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Franke VL, Breitling J, Boyd PS, Feignier A, Bangert R, Weckesser N, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Paech D, Korzowski A. A versatile look-up algorithm for mapping pH values and magnesium ion content using 31 P MRSI. NMR Biomed 2024:e5113. [PMID: 38316107 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
31 P MRSI allows for the non-invasive mapping of pH and magnesium ion content (Mg) in vivo, by translating the chemical shifts of inorganic phosphate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) to pH and Mg via suitable calibration equations, such as the modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. However, the required constants in these calibration equations are typically only determined for physiological conditions, posing a particular challenge for their application to diseased tissue, where the biochemical conditions might change manyfold. In this article, we propose a multi-parametric look-up algorithm aiming at the condition-independent determination of pH and Mg by employing multiple quantifiable 31 P spectral properties simultaneously. To generate entries for an initial look-up table, measurements from 114 model solutions prepared with varying chemical properties were made at 9.4 T. The number of look-up table entries was increased by inter- and extrapolation using a multi-dimensional function developed based on the Hill equation. The assignment of biochemical parameters, that is, pH and Mg, is realized using probability distributions incorporating specific measurement uncertainties on the quantified spectral parameters, allowing for an estimation of most plausible output values. As proof of concept, we applied a version of the look-up algorithm employing only the chemical shifts of γ- and β-ATP for the determination of pH and Mg to in vivo 3D 31 P MRSI data acquired at 7 T from (i) the lower leg muscles of healthy volunteers and (ii) the brains of patients with glioblastoma. The resulting volumetric maps showed plausible values for pH and Mg, partly revealing differences from maps generated using the conventional calibration equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Franke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antoine Feignier
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Bangert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weckesser
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Rauch J, Laun FB, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Kuder TA. Compensation of concomitant field effects in double diffusion encoding by means of added oscillating gradients. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 105:133-141. [PMID: 37939973 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Maxwell or concomitant fields imprint additional phases on the transverse magnetization. This concomitant phase may cause severe image artifacts like signal voids or distort the quantitative parameters due to the induced intravoxel dephasing. In particular, double diffusion encoding (DDE) schemes with two pairs of bipolar diffusion-weighting gradients separated by a refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulse are prone to concomitant field-induced artifacts. In this work, a method for reducing concomitant field effects in these DDE sequences based on additional oscillating gradients is presented. These oscillating gradient pulses obtained by constrained optimization were added to the original gradient waveforms. The modified sequences reduced the accumulated concomitant phase without significant changes in the original sequence characteristics. The proposed method was applied to a DDE acquisition scheme consisting of 60 pairs of diffusion wave vectors. For phantom as well as for in vivo experiments, a considerable increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained. For phantom measurements with a diffusion weighting of b = 2000 s/mm2 for each of the gradient pairs, an SNR increase of up to 40% was observed for a transversal slice that had a distance of 5 cm from the isocenter. For equivalent slice parameters, in vivo measurements in the brain of a healthy volunteer exhibited an increase in SNR of up to 35% for b = 750 s/mm2 for each weighting. These findings are supported by corresponding simulations, which also predict a positive effect on the SNR. In summary, the presented method leads to an SNR gain without additional RF refocusing pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rauch
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max-Planck-Society, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik B Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tristan A Kuder
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Paech D, Weckesser N, Franke VL, Breitling J, Görke S, Deike-Hofmann K, Wick A, Scherer M, Unterberg A, Wick W, Bendszus M, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Korzowski A. Whole-Brain Intracellular pH Mapping of Gliomas Using High-Resolution 31P MR Spectroscopic Imaging at 7.0 T. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2024; 6:e220127. [PMID: 38133553 PMCID: PMC10825708 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors commonly exhibit a reversed pH gradient compared with normal tissue, with a more acidic extracellular pH and an alkaline intracellular pH (pHi). In this prospective study, pHi values in gliomas were quantified using high-resolution phosphorous 31 (31P) spectroscopic MRI at 7.0 T and were used to correlate pHi alterations with histopathologic findings. A total of 12 participants (mean age, 58 years ± 18 [SD]; seven male, five female) with histopathologically proven, newly diagnosed glioma were included between September 2018 and November 2019. The 31P spectroscopic MRI scans were acquired using a double-resonant 31P/1H phased-array head coil together with a three-dimensional (3D) 31P chemical shift imaging sequence (5.7-mL voxel volume) performed with a 7.0-T whole-body system. The 3D volumetric segmentations were performed for the whole-tumor volumes (WTVs); tumor subcompartments of necrosis, gadolinium enhancement, and nonenhancing T2 (NCE T2) hyperintensity; and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), and pHi values were compared. Spearman correlation was used to assess association between pHi and the proliferation index Ki-67. For all study participants, mean pHi values were higher in the WTV (7.057 ± 0.024) compared with NAWM (7.006 ± 0.012; P < .001). In eight participants with high-grade gliomas, pHi was increased in all tumor subcompartments (necrosis, 7.075 ± 0.033; gadolinium enhancement, 7.075 ± 0.024; NCE T2 hyperintensity, 7.043 ± 0.015) compared with NAWM (7.004 ± 0.014; all P < .01). The pHi values of WTV positively correlated with Ki-67 (R2 = 0.74, r = 0.78, P = .001). In conclusion, 31P spectroscopic MRI at 7.0 T enabled high-resolution quantification of pHi in gliomas, with pHi alteration associated with the Ki-67 proliferation index, and may aid in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Keywords: 31P MRSI, pH, Glioma, Glioblastoma, Ultra-High-Field MRI, Imaging Biomarker, 7 Tesla Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanessa L. Franke
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Görke
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katerina Deike-Hofmann
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Wick
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Scherer
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- From the Divisions of Radiology (D.P., N.W., K.D.H., H.P.S.) and
Medical Physics in Radiology (V.L.F., J.B., S.G., P.B., M.E.L., A.K.), German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany; Faculties of Medicine (N.W., M.E.L.) and Physics and Astronomy (V.L.F.,
P.B., M.E.L.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Departments of
Neurology (A.W., W.W.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.),
Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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von Knebel Doeberitz N, Kroh F, König L, Boyd PS, Graß S, Bauspieß C, Scherer M, Unterberg A, Bendszus M, Wick W, Bachert P, Debus J, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Goerke S, Korzowski A, Paech D. Post-Surgical Depositions of Blood Products Are No Major Confounder for the Diagnostic and Prognostic Performance of CEST MRI in Patients with Glioma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2348. [PMID: 37760790 PMCID: PMC10525358 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amide proton transfer (APT) and semi-solid magnetization transfer (ssMT) imaging can predict clinical outcomes in patients with glioma. However, the treatment of brain tumors is accompanied by the deposition of blood products within the tumor area in most cases. For this reason, the objective was to assess whether the diagnostic interpretation of the APT and ssMT is affected by methemoglobin (mHb) and hemosiderin (Hs) depositions at the first follow-up MRI 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy. A total of 34 participants underwent APT and ssMT imaging by applying reconstruction methods described by Zhou et al. (APTwasym), Goerke et al. (MTRRexAPT and MTRRexMT) and Mehrabian et al. (MTconst). Contrast-enhancing tumor (CE), whole tumor (WT), mHb and Hs were segmented on contrast-enhanced T1wCE, T2w-FLAIR, T1w and T2*w images. ROC-analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log rank test were used to test for the association of mean contrast values with therapy response and overall survival (OS) before (WT and CE) and after correcting tumor volumes for mHb and Hs (CEC and WTC). CEC showed higher associations of the MTRRexMT with therapy response (CE: AUC = 0.677, p = 0.081; CEC: AUC = 0.705, p = 0.044) and of the APTwasym with OS (CE: HR = 2.634, p = 0.040; CEC: HR = 2.240, p = 0.095). In contrast, WTC showed a lower association of the APTwasym with survival (WT: HR = 2.304, p = 0.0849; WTC: HR = 2.990, p = 0.020). Overall, a sophisticated correction for blood products did not substantially influence the clinical performance of APT and ssMT imaging in patients with glioma early after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Kroh
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip S. Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Graß
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cora Bauspieß
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Scherer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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5
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Kroh F, von Knebel Doeberitz N, Breitling J, Maksimovic S, König L, Adeberg S, Scherer M, Unterberg A, Bendszus M, Wick W, Bachert P, Debus J, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Korzowski A, Goerke S, Paech D. Semi-solid MT and APTw CEST-MRI predict clinical outcome of patients with glioma early after radiotherapy. Magn Reson Med 2023. [PMID: 37317562 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the potential of asymmetry-based (APTwasym ), Lorentzian-fit-based (PeakAreaAPT and MTconst ), and relaxation-compensated (MTRRex APT and MTRRex MT) CEST contrasts of the amide proton transfer (APT) and semi-solid magnetization transfer (ssMT) for early response assessment and prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with glioma. METHODS Seventy-two study participants underwent CEST-MRI at 3T from July 2018 to December 2021 in a prospective clinical trial four to 6 wk after the completion of radiotherapy for diffuse glioma. Tumor segmentations were performed on T2w -FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1w images. Therapy response assessment and determination of PFS were performed according to response assessment in neuro oncology (RANO) criteria using clinical follow-up data with a median observation time of 9.2 mo (range, 1.6-40.8) and compared to CEST MRI metrics. Statistical testing included receiver operating characteristic analyses, Mann-Whitney-U-test, Kaplan-Meier analyses, and logrank-test. RESULTS MTconst (AUC = 0.79, p < 0.01) showed a stronger association with RANO response assessment compared to PeakAreaAPT (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.02) and MTRRex MT (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.02), and enabled differentiation of participants with pseudoprogression (n = 8) from those with true progression (AUC = 0.79, p = 0.02). Furthermore, MTconst (HR = 3.04, p = 0.01), PeakAreaAPT (HR = 0.39, p = 0.03), and APTwasym (HR = 2.63, p = 0.02) were associated with PFS. MTRRex APT was not associated with any outcome. CONCLUSION MTconst , PeakAreaAPT, and APTwasym imaging predict clinical outcome by means of progression-free survival. Furthermore, MTconst enables differentiation of radiation-induced pseudoprogression from disease progression. Therefore, the assessed metrics may have synergistic potential for supporting clinical decision making during follow-up of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kroh
