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Pacholski R, Durka K, Buchalski P. Synthesis and crystal structure of an iron triazole complex resulting from the unexpected ligand cleavage of a triazolium carbene precursor. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:S2053229624002973. [PMID: 38607673 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Typically reactions of N-heterocyclic carbenes with transition metals are straightforward and require a carbene salt, a base strong enough to deprotonate such a salt and a metal. Yet when carbene precursors are in the form of triazolium salts, reaction may not proceed as easily as expected. In our work, we intended to obtain a triazolylidene complex of iron(II) chloride, but due to the presence of small amounts of water in the tetrahydrofuran solvent used, bis(acetonitrile)tetrakis(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κN4)iron(II) μ-oxido-bis[trichloridoferrate(III)] acetonitrile disolvate, [Fe(C9H9N3)4(CH3CN)2][Fe2Cl6O]·2CH3CN - an interesting anion with a linear geometry of the O atom - was formed instead of the iron carbene complex. Reaction proceeded via cleavage of the alkyl N-substituent of the triazolium salt. The formation of the product was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure and possible reaction pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pacholski
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durka
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Buchalski
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Kreutzer J. Borates expand their reduction power. Commun Chem 2024; 7:92. [PMID: 38664475 PMCID: PMC11045742 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
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3
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Mathialagan SK, Parreiras SO, Tenorio M, Černa L, Moreno D, Muñiz-Cano B, Navío C, Valvidares M, Valbuena MA, Urgel JI, Gargiani P, Miranda R, Camarero J, Martínez JI, Gallego JM, Écija D. On-Surface Synthesis of Organolanthanide Sandwich Complexes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2308125. [PMID: 38610109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of lanthanide-based organometallic sandwich compounds is very appealing regarding their potential for single-molecule magnetism. Here, it is exploited by on-surface synthesis to design unprecedented lanthanide-directed organometallic sandwich complexes on Au(111). The reported compounds consist of Dy or Er atoms sandwiched between partially deprotonated hexahydroxybenzene molecules, thus introducing a distinct family of homoleptic organometallic sandwiches based on six-membered ring ligands. Their structural, electronic, and magnetic properties are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray linear and circular magnetic dichroism, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory-based calculations. Both lanthanide complexes self-assemble in close-packed islands featuring a hexagonal lattice. It is unveiled that, despite exhibiting analogous self-assembly, the erbium-based species is magnetically isotropic, whereas the dysprosium-based compound features an in-plane magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia O Parreiras
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Maria Tenorio
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Lenka Černa
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Brno University of Technology, Brno, 60190, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Beatriz Muñiz-Cano
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Navío
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A Valbuena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Unidad de Nanomateriales Avanzados, IMDEA Nanoscience, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el ICMM, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Julio Camarero
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Unidad de Nanomateriales Avanzados, IMDEA Nanoscience, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el ICMM, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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4
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Fan J, Koh AP, Wu CS, Su MD, So CW. Carbon dioxide capture and functionalization by bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-borylene complexes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3052. [PMID: 38594261 PMCID: PMC11003992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of free monocoordinated borylenes have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to exhibit transition-metal-like reactivity, in particular small molecules capture. However, such complexes are rare as the formation is either endergonic, or the resulting adduct is a transient intermediate that is prone to reaction. Here, we present the synthesis of two bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-borylene complexes capable of capturing and functionalizing carbon dioxide. The capture and subsequent functionalization of CO2 by the bis(NHC)-disilylamidoborylene 1 is demonstrated by the formation of the bis(NHC)-isocyanatoborylene-carbon dioxide complex 3. Reversible capture of CO2 is observed using the bis(NHC)-mesitylborylene 2, and the persistent bis(NHC)-mesitylborylene-carbon dioxide adduct 4 can be stabilized by hydrogen bonding with boric acid. The reactions of 4 with ammonia-borane and aniline demonstrate that the captured CO2 can be further functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - An-Ping Koh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chi-Shiun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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5
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Li H, Yao J, Xu G, Yiu SM, Siu CK, Wang Z, Peng YK, Xie Y, Wang Y, Lu Z. Reduction of Li + within a borate anion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2590. [PMID: 38519505 PMCID: PMC10960030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Group 1 elements exhibit the lowest electronegativity values in the Periodic Table. The chemical reduction of Group 1 metal cations M+ to M(0) is extremely challenging. Common tetraaryl borates demonstrate limited redox properties and are prone to decomposition upon oxidation. In this study, by employing simple yet versatile bipyridines as ligands, we synthesized a series of redox-active borate anions characterized by NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Notably, the borate anion can realize the reduction of Li+, generating elemental lithium metal and boron radical, thereby demonstrating its potent reducing ability. Furthermore, it can serve as a powerful two-electron-reducing reagent and be readily applied in various reductive homo-coupling reactions and Birch reduction of acridine. Additionally, this borate anion demonstrates its catalytic ability in the selective two-electron reduction of CO2 into CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Gan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yung-Kang Peng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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6
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Houtsma RSK, van Nyendaal F, Stöhr M. Kinetic control over the chiral-selectivity in the formation of organometallic polymers on a Ag(110) surface. Commun Chem 2024; 7:51. [PMID: 38443451 PMCID: PMC10914819 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods to control chiral-selectivity in molecular reactions through external inputs are of importance, both from a fundamental and technological point of view. Here, the self-assembly of prochiral 6,12-dibromochrysene monomers on Ag(110) is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. Deposition of the monomers on a substrate held at room temperature leads to the formation of 1D achiral organometallic polymers. When the monomers are instead deposited on a substrate held at 373 K, homochiral organometallic polymers consisting of either the left- or right-handed enantiomer are formed. Post-deposition annealing of room temperature deposited samples at >373 K does not transform the achiral 1D organometallic polymers into homochiral ones and thus, does not yield the same final structure as if depositing onto a substrate held at the same elevated temperature. Furthermore, annealing promotes neither the formation of 1D covalently-coupled polymers nor the formation of graphene nanoribbons. Our results identify substrate temperature as an important factor in on-surface chiral synthesis, thereby demonstrating the importance of considering kinetic effects and the decisive role they can play in structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Koen Houtsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris van Nyendaal
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Lee W, Li L, Camarasa-Gómez M, Hernangómez-Pérez D, Roy X, Evers F, Inkpen MS, Venkataraman L. Photooxidation driven formation of Fe-Au linked ferrocene-based single-molecule junctions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1439. [PMID: 38365892 PMCID: PMC10873316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-metal contacts, though not yet widely realized, may provide exciting opportunities to serve as tunable and functional interfaces in single-molecule devices. One of the simplest components which might facilitate such binding interactions is the ferrocene group. Notably, direct bonds between the ferrocene iron center and metals such as Pd or Co have been demonstrated in molecular complexes comprising coordinating ligands attached to the cyclopentadienyl rings. Here, we demonstrate that ferrocene-based single-molecule devices with Fe-Au interfacial contact geometries form at room temperature in the absence of supporting coordinating ligands. Applying a photoredox reaction, we propose that ferrocene only functions effectively as a contact group when oxidized, binding to gold through a formal Fe3+ center. This observation is further supported by a series of control measurements and density functional theory calculations. Our findings extend the scope of junction contact chemistries beyond those involving main group elements, lay the foundation for light switchable ferrocene-based single-molecule devices, and highlight new potential mechanistic function(s) of unsubstituted ferrocenium groups in synthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - María Camarasa-Gómez
