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Jiang J, Fang W, Lu B, Li W, Yu Q, Zeng X. Hydrogen-Bonded Complex of the Parent Phosphinidene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400490. [PMID: 38421349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The diatomic molecule PH is very reactive, and it serves as the parent compound for phosphinidenes featuring a monovalent phosphorus atom. Herein, we report the characterization and reactivity of a rare hydrogen-bonded complex of PH. Specifically, the molecular complex between PH and HCl has been generated by photolysis of chlorophosphine (H2PCl) at 254 nm in a solid Ar-matrix at 10 K. The IR spectrum of the complex HP⋅⋅⋅HCl and quantum chemical calculations at the UCCSD(T)-F12a/haTZ level consistently prove that the phosphorus atom acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor with a binding energy (D0) of -0.6 kcal mol-1. In line with the observed absorption at 341 nm for the binary complex, the triplet phosphinidene PH undergoes prototype H-Cl bond insertion by reformation of H2PCl upon photoexcitation at 365 nm. However, this hydrogen-bonded complex is unstable in the presence of N2 and HCl, as both molecules prefers stronger interactions with HCl than PH in the observed complexes HP⋅⋅⋅HCl⋅⋅⋅N2 and HP⋅⋅⋅2HCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weixing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Lu B, Zeng X. Phosphinidenes: Fundamental Properties and Reactivity. Chemistry 2023:e202303283. [PMID: 38108540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinidenes are heavy congeners of nitrenes that have been broadly used as in situ reagents in synthetic phosphorus chemistry and also serve as versatile ligands in coordination with transition metals. However, the detection of free phosphinidenes is largely challenged by their high reactivity and also the lack of suitable synthetic methods, rendering the knowledge about the fundamental properties of this class of low-valent phosphorus compounds limited. Recently, an increasing number of free phosphinidenes bearing prototype structural and bonding properties have been prepared for the first time, thus enabling the exploration of their distinct reactivity from the nitrene analogues. This Concept article will discuss the experimental approaches for the generation of the highly unstable phosphinidenes and highlight their distinct reactivity from the nitrogen analogues so as to stimuate future studies about their potential applications in phosphorus chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Dunaj T, von Hänisch C. Heavy Chains: Synthesis, Reactivity and Decomposition of Interpnictogen Chains with Terminal Diaryl Bismuth Fragments. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202932. [PMID: 36409832 PMCID: PMC10099782 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the preparation of multiple interpnictogen chain compounds with three consecutive pnictogen atoms and terminal Ar2 Bi fragments (Ar=Ph, Mes). Symmetrical compounds of the form Ar2 Bi-E(tBu)-Bi2 Ar (1: Ar=Ph, E=P; 2: Ar=Ph, Mes, E=As) as well as ternary interpnictogen compounds of the form Ar2 Bi-E1 (tBu)-E2 tBu2 (Ar=Ph, Mes; 4: E1 =P, E2 =As; 5: E1 =P, E2 =Sb; 6: E1 =As, E2 =P) were prepared. The decomposition in solution at room temperature and under the influence of light was studied for compounds 1-6. The reactivity of 1Ph and 2Ph with the small N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (Me2 IMe) was also studied. In the case of 1Ph , the formation and consecutive decomposition of Me2 IMe=PtBu (8) was observed in solution. Hence, it was shown that 1Ph can react as a "masked phosphinidene". In the case of 2Ph , no reaction with Me2 IMe was observed. All isolated compounds were analysed by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dunaj
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Kremláček V, Kertész E, Benkő Z, Erben M, Jirásko R, Růžička A, Jambor R, Dostál L. Non-conventional Behavior of a 2,1-Benzazaphosphole: Heterodiene or Hidden Phosphinidene? Chemistry 2021; 27:13149-13160. [PMID: 34096106 PMCID: PMC8518707 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The titled 2,1-benzazaphosphole (1) (i. e. ArP, where Ar=2-(DippN=CH)C6 H4 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) showed a spectacular reactivity behaving both as a reactive heterodiene in hetero-Diels-Alder (DA) reactions or as a hidden phosphinidene in the coordination toward selected transition metals (TMs). Thus, 1 reacts with electron-deficient alkynes RC≡CR (R=CO2 Me, C5 F4 N) giving 1-phospha-1,4-dihydro-iminonaphthalenes 2 and 3, that undergo hydrogen migration producing 1-phosphanaphthalenes 4 and 5. Compound 1 is also able to activate the C=C double bond in selected N-alkyl/aryl-maleimides RN(C(O)CH)2 (R=Me, tBu, Ph) resulting in the addition products 7-9 with bridged bicyclic [2.2.1] structures. The binding of the maleimides to 1 is semi-reversible upon heating. By contrast, when 1 was treated with selected TM complexes, it serves as a 4e donor bridging two TMs thus producing complexes [μ-ArP(AuCl)2 ] (10), [(μ-ArP)4 Ag4 ][X]4 (X=BF4 (11), OTf (12)) and [μ-ArP(Co2 (CO)6 )] (13). The structure and electron distribution of the starting material 1 as well as of other compounds were also studied from the theoretical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Erik Kertész