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Srdjan Maksimovic
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Unterberg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Knebel Doeberitz NV, Kroh F, Breitling J, König L, Maksimovic S, Graß S, Adeberg S, Scherer M, Unterberg A, Bendszus M, Wick W, Bachert P, Debus J, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Korzowski A, Goerke S, Paech D. CEST Imaging of the APT and ssMT predict the overall survival of patients with glioma at the first follow-up after completion of radiotherapy at 3T. Radiother Oncol 2023; 184:109694. [PMID: 37150450 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Outcome prediction of patients with glioma early after the completion of radiotherapy represents a major clinical challenge. Previously, the prognostic value of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging has been demonstrated in patients with newly diagnosed glioma. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of amide proton transfer (APT)-, relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE)- and semi-solid magnetization transfer (ssMT)-imaging according to Zhou et al. (APTwasym), Goerke et al. (MTRRexAPT, MTRRexNOE and MTRRexMT) and Mehrabian et al. (PeakAreaAPT, PeakAreaNOE and MTconst) for the prognostication of the overall survival (OS) of patients with glioma at the first follow-up after the completion of radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 49 of 72 participants with diffuse glioma, who underwent CEST MRI at 3T between July 2018 and December 2021 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy, were analyzed. Contrast-enhancing tumor (CE) and whole tumor (WT) volumes were segmented on T2w-FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1w images. Kaplan-Meier analysis and logrank-test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS APTw imaging demonstrated the strongest association with OS (HR=4.66, p<0.001). The MTconst (HR=2.54, p=0.044) was associated with the OS of participants with residual contrast-enhancing glioma tissue, whilst the MTRRexAPT (HR=2.44, p=0.056) showed a trend in this sub-cohort. The MTRRexNOE, MTRRexMT and PeakAreaNOE were not associated with survival. CONCLUSION Imaging of the APT and ssMT at the first follow-up 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy at 3T were associated with the overall survival of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Kroh
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Srdjan Maksimovic
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Graß
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Scherer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Breitling J, Korzowski A, Kempa N, Boyd PS, Paech D, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Goerke S. Motion correction for three-dimensional chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging without direct water saturation artifacts. NMR Biomed 2022; 35:e4720. [PMID: 35233847 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, motion correction is compromised by the drastically changing image contrast at different frequency offsets, particularly at the direct water saturation. In this study, a simple extension for conventional image registration algorithms is proposed, enabling robust and accurate motion correction of CEST-MRI data. The proposed method uses weighted averaging of motion parameters from a conventional rigid image registration to identify and mitigate erroneously misaligned images. Functionality of the proposed method was verified by ground truth datasets generated from 10 three-dimensional in vivo measurements at 3 T with simulated realistic random rigid motion patterns and noise. Performance was assessed using two different criteria: the maximum image misalignment as a measure for the robustness against direct water saturation artifacts, and the spectral error as a measure of the overall accuracy. For both criteria, the proposed method achieved the best scores compared with two motion-correction algorithms specifically developed to handle the varying contrasts in CEST-MRI. Compared with a straightforward linear interpolation of the motion parameters at frequency offsets close to the direct water saturation, the proposed method offers better performance in the absence of artifacts. The proposed method for motion correction in CEST-MRI allows identification and mitigation of direct water saturation artifacts that occur with conventional image registration algorithms. The resulting improved robustness and accuracy enable reliable motion correction, which is particularly crucial for an automated and carefree evaluation of spectral CEST-MRI data, e.g., for large patient cohorts or in clinical routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Neele Kempa
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Ludwig D, Laun FB, Klika KD, Rauch J, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Kuder TA. Diffusion pore imaging in the presence of extraporal water. J Magn Reson 2022; 339:107219. [PMID: 35533642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful, non-invasive tool which is widely used in clinical routine. Mostly, apparent diffusion coefficient maps are acquired, which cannot be related directly to cellular structure. More recently it was shown that DWI is able to reconstruct pore shapes using a specialized magnetic field gradient scheme so that cell size distributions may be obtained. So far, artificial systems have been used for experimental demonstration without extraporal signal components and relatively low gradient amplitudes. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of diffusion pore imaging in the presence of extraporal fluids and to develop correction methods for the effects arising from extraporal signal contributions. Monte Carlo simulations and validation experiments on a 14.1 T NMR spectrometer equipped with a dedicated diffusion probe head were performed. Both by using a filter gradient approach suppressing extraporal signal components as well as by using post-processing methods relying on the Gaussian phase approximation, it was possible to reconstruct pore space functions in the presence of extraporal fluids with little to no deviations from the expectations. These results may be a significant step towards application of diffusion pore imaging to biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Bernd Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Rauch
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Edward Ladd
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Loi L, Goerke S, Zimmermann F, Korzowski A, Meissner JE, Breitling J, Schott S, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Bickelhaupt S, Paech D. Assessing the influence of the menstrual cycle on APT CEST-MRI in the human breast. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 91:24-31. [PMID: 35550841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In fibroglandular breast tissue, conventional dynamic contrast-enhanced MR-mammography is known to be affected by water content changes during the menstrual cycle. Likewise, amide proton transfer (APT) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI might be inherently prone to the menstrual cycle, as CEST signals are indirectly detected via the water signal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the menstrual cycle on APT CEST-MRI in fibroglandular breast tissue. METHOD Ten healthy premenopausal women (19-34 years) were included in this IRB approved prospective study and examined twice during their menstrual cycle. Examination one and two were performed during the first half (day 2-8) and the second half (day 15-21) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. As a reference for the APT signal in malignant breast tumor tissue, previously reported data of nine breast cancer patients were included in this study. CEST-MRI (B1 = 0.7μT) was performed on a 7 T whole-body scanner followed by a multi-Lorentzian fit analysis. The APT signal was corrected for B0/B1-field inhomogeneities, fat signal contribution, and relaxation effects of the water signal and evaluated in the fibroglandular breast tissue. Intra-individual APT signal differences between examination one and two were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The APT signal showed no significant difference in the fibroglandular breast tissue of healthy premenopausal volunteers throughout the menstrual cycle (p = 1.00) (examination 1 vs. examination 2: mean and standard deviation = 3.24 ± 0.68%Hz vs. 3.30 ± 0.73%Hz, median and IQR = 3.36%Hz and 0.87%Hz vs. 3.38%Hz and 0.71%Hz). CONCLUSION The present study provides an important basis for the clinical application of APT CEST-MRI as an additional contrast mechanism in MR-mammography, as menstrual cycle-related APT signal fluctuations seem to be negligible compared to the APT signal increase in breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Loi
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schott
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Junior Group Medical Imaging and Radiology - Cancer Prevention, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Zhou J, Zaiss M, Knutsson L, Sun PZ, Ahn SS, Aime S, Bachert P, Blakeley JO, Cai K, Chappell MA, Chen M, Gochberg DF, Goerke S, Heo HY, Jiang S, Jin T, Kim SG, Laterra J, Paech D, Pagel MD, Park JE, Reddy R, Sakata A, Sartoretti-Schefer S, Sherry AD, Smith SA, Stanisz GJ, Sundgren PC, Togao O, Vandsburger M, Wen Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Zu Z, van Zijl PCM. Review and consensus recommendations on clinical APT-weighted imaging approaches at 3T: Application to brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:546-574. [PMID: 35452155 PMCID: PMC9321891 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MR imaging shows promise as a biomarker of brain tumor status. Currently used APTw MRI pulse sequences and protocols vary substantially among different institutes, and there are no agreed-on standards in the imaging community. Therefore, the results acquired from different research centers are difficult to compare, which hampers uniform clinical application and interpretation. This paper reviews current clinical APTw imaging approaches and provides a rationale for optimized APTw brain tumor imaging at 3 T, including specific recommendations for pulse sequences, acquisition protocols, and data processing methods. We expect that these consensus recommendations will become the first broadly accepted guidelines for APTw imaging of brain tumors on 3 T MRI systems from different vendors. This will allow more medical centers to use the same or comparable APTw MRI techniques for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling multi-center trials in larger patient cohorts and, ultimately, routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel F Gochberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advance Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akihiko Sakata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology/Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Franke VL, Breitling J, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Korzowski A. 31 P MRSI at 7 T enables high-resolution volumetric mapping of the intracellular magnesium ion content in human lower leg muscles. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:511-523. [PMID: 35381111 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The non-invasive determination of the free magnesium ion concentration ([Mg2+ free ]) using 31 P MRSI in vivo is of interest in research on various pathologies, e.g. diabetes. