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Sanchez Merlinsky L, Hemmeter D, Baraldo LM, Maier F, Steinrück HP, Williams FJ. Unlocking the Fluorine-Free Buoy Effect: Surface-Enriched Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes in Ionic Liquids. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400092. [PMID: 38687137 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling the local concentration of metal complexes at the surface of ionic liquids (ILs) is a highly sought-after objective due to its pivotal implications in supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysis. Equally important is to avoid per- and polyfluorinated substances due to environmental concerns. Herein, we investigate the surface enrichment of Ru polypyridyl complexes with fluorine-free alkylic side groups of varying lengths and shapes, using the hydrophilic IL [C2C1Im][OAc] as solvent. Additional charged carboxylate groups are included into the polypyridyl ligands to increase the solubility of the complex in the IL. When the ligand system is functionalized with long and hydrophobic alkyl side chains, the complex predominantly localizes at the IL/vacuum interface, as deduced from angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Conversely, in the presence of short or more bulky substituents, no surface enrichment is observed. This buoy-like behaviour with fluorine-free side groups is explored for 0.05 %mol to 1 %mol solutions. Intriguingly, surface saturation occurs at approximately 0.5 %mol, which is beneficial to the efficient operation of catalytic systems featuring high surface areas, such as SILP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Sanchez Merlinsky
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis M Baraldo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Federico J Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bühlmeyer H, Talwar T, Eschenbacher R, Barreto J, Hauner J, Knörr L, Steinrück HP, Maier F, Libuda J. Surface Chemistry of a [C 2C 1Im][OTf] (Sub)Wetting Layer on Pt(111): A Combined XPS, IRAS, and STM Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38652177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The concept of a solid catalyst with an ionic liquid layer (SCILL) is a promising approach to improve the selectivity of noble metal catalysts in heterogeneous reactions. In order to understand the origins of this selectivity control, we investigated the growth and thermal stability of ultrathin 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluormethanesulfonate [C2C1Im][OTf] films on Pt(111) by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in time-resolved and temperature-programmed experiments. We combined these spectroscopy experiments with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to obtain detailed insights into the orientation and adsorption geometry of the ions in the first IL layer. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism for the thermal evolution of [C2C1Im][OTf] on Pt(111). We observe an intact IL layer on the surface at temperatures below 200 K. Adsorbed [C2C1Im][OTf] forms islands, which are evenly distributed over the surface. The [OTf]- anion adsorbs via the SO3 group, with the molecular axis perpendicular to the surface. Anions and cations are arranged next to each other, alternating on the Pt(111) surface. Upon heating to 250 K, we observe changes in geometry and structural distribution. Whereas at low temperature, the ions are arranged alternately for electrostatic reasons, this driving force is no longer decisive at 250 K. Here, a phase separation of two different species is discernible in STM. We propose that this effect is due to a surface reaction, which changes the charge of the adsorbates. We assume that the IL starts to decompose at around 250 K, and thus, pristine IL and decomposition products coexist on the surface. Also, IRAS and XPS show indication of IL decomposition. Further heating leads to increased IL decomposition. The reaction products associated with the anions are volatile and leave the surface. In contrast, the cation fragments remain on the surface up to temperatures above 420 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bühlmeyer
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Talwar
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman Eschenbacher
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jade Barreto
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hauner
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Knörr
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Hemmeter D, Merlinsky LS, Baraldo LM, Maier F, Williams FJ, Steinrück HP. Exploring the interfacial behavior of ruthenium complexes in ionic liquids: implications for supported ionic liquid phase catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7602-7610. [PMID: 38363127 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of metal complexes with ionic liquids, with a particular focus on the stability and surface concentration of the metal centers, is crucial in applications involving catalysts based on supported ionic liquids. In this study, we synthesized the complexes [Ru(tpy)(bpy)Cl][PF6] and [Ru(tpy)(dcb)Cl][PF6] (tpy = 2,2',2''-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dcb = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) and we prepared solutions using the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2C1Im][OAc] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4C1Im][PF6]. The chemical environment of the Ru(II) metal center and the interfacial behavior of the complexes in the different IL solutions were determined using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). In [C4C1Im][PF6], [Ru(tpy)(bpy)Cl][PF6] maintains its chemical structure, while in [C2C1Im][OAc], partial changes in the chemical environment of the Ru center are indicated by XPS, likely due to ligand exchange. The presence of carboxylic acid functional groups in the bipyridyl ligand seems to inhibit this ligand exchange. The investigated complexes do not exhibit surface activity but are depleted from the IL/gas interface. These findings hold significance for the design of new supported ionic liquid phase catalysts based on Ru complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Luciano Sanchez Merlinsky
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis M Baraldo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Federico J Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen, Germany.
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Nemali A, Vockert N, Berron D, Maas A, Bernal J, Yakupov R, Peters O, Gref D, Cosma N, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth E, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Kimmich O, Vogt I, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Bartels C, Schott BH, Maier F, Meiberth D, Glanz W, Incesoy E, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Pernecky R, Rauchmann B, Burow L, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Göerß D, Dyrba M, Laske C, Munk M, Sanzenbacher C, Müller S, Spottke A, Roy N, Heneka M, Brosseron F, Roeske S, Dobisch L, Ramirez A, Ewers M, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Wagner M, Jessen F, Duzel E, Ziegler G. Gaussian Process-based prediction of memory performance and biomarker status in ageing and Alzheimer's disease-A systematic model evaluation. Med Image Anal 2023; 90:102913. [PMID: 37660483 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging markers based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) combined with various other measures (such as genetic covariates, biomarkers, vascular risk factors, neuropsychological tests etc.) might provide useful predictions of clinical outcomes during the progression towards Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of multiple features in predictive frameworks for clinical outcomes has become increasingly prevalent in AD research. However, many studies do not focus on systematically and accurately evaluating combinations of multiple input features. Hence, the aim of the present work is to explore and assess optimal combinations of various features for MR-based prediction of (1) cognitive status and (2) biomarker positivity with a multi-kernel learning Gaussian process framework. The explored features and parameters included (A) combinations of brain tissues, modulation, smoothing, and image resolution; (B) incorporating demographics & clinical covariates; (C) the impact of the size of the training data set; (D) the influence of dimensionality reduction and the choice of kernel types. The approach was tested in a large German cohort including 959 subjects from the multicentric longitudinal study of cognitive impairment and dementia (DELCODE). Our evaluation suggests the best prediction of memory performance was obtained for a combination of neuroimaging markers, demographics, genetic information (ApoE4) and CSF biomarkers explaining 57% of outcome variance in out-of-sample predictions. The highest performance for Aβ42/40 status classification was achieved for a combination of demographics, ApoE4, and a memory score while usage of structural MRI further improved the classification of individual patient's pTau status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemali
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - N Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Maas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Bernal
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - O Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Cosma
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Preis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - I Vogt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - B H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - F Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - D Meiberth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - W Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - E Incesoy
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - D Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - R Pernecky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - I Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - C Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Sanzenbacher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - P Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - K Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Kleineidam
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - E Duzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