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Ferdinand Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael S Inkpen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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8
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Sinhababu S, Singh RP, Radzhabov MR, Kumawat J, Ess DH, Mankad NP. Coordination-induced O-H/N-H bond weakening by a redox non-innocent, aluminum-containing radical. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1315. [PMID: 38351122 PMCID: PMC10864259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several renewable energy schemes aim to use the chemical bonds in abundant molecules like water and ammonia as energy reservoirs. Because the O-H and N-H bonds are quite strong (>100 kcal/mol), it is necessary to identify substances that dramatically weaken these bonds to facilitate proton-coupled electron transfer processes required for energy conversion. Usually this is accomplished through coordination-induced bond weakening by redox-active metals. However, coordination-induced bond weakening is difficult with earth's most abundant metal, aluminum, because of its redox inertness under mild conditions. Here, we report a system that uses aluminum with a redox non-innocent ligand to achieve significant levels of coordination-induced bond weakening of O-H and N-H bonds. The multisite proton-coupled electron transfer manifold described here points to redox non-innocent ligands as a design element to open coordination-induced bond weakening chemistry to more elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Maxim R Radzhabov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jugal Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84604, UT, USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84604, UT, USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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Liu X, McPherson JN, Andersen CE, Jørgensen MSB, Larsen RW, Yutronkie NJ, Wilhelm F, Rogalev A, Giménez-Marqués M, Mínguez Espallargas G, Göb CR, Pedersen KS. A zero-valent palladium cluster-organic framework. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1177. [PMID: 38331922 PMCID: PMC10853280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquiring spatial control of nanoscopic metal clusters is central to their function as efficient multi-electron catalysts. However, dispersing metal clusters on surfaces or in porous hosts is accompanied by an intrinsic heterogeneity that hampers detailed understanding of the chemical structure and its relation to reactivities. Tethering pre-assembled molecular metal clusters into polymeric, crystalline 2D or 3D networks constitutes an unproven approach to realizing ordered arrays of chemically well-defined metal clusters. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a {Pd3} cluster-based organometallic framework from a molecular triangulo-Pd3(CNXyl)6 (Xyl = xylyl; Pd3) cluster under chemically mild conditions. The formally zero-valent Pd3 cluster readily engages in a complete ligand exchange when exposed to a similar, ditopic isocyanide ligand, resulting in polymerization into a 2D coordination network (Pd3-MOF). The structure of Pd3-MOF could be unambiguously determined by continuous rotation 3D electron diffraction (3D-ED) experiments to a resolution of ~1.0 Å (>99% completeness), showcasing the applicability of 3D-ED to nanocrystalline, organometallic polymers. Pd3-MOF displays Pd03 cluster nodes, which possess significant thermal and aerobic stability, and activity towards hydrogenation catalysis. Importantly, the realization of Pd3-MOF paves the way for the exploitation of metal clusters as building blocks for rigidly interlocked metal nanoparticles at the molecular limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - James N McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Carl Emil Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mike S B Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - René Wugt Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nathan J Yutronkie
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Wilhelm
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andrei Rogalev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mónica Giménez-Marqués
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Christian R Göb
- Rigaku Europe SE, Hugenottenallee 167, 63263, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Kasper S Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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10
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Guan F, Wen J. Flash Organometallic Catalysis Uncovered by Continuous Microfluidic Devices. Chempluschem 2024:e202300646. [PMID: 38291001 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The flash organometallic catalysis is a new concept that refers to the study of fast and controlled organometallic catalytic reactions by using microfluidic devices. Flash reactions' kinetics (ms-s scale) is often ignored due to the lack of proper research tool in organometallic chemistry. The development of microfluidic systems offers the opportunity to discover under-studied mechanisms and new reactions. In this concept, the basic theory of kinetic measurement in a microreactor is briefly reviewed and then two examples on studying flash organometallic catalytic transformation are introduced. One example is the discovery of a highly active palladium catalytic species for Suzuki Coupling and the other example is the study of a neglected isomerization catalytic cycle with a time scale of seconds before isomerization-hydroformylation by customized microfluidic devices. The last part is summary and prospect of this new area. Customizing a microfluidic device with good engineering design for a target reaction supports flash reactions' kinetic experimentation and could become a general strategy in chemistry lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfu Guan
- Department of Chemical Process R&D, Lianyungang Institute of Research, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 7 Kunlunshan Road, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Jialin Wen
- Department of Chemical Process R&D, Lianyungang Institute of Research, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 7 Kunlunshan Road, Lianyungang, 222000, China
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11
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Yang B, Picchetti P, Wang Y, Wang W, Seeger C, Bozov K, Malik S, Mallach D, Schäfer AH, Ibrahim M, Hirtz M, Powell AK. Patterned immobilization of polyoxometalate-loaded mesoporous silica particles via amine-ene Michael additions on alkene functionalized surfaces. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1249. [PMID: 38218940 PMCID: PMC10787769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POM) are anionic oxoclusters of early transition metals that are of great interest for a variety of applications, including the development of sensors and catalysts. A crucial step in the use of POM in functional materials is the production of composites that can be further processed into complex materials, e.g. by printing on different substrates. In this work, we present an immobilization approach for POMs that involves two key processes: first, the stable encapsulation of POMs in the pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSPs) and, second, the formation of microstructured arrays with these POM-loaded nanoparticles. Specifically, we have developed a strategy that leads to water-stable, POM-loaded mesoporous silica that can be covalently linked to alkene-bearing surfaces by amine-Michael addition and patterned into microarrays by scanning probe lithography (SPL). The immobilization strategy presented facilitates the printing of hybrid POM-loaded nanomaterials onto different surfaces and provides a versatile method for the fabrication of POM-based composites. Importantly, POM-loaded MSPs are useful in applications such as microfluidic systems and sensors that require frequent washing. Overall, this method is a promising way to produce surface-printed POM arrays that can be used for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingquan Yang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yangxin Wang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu Road(S) 30, 211816, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christoph Seeger
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kliment Bozov
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sharali Malik
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dennis Mallach
- nanoAnalytics GmbH, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Masooma Ibrahim
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Annie K Powell
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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12