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential of 31 P MRSI at 7 T to enable volumetric, high-resolution mapping of [Mg2+ free ]. METHODS 3D 31 P MRSI datasets from the lower leg of three healthy volunteers were acquired at B0 = 7 T with a nominal spatial resolution of (8 × 8 × 16) mm3 in 56 min. Volumetric [Mg2+ free ] maps were calculated based on the quantified local chemical shift difference between the α- and β-resonance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) considering also local pH values. Mean [Mg2+ free ] values from three different muscle groups were compared. To demonstrate the potential of reducing the measurement time, the analysis was repeated on the acquired MRSI data retrospectively reconstructed with fewer averages. RESULTS The generated [Mg2+ free ] maps revealed local differences, and mean [Mg2+ free ] values of (1.08 ± 0.03) mM were found in the tibialis anterior, (0.91 ± 0.04) mM in the soleus and (0.98 ± 0.03) mM in the gastrocnemius medialis. The time-reduced 28-min scan resulted in comparable [Mg2+ free ] maps, and mean values being in agreement with the values from the 56-min scan. CONCLUSION 31 P MRSI at 7 T enables volumetric, high-resolution mapping of free magnesium ion content in human lower leg muscles. The measurement time of the 31 P MRSI acquisition can be reduced to 28 min, opening the potential to apply volumetric [Mg2+ free ] mapping for the investigation of pathologies with altered magnesium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Franke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Korzowski A, Weckesser N, Franke VL, Breitling J, Goerke S, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Paech D. Mapping an Extended Metabolic Profile of Gliomas Using High-Resolution 31P MRSI at 7T. Front Neurol 2022; 12:735071. [PMID: 35002914 PMCID: PMC8733158 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.735071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P MRSI) is of particular interest for investigations of patients with brain tumors as it enables to non-invasively assess altered energy and phospholipid metabolism in vivo. However, the limited sensitivity of 31P MRSI hampers its broader application at clinical field strengths. This study aimed to identify the additional value of 31P MRSI in patients with glioma at ultra-high B0 = 7T, where the increase in signal-to-noise ratio may foster its applicability for clinical research. High-quality, 3D 31P MRSI datasets with an effective voxel size of 5.7 ml were acquired from the brains of seven patients with newly diagnosed glioma. An optimized quantification model was implemented to reliably extract an extended metabolic profile, including low-concentrated metabolites such as extracellular inorganic phosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD(H)], and uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG), which may act as novel tumor markers; a background signal was extracted as well, which affected measures of phosphomonoesters beneficially. Application of this model to the MRSI datasets yielded high-resolution maps of 12 different 31P metabolites, showing clear metabolic differences between white matter (WM) and gray matter, and between healthy and tumor tissues. Moreover, differences between tumor compartments in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG), i.e., gadolinium contrast-enhancing/necrotic regions (C+N) and peritumoral edema, could also be suggested from these maps. In the group of patients with HGG, the most significant changes in metabolite intensities were observed in C+N compared to WM, i.e., for phosphocholine +340%, UDPG +54%, glycerophosphoethanolamine −45%, and adenosine-5′-triphosphate −29%. Furthermore, a prominent signal from mobile phospholipids appeared in C+N. In the group of patients with low-grade glioma, only the NAD(H) intensity changed significantly by −28% in the tumor compared to WM. Besides the potential of 31P MRSI at 7T to provide novel insights into the biochemistry of gliomas in vivo, the attainable spatial resolutions improve the interpretability of 31P metabolite intensities obtained from malignant tissues, particularly when only subtle differences compared to healthy tissues are expected. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrates that 31P MRSI at 7T has potential value for the clinical research of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Korzowski
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weckesser
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa L Franke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mark E Ladd
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Boyd PS, Breitling J, Korzowski A, Zaiss M, Franke VL, Mueller-Decker K, Glinka A, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Goerke S. Mapping intracellular pH in tumors using amide and guanidyl CEST-MRI at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:2436-2452. [PMID: 34958684 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In principle, non-invasive mapping of the intracellular pH (pHi ) in vivo is possible using endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI of the amide and guanidyl signals. However, the application for cancer imaging is still impeded, as current state-of-the-art approaches do not allow for simultaneous compensation of concomitant effects that vary within tumors. In this study, we present a novel method for absolute pHi mapping using endogenous CEST-MRI, which simultaneously compensates for concentration changes, superimposing CEST signals, magnetization transfer contrast, and spillover dilution. THEORY AND METHODS Compensation of the concomitant effects was achieved by a ratiometric approach (i.e. the ratio of one CEST signal at different B1 ) in combination with the relaxation-compensated inverse magnetization transfer ratio MTRRex and a separate first-order polynomial-Lorentzian fit of the amide and guanidyl signals at 9.4 T. Calibration of pH values was accomplished using in vivo-like model suspensions from porcine brain lysates. Applicability of the presented method in vivo was demonstrated in n = 19 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS In porcine brain lysates, measurement of pH was feasible over a broad range of physiologically relevant pH values of 6.2 to 8.0, while being independent of changes in concentration. A median pHi of approximately 7.2 was found in the lesions of 19 tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION The presented method enables non-invasive mapping of absolute pHi values in tumors using CEST-MRI, which was so far prevented by concomitant effects. Consequently, pre-clinical studies on pHi changes in tumors are possible allowing the assessment of pHi in vivo as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis or treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Division of Neuroradiology in Radiological Institute, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa L Franke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Mueller-Decker
- Core Facility Tumor Models (Center for Preclinical Research), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Glinka
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Emmerich J, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Straub S. On the separation of susceptibility sources in quantitative susceptibility mapping: Theory and phantom validation with an in vivo application to multiple sclerosis lesions of different age. J Magn Reson 2021; 330:107033. [PMID: 34303117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In biological tissue, phase contrast is determined by multiple substances such as iron, myelin or calcifications. Often, these substances occur co-located within the same measurement volume. However, quantitative susceptibility mapping can solely measure the average susceptibility per voxel. To provide new insight in disease progression and mechanisms in neurological diseases, where multiple processes such as demyelination and iron accumulation occur simultaneously in the same location, a separation of susceptibility sources is desirable to disentangle the underlying susceptibility proportions. METHODS The basic concept of separating the susceptibility effects from sources with different sign within one voxel is to include information on relaxation rate ΔR2∗ in the quantitative susceptibility mapping reconstruction pipeline. The presented reconstruction algorithm is implemented as a constrained minimization problem and solved using conjugate gradients. The algorithm is evaluated using a software phantom and validated in MRI measurements with a phantom containing mixtures of microscopic positive and negative susceptibility sources. Data from three multiple sclerosis patients are used to show in vivo feasibility. RESULTS In numerical simulations, the feasibility of disentangling susceptibility sources within the same voxel was confirmed provided the critera of the static dephasing regime were fulfilled. In phantom experiments, the magnitude decay kernel, which is an essential reconstruction parameter of the algorithm, was determined to be Dm=194.5T-1s-1ppm-1, and susceptibility sources could be separated in MRI measurement data. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in this study a detailed description of the implementation of an algorithm for the separation of positive and negative susceptibility sources within the same volume element as well as its limitations is presented and validated quantitatively in both simulation and phantom experiments for the first time. An application to multiple sclerosis lesions shows promising results for in vivo usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Emmerich
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Straub
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Emmerich J, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Straub S. A novel phantom with dia- and paramagnetic substructure for quantitative susceptibility mapping and relaxometry. Phys Med 2021; 88:278-284. [PMID: 34332237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A phantom is presented in this study that allows for an experimental evaluation of QSM reconstruction algorithms. The phantom contains susceptibility producing particles with dia- and paramagnetic properties embedded in an MRI visible medium and is suitable to assess the performance of algorithms that attempt to separate isotropic dia- and paramagnetic susceptibility at the sub-voxel level. METHODS The phantom was built from calcium carbonate (diamagnetic) and tungsten carbide particles (paramagnetic) embedded in gelatin and surrounded by agarose gel. Different mass fractions and mixing ratios of both susceptibility sources were used. Gradient echo data were acquired at 1.5 T, 3 T and 7 T. Susceptibility maps were calculated using the MEDI toolbox and relaxation rates ΔR2∗ were determined using exponential fitting. RESULTS Relaxation rates as well as susceptibility values generally coincide with the theoretical values for particles fulfilling the assumptions of the the static dephasing regime with stronger deviations for relaxation rates at higher field strength and for high susceptibility values. MRI raw data are available for free academic use as supplementary material. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a susceptibility phantom is presented that might find its application in the development and quantitative validation of current and future QSM reconstruction algorithms which aim to separate the influence of isotropic dia- and paramagnetic substructure in quantitative susceptibility mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Emmerich
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Straub
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Kratzer FJ, Flassbeck S, Schmitter S, Wilferth T, Magill AW, Knowles BR, Platt T, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. 3D sodium ( 23 Na) magnetic resonance fingerprinting for time-efficient relaxometric mapping. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2412-2425. [PMID: 34061397 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a framework for 3D sodium (23 Na) MR fingerprinting (MRF), based on irreducible spherical tensor operators with tailored flip angle (FA) pattern and time-efficient data acquisition for simultaneous quantification of T1 , T 2 l ∗ , T 2 s ∗ , and T 2 ∗ in addition to ΔB0 . METHODS 23 Na-MRF was implemented in a 3D sequence and irreducible spherical tensor operators were exploited in the simulations. Furthermore, the Cramér Rao lower bound was used to optimize the flip angle pattern. A combination of single and double echo readouts was implemented to increase the readout efficiency. A study was conducted to compare results in a multicompartment phantom acquired with MRF and reference methods. Finally, the relaxation times in the human brain were measured in four healthy volunteers. RESULTS Phantom experiments revealed a mean difference of 1.0% between relaxation times acquired with MRF and results determined with the reference methods. Simultaneous quantification of the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times in the human brain was possible within 32 min using 3D 23 Na-MRF with a nominal resolution of (5 mm)3 . In vivo measurements in four volunteers yielded average relaxation times of: T1,brain = (35.0 ± 3.2) ms, T 2 l , brain ∗ = (29.3 ± 3.8) ms and T 2 s , brain ∗ = (5.5 ± 1.3) ms in brain tissue, whereas T1,CSF = (61.9 ± 2.8) ms and T 2 , CSF ∗ = (46.3 ± 4.5) ms was found in cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSION The feasibility of in vivo 3D relaxometric sodium mapping within roughly ½ h is demonstrated using MRF in the human brain, moving sodium relaxometric mapping toward clinically relevant measurement times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian J Kratzer