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Massicot S, Gezmis A, Talwar T, Meusel M, Jaekel S, Adhikari R, Winter L, Fernández CC, Bayer A, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Adsorption and thermal evolution of [C 1C 1Im][Tf 2N] on Pt(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27953-27966. [PMID: 37655794 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of ionic liquid (IL)-assisted catalysis, we have investigated the adsorption and thermal evolution of the IL 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C1C1Im][Tf2N]) on Pt(111) between 100 and 800 K by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Defined amounts of IL in the coverage range of a complete first wetting layer were deposited at low temperature (100-200 K), and subsequently heated to 300 K, or directly at 300 K. At 100 K, the IL adsorbs as an intact disordered layer. Upon heating to 200 K, the IL stays intact, but forms an ordered and well-oriented structure. Upon heating to 250 K, the surface order increases, but at the same time STM and XPS indicate the onset of decomposition. Upon heating to 300 K, decomposition progresses, such that 50-60% of the IL is decomposed. The anion-related reaction products desorb instantaneously, and the cation-related products remain on the surface. Thereby, the surface is partly passivated, enabling the remaining IL to still be adsorbed intact at 300 K. For IL deposition directly at 300 K, a fraction of the IL instantaneously decomposes, with the anion-related products desorbing, opening free space for further deposition of IL. Hence, cation-related species accumulate at the expense of anions, until one fully closed wetting layer is formed. As a consequence, a higher dose is required to reach this coverage at 300 K, compared to 100-200 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Afra Gezmis
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Timo Talwar
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Meusel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Simon Jaekel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Leonhard Winter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Cynthia C Fernández
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Laux J, Martorelli M, Strass S, Schollmeyer D, Maier F, Burnet M, Laufer SA. Inherent Fluorescence Demonstrates Immunotropic Properties for Novel Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1433-1452. [PMID: 37854620 PMCID: PMC10580734 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a general question in small molecule pharmacology about how apparent compound concentrations in blood, plasma, and organs actually relate to actual amounts at the target site of a compound. In this study, we used inherently fluorescent JAK3 ligands and their macrolide conjugates to investigate the relationship between physical properties, apparent bulk concentration, and organ and subcellular distribution. In vitro uptake into immune cells suggested that much of the substance was associated with granules or organelles. Samples from murine pharmacokinetic studies were analyzed by both conventional mass spectrometry and cryofluorescence microscopy methods to show the distribution of a compound within organs and cells without artifacts of fixation. These observations confirm the uptake of granules observed in vitro. Data from macrolides carrying either a coumarin fluorophore or a JAK3 inhibitor were similar, suggesting that the distribution is directed by the properties of the larger macrolide. These data show a propensity for azalide macrolides to concentrate in the lung and gut epithelia and suggest that the plasma- or whole-blood-derived estimates of drug levels almost certainly underestimate concentrations of macrolides in the mucous membranes. Thus, their apparent efficacy at sub-bacteriostatic doses may reflect their higher levels in barrier layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Laux
- Synovo GmbH,
Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry,
Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der
Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Mariella Martorelli
- Synovo GmbH,
Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry,
Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der
Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Simon Strass
- Synovo GmbH,
Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes
Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55099,
Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Synovo GmbH,
Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH,
Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry,
Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der
Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180)
“Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”,
University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076,
Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug
Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), Tübingen 72076,
Germany
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7
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Hemmeter D, Paap U, Wellnhofer N, Gezmis A, Kremitzl D, Wasserscheid P, Steinrück HP, Maier F. Understanding the Buoy Effect of Surface-Enriched Pt Complexes in Ionic Liquids: A Combined ARXPS and Pendant Drop Study. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300612. [PMID: 37738406 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that Pt catalyst complexes dissolved in the ionic liquid (IL) [C4 C1 Im][PF6 ] can be deliberately enriched at the IL surface by introducing perfluorinated substituents, which act like buoys dragging the metal complex towards the surface. Herein, we extend our previous angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) studies at complex concentrations between 30 and 5 %mol down to 1 %mol and present complementary surface tension pendant drop (PD) measurements under ultraclean vacuum conditions. This combination allows for connecting the microscopic information on the IL/gas interface derived from ARXPS with the macroscopic property surface tension. The surface enrichment of the Pt complexes is found to be most pronounced at 1 %mol . It also displays a strong temperature dependence, which was not observed for 5 %mol and above, where the surface is already saturated with the complex. The surface enrichment deduced from ARXPS is also reflected by the pronounced decrease in surface tension with increasing concentration of the catalyst. We furthermore observe by ARXPS and PD a much stronger surface affinity of the buoy-complex as compared to the free ligands in solution. Our results are highly interesting for an optimum design of IL-based catalyst systems with large contact areas to the surrounding reactant/product phase, such as in supported IL phase (SILP) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Paap
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wellnhofer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Afra Gezmis
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kremitzl
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energies (IEK 11), Cauerstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Laux J, Martorelli M, Späth N, Maier F, Burnet M, Laufer SA. Selective Inhibitors of Janus Kinase 3 Modify Responses to Lipopolysaccharides by Increasing the Interleukin-10-to-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Ratio. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:892-906. [PMID: 37325444 PMCID: PMC10262334 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors act at low doses (e.g., tofacitinib, 0.2-0.4 μmol/kg bid) in clinical use, suggesting an efficient underlying mode of action. We hypothesized that their effectiveness is due to their ability to raise the ratio of IL-10 to TNFα. Unlike other JAK isoforms, JAK3 is expressed mainly in hematopoietic cells and is essential for immune function. We used JAK3 selective inhibitors with preferential distribution to immune cells. Inhibition of JAK3 in human leukocytes reduced TNFα and IL-6 but maintained levels of IL-10, while pan-JAK inhibitors increased TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10. JAK1 is required for IL-10 receptor signaling, which suggests that, at exposure above the IC50 (55 nM for tofacitinib on JAK1), there is less feedback control of TNFα levels. This leads to self-limiting effects of JAK1 inhibitors and could place an upper limit on appropriate doses. In vivo, treating mice with JAK3 inhibitors before LPS administration decreased plasma TNFα and increased IL-10 above vehicle levels, suggesting that JAK3 inhibition may limit TNFα release by increasing IL-10 while leaving the IL-10 receptor functional. This mechanism should have general utility in controlling autoimmune diseases and can be conveniently observed by measuring the ratio of IL-10 to TNFα. In summary, our targeted, "leukotropic" inhibitors more effectively increased IL-10/TNFα ratios than unselective control compounds and could, therefore, be ideal for autoimmune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Laux
- Synovo
GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße
15, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
| | - Mariella Martorelli
- Synovo
GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße
15, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
| | - Nadja Späth
- Synovo
GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße
15, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Synovo
GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße
15, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
| | - Michael Burnet
- Synovo
GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße
15, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, DE, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally
Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University
of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Hemmeter D, Paap U, Taccardi N, Mehler J, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile-functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200391. [PMID: 36164745 PMCID: PMC10091715 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We studied the formation and surface behavior of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with ligand systems derived from two nitrile-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) in solution using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). These ligand systems enabled a high solubility of the metal complexes in IL solution. The complexes were prepared by simple ligand substitution under vacuum conditions in defined excess of the coordinating ILs, [C3 CNC1 Im][Tf2 N] and [C1 CNC1 Pip][Tf2 N], to immediately yield solutions of the final products. The ILs differ in the cationic head group and the chain length of the functionalized substituent. Our XPS measurements on the neat ILs gave insights in the electronic properties of the coordinating substituents revealing differences in donation capability and stability of the complexes. Investigations on the composition of the outermost surface layers using ARXPS revealed no surface affinity of the nitrile-functionalized chains in the neat ILs. Solutions of the formed complexes in the nitrile ILs showed homogeneous distribution of the solute at the surface with the heterocyclic moieties preferentially orientated towards the vacuum, while the metal centers are rather located further away from the IL/vacuum interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Paap