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Abd El-Zahir MS, Soliman MHA, ELKady HA, El-Sakka SSA, Orabi AS. New inorganic inhibitors derived from cefotaxime to enhance corrosion resistance of mild steel in 3% NaCl. Sci Rep 2024; 14:950. [PMID: 38200055 PMCID: PMC10781992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To overcome the threat of corrosion and its cost, a new Schiff base was prepared and utilized to synthesize inorganic inhibitors to enhance corrosion resistance and reduce current density. The Schiff base was obtained from the interaction of cefotaxime with acetylacetone, while 1H NMR and IR spectra were used to confirm the preparation. Moreover, FeIII, CoII, NiII and CuII metal salts were reacted with the Schiff base to give the corresponding complexes. Meanwhile, the non-ionic behavior of the observed complexes in solutions was proved from the conductance results. In addition, the octahedral geometry and the postulated structure of complexes were determined from CHNM%, IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectra, and TGA analysis. Also, the energy of molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and other quantum mechanics parameters were calculated using the DFT method. The observed results indicated the reactivity of metal complexes and their ability to donate electrons more than the Schiff base. Furthermore, the corrosion rate of a steel sample under various concentrations of inhibitors was calculated by a potentiodynamic polarization test. The obtained data displayed that metal complexes declined the corrosion rate more than the Schiff base; therefore, the binding between the metal ion and the Schiff base improved the inhibition efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa S Abd El-Zahir
- Department of Refining and Petrochemicals Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, P.O. Box: 43221, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H A Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box: 43221, Suez, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A ELKady
- Department of Refining and Petrochemicals Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, P.O. Box: 43221, Suez, Egypt
| | - Sahar S A El-Sakka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box: 43221, Suez, Egypt
| | - Adel S Orabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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13
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Huang C, Sun R, Bao L, Tian X, Pan C, Li M, Shen W, Guo K, Wang B, Lu X, Gao S. A hard molecular nanomagnet from confined paramagnetic 3d-4f spins inside a fullerene cage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8443. [PMID: 38114506 PMCID: PMC10730828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing inter-spin distance can enhance magnetic interactions and allow for the realization of outstanding magnetic properties. However, achieving reduced distances is technically challenging. Here, we construct a 3d-4f metal cluster (Dy2VN) inside a C80 cage, affording a heretofore unseen metallofullerene containing both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metal ions. The significantly suppressed 3d-4f (Dy-V) distances, due to the unique cage confinement effect, were observed by crystallographic and theoretical analysis of Dy2VN@Ih(7)-C80. These reduced distances result in an enhanced magnetic coupling (Jtotal, Dy-V = 53.30 cm-1; Jtotal, Dy-Dy = -6.25 cm-1), leading to a high magnetic blocking temperature compared to reported 3d-4f single-molecule magnets and strong coercive field of 2.73 Tesla. Our work presents a new class of single-molecule magnets with both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metals confined in a fullerene cage, offering superior and tunable magnetic properties due to the unique cage confinement effect and the diverse composition of the entrapped magnetic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Changwang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, No. 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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14
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Kumar S, Patra DK, Rit A. Heterobimetallic Complexes Bridged by an Unsymmetrical Bis(NHC) Ligand: Study of Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Tandem Transformations and Understanding of Cooperativity between the Metal Centers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302180. [PMID: 37702918 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The bis(azolium) salt [L1-H2 ]Br2 was found to serve as a suitable platform for accessing the heterobimetallic IrIII -M (M=PdII /AuI ) and PdII -IrIII complexes. Initially, selective mono-metalation of [L1-H2 ]Br2 yielded an orthometalated IrIII - or non-orthometalated PdII -complex. Sequential metalation of the mono-IrIII complex resulted in the formation of heterobimetallic IrIII -PdII /AuI complexes. Similarly, a distinct heterobimetallic PdII -IrIII complex was synthesized starting from the mono-PdII complex. Further, the corresponding homobimetallic IrIII -IrIII and PdII -PdII complexes were directly obtained from [L1-H2 ]Br2 . Additionally, monometallic PdII and IrIII analogues were synthesized from [L2-H]Br and [L3-H]Br, respectively. The heterobimetallic IrIII -PdII and PdII -IrIII complexes were then evaluated as catalysts in various one-pot tandem catalytic reactions in which they demonstrated superior activity than the mixtures of both their corresponding homobimetallic IrIII -IrIII /PdII -PdII and monometallic IrIII /PdII counterparts, under the constant concentrations of metal centers. Moreover, while comparing complexes IrIII -PdII and PdII -IrIII , the former exhibits higher activity in all the studied reactions. All these findings suggest the presence of some form of cooperativity between the two metal centers (Ir and Pd) connected by a single ligand framework in IrIII -PdII and PdII -IrIII complex, with IrIII -PdII displaying better cooperativity that has been validated by electrochemical, NMR, and DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Deeptesh K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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15
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Heidecker AA, Stasi M, Spears A, Boekhoven J, Pöthig A. Silver and Gold Pillarplex Pseudorotaxanes from α,ω-Dicarboxylic Acids. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300234. [PMID: 37306394 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of pseudorotaxanes with supramolecular organometallic silver(I) and gold(I) pillarplexes acting as rings and different α,ω-dicarboxylic acids as axle components are reported. The successful formation of the host-guest complexes is shown by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and respective NMR titration. Additional evaluation with ITC titration experiments yielded dissociation constants (Kd ) ranging from 10-5 to 10-7 M. Single-crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis reveals a particularly exciting pore alignment of different examples in the solid state depending on the length of the guest. The work highlights, that dicarboxylic acids can penetrate the tight tubular pillarplex pore, paving the way to future mechanically interlocked molecules and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Heidecker
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michele Stasi
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Supramolecular Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Spears
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Supramolecular Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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16
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Zhou W, Wang X, Zhao W, Lu N, Cong D, Li Z, Han P, Ren G, Sun L, Liu C, Deng WQ. Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to syngas using metallosalen covalent organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6971. [PMID: 37914707 PMCID: PMC10620383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks have recently gained attention in photocatalysis. However, their use in CO2 photoreduction is yet to be reported. Moreover, facile preparation of metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks with good crystallinity remains considerably challenging. Herein, we report a series of metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks produced via a one-step synthesis strategy that does not require vacuum evacuation. Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks possessing controllable coordination environments of mononuclear and binuclear metal sites are obtained and act as photocatalysts for tunable syngas production from CO2. Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks obtained via one-step synthesis exhibit higher crystallinity and catalytic activities than those obtained from two-step synthesis. The optimal framework material containing cobalt and triazine achieves a syngas production rate of 19.7 mmol g-1 h-1 (11:8 H2/CO), outperforming previously reported porous crystalline materials. This study provides a facile strategy for producing metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks of high quality and can accelerate their exploration in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenling Zhao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Naijia Lu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Die Cong
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Peigeng Han
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqing Ren
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Wei-Qiao Deng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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17
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Zaitsev KV, Veshchitsky GA, Oprunenko YF, Kharcheva AV, Moiseeva AA, Gloriozov IP, Lermontova EK. 1,2-Bis(triazolyl)tetraphenyldigermanes: Synthesis, Structure and Properties. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300753. [PMID: 37886881 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Using the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of [HC≡C-GePh2 -]2 (1) and a number of RCH2 N3 , this work described the synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic digermanes, bitriazoles [1,4-C2 HN3 (CH2 R)GePh2 -]2 , 2-12 (R=Ph, p-Tol, p-C6 H4 NMe2 , p-C6 H4 OMe, p-C6 H4 Br, m-C6 H4 NO2 , 2-Naphth, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 CHO, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 COOMe, CH2 P(O)(OEt)2 , COOEt), difficult to produce by other methods. The structural peculiarities of these compounds were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy and by XRD analysis (for 6, 9 and 10). The properties of 1-12 were studied by UV/vis and luminescence emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT calculations, indicating an effective conjugation in their molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb A Veshchitsky