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Flassbeck
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Wilferth
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arthur W Magill
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Knowles
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Ludwig D, Laun FB, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Kuder TA. Apparent exchange rate imaging: On its applicability and the connection to the real exchange rate. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:677-692. [PMID: 33749019 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Water exchange between the intracellular and extracellular space can be measured using apparent exchange rate (AXR) imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the measured AXR and the geometry of diffusion restrictions, membrane permeability, and the real exchange rate, as well as to explore the applicability of AXR for typical human measurement settings. METHODS The AXR measurements and the underlying exchange rates were simulated using the Monte Carlo method with different geometries, size distributions, packing densities, and a broad range of membrane permeabilities. Furthermore, the influence of SNR and sequence parameters was analyzed. RESULTS The estimated AXR values correspond to the simulated values and show the expected proportionality to membrane permeability, except for fast exchange (ie, AXR > 20 - 30 s - 1 ) and small packing densities. Moreover, it was found that the duration of the filter gradient must be shorter than 2 · AX R - 1 . In cell size and permeability distributions, AXR depends on the average surface-to-volume ratio, permeability, and the packing density. Finally, AXR can be reliably determined in the presence of orientation dispersion in axon-like structures with sufficient gradient sampling (ie, 30 gradient directions). CONCLUSION Currently used experimental settings for in vivo human measurements are well suited for determining AXR, with the exception of single-voxel analysis, due to limited SNR. The detection of changes in membrane permeability in diseased tissue is nonetheless challenging because of the AXR dependence on further factors, such as packing density and geometry, which cannot be disentangled without further knowledge of the underlying cell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Bernd Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark Edward Ladd
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Goerke S, Breitling J, Korzowski A, Paech D, Zaiss M, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P. Clinical routine acquisition protocol for 3D relaxation-compensated APT and rNOE CEST-MRI of the human brain at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:393-404. [PMID: 33586217 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The value of relaxation-compensated amide proton transfer (APT) and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI has already been demonstrated in various neuro-oncological clinical applications. Recently, we translated the approach from 7T to a clinically relevant magnetic field strength of 3T. However, the overall acquisition time was still too long for a broad application in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to establish a shorter acquisition protocol whilst maintaining the contrast behavior and reproducibility. METHODS Ten patients with glioblastoma were examined using the previous state-of-the-art acquisition protocol at 3T. The acquired spectral data were retrospectively reduced to find the minimal amount of required information that allows obtaining the same contrast behavior. To further reduce the acquisition time, also the image readout was accelerated and the pre-saturation parameters were further optimized. RESULTS In total, the overall acquisition time could be reduced from 19 min to under 7 min. One key finding was that, when evaluated by the relaxation-compensated inverse metric, a contrast correction for B1 -field inhomogeneities at 3T can also be achieved reliably with CEST data at only one B1 value. In contrast, a 1-point B1 -correction was not sufficient for the common linear difference evaluation. The reproducibility of the new clinical routine acquisition protocol was similar to the previous state-of-the-art protocol with limits of agreement below 20%. CONCLUSIONS The substantial reduction in acquisition time by about 64% now allows the application of 3D relaxation-compensated APT and rNOE CEST-MRI for examinations of the human brain at 3T in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Friedrich F, Hörner-Rieber J, Renkamp CK, Klüter S, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Knowles BR. Stability of conventional and machine learning-based tumor auto-segmentation techniques using undersampled dynamic radial bSSFP acquisitions on a 0.35 T hybrid MR-linac system. Med Phys 2021; 48:587-596. [PMID: 33319394 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hybrid MRI-linear accelerator systems (MR-linacs) allow for the incorporation of MR images with high soft-tissue contrast into the radiation therapy procedure prior to, during, or post irradiation. This allows not only for the optimization of the treatment planning, but also for real-time monitoring of the tumor position using cine MRI, from which intrafractional motion can be compensated. Fast imaging and accurate tumor tracking are crucial for effective compensation. This study investigates the application of cine MRI with a radial acquisition scheme on a low-field MR-linac to accelerate the acquisition rate and evaluates the effect on tracking accuracy. METHODS An MR sequence using tiny golden-angle radial k-space sampling was developed and applied to cine imaging on patients with liver tumors on a 0.35 T MR-linac. Tumor tracking was assessed for accuracy and stability from the cine images with increasing k-space undersampling factors. Tracking was achieved using two different auto-segmentation algorithms: a deformable image registration B-spline similar to that implemented on the MR-linac and a convolutional neural network approach known as U-Net. RESULTS Radial imaging allows for increased temporal resolution with reliable tumor tracking, although tracking robustness decreases as temporal resolution increases. Additional acquisition-based artifacts can be avoided by reducing the angle increment using tiny golden-angles. The U-net algorithm was found to have superior auto-segmentation metrics compared to B-spline. U-net was able to track two well-defined tumors, imaged with just 30 spokes per image (10.6 frames per second), with an average Dice coefficient ≥ 83%, Hausdorff distance ≤ 1.4 pixel, and mean contour distance ≤ 0.5 pixel. CONCLUSIONS Radial acquisitions are commonplace in dynamic imaging; however, in MR-guided radiotherapy, robust tumor tracking is also required. This study demonstrates the in vivo feasibility of tumor tracking from radially acquired images on a low-field MR-linac. Radial imaging allows for decreased image acquisition times while maintaining robust tracking. The U-net algorithm can track a tumor with higher accuracy in images with undersampling artifacts than a conventional deformable B-spline algorithm and is a promising tool for tracking in MR-guided radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Friedrich
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Juliane Hörner-Rieber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - C Katharina Renkamp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klüter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Knowles
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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20
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Polak D, Chatnuntawech I, Yoon J, Iyer SS, Milovic C, Lee J, Bachert P, Adalsteinsson E, Setsompop K, Bilgic B. Nonlinear dipole inversion (NDI) enables robust quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). NMR Biomed 2020; 33:e4271. [PMID: 32078756 PMCID: PMC7528217 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-quality Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) with Nonlinear Dipole Inversion (NDI) is developed with pre-determined regularization while matching the image quality of state-of-the-art reconstruction techniques and avoiding over-smoothing that these techniques often suffer from. NDI is flexible enough to allow for reconstruction from an arbitrary number of head orientations and outperforms COSMOS even when using as few as 1-direction data. This is made possible by a nonlinear forward-model that uses the magnitude as an effective prior, for which we derived a simple gradient descent update rule. We synergistically combine this physics-model with a Variational Network (VN) to leverage the power of deep learning in the VaNDI algorithm. This technique adopts the simple gradient descent rule from NDI and learns the network parameters during training, hence requires no additional parameter tuning. Further, we evaluate NDI at 7 T using highly accelerated Wave-CAIPI acquisitions at 0.5 mm isotropic resolution and demonstrate high-quality QSM from as few as 2-direction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Itthi Chatnuntawech
- National Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jaeyeon Yoon
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Siddharth Srinivasan Iyer
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Electronical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Milovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jongho Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Department of Electronical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Polak D, Cauley S, Bilgic B, Gong E, Bachert P, Adalsteinsson E, Setsompop K. Joint multi-contrast variational network reconstruction (jVN) with application to rapid 2D and 3D imaging. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1456-1469. [PMID: 32129529 PMCID: PMC7539238 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the image quality of highly accelerated multi-channel MRI data by learning a joint variational network that reconstructs multiple clinical contrasts jointly. METHODS Data from our multi-contrast acquisition were embedded into the variational network architecture where shared anatomical information is exchanged by mixing the input contrasts. Complementary k-space sampling across imaging contrasts and Bunch-Phase/Wave-Encoding were used for data acquisition to improve the reconstruction at high accelerations. At 3T, our joint variational network approach across T1w, T2w and T2-FLAIR-weighted brain scans was tested for retrospective under-sampling at R = 6 (2D) and R = 4 × 4 (3D) acceleration. Prospective acceleration was also performed for 3D data where the combined acquisition time for whole brain coverage at 1 mm isotropic resolution across three contrasts was less than 3 min. RESULTS Across all test datasets, our joint multi-contrast network better preserved fine anatomical details with reduced image-blurring when compared to the corresponding single-contrast reconstructions. Improvement in image quality was also obtained through complementary k-space sampling and Bunch-Phase/Wave-Encoding where the synergistic combination yielded the overall best performance as evidenced by exemplary slices and quantitative error metrics. CONCLUSION By leveraging shared anatomical structures across the jointly reconstructed scans, our joint multi-contrast approach learnt more efficient regularizers, which helped to retain natural image appearance and avoid over-smoothing. When synergistically combined with advanced encoding techniques, the performance was further improved, enabling up to R = 16-fold acceleration with good image quality. This should help pave the way to very rapid high-resolution brain exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Cauley
