phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders using patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) can be facilitated by 3D assays, as 2D systems cannot entirely recapitulate the arrangement of cells in the brain. Here, we developed a previously unidentified 3D migration and differentiation assay in layered hydrogels to examine how these processes are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Rett syndrome. Our soft 3D system mimics the brain environment and accelerates maturation of neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NPCs, yielding electrophysiologically active neurons within just 3 wk. Using this platform, we revealed a genotype-specific effect of methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2) dysfunction on iPSC-derived neuronal migration and maturation (reduced neurite outgrowth and fewer synapses) in 3D layered hydrogels. Thus, this 3D system expands the range of neural phenotypes that can be studied in vitro to include those influenced by physical and mechanical stimuli or requiring specific arrangements of multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Beatriz C Freitas
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Allan Acab
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jessica H Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shivanjali Joshi-Barr
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jerome V Karpiak
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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14
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Olejniczak J, Nguyen Huu VA, Lux J, Grossman M, He S, Almutairi A. Light-triggered chemical amplification to accelerate degradation and release from polymeric particles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16980-3. [PMID: 26445896 PMCID: PMC4819761 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a means of chemical amplification to accelerate triggered degradation of a polymer and particles composed thereof. We designed a light-degradable copolymer containing carboxylic acids masked by photolabile groups and ketals. Photolysis allows the unmasked acidic groups in the polymer backbone to accelerate ketal hydrolysis even at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Olejniczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Madeleine Grossman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sha He
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, USA. and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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15
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Stuhlmüller M, Schwarz-Finsterle J, Fey E, Lux J, Bach M, Cremer C, Hinderhofer K, Hausmann M, Hildenbrand G. In situ optical sequencing and structure analysis of a trinucleotide repeat genome region by localization microscopy after specific COMBO-FISH nano-probing. Nanoscale 2015; 7:17938-17946. [PMID: 26463479 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat expansions (like (CGG)n) of chromatin in the genome of cell nuclei can cause neurological disorders such as for example the Fragile-X syndrome. Until now the mechanisms are not clearly understood as to how these expansions develop during cell proliferation. Therefore in situ investigations of chromatin structures on the nanoscale are required to better understand supra-molecular mechanisms on the single cell level. By super-resolution localization microscopy (Spectral Position Determination Microscopy; SPDM) in combination with nano-probing using COMBO-FISH (COMBinatorial Oligonucleotide FISH), novel insights into the nano-architecture of the genome will become possible. The native spatial structure of trinucleotide repeat expansion genome regions was analysed and optical sequencing of repetitive units was performed within 3D-conserved nuclei using SPDM after COMBO-FISH. We analysed a (CGG)n-expansion region inside the 5' untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. The number of CGG repeats for a full mutation causing the Fragile-X syndrome was found and also verified by Southern blot. The FMR1 promotor region was similarly condensed like a centromeric region whereas the arrangement of the probes labelling the expansion region seemed to indicate a loop-like nano-structure. These results for the first time demonstrate that in situ chromatin structure measurements on the nanoscale are feasible. Due to further methodological progress it will become possible to estimate the state of trinucleotide repeat mutations in detail and to determine the associated chromatin strand structural changes on the single cell level. In general, the application of the described approach to any genome region will lead to new insights into genome nano-architecture and open new avenues for understanding mechanisms and their relevance in the development of heredity diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stuhlmüller
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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de Gracia Lux C, Lux J, Collet G, He S, Chan M, Olejniczak J, Foucault-Collet A, Almutairi A. Short Soluble Coumarin Crosslinkers for Light-Controlled Release of Cells and Proteins from Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3286-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Guillaume Collet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Sha He
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Minnie Chan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Jason Olejniczak
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Alexandra Foucault-Collet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
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17
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Chan M, Lux J, Nishimura T, Akiyoshi K, Almutairi A. Long-Lasting and Efficient Tumor Imaging Using a High Relaxivity Polysaccharide Nanogel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2964-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for
Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bionanotransporter Project, Katsura Int’tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for
Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bionanotransporter Project, Katsura Int’tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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18
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Huu VAN, Luo J, Zhu J, Zhu J, Patel S, Boone A, Mahmoud E, McFearin C, Olejniczak J, de Gracia Lux C, Lux J, Fomina N, Huynh M, Zhang K, Almutairi A. Light-responsive nanoparticle depot to control release of a small molecule angiogenesis inhibitor in the posterior segment of the eye. J Control Release 2015; 200:71-7. [PMID: 25571784 PMCID: PMC4384820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy require intravitreal injections every 4-8 weeks. Injections are uncomfortable, time-consuming, and carry risks of infection and retinal damage. However, drug delivery via noninvasive methods to the posterior segment of the eye has been a major challenge due to the eye's unique anatomy and physiology. Here we present a novel nanoparticle depot platform for on-demand drug delivery using a far ultraviolet (UV) light-degradable polymer, which allows noninvasively triggered drug release using brief, low-power light exposure. Nanoparticles stably retain encapsulated molecules in the vitreous, and can release cargo in response to UV exposure up to 30 weeks post-injection. Light-triggered release of nintedanib (BIBF 1120), a small molecule angiogenesis inhibitor, 10 weeks post-injection suppresses choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats. Light-sensitive nanoparticles are biocompatible and cause no adverse effects on the eye as assessed by electroretinograms (ERG), corneal and retinal tomography, and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jing Luo
- Shiley Eye Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jie Zhu
- Shiley Eye Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jing Zhu
- Shiley Eye Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Sherrina Patel
- Shiley Eye Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Alexander Boone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Enas Mahmoud
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Cathryn McFearin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jason Olejniczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Nadezda Fomina
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Michelle Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Kang Zhang
- Shiley Eye Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States; KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.