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri F Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kharcheva
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Moiseeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh Lermontova
- N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect, 31, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Ravel-Massol R, Munshi S, Pujol A, Garcia-Serres R, Saffon-Merceron N, Mézailles N, Fustier-Boutignon M. One Ligand to Bind them All: S~C~S 2- Carbon- and Sulfur-Based Gem-Dianion as Structuring Ligand for Iron Polymetallic Assemblies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302130. [PMID: 37681691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous synthetic models of the FeMo-co cluster of nitrogenases have been proposed to find the simplest structure with relevant reactivity. Indeed, such structures are able to perform multi-electrons reduction processes, such as the conversion of N2 to ammonia, and of CO2 into methane and alkenes. The most challenging parameter to imitate is indeed the central carbide ligand, which is believed to maintain the integrity of iron sulfide assembly during the course of catalytic cycles. The study proposes the use of bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)methanediide (SCS)2- as an ideal platform for the synthesis of bi- and tetra-metallic iron complexes, in which the iron-carbon interaction is maintained upon structural diversification and redox state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Ravel-Massol
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandip Munshi
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Pujol
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Ricardo Garcia-Serres
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Fustier-Boutignon
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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19
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Si WD, Chu H, Zhou L, Li T, Huang XQ, Gao ZY, Azam M, Tung CH, Cui P, Sun D. Dynamic and transformable Cu 12 cluster-based C-H···π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6413. [PMID: 37828068 PMCID: PMC10570389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of cluster-based π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks presents daunting challenges, including the design of suitable cluster building units, control of the sufficient C-H···π interactions, trade-off between structural dynamics and stability as well as understanding the resulting collective properties. Herein, we report a cluster-based C-H···π interaction-stacked porous supramolecular framework, namely, Cu12a-π, consisting of Cu12 nanocluster as a 6-connected node, which is further propagated to a dynamic porous supramolecular frameworks via dense intralayer C-H···π interactions, yielding permanent porosity. In addition, Cu12a-π can be transformed into cluster-based nonporous adaptive crystals (Cu12b-NACs) via ligand-exchange following a dissociation-reassembly mechanism. Moreover, Cu12a-π can efficiently remove 97.2% of iodine from saturated iodine aqueous solutions with a high uptake capacity of 2.96 g·g-1. These prospective results positioned at cluster-based porous supramolecular framework and enlighten follow-up researchers to design and synthesize such materials with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Chu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Yan J, Zhou DY, Liao LS, Kuhn M, Zhou X, Yiu SM, Chi Y. Electroluminescence and hyperphosphorescence from stable blue Ir(III) carbene complexes with suppressed efficiency roll-off. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6419. [PMID: 37828017 PMCID: PMC10570383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient Förster energy transfer from a phosphorescent sensitizer to a thermally activated delayed fluorescent terminal emitter constitutes a potential solution for achieving superb blue emissive organic light-emitting diodes, which are urgently needed for high-performance displays. Herein, we report the design of four Ir(III) metal complexes, f-ct1a ‒ d, that exhibit efficient true-blue emissions and fast radiative decay lifetimes. More importantly, they also undergo facile isomerization in the presence of catalysts (sodium acetate and p-toluenesulfonic acid) at elevated temperature and, hence, allow for the mass production of either emitter without decomposition. In this work, the resulting hyper-OLED exhibits a true-blue color (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage coordinate CIEy = 0.11), a full width at half maximum of 18 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.5% and a high external quantum efficiency 20.3% at 5000 cd m‒2, paving the way for innovative blue OLED technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Martin Kuhn
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Coppel Y, Fitremann J, Massou S, Mingotaud C, Kahn ML. Gelation Mechanism Revealed in Organometallic Gels: Prevalence of van der Waals Interactions on Oligomerization by Coordination Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300077. [PMID: 37155574 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Shaping of nanomaterials is a necessary step for their inclusion in electronic devices and batteries. For this purpose, the formulation of a moldable material including these nanomaterials is desirable. Organomineral gels are a very interesting option, since the components of the nanomaterial itself form a gel without the help of a binder. As a consequence, the properties of the nanomaterial are not diluted by the binder. In this article we studied organometallic gels based on a [ZnCy2] organometallic precursor and a primary alkyl amine which together forms spontaneously gels after few hours. We identified the main parameters controlling the gel properties monitored by rheology and NMR measurements The experiments demonstrate that the gelation time depends on the length of the alkyl chain of the amine and that the gelation mechanism derived firstly from the rigidification of the aliphatic chains of the amine, which takes precedence over the oligomerization of the inorganic backbone. This result highlights that the control of the rheological properties of organometallic gels remains mainly governed by the choice of the amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Wang
- CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, FRANCE
| | - Yannick Coppel
- CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, FRANCE
| | | | - Stéphane Massou
- CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, FRANCE
| | | | - Myrtil L Kahn
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, FRANCE
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22
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Peerless B, Schmidt A, Franzke YJ, Dehnen S. φ-Aromaticity in prismatic {Bi(6)}-based clusters. Nat Chem 2023; 15:347-56. [PMID: 36550232 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of aromaticity in organic molecules is widely accepted, but its occurrence in purely metallic systems is less widespread. Molecules comprising only metal atoms (M) are known to be able to exhibit aromatic behaviour, sustaining ring currents inside an external magnetic field along M-M connection axes (σ-aromaticity) or above and below the plane (π-aromaticity) for cyclic or cage-type compounds. However, all-metal compounds provide an extension of the electrons' mobility also in other directions. Here, we show that regular {Bi6} prisms exhibit a non-localizable molecular orbital of f-type symmetry and generate a strong ring current that leads to a behaviour referred to as φ-aromaticity. The experimentally observed heterometallic cluster [{CpRu}3Bi6]-, based on a regular prismatic {Bi6} unit, displays aromatic behaviour; according to quantum chemical calculations, the corresponding hypothetical Bi62- prism shows a similar behaviour. By contrast, [{(cod)Ir}3Bi6] features a distorted Bi6 moiety that inhibits φ-aromaticity.
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23
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Carnide G, Champouret Y, Valappil D, Vahlas C, Mingotaud A, Clergereaux R, Kahn ML. Secured Nanosynthesis-Deposition Aerosol Process for Composite Thin Films Incorporating Highly Dispersed Nanoparticles. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2204929. [PMID: 36529954 PMCID: PMC9929256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanocomposites in daily life requires not only small nanoparticles (NPs) well dispersed in a matrix, but also a manufacturing process that is mindful of the operator and the environment. Avoiding any exposure to NPs is one such way, and direct liquid reaction-injection (DLRI) aims to fulfill this need. DLRI is based on the controlled in situ synthesis of NPs from the decomposition of suitable organometallic precursors in conditions that are compatible with a pulsed injection mode of an aerosol into a downstream process. Coupled with low-pressure plasma, DLRI produces nanocomposite with homogeneously well-dispersed small nanoparticles that in the particular case of ZnO-DLC nanocomposite exhibit unique properties. DLRI favorably compares with the direct liquid injection of ex situ formed NPs. The exothermic hydrolysis reaction of the organometallic precursor at the droplet-gas interface leads to the injection of small and highly dispersed NPs and, consequently, the deposition of fine and controlled distribution in the nanocomposite. The scope of DLRI nanosynthesis has been extended to several metal oxides such as zinc, tin, tungsten, and copper to generalize the concept. Hence, DLRI is an attractive method to synthesize, inject, and deposit nanoparticles and meets the prevention and atom economy requirements of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Carnide