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Mehler
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Hemmeter D, Paap U, Taccardi N, Mehler J, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile-functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200914. [PMID: 36650743 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Hans-Peter Steinrück and Prof. Peter Wasserscheid at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg. The image shows substitution of volatile acetonitrile ligands by a nitrile-functionalized imidazolium cation. The formed cationic complex and the counter ions exhibit a specific preferential orientation at the ionic liquid/gas interface, which can be studied by angle-resolved XPS. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Paap
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Mehler
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Hemmeter D, Paap U, Taccardi N, Mehler J, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück H. Front Cover: Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile‐functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS (ChemPhysChem 2/2023). Chemphyschem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ulrike Paap
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Julian Mehler
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter S. Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Hemmeter D, Kremitzl D, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück HP. The Buoy Effect: Surface Enrichment of a Pt Complex in IL Solution by Ligand Design. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204023. [PMID: 36599486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Hans-Peter Steinrück and Peter Wasserscheid at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. The image depicts two Pt catalysts dissolved in an ionic liquid. For one of them, fluorinated side chains in the ligand system act as buoys leading to pronounced enrichment of the complex at the gas/IL interface, as is evidenced by strongly enhanced Pt signals in angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. For the complex without fluorinated side chains, no such effect is observed. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kremitzl
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Hemmeter D, Kremitzl D, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück HP. The Buoy Effect: Surface Enrichment of a Pt Complex in IL Solution by Ligand Design. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203325. [PMID: 36446030 PMCID: PMC10107114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The targeted enrichment of a Pt complex with an ionic liquid (IL)-derived ligand system in IL solution is demonstrated by using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When the ligand system is complemented with fluorinated side chains, the complex accumulates strongly at the IL/gas interface, while in an equivalent solution of a complex without these substituents no such effect could be observed. This buoy-like behavior induces strong population of the complex at the outermost molecular layer close to surface saturation, which was studied over a range from 5 to 30 %mol . The surface enrichment was found to be most efficient at the lowest concentration, which is particularly favorable for catalytic applications such as supported ionic-liquid-phase (SILP) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kremitzl
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Hemmeter D, Kremitzl D, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück H. The Buoy Effect: Surface Enrichment of a Pt Complex in IL Solution by Ligand Design. Chemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel Kremitzl
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter S. Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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15
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Massicot S, Sasaki T, Lexow M, Maier F, Kuwabata S, Steinrück H. On‐Surface Metathesis of an Ionic Liquid on Ag(111). Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200167. [PMID: 35363397 PMCID: PMC9321566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption, surface enrichment, ion exchange, and on‐surface metathesis of ultrathin mixed IL films on Ag(111). We stepwise deposited 0.5 ML of the protic IL diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([dema][TfO]) and 1.0 ML of the aprotic IL 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8C1Im][PF6]) at around 90 K. Thereafter, the resulting layered frozen film was heated to 550 K, and the thermally induced phenomena were monitored in situ by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Between 135 and 200 K, [TfO]− anions at the Ag(111) surface are exchanged by [PF6]− anions and enriched together with [C8C1Im]+ cations at the IL/vacuum interface. Upon further heating, [dema][PF6] and [OMIm][PF6] desorb selectively at ∼235 and ∼380 K, respectively. Hereby, a wetting layer of pure [C8C1Im][TfO] is formed by on‐surface metathesis at the IL/metal interface, which completely desorbs at ∼480 K. For comparison, ion enrichment at the vacuum/IL interface was also studied in macroscopic IL mixtures, where no influence of the solid support is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tomoya Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamada-oka 2–1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamada-oka 2–1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Winter L, Bhuin RG, Maier F, Steinrück HP. n-Butane, iso-Butane and 1-Butene Adsorption on Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Studied with Molecular Beam Techniques. Chemistry 2021; 27:17059-17065. [PMID: 34499375 PMCID: PMC9293359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of molecules, especially hydrocarbons, at the gas/ionic liquid (IL) surface plays a crucial role in supported IL catalysis. The dynamics of this process is investigated by measuring the trapping probabilities of n‐butane, iso‐butane and 1‐butene on a set of frozen 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐based ILs [CnC1Im]X, where n=4, 8 and X−=Cl−, Br−, [PF6]− and [Tf2N]−. The decrease of the initial trapping probability with increasing surface temperature is used to determine the desorption energy of the hydrocarbons at the IL surfaces. It increases with increasing alkyl chain length n and decreasing anion size for the ILs studied. We attribute these effects to different degrees of alkyl chain surface enrichment, while interactions between the adsorbate and the anion do not play a significant role. The adsorption energy also depends on the adsorbing molecule: It decreases in the order n‐butane>1‐butene>iso‐butane, which can be explained by different dispersion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Winter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Radha G Bhuin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Massicot S, Sasaki T, Lexow M, Shin S, Maier F, Kuwabata S, Steinrück HP. Adsorption, Wetting, Growth, and Thermal Stability of the Protic Ionic Liquid Diethylmethylammonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate on Ag(111) and Au(111). Langmuir 2021; 37:11552-11560. [PMID: 34569794 PMCID: PMC8495895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption, wetting, growth, and thermal evolution of the protic IL diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([dema][TfO]) on Au(111) and Ag(111). Ultrathin films were deposited at room temperature (RT) and at 90 K, and were characterized in situ by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For both surfaces, we observe that independent of temperature, initially, a closed 2D wetting layer forms. While the film thickness does not increase past this wetting layer at RT, at 200 K and below, "moderate" 3D island growth occurs on top of the wetting layer. Upon heating, on Au(111), the [dema][TfO] multilayers desorb at 292 K, leaving an intact [dema][TfO] wetting layer, which desorbs intact at 348 K. The behavior on Ag(111) is much more complex. Upon heating [dema][TfO] deposited at 90 K, the [dema]+ cations deprotonate in two steps at 185 and 305 K, yielding H[TfO] and volatile [dema]0. At 355 K, the formed H[TfO] wetting layer partly desorbs (∼50%) and partly decomposes to form an F-containing surface species, which is stable up to 570 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomoya Sasaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sunghwan Shin
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Meusel M, Gezmis A, Jaekel S, Lexow M, Bayer A, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Time- and Temperature-Dependent Growth Behavior of Ionic Liquids on Au(111) Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy in Ultrahigh Vacuum. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2021; 125:20439-20449. [PMID: 34594432 PMCID: PMC8474146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We deposited defined amounts of [C1C1Im][Tf2N] on Au(111) at different temperatures and investigated the morphology and wetting behavior of the deposited films by atomic force microscopy. For multilayer coverages, we observe a drastically different growth behavior when comparing deposition at room temperature (RT) and deposition below 170 K followed by slow annealing to RT. Upon deposition at RT, we find the formation of 2-30 nm high and 50-500 nm wide metastable 3D droplets on top of a checkerboard-type wetting layer. These droplets spread out into stable 2D bilayers, on the time scale of hours and days. The same 2D bilayer structure is obtained after deposition below 170 K and slow annealing to RT. We present a statistical analysis on the time-dependent changes of the shape and volume of the 3D droplets and the 2D bilayers. We attribute the stabilization of the 2D bilayers on the wetting layer and on already formed bilayers to the high degree of order in these layers. Notably, the transformation process from the 3D droplets to 2D bilayer islands is accelerated by tip effects and also X-ray radiation.