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Kleimaier D, Goerke S, Nies C, Zaiss M, Kunz P, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Gottwald E, Schad LR. The cellular heat shock response monitored by chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11118. [PMID: 32632120 PMCID: PMC7338423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CEST-MRI of the rNOE signal has been demonstrated in vitro to be closely linked to the protein conformational state. As the detectability of denaturation and aggregation processes on a physiologically relevant scale in living organisms has yet to be verified, the aim of this study was to perform heat-shock experiments with living cells to monitor the cellular heat-shock response of the rNOE CEST signal. Cancer cells (HepG2) were dynamically investigated after a mild, non-lethal heat-shock of 42 °C for 20 min using an MR-compatible bioreactor system at 9.4 T. Reliable and fast high-resolution CEST imaging was realized by a relaxation-compensated 2-point contrast metric. After the heat-shock, a substantial decrease of the rNOE CEST signal by 8.0 ± 0.4% followed by a steady signal recovery within a time of 99.1 ± 1.3 min was observed in two independent trials. This continuous signal recovery is in coherence with chaperone-induced refolding of heat-shock induced protein aggregates. We demonstrated that protein denaturation processes influence the CEST-MRI signal on a physiologically relevant scale. Thus, the protein folding state is, along with concentration changes, a relevant physiological parameter for the interpretation of CEST signal changes in diseases that are associated with pathological changes in protein expression, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kleimaier
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cordula Nies
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Kunz
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Gottwald
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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23
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Loi L, Zimmermann F, Goerke S, Korzowski A, Meissner JE, Deike-Hofmann K, Stieber A, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Bickelhaupt S, Schott S, Paech D. Relaxation-compensated CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) imaging in breast cancer diagnostics at 7T. Eur J Radiol 2020; 129:109068. [PMID: 32574936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether fat-corrected and relaxation-compensated amide proton transfer (APT) and guanidyl CEST-MRI enables the detection of signal intensity differences between breast tumors and normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue in patients with newly-diagnosed breast cancer. METHOD Ten patients with newly-diagnosed breast cancer and seven healthy volunteers were included in this prospective IRB-approved study. CEST-MRI was performed on a 7 T-whole-body scanner followed by a multi-Lorentzian fit analysis. APT and guanidyl CEST signal intensities were quantified in the tumor and in healthy fibroglandular tissue after correction of B0/B1-field inhomogeneities, fat signal contribution, T1- and T2-relaxation; signal intensity differences of APT and guanidyl resonances were compared using Mann-Whitney-U-tests. Pearson correlations between tumor CEST signal intensities and the proliferation index Ki-67 were performed. RESULTS APT CEST signal in tumor tissue (6.70 ± 1.38%Hz) was increased compared to normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue of patients (3.56 ± 0.54%Hz, p = 0.001) and healthy volunteers (3.70 ± 0.68%Hz, p = 0.001). Further, a moderate positive correlation was found between the APT signal and the proliferation index Ki-67 (R2 = 0.367, r = 0.606, p = 0.11). Guanidyl CEST signal was also increased in tumor tissue (5.24 ± 1.85%Hz) compared to patients' (2.42 ± 0.45%Hz, p = 0.006) and volunteers' (2.36 ± 0.54%Hz, p < 0.001) normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue and a positive correlation with the Ki-67 level was observed (R2 = 0.365, r = 0.604, p = 0.11). APT and guanidyl CEST signal in normal-appearing fibroglandular tissue was not different between patients and healthy volunteers (p = 0.88; p = 0.93). CONCLUSION Relaxation-compensated and fat-corrected CEST-MRI allowed a non-invasive differentiation of breast cancer and normal-appearing breast tissue. Thus, this approach represents a contrast agent-free method that may help to increase diagnostic accuracy in MR-mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Loi
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Katerina Deike-Hofmann
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Stieber
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mark Edward Ladd
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- Junior Group Medical Imaging and Radiology - Cancer Prevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Breitling J, Meissner JE, Zaiss M, Paech D, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Goerke S. Optimized dualCEST-MRI for imaging of endogenous bulk mobile proteins in the human brain. NMR Biomed 2020; 33:e4262. [PMID: 32079047 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dual-frequency irradiation chemical exchange saturation transfer (dualCEST) allows imaging of endogenous bulk mobile proteins by selectively measuring the intramolecular spin diffusion. The resulting specificity to changes in the concentration, molecular size, and folding state of mobile proteins is of particular interest as a marker for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Until now, application of dualCEST in clinical trials was prevented by the inherently small signal-to-noise ratio and the resulting comparatively long examination time. In this study, we present an optimized acquisition protocol allowing 3D dualCEST-MRI examinations in a clinically relevant time frame. The optimization comprised the extension of the image readout to 3D, allowing a retrospective co-registration and application of denoising strategies. In addition, cosine-modulated dual-frequency presaturation pulses were implemented with a weighted acquisition scheme of the necessary frequency offsets. The optimization resulted in a signal-to-noise ratio gain by a factor of approximately 8. In particular, the application of denoising and the motion correction were the most crucial improvement steps. In vitro experiments verified the preservation of specificity of the dualCEST signal to proteins. Good-to-excellent intra-session and good inter-session repeatability was achieved, allowing reliable detection of relative signal differences of about 16% or higher. Applicability in a clinical setting was demonstrated by examining a patient with glioblastoma. The optimized acquisition protocol for dualCEST-MRI at 3 T enables selective imaging of endogenous bulk mobile proteins under clinically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Korzowski A, Weinfurtner N, Mueller S, Breitling J, Goerke S, Schlemmer H, Ladd ME, Paech D, Bachert P. Volumetric mapping of intra‐ and extracellular pH in the human brain using
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P MRSI at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1707-1723. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nina Weinfurtner
- Division of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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26
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Boyd PS, Breitling J, Zimmermann F, Korzowski A, Zaiss M, Schuenke P, Weinfurtner N, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Paech D, Goerke S. Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI in the human brain at 7 T with reduced motion-induced artifacts based on quantitative R 1ρ mapping. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:182-191. [PMID: 31788870 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE)-MRI based on chemical exchange-sensitive MRI, that is, glucoCEST and gluco-chemical exchange-sensitive spin-lock (glucoCESL), is intrinsically prone to motion-induced artifacts because the final DGE contrast relies on the difference of images, which were acquired with a time gap of several mins. In this study, identification of different types of motion-induced artifacts led to the development of a 3D acquisition protocol for DGE examinations in the human brain at 7 T with improved robustness in the presence of subject motion. METHODS DGE-MRI was realized by the chemical exchange-sensitive spin-lock approach based either on relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R1ρ )-weighted or quantitative R1ρ imaging. A 3D image readout was implemented at 7 T, enabling retrospective volumetric coregistration of the image series and quantification of subject motion. An examination of a healthy volunteer without administration of glucose allowed for the identification of isolated motion-induced artifacts. RESULTS Even after coregistration, significant motion-induced artifacts remained in the DGE contrast based on R1ρ -weighted images. This is due to the spatially varying sensitivity of the coil and was found to be compensated by a quantitative R1ρ approach. The coregistered quantitative approach allowed the observation of a clear increase of the DGE contrast in a patient with glioblastoma, which did not correlate with subject motion. CONCLUSION The presented 3D acquisition protocol enables DGE-MRI examinations in the human brain with improved robustness against motion-induced artifacts. Correction of motion-induced artifacts is of high importance for DGE-MRI in clinical studies where an unambiguous assignment of contrast changes due to an actual change in local glucose concentration is a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weinfurtner
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Demberg K, Laun FB, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Kuder TA. Stimulated echo double diffusion encoded imaging of closed pores: Influence and removal of unbalanced terms. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042408. [PMID: 31770958 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion pore imaging has been proposed to study the shape of arbitrary closed pores filled with an NMR-detectable medium by use of nonclassical diffusion encoding schemes. Potential applications can be found in biomedical imaging and porous media research. When studying non-point-symmetric pores, NMR signals with nonvanishing imaginary parts arise containing the pore shape information, which is lost for classical diffusion encoding schemes. Key limitations are the required high magnetic field gradient amplitudes and T2 relaxation while approaching the diffusion long-time limit. To benefit from the slower T1 decay, we demonstrate the feasibility of diffusion pore imaging with stimulated echoes using Monte Carlo simulations and experiments with hyperpolarized xenon-129 gas in well-defined geometries and show that the necessary complex-valued signals can be acquired. Analytical derivation of the stimulated echo double diffusion encoded signal was performed to investigate the effect of the additionally arising undesired terms on the complex phase information. These terms correspond to signals arising for spin-echo sequences with unbalanced gradients. For most possible applications, the unbalanced terms can be neglected. If non-negligible, selection of the appropriate signal component using a phase cycling scheme was demonstrated experimentally. Using stimulated echoes may be a step towards application of diffusion pore imaging to larger pores with gradient amplitudes available today in preclinical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Demberg
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Bernd Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Edward Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Breitling J, Deshmane A, Goerke S, Korzowski A, Herz K, Ladd ME, Scheffler K, Bachert P, Zaiss M. Adaptive denoising for chemical exchange saturation transfer MR imaging. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4133. [PMID: 31361064 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is required to reliably detect the inherently small chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects in vivo. In this study, it was demonstrated that identifying spectral redundancies of CEST data by principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with an appropriate data-driven extraction of relevant information can be used for an effective and robust denoising of CEST spectra. The relationship between the number of relevant principal components and SNR was studied on fitted in vivo Z-spectra with artificially introduced noise. Three different data-driven criteria to automatically determine the optimal number of necessary components were investigated. In addition, these criteria facilitate straightforward assessment of data quality that could provide guidance for CEST MR protocols in terms of SNR. Insights were applied to achieve a robust denoising of highly sampled low power Z-spectra of the human brain at 3 and 7 T. The median criterion provided the best estimation for the optimal number of components consistently for all three investigated artificial noise levels. Application of the denoising technique to in vivo data revealed a considerable increase in image quality for the amide and rNOE contrast with a considerable SNR gain. At 7 T the denoising capability was quantified to be comparable or even superior to an averaging of six measurements. The proposed denoising algorithm enables an efficient and robust denoising of CEST data by combining PCA with appropriate data-driven truncation criteria. With this generally applicable technique at hand, small CEST effects can be reliably detected without the need for repeated measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Herz