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4H-1111BudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4H-1111BudapestHungary
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
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Bhattacharjee J, Peters M, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. Isoselective Polymerization of rac-Lactide by Aluminum Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidene Adducts. Chemistry 2021; 27:5913-5918. [PMID: 33555047 PMCID: PMC8048956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene adducts (NHC)PH were reacted with AlMe3 in toluene to afford the monoaluminum complexes [{(IDipp)PH}AlMe3 ] and [{(IMes)PH}AlMe3 ] (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). In contrast, the dialuminum complex [{(Me IMes)PH}(AlMe3 )2 ] was obtained for Me IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene. These complexes served as initiators for the efficient ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide in toluene at 60 °C. High degrees of isoselectivity were found for the poly(rac-lactide) obtained in the presence of the monoaluminum complexes (Pm up to 0.92, Tm up to 191 °C), whereas almost atactic polymers were produced by the dialuminum complex. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the polymerization proceeds via a coordination-insertion mechanism with the carbene-phosphinidene ligands acting as stereodirecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Bhattacharjee
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Marius Peters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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6
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Nucleophilic Phosphinidene Transition Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14878-14887. [PMID: 32721063 PMCID: PMC7756676 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chloride abstraction from the complexes [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}MCl] (2 a, M=Ru; 2 b, M=Os) and [(η5 -C5 Me5 ){(IDipp)P}IrCl] (3 b, IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF ) in the presence of trimethylphosphine (PMe3 ), 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-ylidene (Me IMe) or carbon monoxide (CO) afforded the complexes [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}M(PMe3 )]BArF ] (4 a, M=Ru; 4 b, M=Os), [(η6 -p-cymene){(IDipp)P}Os(Me IMe)]BArF ] (5) and [(η5 -C5 Me5 ){(IDipp)P}IrL][BArF ] (6, L=PMe3 ; 7, L=Me IMe; 8, L=CO). These cationic N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene complexes feature very similar structural and spectroscopic properties as prototypic nucleophilic arylphosphinidene complexes such as low-field 31 P NMR resonances and short metal-phosphorus double bonds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the metal-phosphorus bond can be described in terms of an interaction between a triplet [(IDipp)P]+ cation and a triplet metal complex fragment ligand with highly covalent σ- and π-contributions. Crystals of the C-H activated complex 9 were isolated from solutions containing the PMe3 complex, and its formation can be rationalized by PMe3 dissociation and formation of a putative 16-electron intermediate [(η5 -C5 Me5 )Ir{P(IDipp)}I][BArF ], which undergoes C-H activation at one of the Dipp isopropyl groups and addition along the iridium-phosphorus bond to afford an unusual η3 -benzyl coordination mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of, Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, Govt. ITI BuildingEngineering School Road, Ganjam, Berhampur760010OdishaIndia
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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7
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Balmer M, Franzke YJ, Weigend F, von Hänisch C. Low-Valent Group 14 Phosphinidenide Complexes [({SIDipp}P) 2 M] Exhibit P-M pπ-pπ Interaction (M=Ge, Sn, Pb). Chemistry 2020; 26:192-197. [PMID: 31702848 PMCID: PMC6972534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of new low-valent Group 14 phosphinidenide complexes [({SIDipp}P)2 M] exhibiting P-M pπ-pπ interactions (SIDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolidin-2-ylidene, M=Ge, Sn, Pb), is presented. These compounds were investigated by means of structural, spectroscopic, and quantum-chemical methods. Furthermore, the monosubstituted compounds [(SIDippP)MX]2 (M=Sn, X=Cl; M=Pb, X=Br) are presented, which show dimeric structures instead of multiple bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Balmer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Yannick J. Franzke
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstrasse 1276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
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8
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Wang M, Xu Y, Wei D, Tian R, Duan Z, Mathey F. Transition-Metal-Like Reversible Cycloadditions of [tBuSP-W(CO) 5 ] with Alkenes and Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 25:15036-15039. [PMID: 31647591 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