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19
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Schüttler D, Weckbach LT, Hamm W, Maier F, Kassem S, Schier J, Lackermair K, Brunner S. Effect of acute altitude exposure on ventilatory thresholds in recreational athletes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 293:103723. [PMID: 34171484 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High altitude (HA) training is frequently used in endurance sports and recreational athletes increasingly participate in cross mountain competitions. At high altitude aerobic physiology changes profoundly. Ventilatory thresholds (VTs) are measures for endurance performance but the impact of exposure to acute altitude (AA) on VTs in recreational athletes has been insufficiently explored to date and most studies investigated effects under normobaric hypoxia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study we investigated the effects of AA exposure at 2650 m/715 mbar on anerobic threshold (VT1) and respiratory compensation point (VT2) in a graded cycling test in 14 recreational athletes (4 female, 10 male) compared to baseline levels (521 m, 949 mbar). RESULTS At VT1, a decline in power output (PO) from median 115.5 W to 105.0 W (median -12.3 %, p = 0.032; Wilcoxon test) during exposure to HA was observed. VO2/body weight and VO2/heart rate decreased markedly (- 9.5 %, p = 0.016; -10.5 %, p = 0.012). At VT2 we found a significant decline of PO from 184.5-170.5 W (-13.1 %, p = 0.0014), of VO2/body weight and of VO2/heart rate (-10.1 %, p = 0.0015; -8.7 %, p = 0.002) compared to baseline values. Absolute VO2 decreased (-9.5 %, p = 0.0014 and -10.1 %, p = 0.0002) while minute ventilation and heart rates remained unchanged at both thresholds. CONCLUSION Our data allows a quantification of performance loss at HA in recreational athletes and demonstrates that VT-guided training intensities and workloads need to be adapted for training at HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schüttler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig T Weckbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamm
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sari Kassem
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Schier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Korbinian Lackermair
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern and Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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20
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Tormählen NM, Martorelli M, Kuhn A, Maier F, Guezguez J, Burnet M, Albrecht W, Laufer SA, Koch P. Design and Synthesis of Highly Selective Brain Penetrant p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1225-1242. [PMID: 33974419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation modulates cytokine overproduction and is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. As a potential therapeutic approach, novel Skepinone-based p38α MAP kinase inhibitors were optimized to cross the blood-brain barrier via either amino acid transporters or hydrophobic diffusion. To enhance absorption from the oral route, we used methyl ester prodrugs of the active carboxy analogs. Of these, 3-(8-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)-5-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-3-carboxamido)propanoic acid (43; p38α, IC50 = 5.5 nM) and 4-(8-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)-5-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-3-carboxamido)butanoic acid (44; p38α, IC50 = 12 nM) had brain-to-plasma ratios of 1.4 and 4.4, respectively. Compound 70, 3-(8-((2-aminophenyl)amino)-5-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-3-carboxamido)propanoic acid (p38α, IC50 = 1.0 nM), the Skepinone-N counterpart of 43, was most present in the mouse brain (brain-to-plasma ratio of 4.7; 0.4 mg/kg p.o., 2 h, 580 nmol/kg). Compounds 43, 44, and 70 were p38α-MAP-kinase-selective, metabolically stable, hERG nonbinding, and able to modulate IL-6 and TNF-α production in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas M Tormählen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Annette Kuhn
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jamil Guezguez
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Shin S, Greco F, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Enrichment effects of ionic liquid mixtures at polarized electrode interfaces monitored by potential screening. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10756-10762. [PMID: 33978646 PMCID: PMC8115399 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) at charged interfaces is pivotal for their application in supercapacitors and electrochemical cells. Recently, we demonstrated for neat ILs that potential screening at polarized electrode interfaces shows a characteristic voltage dependence, as determined in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Herein, we use this fingerprint-type behavior to characterize the nature of the IL/electrode interfaces for IL mixtures of [C8C1Im][Tf2N] and [C8C1Im]Cl on Au and Pt electrodes. For Au, the IL/electrode interfaces are dominated by the Cl− anions, even down to a 0.1 mol% [C8C1Im]Cl content. In contrast, [Tf2N]− anions enrich at the IL/Pt electrode interfaces down to 10 mol% [C8C1Im][Tf2N]; only at lower concentrations does a transition to Cl− enrichment occur. These mixture studies demonstrate that even small concentrations of another IL or contamination, e.g. remaining from synthesis, can strongly influence the situation at charged IL interfaces. The interface of electrodes and IL mixtures has been studied by in situ XPS. We found that the concentration of counterions at the interface can strongly deviate from the bulk composition due to interactions between electrode and IL.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Shin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Hamm W, Maier F, Kassem S, Schüttler D, Bauer A, Rizas KD, von Stülpnagel L, Brunner S. Deceleration capacity of heart rate and periodic repolarization dynamics during normobaric hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 30:1087-1089. [PMID: 32259352 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hamm
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Sari Kassem
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Bauer
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Konstantinos D Rizas
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas von Stülpnagel
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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23
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Winter L, Bhuin RG, Lexow M, Maier F, Steinrück HP. On the adsorption of n-butane on alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids with different anions using a new molecular beam setup. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:214706. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Winter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Radha G. Bhuin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Hamm W, Kassem S, von Stülpnagel L, Maier F, Klemm M, Schüttler D, Grabher F, Weckbach LT, Huber BC, Bauer A, Rizas KD, Brunner S. Deceleration Capacity and Periodic Repolarization Dynamics As Predictors of Acute Mountain Sickness. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:417-422. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hamm
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sari Kassem
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas von Stülpnagel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Maier
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Klemm
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Grabher
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig T. Weckbach
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno C. Huber
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Bauer
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Konstantinos D. Rizas
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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25
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Meusel M, Lexow M, Gezmis A, Bayer A, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Growth of Multilayers of Ionic Liquids on Au(111) Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy in Ultrahigh Vacuum. Langmuir 2020; 36:13670-13681. [PMID: 33156635 PMCID: PMC7676296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth of ultrathin films of ionic liquids (ILs) on metal surfaces is of highest relevance for a variety of applications. We present a detailed study of the growth of the wetting layer and successive multilayers of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C1C1Im][Tf2N]) on Au(111). By atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultrahigh vacuum, we follow the temperature-dependent behavior between 110 and 300 K at defined coverages. We initially observe the formation of a wetting layer with a thickness of ∼0.37 nm with anions and cations arranged in a checkerboard structure. Stable AFM imaging up to 280 K allows us to follow the IL growing on top of the wetting layer in bilayers with an average thickness of ∼0.71 nm, that is, double the height of the wetting layer, in a bilayer-by-bilayer fashion. This growth behavior is independently confirmed from the surface morphology, as deduced from AFM and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High-resolution AFM images at 110 K allow for identifying the molecular surface structure of the bilayers as a striped phase, which is one of the phases also seen for the wetting layer (Meusel, M.; Lexow, M.; Gezmis, A.; Schotz, S.; Wagner, M.; Bayer, A.; Maier, F.; Steinrück, H. P. Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Ordered Ionic Liquid Wetting Layers from 110 K up to Room Temperature. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 9000-9010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Meusel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Afra Gezmis