- LCCCNRS UPR8241Université de Toulouse205 route de NarbonneToulouse31077France
- LAPLACECNRS UMR5213Université de Toulouse118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Yohan Champouret
- LCCCNRS UPR8241Université de Toulouse205 route de NarbonneToulouse31077France
- LAPLACECNRS UMR5213Université de Toulouse118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Divyendu Valappil
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseCNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, 118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Constantin Vahlas
- CIRIMATCNRS UMR5085Université de Toulouse4 allée Émile Monso, BP‐44362, Toulouse Cedex 4Toulouse31030France
| | - Anne‐Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseCNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, 118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Richard Clergereaux
- LAPLACECNRS UMR5213Université de Toulouse118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Myrtil L. Kahn
- LCCCNRS UPR8241Université de Toulouse205 route de NarbonneToulouse31077France
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24
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Hemmeter D, Paap U, Taccardi N, Mehler J, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile-functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200391. [PMID: 36164745 PMCID: PMC10091715 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We studied the formation and surface behavior of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with ligand systems derived from two nitrile-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) in solution using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). These ligand systems enabled a high solubility of the metal complexes in IL solution. The complexes were prepared by simple ligand substitution under vacuum conditions in defined excess of the coordinating ILs, [C3 CNC1 Im][Tf2 N] and [C1 CNC1 Pip][Tf2 N], to immediately yield solutions of the final products. The ILs differ in the cationic head group and the chain length of the functionalized substituent. Our XPS measurements on the neat ILs gave insights in the electronic properties of the coordinating substituents revealing differences in donation capability and stability of the complexes. Investigations on the composition of the outermost surface layers using ARXPS revealed no surface affinity of the nitrile-functionalized chains in the neat ILs. Solutions of the formed complexes in the nitrile ILs showed homogeneous distribution of the solute at the surface with the heterocyclic moieties preferentially orientated towards the vacuum, while the metal centers are rather located further away from the IL/vacuum interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmeter
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Paap
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Mehler
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Song Q, Li L, Zanoni G, Liu S, Xiang M, Anderson EA, Bi X. Chemoselective carbene insertion into the N-H bonds of NH 3·H 2O. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7649. [PMID: 36496464 PMCID: PMC9741638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of inexpensive aqueous ammonia (NH3·H2O) into value-added primary amines by N-H insertion persists as a longstanding challenge in chemistry because of the tendency of Lewis basic ammonia (NH3) to bind and inhibit metal catalysts. Herein, we report a chemoselective carbene N-H insertion of NH3·H2O using a TpBr3Ag-catalyzed two-phase system. Coordination by a homoscorpionate TpBr3 ligand renders silver compatible with NH3 and H2O and enables the generation of electrophilic silver carbene. Water promotes subsequent [1,2]-proton shift to generate N-H insertion products with high chemoselectivity. The result of the reaction is the coupling of an inorganic nitrogen source with either diazo compounds or N-triftosylhydrazones to produce useful primary amines. Further investigations elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origin of chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Linxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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26
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Duan Y, Rosaleny LE, Coutinho JT, Giménez-Santamarina S, Scheie A, Baldoví JJ, Cardona-Serra S, Gaita-Ariño A. Data-driven design of molecular nanomagnets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7626. [PMID: 36494346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three decades of research in molecular nanomagnets have raised their magnetic memories from liquid helium to liquid nitrogen temperature thanks to a wise choice of the magnetic ion and coordination environment. Still, serendipity and chemical intuition played a main role. In order to establish a powerful framework for statistically driven chemical design, here we collected chemical and physical data for lanthanide-based nanomagnets, catalogued over 1400 published experiments, developed an interactive dashboard (SIMDAVIS) to visualise the dataset, and applied inferential statistical analysis. Our analysis shows that the Arrhenius energy barrier correlates unexpectedly well with the magnetic memory. Furthermore, as both Orbach and Raman processes can be affected by vibronic coupling, chemical design of the coordination scheme may be used to reduce the relaxation rates. Indeed, only bis-phthalocyaninato sandwiches and metallocenes, with rigid ligands, consistently present magnetic memory up to high temperature. Analysing magnetostructural correlations, we offer promising strategies for improvement, in particular for the preparation of pentagonal bipyramids, where even softer complexes are protected against molecular vibrations.
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27
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Dunaj T, von Hänisch C. Heavy Chains: Synthesis, Reactivity and Decomposition of Interpnictogen Chains with Terminal Diaryl Bismuth Fragments. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202932. [PMID: 36409832 PMCID: PMC10099782 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the preparation of multiple interpnictogen chain compounds with three consecutive pnictogen atoms and terminal Ar2 Bi fragments (Ar=Ph, Mes). Symmetrical compounds of the form Ar2 Bi-E(tBu)-Bi2 Ar (1: Ar=Ph, E=P; 2: Ar=Ph, Mes, E=As) as well as ternary interpnictogen compounds of the form Ar2 Bi-E1 (tBu)-E2 tBu2 (Ar=Ph, Mes; 4: E1 =P, E2 =As; 5: E1 =P, E2 =Sb; 6: E1 =As, E2 =P) were prepared. The decomposition in solution at room temperature and under the influence of light was studied for compounds 1-6. The reactivity of 1Ph and 2Ph with the small N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (Me2 IMe) was also studied. In the case of 1Ph , the formation and consecutive decomposition of Me2 IMe=PtBu (8) was observed in solution. Hence, it was shown that 1Ph can react as a "masked phosphinidene". In the case of 2Ph , no reaction with Me2 IMe was observed. All isolated compounds were analysed by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dunaj
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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28
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Ashida Y, Onozuka Y, Arashiba K, Konomi A, Tanaka H, Kuriyama S, Yamazaki Y, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic nitrogen fixation using visible light energy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7263. [PMID: 36456553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ammonia from atmospheric dinitrogen, nitrogen fixation, is one of the essential reactions for human beings. Because the current industrial nitrogen fixation depends on dihydrogen produced from fossil fuels as raw material, the development of a nitrogen fixation reaction that relies on the energy provided by renewable energy, such as visible light, is an important research goal from the viewpoint of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we establish an iridium- and molybdenum-catalysed process for synthesizing ammonia from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions and visible light irradiation. In this reaction system, iridium complexes and molybdenum triiodide complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene-based pincer ligands act as cooperative catalysts to activate 9,10-dihydroacridine and dinitrogen, respectively. The reaction of dinitrogen with 9,10-dihydroacridine is not thermodynamically favoured, and it only takes place under visible light irradiation. Therefore, the described reaction system is one that affords visible light energy-driven ammonia formation from dinitrogen catalytically.
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29
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Novikov AS. Plethora of Non-Covalent Interactions in Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry Are Modern Smart Tool for Materials Science, Catalysis, and Drugs Design. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions are one of the key topics in coordination and organometallic chemistry. Examples of such weak interactions are hydrogen, halogen, and chalcogen bonds, stacking interactions, metallophilic contacts, etc. Non-covalent interactions play an important role in materials science, catalysis, and medicinal chemistry. The aim of this Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences, entitled "Non-Covalent Interactions in Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry", is to cover the most recent progress in the rapidly growing field of non-covalent interactions in coordination and organometallic chemistry. Both experimental and theoretical studies, fundamental and applied research and any types of manuscripts are welcome for consideration.