tert-Butylthiophosphinidene complex [tBuSP-W(CO)5 ] was generated by dissociation of 1-(tert-butylthio)phosphirane-W(CO)5 complex under mild conditions. The formation of transient [tBuSP-W(CO)5 ] was indicated by trapping reactions with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, alkynes, phenanthrene-9,10-dione, and methanol. The LUMO of [MeSP-W(CO)5 ] is significantly lower in energy than those of [Me2 NP-W(CO)5 ], [MeOP-W(CO)5 ], and [Me2 PP-W(CO)5 ]. The HOMO of [MeSP-W(CO)5 ] contains a significant contribution from the in-plane lone pair of P and the LUMO shows a typical π* characteristic. Since stabilized by sulfur lone pair and coordinated by W(CO)5 , [tBuSP-W(CO)5 ] undergoes facile and reversible cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for, Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for, Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for, Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for, Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for, Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - François Mathey
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for, Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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Sinhababu S, Siddiqui MM, Sarkar SK, Münch A, Herbst‐Irmer R, George A, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Treatment of Silylene-Phosphinidene with Chalcogens Resulted Exclusively in the Formation of Silicon-Bonded Chalcogens. Chemistry 2019; 25:11422-11426. [PMID: 31282057 PMCID: PMC6771779 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogen-bonded silicon phosphinidenes LSi(E)-P-Me cAAC (E=S (1); Se (2); Te (3); L=PhC(NtBu)2 ; Me cAAC=C(CH2 )(CMe2 )2 N-2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )) were synthesized from the reactions of silylene-phosphinidene LSi-P-Me cAAC (A) with elemental chalcogens. All the compounds reported herein have been characterized by multinuclear NMR, elemental analyses, LIFDI-MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Furthermore, the regeneration of silylene-phosphinidene (A) was achieved from the reactions of 2-3 with L'Al (L'=HC{(CMe)(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 N)}2 ). Theoretical studies on chalcogen-bonded silicon phosphinidenes indicate that the Si-E (E=S, Se, Te) bond can be best represented as charge-separated electron-sharing σ-bonding interaction between [LSi-P-Me cAAC]+ and E- . The partial double-bond character of Si-E is attributed to significant hyperconjugative donation from the lone pair on E- to the Si-N and Si-P σ*-molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Mujahuddin M. Siddiqui
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Annika Münch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Anjana George
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology CalicutNIT Campus P.O., Kozhikode673601KeralaIndia
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology CalicutNIT Campus P.O., Kozhikode673601KeralaIndia
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077 GöttingenGermany
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Abstract
The ubiquitous half-sandwich iron complex [CpFe(CO)2 Me] (Cp=η5 -C5 H5 ) appears to be a catalyst for α-phosphinidene elimination from primary phosphines. Dehydrocoupling reactions provided initial insight into this unusual reaction mechanism, and trapping reactions with organic substrates gave products consistent with an α elimination mechanism, including a rare example of a three-component reaction. The substrate scope of this reaction is consistent with generation of a triplet phosphinidene. In all, this study presents catalytic phosphinidene transfer to unsaturated organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, USA.,Current Address: Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop J-514, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Brandon J Ackley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, USA
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, USA
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Akimov AV, Ganushevich YS, Korchagin DV, Miluykov VA, Misochko EY. The EPR Spectrum of Triplet Mesitylphosphinidene: Reassignment and New Assignment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7944-7947. [PMID: 28493313 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature UV-photolysis of mesitylphosphiranes under highly anaerobic conditions leads to the formation of the triplet mesitylphosphinidene (MesP). The recorded X-band EPR spectrum of triplet MesP and the derived zero-field splitting parameter D=4.116 cm-1 differ significantly from those reported previously for this intermediate. New magnetic parameters of mesitylphosphinidene are discussed along with the results of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Akimov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yulia S Ganushevich
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Denis V Korchagin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasili A Miluykov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eugenii Y Misochko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
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12