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Su P, Guo S, Roys S, Maier F, Bhat H, Melhem ER, Gandhi D, Gullapalli RP, Zhuo J. Transcranial MR Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound Interventions Using Deep Learning Synthesized CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1841-1848. [PMID: 32883668 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transcranial MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound is a promising novel technique to treat multiple disorders and diseases. Planning for transcranial MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound requires both a CT scan for skull density estimation and treatment-planning simulation and an MR imaging for target identification. It is desirable to simplify the clinical workflow of transcranial MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of deep learning techniques to convert MR imaging ultrashort TE images directly to synthetic CT of the skull images for use in transcranial MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS The U-Net neural network was trained and tested on data obtained from 41 subjects (mean age, 66.4 ± 11.0 years; 15 women). The derived neural network model was evaluated using a k-fold cross-validation method. Derived acoustic properties were verified by comparing the whole skull-density ratio from deep learning synthesized CT of the skull with the reference CT of the skull. In addition, acoustic and temperature simulations were performed using the deep learning CT to predict the target temperature rise during transcranial MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound. RESULTS The derived deep learning model generates synthetic CT of the skull images that are highly comparable with the true CT of the skull images. Their intensities in Hounsfield units have a spatial correlation coefficient of 0.80 ± 0.08, a mean absolute error of 104.57 ± 21.33 HU, and a subject-wise correlation coefficient of 0.91. Furthermore, deep learning CT of the skull is reliable in the skull-density ratio estimation (r = 0.96). A simulation study showed that both the peak target temperatures and temperature distribution from deep learning CT are comparable with those of the reference CT. CONCLUSIONS The deep learning method can be used to simplify workflow associated with transcranial MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Su
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.S., S.G., S.R., E.R.M., D.G., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Siemens Medical Solutions USA (P.S., H.B.), Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - S Guo
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.S., S.G., S.R., E.R.M., D.G., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Metabolic Imaging and Therapeutics (S.G., S.R., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S Roys
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.S., S.G., S.R., E.R.M., D.G., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Metabolic Imaging and Therapeutics (S.G., S.R., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - F Maier
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH (F.M.), Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Bhat
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA (P.S., H.B.), Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - E R Melhem
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.S., S.G., S.R., E.R.M., D.G., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D Gandhi
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.S., S.G., S.R., E.R.M., D.G., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R P Gullapalli
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.S., S.G., S.R., E.R.M., D.G., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Metabolic Imaging and Therapeutics (S.G., S.R., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J Zhuo
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.S., S.G., S.R., E.R.M., D.G., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland .,Center for Metabolic Imaging and Therapeutics (S.G., S.R., R.G., J.Z.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bhuin RG, Winter L, Lexow M, Maier F, Steinrück H. Die dynamische Wechselwirkung von
n
‐Butan mit Imidazolium‐basierten ionischen Flüssigkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha G. Bhuin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Leonhard Winter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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28
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Bhuin RG, Winter L, Lexow M, Maier F, Steinrück HP. On the Dynamic Interaction of n-Butane with Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14429-14433. [PMID: 32428352 PMCID: PMC7496159 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of a reactant from the gas phase on the surface of a liquid and its transfer through this gas/liquid interface are crucial for various concepts applying ionic liquids (ILs) in catalysis. We investigated the first step of the adsorption dynamics of n-butane on a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ILs ([Cn C1 Im][Tf2 N]; n=1, 2, 3, 8). Using a supersonic molecular beam in ultra-high vacuum, the trapping of n-butane on the frozen ILs was determined as a function of surface temperature, between 90 and 125 K. On the C8 - and C3 -ILs, n-butane adsorbs at 90 K with an initial trapping probability of ≈0.89. The adsorption energy increases with increasing length of the IL alkyl chain, whereas the ionic headgroups seem to interact only weakly with n-butane. The absence of adsorption on the C1 - and C2 -ILs is attributed to a too short residence time on the IL surface to form nuclei for condensation even at 90 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha G Bhuin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonhard Winter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Meusel M, Lexow M, Gezmis A, Schötz S, Wagner M, Bayer A, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Ordered Ionic Liquid Wetting Layers from 110 K up to Room Temperature. ACS Nano 2020; 14:9000-9010. [PMID: 32609482 PMCID: PMC7391993 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are used as ultrathin films in many applications. We studied the nanoscale arrangement within the first layer of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C1C1Im] [Tf2N]) on Au(111) between 400 and 110 K in ultrahigh vacuum by scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy with molecular resolution. Compared to earlier studies on similar ILs, a different behavior is observed, which we attribute to the small size and symmetrical shape of the cation: (a) In both AFM and STM only the anions are imaged; (b) only long-range-ordered but no amorphous phases are observed; (c) the hexagonal room-temperature phase melts 30-50 K above the IL's bulk melting point; (d) at 110 K, striped and hexagonal superstructures with two and three ion pairs per unit cell, respectively, are found. AFM turned out to be more stable at higher temperature, while STM revealed more details at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Meusel
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Afra Gezmis
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Schötz
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margareta Wagner
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Heller BS, Paap U, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Pronounced surface enrichment of fluorinated ionic liquids in binary mixtures with methoxy-functionalized ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Heller BSJ, Lexow M, Greco F, Shin S, Partl G, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Temperature-Dependent Surface Enrichment Effects in Binary Mixtures of Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2020; 26:1117-1126. [PMID: 31633251 PMCID: PMC7027538 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS), we investigate the topmost nanometers of various binary ionic liquid (IL) mixtures at different temperatures in the liquid state. The mixtures consist of ILs with the same [PF6 ]- anion but two different cations, namely 3-methyl-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [PFBMIm][PF6 ], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C4 C1 Im][PF6 ], with 10, 25, 50 and 75 mol % content of [PFBMIm][PF6 ]. We observe a preferential enrichment of the fluorinated chain in the topmost layer, relative to the bulk composition, which is most pronounced for the lowest content of [PFBMIm][PF6 ]. Upon cooling the mixtures stepwise from 95 °C until surface charging effects in XPS indicate solidification, we observe a pronounced increase in surface enrichment of the fluorinated chain with decreasing temperature in the liquid state. In contrast to the mixtures with lower [PFBMIm][PF6 ] contents, cooling the 75 mol % mixture additionally shows an abrupt decrease of the fluorinated chain signal before complete solidification occurs, which is assigned to partial precipitation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina S J Heller
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesco Greco
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sunghwan Shin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Partl