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30
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Itabashi T, Arashiba K, Egi A, Tanaka H, Sugiyama K, Suginome S, Kuriyama S, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Direct synthesis of cyanate anion from dinitrogen catalysed by molybdenum complexes bearing pincer-type ligand. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6161. [PMID: 36280675 PMCID: PMC9592615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinitrogen is an abundant and promising material for valuable organonitrogen compounds containing carbon-nitrogen bonds. Direct synthetic methods for preparing organonitrogen compounds from dinitrogen as a starting reagent under mild reaction conditions give insight into the sustainable production of valuable organonitrogen compounds with reduced fossil fuel consumption. Here we report the catalytic reaction for the formation of cyanate anion (NCO-) from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions. A molybdenum-carbamate complex bearing a pyridine-based 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP)-pincer ligand is synthesized from the reaction of a molybdenum-nitride complex with phenyl chloroformate. The conversion between the molybdenum-carbamate complex and the molybdenum-nitride complex under ambient reaction conditions is achieved. The use of samarium diiodide (SmI2) as a reductant promotes the formation of NCO- from the molybdenum-carbamate complex as a key step. As a result, we demonstrate a synthetic cycle for NCO- from dinitrogen mediated by the molybdenum-PNP complexes in two steps. Based on this synthetic cycle, we achieve the catalytic synthesis of NCO- from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Itabashi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- grid.440870.f0000 0001 0726 1340School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-8530 Japan
| | - Keita Sugiyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shun Suginome
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
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31
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Jabłoński M. On the Coexistence of the Carbene⋯H-D Hydrogen Bond and Other Accompanying Interactions in Forty Dimers of N-Heterocyclic-Carbenes (I, IMe 2, I iPr 2, I tBu 2, IMes 2, IDipp 2, IAd 2; I = imidazol-2-ylidene) and Some Fundamental Proton Donors (HF, HCN, H 2O, MeOH, NH 3). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175712. [PMID: 36080481 PMCID: PMC9457876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of research is forty dimers formed by imidazol-2-ylidene (I) or its derivative (IR2) obtained by replacing the hydrogen atoms in both N-H bonds with larger important and popular substituents of increasing complexity (methyl = Me, iso-propyl = iPr, tert-butyl = tBu, phenyl = Ph, mesityl = Mes, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl = Dipp, 1-adamantyl = Ad) and fundamental proton donor (HD) molecules (HF, HCN, H2O, MeOH, NH3). While the main goal is to characterize the generally dominant C⋯H-D hydrogen bond engaging a carbene carbon atom, an equally important issue is the often omitted analysis of the role of accompanying secondary interactions. Despite the often completely different binding possibilities of the considered carbenes, and especially HD molecules, several general trends are found. Namely, for a given carbene, the dissociation energy values of the IR2⋯HD dimers increase in the following order: NH3< H2O < HCN ≤ MeOH ≪ HF. Importantly, it is found that, for a given HD molecule, IDipp2 forms the strongest dimers. This is attributed to the multiplicity of various interactions accompanying the dominant C⋯H-D hydrogen bond. It is shown that substitution of hydrogen atoms in both N-H bonds of the imidazol-2-ylidene molecule by the investigated groups leads to stronger dimers with HF, HCN, H2O or MeOH. The presented results should contribute to increasing the knowledge about the carbene chemistry and the role of intermolecular interactions, including secondary ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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32
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Zedler L, Wintergerst P, Mengele AK, Müller C, Li C, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Rau S. Outpacing conventional nicotinamide hydrogenation catalysis by a strongly communicating heterodinuclear photocatalyst. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2538. [PMID: 35534473 PMCID: PMC9085789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unequivocal assignment of rate-limiting steps in supramolecular photocatalysts is of utmost importance to rationally optimize photocatalytic activity. By spectroscopic and catalytic analysis of a series of three structurally similar [(tbbpy)2Ru-BL-Rh(Cp*)Cl]3+ photocatalysts just differing in the central part (alkynyl, triazole or phenazine) of the bridging ligand (BL) we are able to derive design strategies for improved photocatalytic activity of this class of compounds (tbbpy = 4,4´-tert-butyl-2,2´-bipyridine, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). Most importantly, not the rate of the transfer of the first electron towards the RhIII center but rather the rate at which a two-fold reduced RhI species is generated can directly be correlated with the observed photocatalytic formation of NADH from NAD+. Interestingly, the complex which exhibits the fastest intramolecular electron transfer kinetics for the first electron is not the one that allows the fastest photocatalysis. With the photocatalytically most efficient alkynyl linked system, it is even possible to overcome the rate of thermal NADH formation by avoiding the rate-determining β-hydride elimination step. Moreover, for this photocatalyst loss of the alkynyl functionality under photocatalytic conditions is identified as an important deactivation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zedler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Pascal Wintergerst
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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33
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Zhang J, Li T, Li X, Lv A, Li X, Wang Z, Wang R, Ma Y, Fang R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Thiazol-2-ylidenes as N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands with enhanced electrophilicity for transition metal catalysis. Commun Chem 2022; 5:60. [PMID: 36697942 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a dominant direction in ligand development in transition metal catalysis. In particular, strong σ-donation in combination with tunable steric environment make NHCs to be among the most common ligands used for C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. Herein, we report the study on steric and electronic properties of thiazol-2-ylidenes. We demonstrate that the thiazole heterocycle and enhanced π-electrophilicity result in a class of highly active carbene ligands for electrophilic cyclization reactions to form valuable oxazoline heterocycles. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties as well as structural characterization and coordination chemistry is presented. This mode of catalysis can be applied to late-stage drug functionalization to furnish attractive building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Considering the key role of N-heterocyclic ligands, we anticipate that N-aryl thiazol-2-ylidenes will be of broad interest as ligands in modern chemical synthesis.
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Brieger L, Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. THF-solvated Heavy Alkali Metal Benzyl Compounds (Na, Rb, Cs): Defined Deprotonation Reagents for Alkali Metal Mediation Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:17780-17784. [PMID: 34633717 PMCID: PMC9298144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of heavy alkali metals into substrates is both challenging and essential for many reactions. Here, we report the formation of THF‐solvated alkali metal benzyl compounds [PhCH2M ⋅ (thf)n] (M=Na, Rb, Cs). The synthesis was carried out by deprotonation of toluene with the bimetallic mixture n‐butyllithium/alkali metal tert‐butoxide and selective crystallization from THF of the defined benzyl compounds. Insights into the molecular structure in the solid as well as in solution state are gained by single crystal X‐ray experiments and NMR spectroscopic studies. The compounds could be successfully used as alkali metal mediating reagents. The example of caesium showed the convenient use by deprotonating acidic C−H as well as N−H compounds to gain insight into the aminometalation using these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Brieger
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Altus KM, Love JA. The continuum of carbon–hydrogen (C–H) activation mechanisms and terminology. Commun Chem 2021; 4:173. [PMID: 36697593 PMCID: PMC9814233 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a rapidly growing field across all areas of chemistry, C-H activation/functionalisation is being used to access a wide range of important molecular targets. Of particular interest is the development of a sustainable methodology for alkane functionalisation as a means for reducing hydrocarbon emissions. This Perspective aims to give an outline to the community with respect to commonly used terminology in C-H activation, as well as the mechanisms that are currently understood to operate for (cyclo)alkane activation/functionalisation.