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19
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Lux J, White AG, Chan M, Anderson CJ, Almutairi A. Nanogels from metal-chelating crosslinkers as versatile platforms applied to copper-64 PET imaging of tumors and metastases. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:277-88. [PMID: 25553115 PMCID: PMC4279191 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are essential in medicine for both therapy and diagnosis. We recently created the first metal-chelating nanogel imaging agent, which employed versatile, reproducible chemistry that maximizes chelation stability. Here we demonstrate that our metal chelating crosslinked nanogel technology is a powerful platform by incorporating (64)Cu to obtain PET radiotracers. Polyacrylamide-based nanogels were crosslinked with three different polydentate ligands (DTPA, DOTA, NOTA). NOTA-based nanogels stably retained (64)Cu in mouse serum and accumulated in tumors in vivo as detected by PET/CT imaging. Measurement of radioactivity in major organs ex vivo confirmed this pattern, revealing a high accumulation (12.3% ID/g and 16.6% ID/g) in tumors at 24 and 48 h following administration, with lower accumulation in the liver (8.5% ID/g at 24 h) and spleen (5.5% ID/g). Nanogels accumulated even more efficiently in metastases (29.9% and 30.4% ID/g at 24 and 48 h). These metal-chelating nanogels hold great promise for future application as bimodal PET/MRI agents; chelation of β-emitting radionuclides could enable radiation therapy.
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White AG, Lux J, Chan M, Anderson CJ, Almutairi A. Polyacrylamide nanogel systems with 64Cu chelating cross-linkers for PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Viger ML, Sheng W, Doré K, Alhasan AH, Carling CJ, Lux J, de Gracia Lux C, Grossman M, Malinow R, Almutairi A. Near-infrared-induced heating of confined water in polymeric particles for efficient payload release. ACS Nano 2014; 8:4815-26. [PMID: 24717072 PMCID: PMC4046803 DOI: 10.1021/nn500702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered release from polymeric capsules could make a major impact on biological research by enabling remote and spatiotemporal control over the release of encapsulated cargo. The few existing mechanisms for NIR-triggered release have not been widely applied because they require custom synthesis of designer polymers, high-powered lasers to drive inefficient two-photon processes, and/or coencapsulation of bulky inorganic particles. In search of a simpler mechanism, we found that exposure to laser light resonant with the vibrational absorption of water (980 nm) in the NIR region can induce release of payloads encapsulated in particles made from inherently non-photo-responsive polymers. We hypothesize that confined water pockets present in hydrated polymer particles absorb electromagnetic energy and transfer it to the polymer matrix, inducing a thermal phase change. In this study, we show that this simple and highly universal strategy enables instantaneous and controlled release of payloads in aqueous environments as well as in living cells using both pulsed and continuous wavelength lasers without significant heating of the surrounding aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu L. Viger
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Wangzhong Sheng
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Kim Doré
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Ali H. Alhasan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Carl-Johan Carling
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Madeleine Grossman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Roberto Malinow
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and KACST−UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
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Lux J, Chan M, Elst LV, Schopf E, Mahmoud E, Laurent S, Almutairi A. Metal Chelating Crosslinkers Form Nanogels with High Chelation Stability. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:6359-6364. [PMID: 24505553 PMCID: PMC3910426 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a series of hydrogel nanoparticles (nanogels) incorporating either acyclic or cyclic metal chelates as crosslinkers. These crosslinkers are used to formulate polyacrylamide-based nanogels (diameter 50 to 85 nm) yielding contrast agents with enhanced relaxivities (up to 6-fold greater than Dotarem®), because this nanogel structure slows the chelator's tumbling frequency and allows fast water exchange. Importantly, these nanogels also stabilize Gd3+ within the chelator thermodynamically and kinetically against metal displacement through transmetallation, which should reduce toxicity associated with release of free Gd3+. This chelation stability suggests that the chelate crosslinker strategy may prove useful for other applications of metal-chelating nanoparticles in medicine, including other imaging modalities and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States
| | - Minnie Chan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.Address, Address, Town, Country
| | - Eric Schopf
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States
| | - Enas Mahmoud
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.Address, Address, Town, Country
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States
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Abstract
We present here the reversible, guest-controlled disproportionation of homomeric and hybrid capsules using photochemistry. The supramolecular containers are self-assembled from shallow and deep cavitand modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lux