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Lexow M, Massicot S, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Stability and Exchange Processes in Ionic Liquid/Porphyrin Composite Films on Metal Surfaces. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2019; 123:29708-29721. [PMID: 31867088 PMCID: PMC6913898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In light of increasing interest in the development of organic-organic multicomponent heterostructures on metals, this molecular-scale study investigates prototypical composite systems of ultrathin porphyrin and ionic liquid (IL) films on metallic supports under well-defined ultrahigh vacuum conditions. By means of angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we investigated the adsorption, stability, and thermal exchange of the resulting films after sequential physical vapor deposition of the free-base porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, 2H-TPP, and the IL 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C8C1Im][PF6], on Ag(111) and Au(111). 2H-TPP shows two-dimensional growth of up to two closed molecular layers on Ag(111) and Au(111) and three-dimensional island growth for thicker films. IL films on top of a monolayer of 2H-TPP exhibit Stranski-Krastanov-like growth and are stable up to 385 K. The 2H-TPP layer leads to destabilization of the IL films, compared to the IL in direct contact with the bare metals, by inhibiting the specific adsorption of the ions on the metal surfaces. When the porphyrin is deposited on top of [C8C1Im][PF6] at low temperature, the 2H-TPP molecules adsorb on top of the IL film at first but replace the IL at the IL/metal interfaces upon heating above 240 K. This exchange process is most likely driven by the higher adsorption energy of 2H-TPP on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces, as compared to the IL. The behavior observed on Ag(111) and Au(111) is identical. The results are highly relevant for the stability of porphyrin/IL-based thin film catalyst systems and molecular devices, and more generally, stacked organic multilayer architectures.
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33
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Greco F, Shin S, Williams FJ, Heller BSJ, Maier F, Steinrück H. Potential Screening at Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces from In Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1365-1368. [PMID: 31844602 PMCID: PMC6892450 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach to investigate potential screening at the interface of ionic liquids (ILs) and charged electrodes in a two-electrode electrochemical cell by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been introduced. Using identical electrodes, we deduce the potential screening at the working and the counter electrodes as a function of applied voltage from the potential change of the bulk IL, as derived from corresponding core level binding energy shifts for different IL/electrode combinations. For imidazolium-based ILs and Pt electrodes, we find a significantly larger potential screening at the anode than at the cathode, which we attribute to strong attractive interactions between the imidazolium cation and Pt. In the absence of specific ion/electrode interactions, asymmetric potential screening only occurs for ILs with different cation and anion sizes as demonstrated for an imidazolium chloride IL and Au electrodes, which we assign to the different thicknesses of the electrical double layers. Our results imply that potential screening in ILs is mainly established by a single layer of counterions at the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sunghwan Shin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Federico J. Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE-CONICETUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad UniversitariaPabellón 2Buenos AiresC1428EHAArgentina
| | - Bettina S. J. Heller
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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34
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Greco F, Shin S, Williams FJ, Heller BSJ, Maier F, Steinrück H. Cover Feature: Potential Screening at Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces from In Situ X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ChemistryOpen 12/2019). Chemistry 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/open.201900332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sunghwan Shin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Federico J. Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE-CONICETUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2 Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
| | - Bettina S. J. Heller
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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35
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Weckbach LT, Kassem S, Maier F, Hamm W, Schüttler D, Kellnar A, Lackermair K, Brunner S. Impact of Acute Altitude Exposure on Lactate Threshold. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:322-323. [PMID: 31483173 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig T Weckbach
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.,German Cardiovascular Research Center (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sari Kassem
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamm
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Kellnar
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Korbinian Lackermair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.,German Cardiovascular Research Center (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Cardiology, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Maier F, Lewis CG, Pierce DM. Through-thickness patterns of shear strain evolve in early osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1382-1391. [PMID: 31121293 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the structural changes associated with the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA), we hypothesized that patterns of through-thickness, large-strain shear evolve with early-stage OA. We therefore aimed to determine whether and how patterns of shear strains change during early-stage OA to 1) gain insight into the progression of OA by quantifying changes in local deformations; 2) gauge the potential of patterns in shear strain to serve as image-based biomarkers of early-stage OA; and 3) provide high-resolution, through-thickness data for proposing, fitting, and validating constitutive models for cartilage. DESIGN We completed displacement-driven, large-strain shear tests (5, 10, 15%) on 44 specimens of variably advanced osteoarthritic human articular cartilage as determined by both Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grade and PLM-CO score. We recorded the through-thickness deformations with a stereo-camera system and processed these data using digital image correlation (DIC) to determine full-thickness patterns of strains and relative zonal recruitments, i.e., the average shear strain in a through-thickness zone weighted by its relative thickness and normalized by the applied strain. RESULTS We observed three general shapes for the curves of averaged through-thickness, Green-Lagrange shear strains during progression of OA. We also observed that during the progression of OA only the deep zone is recruited differently under shear in a statistically significant way. CONCLUSIONS We propose that changes in through-thickness patterns of shear strain could provide sensitive biomarkers for early clinical detection of OA. The relative zonal recruitment of the deep zone decreases with progressing OA (OARSI grade) and microstructural remodeling (PLM-CO score), which do not consistently affect recruitment of the superficial and middle zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maier
- University of Connecticut, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - C G Lewis
- Hartford Healthcare, Bone & Joint Institute, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D M Pierce
- University of Connecticut, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA; University of Connecticut, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Maier F, Lewis CG, Pierce DM. The evolving large-strain shear responses of progressively osteoarthritic human cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:810-822. [PMID: 30660720 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The composition and structure of articular cartilage evolves during the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) resulting in changing mechanical responses. We aimed to assess the evolution of the intrinsic, large-strain mechanics of human articular cartilage-governed by collagen and proteoglycan and their interactions-during the progression of OA. DESIGN We completed quasi-static, large-strain shear tests on 64 specimens from ten donors undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and quantified the corresponding state of OA (OARSI grade), structural integrity (PLM score), and composition (glycosaminoglycan and collagen content). RESULTS We observed nonlinear stress-strain relationships with distinct hystereses for all magnitudes of applied strain where stiffnesses, nonlinearities, and hystereses all reduced as OA advanced. We found a reduction in energy dissipation density up to 80% in severely degenerated (OARSI grade 4, OA-4) vs normal (OA-1) cartilage, and more importantly, we found that even cartilage with a normal appearance in structure and composition (OA-1) dissipated 50% less energy than healthy (control) load-bearing cartilage (HL0). Changes in stresses and stiffnesses were in general less pronounced and did not allow us to distinguish between healthy load-bearing controls and very early-stage OA (OA-1), or to distinguish consistently among different levels of degeneration, i.e., OARSI grades. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that reductions in energy dissipation density can be detected by bulk-tissue testing, and that these reductions precede visible signs of degeneration. We highlight the potential of energy dissipation, as opposed to stress- or stiffness-based measures, as a marker to diagnose early-stage OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maier
- University of Connecticut, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - C G Lewis
- Hartford Healthcare, Bone & Joint Institute, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D M Pierce
- University of Connecticut, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA; University of Connecticut, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA.