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Münzfeld L, Hauser A, Hädinger P, Weigend F, Roesky PW. The Archetypal Homoleptic Lanthanide Quadruple-Decker-Synthesis, Mechanistic Studies, and Quantum Chemical Investigations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24493-24499. [PMID: 34486795 PMCID: PMC8596981 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of [SmIII (COT1,4-SiiPr3 )(BH4 )(thf)] (COT1,4-SiiPr3 =1,4-(i Pr3 Si)3 C8 H6 ) with KC8 resulted in [SmIII/II/III (COT1,4-SiiPr3 )4 ], the first example of a homoleptic lanthanide quadruple-decker. As indicated by an analysis of the bond metrics in the solid-state, the inner Sm ion is present in the divalent oxidation state, while the outer ones are trivalent. This observation could be confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. Mechanistic studies revealed not only insight into possible formation pathways of [SmIII/II/III (COT1,4-SiiPr3 )4 ] but also resulted in the transformation to other mixed metal sandwich complexes with unique structural properties. These are the 1D-polymeric chain structured [KSmIII (COT1,4-SiiPr3 )]n and the hexametallic species [(tol)K(COT1,4-SiiPr3 )SmII (COT1,4-SiiPr3 )K]2 which were initially envisioned as possible building blocks as part of different retrosynthetically guided pathways that we developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Pauline Hädinger
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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Abstract
The noncovalent interactions of heavy pnictogens with π-arenes play a fundamental role in fields like crystal engineering or catalysis. The strength of such bonds is based on an interplay between dispersion and donor/acceptor interactions, and is generally attributed to the presence of π-arenes. Computational studies of the interaction between the heavy pnictogens As, Sb and Bi and cyclohexane, in comparison with previous studies on the interaction between heavy pnictogens and benzene, show that this concept probably has to be revised. A thorough analysis of all the different energetic components that play a role in these systems, carried out with state-of-the-art computational methods, sheds light on how they influence one another and the effect that their interplay has on the overall system. Furthermore, the analysis of such interactions leads us to the unexpected finding that the presence of the pnictogen compounds strongly affects the conformational equilibrium of cyclohexane, reversing the relative stability of the chair and boat-twist conformers, and thus suggesting a possible application of tuneable dispersion energy donors to stabilise the desired conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Schiavo
- Department of Molecular Theory and SpectroscopyMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Kalishankar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular Theory and SpectroscopyMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Institut für Chemie, KoordinationschemieTechnische Universität ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209107ChemnitzGermany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Department of Molecular Theory and SpectroscopyMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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Jabłoński M. Theoretical Study of N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-ZnX 2 (X = H, Me, Et) Complexes. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14206147. [PMID: 34683739 PMCID: PMC8539904 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses the properties of as many as 30 carbene–ZnX2 (X = H, Me, Et) complexes featuring a zinc bond C⋯Zn. The group of carbenes is represented by imidazol-2-ylidene and its nine derivatives (labeled as IR), in which both hydrogen atoms of N-H bonds have been substituted by R groups with various spatial hindrances, from the smallest Me, iPr, tBu through Ph, Tol, and Xyl to the bulkiest Mes, Dipp, and Ad. The main goal is to study the relationship between type and size of R and X and both the strength of C⋯Zn and the torsional angle of the ZnX2 plane with respect to the plane of the imidazol-2-ylidene ring. Despite the considerable diversity of R and X, the range of dC⋯Zn is quite narrow: 2.12–2.20 Å. On the contrary, D0 is characterized by a fairly wide range of 18.5–27.4 kcal/mol. For the smallest carbenes, the ZnX2 molecule is either in the plane of the carbene or is only slightly twisted with respect to it. The twist angle becomes larger and more varied with the bulkier R. However, the value of this angle is not easy to predict because it results not only from the presence of steric effects but also from the possible presence of various interatomic interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, tetrel bonds, agostic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. It has been shown that at least some of these interactions may have a non-negligible influence on the structure of the IR–ZnX2 complex. This fact should be taken into account in addition to the commonly discussed R⋯X steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Abstract
A novel polyethylene glycol diacrylate-allylthiourea (ATU-PEGDA) hydrogel was simply synthesized through photo-reaction. Modified thiourea simultaneously employed chelation and electrostatic force to selectively recycle Ag(I) and Pd(II) from electrolytic wastewater. Sorption efficiency was nearly 100% for Ag(I) and Pd(II), which occurred at initial pH of 1 within 300 min. The adsorption characteristics of ATU-PEGDA followed Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I) and Pd(II) achieved 83.33 and 152.81 mg g-1 sorbent, respectively where Pseudo-first order model demonstrate the adsorption kinetics. In the presence of other heavy metals, ATU-PEGDA performed high selectivity, 0.89 and 1.31 towards Ag(I) and Pd(II). ATU-PEGDA can be completely regenerated within 120 min using 0.5 M thiourea-0.001 M HNO3 and 1 M thiourea-4 M HCl after the adsorption of Ag(I) and Pd(II), respectively. Thiourea-branched structure was created after regeneration, improving the adsorption capacity. Compared to initial hydrogel, the adsorption capacity of Ag(I) and Pd(II) increased 31.83 ± 3.08% and 75.12 ± 11.02%, respectively. Over 10 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, ATU-PEGDA performed 111.34 and 263.79 mg g-1 sorbent in adsorption capacity of Ag(I) and Pd(II). Chromism of ATU-PEGDA hydrogel was a benefit to determine adsorption saturation and completely desorption of Ag(I) and Pd(II). Potentially, ATU-PEGDA can be extended to industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakshila N Dharmapriya
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80432, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yang Lee
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80432, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80432, Taiwan.
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Ma J, Lu T, Duan X, Xu Y, Li Z, Li K, Shi J, Bai Q, Zhang Z, Hao XQ, Chen Z, Wang P, Wang M. Designing narcissistic self-sorting terpyridine moieties with high coordination selectivity for complex metallo-supramolecules. Commun Chem 2021; 4:136. [PMID: 36697787 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly is a powerful approach for the construction of metallosupramolecules, but designing coordination moieties that can drive the self-assembly with high selectivity and specificity remains a challenge. Here we report two ortho-modified terpyridine ligands that form head-to-tail coordination complexes with Zn(II). Both complexes show narcissistic self-sorting behaviour. In addition, starting from these ligands, we obtain two sterically congested multitopic ligands and use them to construct more complex metallo-supramolecules hexagons. Because of the non-coaxial structural restrictions in the rotation of terpyridine moieties, these hexagonal macrocycles can hierarchically self-assemble into giant cyclic nanostructures via edge-to-edge stacking, rather than face-to-face stacking. Our design of dissymmetrical coordination moieties from congested coordination pairs show remarkable self-assembly selectivity and specificity.
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Lohrey TD, Cusumano AQ, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Identifying the Imperative Role of Metal-Olefin Interactions in Catalytic C-O Reductive Elimination from Nickel(II). ACS Catal 2021; 11:10208-10222. [PMID: 35186424 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of experimental and computational mechanistic investigations of an unusually facile example of Ni-catalyzed C-O bond formation. Our method, originally reported in 2016, involves the formation of cyclic enol ethers from vinyl iodides bearing pendant alcohol groups. Our findings suggest that the observed reactivity arises from the coordination of the olefin in the vinyl iodide starting material and the enol ether product with Ni(0) intermediates. Density functional theory calculations reveal a plausible catalytic mechanism involving a Ni(II)/Ni(0) redox cycle featuring two-electron C-I oxidative addition and C-O reductive elimination steps. The direct formation of a η 2-enol ether Ni(0) complex from a key Ni(II) alkoxide intermediate dramatically alters the free energy (ΔG) for the vinyl C-O reductive elimination step relative to other examples of C-O reductive elimination at Ni(II). Furthermore, efficient σ-π mixing in the course of vinyl C-O reductive elimination leads to lower computed kinetic barriers (ΔG ‡) relative to those of aryl C-O reductive elimination. The conclusions drawn from these computational models are supported by synthetic organometallic experiments, whereby a vinyl-Ni(II) iodide intermediate was isolated, characterized, and proved to yield enol ether, following exposure to triethylamine. We conducted further experiments and computations, which indicated that the two-electron oxidative addition of vinyl iodides by Ni(0) depends on the formation of an η 2-vinyl iodide precomplex, based on the observation of one-electron activation of the same vinyl iodide in the presence of sterically encumbering ligands (e.g., tricyclohexylphosphine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Lohrey