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Busseron E, Lux J, Degardin M, Rebek J. Synthesis and recognition studies with a ditopic, photoswitchable deep cavitand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4842-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lux J, Peña EJ, Bolze F, Heinlein M, Nicoud JF. Malachite Green Derivatives for Two-Photon RNA Detection. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1206-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ayme JF, Lux J, Sauvage JP, Sour A. [2]Catenanes built around octahedral transition-metal complexes that contain two intertwined endocyclic but non-sterically hindering tridentate ligands. Chemistry 2012; 18:5565-73. [PMID: 22431359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sterically hindering bidentate chelates, such as 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, form entwined complexes with copper(I) and other tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal centres. To prepare octahedral complexes containing two entwined tridentate ligands and thus apply a strategy similar to that used for making catenanes with tetrahedral metal centres, the use of the classical terpy ligand (terpy=2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) appears to be attractive. In fact, 6,6''-diphenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (dp-terpy) is not appropriate due to strong "pinching" of the organic backbone by coordination to the metal and thus stable entwined complexes with this ligand cannot be obtained. Herein, we report the synthesis and coordination properties of a new family of tridentate ligands, the main features of which are their endocyclic nature and non-sterically hindering character. The coordinating fragment consists of two 8'-phenylisoquinolin-3'-yl groups attached at the 2 and 6 positions of a pyridine nucleus. Octahedral complexes containing two such entangled ligands around an octahedral metal centre, such as Fe(II) , Ru(II) or Co(III) , are highly stable, with no steric congestion around the metal. By using functionalised ligands bearing terminal olefins, double ring-closing metathesis leads to [2]catenanes in good yield with Fe(II) or Co(III) as the templating metal centre. The X-ray crystallography structures of the Fe(II) precursor and the Fe(II) catenane are also reported. These show that although significant pinching of the ligand is observed in both Fe(II) complexes, the system is very open and no steric constraints can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ayme
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Institut de Chimie, University de Strasbourg-CNRS/UMR, France
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27
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Lux
- b Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
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28
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Collin JP, Durola F, Lux J, Sauvage JP. A copper-based shuttling [2]rotaxane with two bidentate chelates in the axis: steric control of the motion. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Collin JP, Durola F, Lux J, Sauvage JP. A Rapidly Shuttling Copper-Complexed [2]Rotaxane with Three Different Chelating Groups in Its Axis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8532-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Collin JP, Durola F, Lux J, Sauvage JP. A Rapidly Shuttling Copper-Complexed [2]Rotaxane with Three Different Chelating Groups in Its Axis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fleisch MC, Lux J, Schoppe M, Grieshaber K, Hampl M. Placenta Percreta Leading to Spontaneous Complete Uterine Rupture in the Second Trimester. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2007; 65:81-3. [PMID: 17851255 DOI: 10.1159/000108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 30-year-old gravida 2 para 1 was admitted to hospital 2 years after cesarean section at 20 weeks' gestation with acute onset of abdominal pain and hypovolaemic shock. Emergency laparotomy revealed a uterine rupture located in the anterior uterine wall caused by a placenta percreta and supracervical hysterectomy was performed. This site of invasion and finally rupture was in projection of the previous lower-segment cesarean section. This report illustrates the dramatic consequences of abnormal placentation after prior uterine surgery, which can already occur early during pregnancy and prior to the onset of labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Fleisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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Toda W, Lux J, Van Loon JC. Determination of Aluminum in Solutions from Gel Filtration Chromatography of Human Serum by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718008055718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lux J. Working together to close the primary care gap. Mich Health Hosp 1994; 31:60-1. [PMID: 10145034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Lux
- Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, USA