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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29
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Paech D, Windschuh J, Oberhollenzer J, Dreher C, Sahm F, Meissner JE, Goerke S, Schuenke P, Zaiss M, Regnery S, Bickelhaupt S, Bäumer P, Bendszus M, Wick W, Unterberg A, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Radbruch A. Assessing the predictability of IDH mutation and MGMT methylation status in glioma patients using relaxation-compensated multipool CEST MRI at 7.0 T. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1661-1671. [PMID: 29733378 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of prognostic superior characteristics in glioma patients such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is of great clinical importance. The study purpose was to investigate the non-invasive predictability of IDH mutation status, MGMT promoter methylation, and differentiation of low-grade versus high-grade glioma (LGG vs HGG) in newly diagnosed patients employing relaxation-compensated multipool chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI at 7.0 Tesla. Methods Thirty-one patients with newly diagnosed glioma were included in this prospective study. CEST MRI was performed at a 7T whole-body scanner. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and isolated amide proton transfer (APT; downfield NOE-suppressed APT = dns-APT) CEST signals (mean value and 90th signal percentile) were quantitatively investigated in the whole tumor area with regard to predictability of IDH mutation, MGMT promoter methylation status, and differentiation of LGG versus HGG. Statistics were performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results were compared with advanced MRI methods (apparent diffusion coefficient and relative cerebral blood volume ROC/AUC analysis) obtained at 3T. Results dns-APT CEST yielded highest AUCs in IDH mutation status prediction (dns-APTmean = 91.84%, P < 0.01; dns-APT90 = 97.96%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, dns-APT metrics enabled significant differentiation of LGG versus HGG (AUC: dns-APTmean = 0.78, P < 0.05; dns-APT90 = 0.83, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference regarding MGMT promoter methylation status at any contrast (P > 0.05). Conclusions Relaxation-compensated multipool CEST MRI, particularly dns-APT imaging, enabled prediction of IDH mutation status and differentiation of LGG versus HGG and should therefore be considered as a non-invasive MR biomarker in the diagnostic workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Windschuh
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Constantin Dreher
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Magnetic Resonance Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Bäumer
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mark Edward Ladd
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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30
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Zimmermann F, Korzowski A, Breitling J, Meissner J, Schuenke P, Loi L, Zaiss M, Bickelhaupt S, Schott S, Schlemmer H, Paech D, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Goerke S. A novel normalization for amide proton transfer CEST MRI to correct for fat signal–induced artifacts: application to human breast cancer imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:920-934. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan‐Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lisa Loi
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of High‐field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- Medical Imaging and Radiology ‐ Cancer Prevention German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Heinz‐Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
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31
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Polak D, Cauley S, Huang SY, Longo MG, Conklin J, Bilgic B, Ohringer N, Raithel E, Bachert P, Wald LL, Setsompop K. Highly-accelerated volumetric brain examination using optimized wave-CAIPI encoding. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:961-974. [PMID: 30734388 PMCID: PMC6687581 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid volumetric imaging protocols could better utilize limited scanner resources. PURPOSE To develop and validate an optimized 6-minute high-resolution volumetric brain MRI examination using Wave-CAIPI encoding. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION/SUBJECTS Ten healthy subjects and 20 patients with a variety of intracranial pathologies. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE At 3 T, MPRAGE, T2 -weighted SPACE, SPACE FLAIR, and SWI were acquired at 9-fold acceleration using Wave-CAIPI and for comparison at 2-4-fold acceleration using conventional GRAPPA. ASSESSMENT Extensive simulations were performed to optimize the Wave-CAIPI protocol and minimize both g-factor noise amplification and potential T1 /T2 blurring artifacts. Moreover, refinements in the autocalibrated reconstruction of Wave-CAIPI were developed to ensure high-quality reconstructions in the presence of gradient imperfections. In a randomized and blinded fashion, three neuroradiologists assessed the diagnostic quality of the optimized 6-minute Wave-CAIPI exam and compared it to the roughly 3× slower GRAPPA accelerated protocol using both an individual and head-to-head analysis. STATISTICAL TEST A noninferiority test was used to test whether the diagnostic quality of Wave-CAIPI was noninferior to the GRAPPA acquisition, with a 15% noninferiority margin. RESULTS Among all sequences, Wave-CAIPI achieved negligible g-factor noise amplification (gavg ≤ 1.04) and burring artifacts from T1 /T2 relaxation. Improvements of our autocalibration approach for gradient imperfections enabled increased robustness to gradient mixing imperfections in tilted-field of view (FOV) prescriptions as well as variations in gradient and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rates. In the clinical evaluation, Wave-CAIPI achieved similar mean scores when compared with GRAPPA (MPRAGE: ØW = 4.03, ØG = 3.97; T2 w SPACE: ØW = 4.00, ØG = 4.00; SPACE FLAIR: ØW = 3.97, ØG = 3.97; SWI: ØW = 3.93, ØG = 3.83) and was statistically noninferior (N = 30, P < 0.05 for all sequences). DATA CONCLUSION The proposed volumetric brain exam retained comparable image quality when compared with the much longer conventional protocol. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:961-974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Cauley
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Longo
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Conklin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ned Ohringer
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Goerke S, Soehngen Y, Deshmane A, Zaiss M, Breitling J, Boyd PS, Herz K, Zimmermann F, Klika KD, Schlemmer H, Paech D, Ladd ME, Bachert P. Relaxation‐compensated APT and rNOE CEST‐MRI of human brain tumors at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:622-632. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yannick Soehngen
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Germany
| | - Philip S. Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Herz
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Heinz‐Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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33
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Lott J, Platt T, Niesporek SC, Paech D, G. R. Behl N, Niendorf T, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. Corrections of myocardial tissue sodium concentration measurements in human cardiac
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Na MRI at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:159-173. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lott
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Radiology, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G. R. Behl
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
- MRI. TOOLS GmbH Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen Institute of Radiology Erlangen Germany
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Institute of Medical Physics Erlangen Germany
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34
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Meissner J, Korzowski A, Regnery S, Goerke S, Breitling J, Floca RO, Debus J, Schlemmer H, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Adeberg S, Paech D. Early response assessment of glioma patients to definitive chemoradiotherapy using chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging at 7 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1268-1277. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- MPI for Nuclear PhysicsMax‐Planck‐Society Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ralf Omar Floca
- Division of Medical Image ComputingGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Mark Edward Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
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35
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Paech D, Dreher C, Regnery S, Meissner JE, Goerke S, Windschuh J, Oberhollenzer J, Schultheiss M, Deike-Hofmann K, Bickelhaupt S, Radbruch A, Zaiss M, Unterberg A, Wick W, Bendszus M, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP. Relaxation-compensated amide proton transfer (APT) MRI signal intensity is associated with survival and progression in high-grade glioma patients. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:4957-4967. [PMID: 30809720 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of relaxation-compensated chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in newly diagnosed high-grade glioma (HGG) patients. METHODS Twenty-six patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma (WHO grades III-IV) were included in this prospective IRB-approved study. CEST MRI was performed on a 7.0-T whole-body scanner. Association of patient OS/PFS with relaxation-compensated CEST MRI (amide proton transfer (APT), relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE)/NOE, downfield-rNOE-suppressed APT (dns-APT)) and diffusion-weighted imaging (apparent diffusion coefficient) were assessed using the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Furthermore, OS/PFS association with clinical parameters (age, gender, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status, and therapy: biopsy + radio-chemotherapy vs. debulking surgery + radio-chemotherapy) were tested accordingly. RESULTS Relaxation-compensated APT MRI was significantly correlated with patient OS (HR = 3.15, p = 0.02) and PFS (HR = 1.83, p = 0.009). The strongest association with PFS was found for the dns-APT metric (HR = 2.61, p = 0.002). These results still stand for the relaxation-compensated APT contrasts in a homogenous subcohort of n = 22 glioblastoma patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type status. Among the tested clinical parameters, patient age (HR = 1.1, p = 0.001) and therapy (HR = 3.68, p = 0.026) were significant for OS; age additionally for PFS (HR = 1.04, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION Relaxation-compensated APT MRI signal intensity is associated with overall survival and progression-free survival in newly diagnosed, previously untreated glioma patients and may, therefore, help to customize treatment and response monitoring in the future. KEY POINTS • Amide proton transfer (APT) MRI signal intensity is associated with overall survival and progression in glioma patients. • Relaxation compensation enhances the information value of APT MRI in tumors. • Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI may serve as a non-invasive biomarker to predict prognosis and customize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Constantin Dreher
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Windschuh
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Oberhollenzer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Schultheiss