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38
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Lloret V, Rivero-Crespo MÁ, Vidal-Moya JA, Wild S, Doménech-Carbó A, Heller BSJ, Shin S, Steinrück HP, Maier F, Hauke F, Varela M, Hirsch A, Leyva-Pérez A, Abellán G. Few layer 2D pnictogens catalyze the alkylation of soft nucleophiles with esters. Nat Commun 2019; 10:509. [PMID: 30705264 PMCID: PMC6355817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state (P, As, Sb and Bi), also called pnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties associated in preparing well–structured and stable materials. Here, we report on the synthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zero oxidation state, suspended in an ionic liquid, with the native atoms ready to interact with external reagents while avoiding aerobic or aqueous decomposition pathways, and on their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation of nucleophiles with esters. The few layer pnictogen material circumvents the extremely harsh reaction conditions associated to previous superacid–catalyzed alkylations, by enabling an alternative mechanism on surface, protected from the water and air by the ionic liquid. These 2D catalysts allow the alkylation of a variety of acid–sensitive organic molecules and giving synthetic relevancy to the use of simple esters as alkylating agents. Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state, also called pnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties in preparation. Here, the authors report on the synthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zero oxidation state, and their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation of nucleophiles with esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Lloret
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Rivero-Crespo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Alejandro Vidal-Moya
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefan Wild
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bettina S J Heller
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sunghwan Shin
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Maria Varela
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany. .,Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Lexow M, Heller BSJ, Partl G, Bhuin RG, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Cation Exchange at the Interfaces of Ultrathin Films of Fluorous Ionic Liquids on Ag(111). Langmuir 2019; 35:398-405. [PMID: 30540199 PMCID: PMC6377181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the context of applications with thin ionic liquid (IL) films on solid supports, we studied the ion distribution within mixed thin IL films by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After the deposition of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C8C1Im][PF6], on top of a wetting layer (WL) of 3-methyl-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [PFBMIm][PF6], on Ag(111) at room temperature (RT), we find a preferential enrichment of the [PFBMIm]+ cation at the IL/vacuum interface. In a similar deposition experiment at 82 K, this cation exchange at the IL/solid interface does not occur. Upon heating the film from 82 K to RT, we observe the replacement of [C8C1Im]+ by [PFBMIm]+ at the IL/vacuum interface between ∼160 and ∼220 K. No further changes in the surface composition were observed between 220 K and RT. Upon further heating the mixed IL film, we find the complete desorption of [PFBMIm][PF6] from the mixed film below 410 K, leaving a WL of pure [C8C1Im][PF6] on Ag(111), which desorbs until 455 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- M.L.: E-mail,
| | - Bettina S. J. Heller
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Partl
- Institut
für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Radha G. Bhuin
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- H.-P.S.: E-mail,
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May B, Lexow M, Taccardi N, Steinrück HP, Maier F. Reactions of a Polyhalide Ionic Liquid with Copper, Silver, and Gold. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:15-22. [PMID: 30622879 PMCID: PMC6317927 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions of copper, silver, and gold with the imidazolium‐based polyhalide ionic liquid (IL) [C6C1Im][Br2I] were investigated by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), weight‐loss measurements, and gas‐phase mass spectrometry. All three Group 11 metals are strongly corroded by the IL at moderate temperatures to give a very high content of dissolved CuI, AgI, and AuI species. The IL–metal solutions are stable against contact with water and air. The replacement of imidazolium with inorganic sodium cations decreased metal corrosion rates by orders of magnitude. Our results clearly indicate metal oxidation by iodide from dibromoiodide anions to form molecular iodine and anionic [Br‐MI‐Br]− (M=Cu, Ag, Au) complexes stabilized by imidazolium counterions. From experiments with a trihalide IL with imidazolium methylated at the 2‐position, we ruled out the formation of imidazole–carbene as a cause of the observed corrosion. In contrast to Group 11 metals, molybdenum is inert against the trihalide IL, which is attributed to surface passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin May
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Dolde K, Dávid C, Echner G, Floca R, Hentschke C, Maier F, Niebuhr N, Ohmstedt K, Saito N, Alimusaj M, Fluegel B, Naumann P, Dreher C, Freitag M, Pfaffenberger A. 4DMRI-based analysis of inter— and intrafractional pancreas motion and deformation with different immobilization devices. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf9ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The Cover Feature shows how coinage metals such as gold, silver, and copper are rapidly dissolved under mild and safe conditions by the ionic liquid 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidiazolim dibromoiodide ([C6C1Im][Br2I]), forming metal(I)–dibromo anionic complexes together with molecular iodine, as proven by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etching experiments, and gas‐phase analysis. Trihalide ionic liquids are shown to be promising candidates for precious‐metal etching and leaching media, and may also open new possibilities for Au(I) catalysis. More information can be found in the Full Paper by F. Maier and co‐workers on page 15 in Issue 1, 2019 (DOI: 10.1002/open.201800149).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin May
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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43
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Lexow M, Heller BSJ, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Anion Exchange at the Liquid/Solid Interface of Ultrathin Ionic Liquid Films on Ag(111). Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2978-2984. [PMID: 30193005 PMCID: PMC6282575 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thin ionic liquid (IL) films play an important role in many applications. To obtain a better understanding of the ion distribution within IL mixture films, we sequentially deposited ultrathin layers of two ILs with the same cation but different anions onto Ag(111), and monitored their dynamic behaviour by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Upon depositing [C8C1Im][PF6] on top of a wetting layer of [C8C1Im][Tf2N] at room temperature (RT), we found a pronounced enrichment of the [Tf2N]− anions at the IL/vacuum interface, due to a rapid anion exchange at the IL/solid interface. In contrast, at 90 K, the [Tf2N]− anions remain at the IL/solid interface. Upon heating, we observe a rearrangement of the cations between 140 and 160 K, such that the octyl chains preferentially point towards the vacuum. Above 170 K, the ions start to become mobile, and at 220 K, the anion exchange is completed, with the [Tf2N]− anions enriched at the IL/vacuum interface in the same way as found for deposition at RT. The temperature range for the anion exchange corresponds well to glass transition temperatures reported in literature. We propose two driving forces to be cooperatively responsible for the replacement/exchange of [Tf2N]− at the IL/solid interface and its enrichment at the IL/vacuum interface. First, the adsorption energy of [C8C1Im][PF6] is significantly larger than that of [C8C1Im][Tf2N], and second, the surface tension of [C8C1Im][Tf2N] is lower than that of [C8C1Im][PF6].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bettina S J Heller