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Murkin JM, Lux J, Shannon NA, Guiraudon GM, Menkis AH, McKenzie FN, Novick RJ. Aprotinin significantly decreases bleeding and transfusion requirements in patients receiving aspirin and undergoing cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107:554-61. [PMID: 7508071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart disease are frequently maintained on a regimen of aspirin because of its ability to decrease thrombotic complications and reduce the prevalence of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Aspirin-induced platelet acetylation also increases bleeding caused by impairment of platelet function during cardiac surgery. METHODS Between October 1990 and November 1991 this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group interventional study examined the efficacy of high-dose aprotinin administration (up to 7 million KIU) to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients receiving aspirin within 48 hours of undergoing coronary bypass or valvular heart operations. Primary outcome measures in this study were total volume of blood loss (intraoperative blood loss plus postoperative chest tube drainage) and volume of transfusion during hospitalization. RESULTS Patients treated with aprotinin (n = 29) had significantly lower total blood loss (1409 +/- 232 ml versus 2765 +/- 248 ml; p = 0.0002), intraoperative blood loss (503 +/- 53 ml versus 1055 +/- 199 ml; p = 0.0001), postoperative blood loss (906 +/- 204 ml versus 1710 +/- 202 ml; p = 0.0074), and prevalence of transfusion (59% versus 88% of patients; p = 0.016) than the placebo group (n = 25). The prevalence of complications including myocardial infarction was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS High-dose aprotinin significantly reduces blood loss and red blood cell transfusions in patients receiving aspirin who undergo cardiac operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Murkin
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Abstract
Repirinast, a novel ingested antiallergic asthma medication from Japan, was compared versus placebo on airway responsiveness to methacholine and was compared versus placebo and cromolyn on airway responses to allergen. In 14 patients with mild, stable, atopic asthma, we performed a double-blind, double-dummy, random-order trial with ingested repirinast 300 mg twice daily for 7 days, inhaled cromolyn 40 mg spincaps single dose, and double placebo on allergen-induced early (EAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic responses and increased airway responsiveness. In the 14 subjects, no difference occurred in methacholine PC20 after 6 days of repirinast or 6 days of placebo. In the 13 subjects who completed the allergen study, single-dose cromolyn significantly reduced the EAR by 63% and the LAR by 65% versus placebo (p < 0.02); repirinast was not significantly different from placebo, both the EAR and LAR being reduced by less than 10%. Allergen-induced increase in methacholine responsiveness was borderline (p = 0.052), and no significant drug effects occurred. In these models, a 1-week treatment period with repirinast, like other oral antiallergic asthma medications (e.g., ketotifen, fumarate), provides no protection against airway responses to methacholine or allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Hornef S, Lux J, Rassner G. [Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)--a suitable tumor marker in malignant melanoma?]. Hautarzt 1992; 43:77-80. [PMID: 1347764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level is elevated in neurons and in numerous cells of the APUD system; melanocytes are also considered to belong to this system. In order to test the relevance of NSE as a tumour marker for malignant melanoma, its concentration in serum was radioimmunologically determined in 89 patients with melanomas: 24 in stage I (primary tumours), 44 in stage II (regional metastases), and 21 in stage III (distant metastases). The average (+/- coefficient of variation) concentrations recorded were 7.4 micrograms/l (+/- 46%) in patients in stage I, 5.8 micrograms/l (+/- 32%) in those in stage II, and 11.0 micrograms/l (+/- 72%) in those in stage III. A threshold value of 11.5 micrograms/l was exceeded in 9 cases, including 8 patients in stage III. Since definitely increased values arose almost exclusively in distant metastases, determination of NSE levels in serum is hardly a suitable tool for early detection of latent metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hornef
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen
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Thiel HJ, Müller RG, Lux J, Fietkau R, Dunst J, Herbst M, Sauer R. [Individual collimators as an aid in improving the accuracy of positioning, the reproducibility of irradiation and the sparing of critical organs]. Strahlenther Onkol 1988; 164:734-45. [PMID: 3206352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the technical progress regarding radiotherapeutic facilities, the positioning and fixation of the patient and the reproduction of the daily irradiation geometry is still the critical point in planning and performance of radiotherapy treatments. Besides the use of irradiation masks, an improved adjustment precision and reproducibility as well as an individualization of the target volume is achieved above all by individual collimators. The use of individual absorbers offers a precise and fast adjustment of irradiation fields at the therapy unit, an optimum adaptation of the irradiation volumes to the anatomical features of the patient and the loco-regional tumor extent as well as a selective protection of radiosensitive structures. The historical method of field-shaping by standard absorbers should be abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Thiel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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