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katerina Deike-Hofmann
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Flassbeck S, Schmidt S, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schmitter S. Flow MR fingerprinting. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2536-2550. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Flassbeck
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simon Schmidt
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
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37
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Ladd ME, Bachert P, Meyerspeer M, Moser E, Nagel AM, Norris DG, Schmitter S, Speck O, Straub S, Zaiss M. Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 2018; 109:1-50. [PMID: 30527132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David G Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sina Straub
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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Emmerich J, Flassbeck S, Schmidt S, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Straub S. Rapid and accurate dictionary-based T 2 mapping from multi-echo turbo spin echo data at 7 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:1253-1262. [PMID: 30328209 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using lower refocusing flip angles in multi-echo turbo spin echo (ME-TSE) sequences at ultra-high magnetic field leads to non-monoexponential signal decay and overestimation of T2 values due to stimulated and secondary echoes. PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of a fast and accurate reconstruction of quantitative T2 values using an ME-TSE sequence with reduced refocusing flip angles at 7 Tesla, a dictionary-based reconstruction method was developed and is presented in this work. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Phantom measurements with relaxation phantom, four healthy volunteers. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7 Tesla MRI, multi-echo turbo spin echo (ME-TSE), spin echo (SE), and B1 mapping. ASSESSMENT Based on Bloch simulations and the extended phase graph model, signal decay curves were calculated to account for nonrectangular slice profile, B1 inhomogeneity, and reduced refocusing flip angles and stored in a dictionary. Data obtained with an ME-TSE sequence at 7 Tesla were matched to this dictionary to obtain T2 values. To compare the proposed method to reference T2 values, a spin echo sequence with different echo times was used. STATISTICAL TESTS Welch's t-test was used to compare T2 values in phantom measurements. RESULTS T2 values obtained with the proposed ME-TSE method coincided with the T2 values from the spin echo experiment in phantom measurements (P = 0.89 for 120° flip angle, P = 0.75 for 180° flip angle). Only for very low B1 transmit fields, a slight overestimation of T2 values was observed. In vivo measurements showed lower T2 values in gray matter (55 ± 2 millisecond) and white matter (39 ± 5 millisecond) compared with literature values of 3 Tesla data. DATA CONCLUSIONS The proposed dictionary-based ME-TSE approach provided accurate T2 values in short measurement time at 7 Tesla with low specific absorption rate burden due to the reduction of refocusing flip angles. Therefore, it can provide new opportunities in clinical high-field MRI to further improve radiographic diagnosis by using quantitative imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1253-1262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Emmerich
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Flassbeck
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmidt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Straub
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Demberg K, Laun FB, Bertleff M, Bachert P, Kuder TA. Experimental determination of pore shapes using phase retrieval from q-space NMR diffraction. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:052412. [PMID: 29906842 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.052412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an approach to solving the phase problem in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion pore imaging, a method that allows imaging the shape of arbitrary closed pores filled with an NMR-detectable medium for investigation of the microstructure of biological tissue and porous materials. Classical q-space imaging composed of two short diffusion-encoding gradient pulses yields, analogously to diffraction experiments, the modulus squared of the Fourier transform of the pore image which entails an inversion problem: An unambiguous reconstruction of the pore image requires both magnitude and phase. Here the phase information is recovered from the Fourier modulus by applying a phase retrieval algorithm. This allows omitting experimentally challenging phase measurements using specialized temporal gradient profiles. A combination of the hybrid input-output algorithm and the error reduction algorithm was used with dynamically adapting support (shrinkwrap extension). No a priori knowledge on the pore shape was fed to the algorithm except for a finite pore extent. The phase retrieval approach proved successful for simulated data with and without noise and was validated in phantom experiments with well-defined pores using hyperpolarized xenon gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Demberg
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Bernd Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Bertleff
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Dreher C, Oberhollenzer J, Meissner JE, Windschuh J, Schuenke P, Regnery S, Sahm F, Bickelhaupt S, Bendszus M, Wick W, Unterberg A, Zaiss M, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Radbruch A, Paech D. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signal intensity at 7T MRI of WHO IV° gliomas is dependent on the anatomic location. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:777-785. [PMID: 30133046 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel MRI technique applied to brain tumor patients. PURPOSE To investigate the anatomic location dependence of CEST MRI obtained at 7T and histopathological/molecular parameters in WHO IV° glioma patients. STUDY TYPE Analytic prospective study. POPULATION Twenty-one patients with newly diagnosed WHO IV° gliomas were studied prior to surgery; 11 healthy volunteers were investigated. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Conventional MRI (contrast-enhanced, T2 w and diffusion-weighted imaging) at 3T and T2 w and CEST MRI at 7T was performed for patients and both patients and volunteers. ASSESSMENT Mean CEST signal intensities (nuclear-Overhauser-enhancement [NOE], amide-proton-transfer [APT], downfield NOE-suppressed APT [dns-APT]), ADC values, and histopathological/molecular parameters were evaluated with regard to hemisphere location and contact with the subventricular zone. CEST signal intensities of cerebral tissue of healthy volunteers were evaluated with regard to hemisphere discrimination. STATISTICAL TESTS Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank-test, Fisher's exact test, and area under the receiver operating curve. RESULTS Maximum APT and dns-APT signal intensities were significantly different in right vs. left hemisphere gliomas (P = 0.037 and P = 0.007), but not in right vs. left hemisphere cerebral tissue of healthy subjects (P = 0.062-0.859). Mean ADC values were significantly decreased in right vs. left hemisphere gliomas (P = 0.044). Mean NOE signal intensity did not differ significantly between gliomas of either hemisphere (P = 0.820), but in case of subventricular zone contact (P = 0.047). A significant correlation was observed between APT and dns-APT and ADC signal intensities (rs = -0.627, P = 0.004 and rs = -0.534, P = 0.019), but not between NOE and ADC (rs = -0.341, P = 0.154). Histopathological/molecular parameters were not significantly different concerning the tumor location (P = 0.104-1.000, P = 0.286-0.696). DATA CONCLUSION APT, dns-APT, and ADC were inversely correlated and depended on the gliomas' hemisphere location. NOE showed significant dependence on subventricular zone contact. Location dependency of APT- and NOE-mediated CEST effects should be considered in clinical investigations of CEST MRI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:777-785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Dreher
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Windschuh
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Max-Planck-Institute for biological cybernetics, Magnetic Resonance Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Regnery S, Adeberg S, Dreher C, Oberhollenzer J, Meissner JE, Goerke S, Windschuh J, Deike-Hofmann K, Bickelhaupt S, Zaiss M, Radbruch A, Bendszus M, Wick W, Unterberg A, Rieken S, Debus J, Bachert P, Ladd M, Schlemmer HP, Paech D. Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI serves as predictor of early progression in glioblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28772-28783. [PMID: 29983895 PMCID: PMC6033360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively investigate chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI in glioblastoma patients as predictor of early tumor progression after first-line treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty previously untreated glioblastoma patients underwent CEST MRI employing a 7T whole-body scanner. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) as well as amide proton transfer (APT) CEST signals were isolated using Lorentzian difference (LD) analysis and relaxation compensated by the apparent exchange-dependent relaxation rate (AREX) evaluation. Additionally, NOE-weighted asymmetric magnetic transfer ratio (MTRasym) and downfield-NOE-suppressed APT (dns-APT) were calculated. Patient response to consecutive treatment was determined according to the RANO criteria. Mean signal intensities of each contrast in the whole tumor area were compared between early-progressive and stable disease. RESULTS Pre-treatment tumor signal intensity differed significantly regarding responsiveness to first-line therapy in NOE-LD (p = 0.0001), NOE-weighted MTRasym (p = 0.0186) and dns-APT (p = 0.0328) contrasts. Hence, significant prediction of early progression was possible employing NOE-LD (AUC = 0.98, p = 0.0005), NOE-weighted MTRasym (AUC = 0.83, p = 0.0166) and dns-APT (AUC = 0.80, p = 0.0318). The NOE-LD provided the highest sensitivity (91%) and specificity (100%). CONCLUSIONS CEST derived contrasts, particularly NOE-weighted imaging and dns-APT, yielded significant predictors of early progression after fist-line therapy in glioblastoma. Therefore, CEST MRI might be considered as non-invasive tool for customization of treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Regnery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), HIRO (Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Dreher
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Eric Meissner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Windschuh
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Ladd
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Goerke S, Breitling J, Zaiss M, Windschuh J, Kunz P, Schuenke P, Paech D, Longo DL, Klika KD, Ladd ME, Bachert P. Dual-frequency irradiation CEST-MRI of endogenous bulk mobile proteins. NMR Biomed 2018; 31:e3920. [PMID: 29672976 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel MRI contrast is proposed which enables the selective detection of endogenous bulk mobile proteins in vivo. Such a non-invasive imaging technique may be of particular interest for many diseases associated with pathological alterations of protein expression, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Specificity to mobile proteins was achieved by the selective measurement of intramolecular spin diffusion and the removal of semi-solid macromolecular signal components by a correction procedure. For this purpose, the approach of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) was extended to a radiofrequency (RF) irradiation scheme at two different frequency offsets (dualCEST). Using protein model solutions, it was demonstrated that the dualCEST technique allows the calculation of an image contrast which is exclusively sensitive to changes in concentration, molecular size and the folding state of mobile proteins. With respect to application in humans, dualCEST overcomes the selectivity limitations at relatively low magnetic field strengths, and thus enables examinations on clinical MR scanners. The feasibility of dualCEST examinations in humans was verified by a proof-of-principle examination of a brain tumor patient at 3 T. With its specificity for the mobile fraction of the proteome, its comparable sensitivity to conventional water proton MRI and its applicability to clinical MR scanners, this technique represents a further step towards the non-invasive imaging of proteomic changes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Windschuh