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Heller BSJ, Kolbeck C, Niedermaier I, Dommer S, Schatz J, Hunt P, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Surface Enrichment in Equimolar Mixtures of Non-Functionalized and Functionalized Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1733-1745. [PMID: 29645340 PMCID: PMC6175172 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For equimolar mixtures of ionic liquids with imidazolium‐based cations of very different electronic structure, we observe very pronounced surface enrichment effects by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For a mixture with the same anion, that is, 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate+1,3‐di(methoxy)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8C1Im][PF6]+[(MeO)2Im][PF6]), we find a strong enrichment of the octyl chain‐containing [C8C1Im]+ cation and a corresponding depletion of the [(MeO)2Im]+ cation in the topmost layer. For a mixture with different cations and anions, that is, [C8C1Im][Tf2N]+[(MeO)2Im][PF6], we find both surface enrichment of the [C8C1Im]+ cation and the [Tf2N]− (bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) anion, while [(MeO)2Im]+ and [PF6]− are depleted from the surface. We propose that the observed behavior in these mixtures is due to a lowering of the surface tension by the enriched components. Interestingly, we observe pronounced differences in the chemical shifts of the imidazolium ring signals of the [(MeO)2Im]+ cations as compared to the non‐functionalized cations. Calculations of the electronic structure and the intramolecular partial charge distribution of the cations contribute to interpreting these shifts for the two different cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina S J Heller
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Kolbeck
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Inga Niedermaier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Dommer
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schatz
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Hunt
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, SW72AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Lexow M, Talwar T, Heller BSJ, May B, Bhuin RG, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Time-dependent changes in the growth of ultrathin ionic liquid films on Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12929-12938. [PMID: 29701209 PMCID: PMC5944385 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time dependent changes of IL film morphology depend on their molecular structure.
Various amounts of the ionic liquids (ILs) [C1C1Im][Tf2N] and [C8C1Im][Tf2N] were deposited in vacuo by physical vapour deposition (PVD) on single crystalline Ag(111) at room temperature and subsequently monitored by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) as a function of time. For very low coverages of up to one closed molecular layer, an initial wetting layer was rapidly formed for both ILs. Deposition of higher amounts of [C1C1Im][Tf2N] revealed an initial three-dimensional film morphology. On the time scale of hours, characteristic changes of the XPS signals were observed. These are interpreted as island spreading and a transformation towards a nearly two dimensional [C1C1Im][Tf2N] film as the final state. In contrast, a film morphology close to 2D was found from the very beginning for [C8C1Im][Tf2N] deposited on Ag(111) demonstrating the influence of the alkyl chain length on the growth kinetics. These studies also highlight the suitability of time-resolved ARXPS for the investigation of IL/solid interfaces, which play a crucial role in IL thin film applications such as in catalysis, sensor, lubrication, and coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lexow
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Shimizu K, Heller BSJ, Maier F, Steinrück HP, Canongia Lopes JN. Probing the Surface Tension of Ionic Liquids Using the Langmuir Principle. Langmuir 2018; 34:4408-4416. [PMID: 29485882 PMCID: PMC5911805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At 298 K, the surface tension of ionic liquids (ILs) of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide series, [C nC1Im][NTf2], ranges from around 35 mN·m-1 for [C2C1Im][NTf2] to just below 30 mN·m-1 for [C12C1Im][NTf2]. However, the decrease rate along the series is not constant: a large decrease from [C2C1Im][NTf2] to [C8C1Im][NTf2] is followed by almost constant values from [C8C1Im][NTf2] to [C12C1Im][NTf2]. Such behavior is hard to interpret from a molecular point of view without suitable information about the free-surface structure of the different ILs. In this work, we have successfully used the Langmuir principle in combination with structural data obtained from angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, to predict the correct surface tension trend along the IL series. The concepts unveiled for this particular homologous IL family can be easily extended to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Shimizu
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bettina S. J. Heller
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl
für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - José N. Canongia Lopes
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Emmerich J, Laun FB, Pfaffenberger A, Schilling R, Denoix M, Maier F, Sterzing F, Bostel T, Straub S. Technical Note: On the size of susceptibility-induced MR image distortions in prostate and cervix in the context of MR-guided radiation therapy. Med Phys 2018; 45:1586-1593. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Emmerich
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frederik B. Laun
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
| | - Asja Pfaffenberger
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Michael Denoix
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florian Sterzing
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology; Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tilman Bostel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- National Center for Research in Radiation Oncology; Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sina Straub
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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Platt T, Umathum R, Fiedler TM, Nagel AM, Bitz AK, Maier F, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Wielpütz MO, Kauczor HU, Behl NG. In vivo self-gated 23
Na MRI at 7 T using an oval-shaped body resonator. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Platt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Reiner Umathum
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas M. Fiedler
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas K. Bitz
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology; University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Eupener Str. 70; 52066 Aachen Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark O. Wielpütz
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC); University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine; Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstr. 1; 69126 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC); University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine; Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstr. 1; 69126 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G.R. Behl
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Abbott A, Addicoat M, Aldous L, Bhuin RG, Borisenko N, Canongia Lopes JN, Clark R, Coles S, Costa Gomes M, Cross B, Everts J, Firestone M, Gardas R, Gras M, Halstead S, Hardacre C, Holbrey J, Itoh T, Ivaništšev V, Jacquemin J, Jessop P, Jones R, Kirchner B, Li S, Lynden-Bell R, MacFarlane D, Maier F, Mezger M, Pádua A, Pavel OD, Perkin S, Purcell S, Rutland M, Slattery JM, Suzer S, Tamura K, Thomas ML, Tiwari S, Tsuzuki S, Uralcan B, Wallace W, Watanabe M, Wishart J. Ionic liquids at interfaces: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2018; 206:549-586. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rabah S, Assila A, Khouri E, Maier F, Ababsa F, bourny V, Maier P, Mérienne F. Towards improving the future of manufacturing through digital twin and augmented reality technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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