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Bandyopadhyay U, Sundararaju B, Poli R, Manoury E, Daran JC. Synthesis and crystallographic studies of 2-(di-phenyl-phosphino-thio-yl)-2-(3-oxobut-1-en-yl)ferrocene. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:853-856. [PMID: 34422314 PMCID: PMC8340968 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902100760x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The title molecule is built up from a ferrocene unit disubstituted by an S-protected diphenylphosphine group and by a methylvinylketone chain. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S interactions build a two-dimensional network. As a follow-up to our research on the chemistry of disubstituted ferrocene derivatives, the synthesis and the structure of the title compound, 2-(diphenylphosphinothioyl)-2-(3-oxobut-1-en-yl)ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C21H18OPS)], are described. The molecule is built up from a ferrocene unit disubstituted by an S-protected diphenylphosphine group and by a methylvinylketone chain. The crystal structure features weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S interactions, which build a two-dimensional network. This structure is compared to that of the related disubstituted diphenylphosphino ferrocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchchhal Bandyopadhyay
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Eric Manoury
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Claude Daran
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Walawalkar MG, Pandey P, Murugavel R. The Redox Journey of Iconic Ferrocene: Ferrocenium Dications and Ferrocenate Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12632-12635. [PMID: 33915016 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent discoveries of both dicationic and monoanionic ferrocene derivatives throw light on the effect of the substituents on the C5 ring as well as the choice of redox agents and solvent system in the preparation of previously believed to be difficult synthetic targets. These oxidized and reduced forms of ferrocene are of interest to spectroscopists, magnetochemists, and theoreticians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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Zhu GY, Qin Y, Meng M, Mallick S, Gao H, Chen X, Cheng T, Tan YN, Xiao X, Han MJ, Sun MF, Liu CY. Crossover between the adiabatic and nonadiabatic electron transfer limits in the Landau-Zener model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:456. [PMID: 33469004 PMCID: PMC7815917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The semiclassical models of nonadiabatic transition were proposed first by Landau and Zener in 1932, and have been widely used in the study of electron transfer (ET); however, experimental demonstration of the Landau-Zener formula remains challenging to observe. Herein, employing the Hush-Marcus theory, thermal ET in mixed-valence complexes {[Mo2]-(ph)n-[Mo2]}+ (n = 1-3) has been investigated, spanning the nonadiabatic throughout the adiabatic limit, by analysis of the intervalence transition absorbances. Evidently, the Landau-Zener formula is valid in the adiabatic regime in a broader range of conditions than the theoretical limitation known as the narrow avoided-crossing. The intermediate system is identified with an overall transition probability (κel) of ∼0.5, which is contributed by the single and the first multiple passage. This study shows that in the intermediate regime, the ET kinetic results derived from the adiabatic and nonadiabatic formalisms are nearly identical, in accordance with the Landau-Zener model. The obtained insights help to understand and control the ET processes in biological and chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yuan Zhu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yi Qin
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Miao Meng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Suman Mallick
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Hang Gao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Tao Cheng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Ying Ning Tan
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Mei Juan Han
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Mei Fang Sun
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Chun Y. Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huang–Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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Liu H, Li Y, Sun S, Xin Q, Liu S, Mu X, Yuan X, Chen K, Wang H, Varga K, Mi W, Yang J, Zhang XD. Catalytically potent and selective clusterzymes for modulation of neuroinflammation through single-atom substitutions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:114. [PMID: 33414464 PMCID: PMC7791071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging artificial enzymes with reprogrammed and augmented catalytic activity and substrate selectivity have long been pursued with sustained efforts. The majority of current candidates have rather poor catalytic activity compared with natural molecules. To tackle this limitation, we design artificial enzymes based on a structurally well-defined Au25 cluster, namely clusterzymes, which are endowed with intrinsic high catalytic activity and selectivity driven by single-atom substitutions with modulated bond lengths. Au24Cu1 and Au24Cd1 clusterzymes exhibit 137 and 160 times higher antioxidant capacities than natural trolox, respectively. Meanwhile, the clusterzymes demonstrate preferential enzyme-mimicking catalytic activities, with Au25, Au24Cu1 and Au24Cd1 displaying compelling selectivity in glutathione peroxidase-like (GPx-like), catalase-like (CAT-like) and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activities, respectively. Au24Cu1 decreases peroxide in injured brain via catalytic reactions, while Au24Cd1 preferentially uses superoxide and nitrogenous signal molecules as substrates, and significantly decreases inflammation factors, indicative of an important role in mitigating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuhu Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Kalman Varga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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Abstract
Mechanisms leading to a molecular evolution and the formation of homochirality in nature are interconnected and a key to the underlying principles that led to the emergence of life. So far proposed mechanisms leading to a non-linear reaction behavior are based mainly on the formation of homochiral and heterochiral dimers. Since homochiral and heterochiral dimers are diastereomers of each other, the minor enantiomer is shifted out of equilibrium with the major enantiomer by dimer formation and thus a reaction or catalysis can be dominated by the remaining molecules of the major enantiomer. In this article a mechanism is shown that leads to homochirality by the formation of a highly catalytically active transient intermediate in a stereodynamically controlled reaction. This is demonstrated by Soai's asymmetric autocatalysis, in which aldehydes are transformed into the corresponding alcohols by addition of dialkylzinc reagents. The mechanism of chirogenesis proposed here shows that an apparently inefficient reaction is the best prerequisite for a selection mechanism. In addition, stereodynamic control offers the advantage that the minor diastereomeric intermediate can be interconverted into the major diastereomer and thus be stereoeconomically efficient. This is supported by computer simulation of reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Luis F, Alonso PJ, Roubeau O, Velasco V, Zueco D, Aguilà D, Martínez JI, Barrios LA, Aromí G. A dissymmetric [Gd(2)] coordination molecular dimer hosting six addressable spin qubits. Commun Chem 2020; 3:176. [PMID: 36703386 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial magnetic molecules can host several spin qubits, which could then implement small-scale algorithms. In order to become of practical use, such molecular spin processors need to increase the available computational space and warrant universal operations. Here, we design, synthesize and fully characterize dissymetric molecular dimers hosting either one or two Gadolinium(III) ions. The strong sensitivity of Gadolinium magnetic anisotropy to its local coordination gives rise to different zero-field splittings at each metal site. As a result, the [LaGd] and [GdLu] complexes provide realizations of distinct spin qudits with eight unequally spaced levels. In the [Gd2] dimer, these properties are combined with a Gd-Gd magnetic interaction, sufficiently strong to lift all level degeneracies, yet sufficiently weak to keep all levels within an experimentally accessible energy window. The spin Hamiltonian of this dimer allows a complete set of operations to act as a 64-dimensional all-electron spin qudit, or, equivalently, as six addressable qubits. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments show that resonant transitions between different spin states can be coherently controlled, with coherence times TM of the order of 1 µs limited by hyperfine interactions. Coordination complexes with embedded quantum functionalities are promising building blocks for quantum computation and simulation hybrid platforms.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Jones
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
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49
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Greaves M, Ronson TO, Lloyd-Jones GC, Maseras F, Sproules S, Nelson DJ. Unexpected Nickel Complex Speciation Unlocks Alternative Pathways for the Reactions of Alkyl Halides with dppf-Nickel(0). ACS Catal 2020; 10:10717-10725. [PMID: 32983589 PMCID: PMC7507766 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the reactions between dppf-Ni0 complexes and alkyl halides has been investigated using kinetic and mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations. The active species is [Ni(κ2-dppf)(κ1-dppf)], which undergoes a halide abstraction reaction with alkyl halides and rapidly captures the alkyl radical that is formed. The rates of the reactions of [Ni(COD)(dppf)] with alkyl halides and the yields of prototypical nickel-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling reactions of alkyl halides are shown to be significantly improved by the addition of free dppf ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan
E. Greaves
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Thomas O. Ronson
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 9QQ, Scotland
| | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
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50
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Dewhurst RD, Légaré MA, Braunschweig H. Towards the catalytic activation of inert small molecules by main-group ambiphiles. Commun Chem 2020; 3:131. [PMID: 36703344 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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