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Kunz
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Platt T, Umathum R, Fiedler TM, Nagel AM, Bitz AK, Maier F, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Wielpütz MO, Kauczor HU, Behl NG. In vivo self-gated 23
Na MRI at 7 T using an oval-shaped body resonator. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Platt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Reiner Umathum
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas M. Fiedler
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas K. Bitz
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology; University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Eupener Str. 70; 52066 Aachen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark O. Wielpütz
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC); University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine; Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstr. 1; 69126 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC); University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine; Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstr. 1; 69126 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G.R. Behl
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Lommen JM, Flassbeck S, Behl NG, Niesporek S, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. Probing the microscopic environment of 23
Na ions in brain tissue by MRI: On the accuracy of different sampling schemes for the determination of rapid, biexponential T2* decay at low signal-to-noise ratio. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:571-584. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Lommen
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Flassbeck
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G.R. Behl
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Niesporek
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
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Paech D, Schuenke P, Koehler C, Windschuh J, Mundiyanapurath S, Bickelhaupt S, Bonekamp D, Bäumer P, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Bendszus M, Wick W, Unterberg A, Schlemmer HP, Zaiss M, Radbruch A. T1ρ-weighted Dynamic Glucose-enhanced MR Imaging in the Human Brain. Radiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Niesporek SC, Umathum R, Lommen JM, Behl NG, Paech D, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. Reproducibility of CMRO2determination using dynamic17O MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2923-2934. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Niesporek
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Reiner Umathum
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Lommen
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G.R. Behl
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
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Heußer T, Mann P, Rank CM, Schäfer M, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Schlemmer HP, Hadaschik BA, Kopka K, Bachert P, Kachelrieß M, Freitag MT. Investigation of the halo-artifact in 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET/MRI. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183329. [PMID: 28817656 PMCID: PMC5560715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Combined positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with a 68Ga-labelled PSMA-analog (68Ga-PSMA-11) is discussed as a promising diagnostic method for patients with suspicion or history of prostate cancer. One potential drawback of this method are severe photopenic (halo-) artifacts surrounding the bladder and the kidneys in the scatter-corrected PET images, which have been reported to occur frequently in clinical practice. The goal of this work was to investigate the occurrence and impact of these artifacts and, secondly, to evaluate variants of the standard scatter correction method with regard to halo-artifact suppression. Methods Experiments using a dedicated pelvis phantom were conducted to investigate whether the halo-artifact is modality-, tracer-, and/or concentration-dependent. Furthermore, 31 patients with history of prostate cancer were selected from an ongoing 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET/MRI study. For each patient, PET raw data were reconstructed employing six different variants of PET scatter correction: absolute scatter scaling, relative scatter scaling, and relative scatter scaling combined with prompt gamma correction, each of which was combined with a maximum scatter fraction (MaxSF) of MaxSF = 75% or MaxSF = 40%. Evaluation of the reconstructed images with regard to halo-artifact suppression was performed both quantitatively using statistical analysis and qualitatively by two independent readers. Results The phantom experiments did not reveal any modality-dependency (PET/MRI vs. PET/CT) or tracer-dependency (68Ga vs. 18F-FDG). Patient- and phantom-based data indicated that halo-artifacts derive from high organ-to-background activity ratios (OBR) between bladder/kidneys and surrounding soft tissue, with a positive correlation between OBR and halo size. Comparing different variants of scatter correction, reducing the maximum scatter fraction from the default value MaxSF = 75% to MaxSF = 40% was found to efficiently suppress halo-artifacts in both phantom and patient data. In 1 of 31 patients, reducing the maximum scatter fraction provided new PET-based information changing the patient’s diagnosis. Conclusion Halo-artifacts are particularly observed for 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET/MRI due to 1) the biodistribution of the PSMA-11-tracer resulting in large OBRs for bladder and kidneys and 2) inaccurate scatter correction methods currently used in clinical routine, which tend to overestimate the scatter contribution. If not compensated for, 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake pathologies may be masked by halo-artifacts leading to false-negative diagnoses. Reducing the maximum scatter fraction was found to efficiently suppress halo-artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Heußer
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Mann
- Applied Medical Radiation Physics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Rank
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Divison of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Klaus Kopka
- Divison of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Kachelrieß
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin T. Freitag
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional 31 P chemical shift imaging is time-consuming and yields only limited spatial resolution. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of 31 P echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) in vivo at 7T. METHODS A 3D 31 P EPSI sequence with trapezoidal-shaped gradient pulses was implemented on a 7T MR scanner. To increase spectral width with reduced demand on gradient performance, a multishot approach was chosen. Acquisition weighting and 31 P-{1 H} double resonance for nuclear Overhauser signal enhancement were applied to increase sensitivity. RESULTS 3D 31 P-{1 H} EPSI data from model solution and from human calf muscle and brain were obtained from voxels with effective sizes of 4.1 to 16.2 cm3 in measurement times of approximately 10 min. Individual spectra showed well-resolved resonances of endogenous 31 P-metabolites without artifacts. Volumetric high-resolution 31 P-metabolite maps in vivo showed metabolic heterogeneity of different tissues. CONCLUSION In vivo 31 P EPSI at 7T yields high-quality metabolic images. The proposed multishot EPSI technique reduces the measurement times for acquisition of volumetric high-resolution maps of 31 P-metabolites or intracellular pH in human studies. Magn Reson Med 79:1251-1259, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Korzowski
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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49
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Polak D, Setsompop K, Cauley SF, Gagoski BA, Bhat H, Maier F, Bachert P, Wald LL, Bilgic B. Wave-CAIPI for highly accelerated MP-RAGE imaging. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:401-406. [PMID: 28220617 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce a highly accelerated T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) acquisition that uses wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-CAIPI) encoding to retain high image quality. METHODS Significant acceleration of the MP-RAGE sequence is demonstrated using the wave-CAIPI technique. Here, sinusoidal waveforms are used to spread aliasing in all three directions to improve the g-factor. Combined with a rapid (2 s) coil sensitivity acquisition and data-driven trajectory calibration, we propose an online integrated acquisition-reconstruction pipeline for highly efficient MP-RAGE imaging. RESULTS The 9-fold accelerated MP-RAGE acquisition can be performed in 71 s, with a maximum and average g-factor of gmax = 1.27 and gavg = 1.06 at 3T. Compared with the state-of-the-art method controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (2D-CAIPIRINHA), this is a factor of 4.6/1.4 improvement in gmax /gavg . In addition, we demonstrate a 57 s acquisition at 7T with 12-fold acceleration. This acquisition has a g-factor performance of gmax = 1.15 and gavg = 1.04. CONCLUSION Wave encoding overcomes the g-factor noise amplification penalty and allows for an order of magnitude acceleration of MP-RAGE acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 79:401-406, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polak
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen F Cauley
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borjan A Gagoski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Himanshu Bhat
- Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Florian Maier
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Demberg K, Laun FB, Windschuh J, Umathum R, Bachert P, Kuder TA. Nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion pore imaging: Experimental phase detection by double diffusion encoding. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022404. [PMID: 28298006 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion pore imaging is an extension of diffusion-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance imaging enabling the direct measurement of the shape of arbitrarily formed, closed pores by probing diffusion restrictions using the motion of spin-bearing particles. Examples of such pores comprise cells in biological tissue or oil containing cavities in porous rocks. All pores contained in the measurement volume contribute to one reconstructed image, which reduces the problem of vanishing signal at increasing resolution present in conventional magnetic resonance imaging. It has been previously experimentally demonstrated that pore imaging using a combination of a long and a narrow magnetic field gradient pulse is feasible. In this work, an experimental verification is presented showing that pores can be imaged using short gradient pulses only. Experiments were carried out using hyperpolarized xenon gas in well-defined pores. The phase required for pore image reconstruction was retrieved from double diffusion encoded (DDE) measurements, while the magnitude could either be obtained from DDE signals or classical diffusion measurements with single encoding. The occurring image artifacts caused by restrictions of the gradient system, insufficient diffusion time, and by the phase reconstruction approach were investigated. Employing short gradient pulses only is advantageous compared to the initial long-narrow approach due to a more flexible sequence design when omitting the long gradient and due to faster convergence to the diffusion long-time limit, which may enable application to larger pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Demberg
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Bernd Laun
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Windschuh
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Umathum
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tristan Anselm Kuder
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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