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Stafford H, Rookes TM, Wildman EP, Balázs G, Wooles AJ, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Terminal Parent Phosphanide and Phosphinidene Complexes of Zirconium(IV). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7669-7673. [PMID: 28489308 PMCID: PMC5575506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Zr(TrenDMBS )(Cl)] [Zr1; TrenDMBS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 But )3 ] with NaPH2 gave the terminal parent phosphanide complex [Zr(TrenDMBS )(PH2 )] [Zr2; Zr-P=2.690(2) Å]. Treatment of Zr2 with one equivalent of KCH2 C6 H5 and two equivalents of benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C5) afforded an unprecedented example (outside of matrix isolation) of a structurally authenticated transition-metal terminal parent phosphinidene complex [Zr(TrenDMBS )(PH)][K(B15C5)2 ] [Zr3; Zr=P=2.472(2) Å]. DFT calculations reveal a polarized-covalent Zr=P double bond, with a Mayer bond order of 1.48, and together with IR spectroscopic data also suggest an agostic-type Zr⋅⋅⋅HP interaction [∡ZrPH =66.7°] which is unexpectedly similar to that found in cryogenic, spectroscopically observed phosphinidene species. Surprisingly, computational data suggest that the Zr=P linkage is similarly polarized, and thus as covalent, as essentially isostructural U=P and Th=P analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stafford
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Thomas M. Rookes
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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Hayakawa N, Sadamori K, Tsujimoto S, Hatanaka M, Wakabayashi T, Matsuo T. Cleavage of a P=P Double Bond Mediated by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5765-5769. [PMID: 28429503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the bulky diphosphenes (Rind)P=P(Rind) (1; Rind=1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octa-R-substituted s-hydrindacen-4-yl) with two molecules of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC; 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) resulted in the quantitative formation of the NHC-bound phosphinidenes NHC→P(Rind) (2), along with the cleavage of the P=P double bond. The reaction times are dependent on the steric size of the Rind groups (11 days for 2 a (R=Et) and 2 h for 2 b (R=Et, Me) at room temperature). The mechanism for the double bond-breaking is proposed to proceed via the formation of the NHC-coordinated, highly polarized diphospehenes 3 as an intermediate. Approach of a second NHC to 3 induces P-P bond cleavage and P-C bond formation, which proceeds through a transition state with a large negative Gibbs energy change to afford the two molecules of 2, thus being the rate-determining step of the overall reaction with the activation barriers of 80.4 for 2 a and 29.1 kJ mol-1 for 2 b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sadamori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Tsujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.,PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Present address: Graduate School of Materials Science and Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomonari Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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14
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Seidl M, Stubenhofer M, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Reaction of Pentelidene Complexes with Diazoalkanes: Stabilization of Parent 2,3-Dipnictabutadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14037-14040. [PMID: 27709761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the phosphinidene complex [Cp*P{W(CO)5 }2 ] (1 a) with diphenyldiazomethane leads to [{W(CO)5 }Cp*P=NN{W(CO)5 }=CPh2 ] (2). Compound 2 is a rare example of a phosphadiazadiene ligand (R-P=N-N=CR'R'') complex. At temperatures above 0 °C, 2 decomposes into the complex [{W(CO)5 }PCp*{N(H)N=CPh2 )2 ] (3), among other species. The reaction of the pentelidene complexes [Cp*E{W(CO)5 }2 ] (E=P, As) with diazomethane (CH2 NN) proceeds differently. For the arsinidene complex (1 b), only the arsaalkene complex 4 b [{W(CO)5 }2 {η1:2 -(Cp*)As=CH2 }] is formed. The reaction with the phosphinidene complex (1 a) results in three products, the two phosphaalkene complexes [{W(CO)5 }2 {η1:2 -(R)P=CH2 }] (4 a: R=Cp*, 5: R=H) and the triazaphosphole derivative [{W(CO)5 }P(Cp*)-CH2 -N{W(CO)5 }=N-N(N=CH2 )] (6 a). The phosphaalkene complex (4 a) and the arsaalkene complex (4 b) are not stable at room temperature and decompose to the complexes [{W(CO)5 }4 (CH2 =E-E=CH2 )] (7 a: E=P, 7 b: E=As), which are the first examples of complexes with parent 2,3-diphospha-1,3-butadiene and 2,3-diarsa-1,3-butadiene ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Stubenhofer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, Old Peterhof, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
The trapping of a phosphinidene (R-P) in an NCN pincer is presented. Stabilized phosphinidene 1 was characterized by 31 P{1 H}, 1 H, and 13 C{1 H} NMR spectroscopy, exhibiting an averaged C2v symmetry in solution between -60 and 60 °C. In the solid state, the phosphinidene is coordinated by one adjacent N atom featuring a formal P-N bond (1.757(2) Å) to give a five-membered ring with some aromatic character, confirmed by DFT calculations (B3LYP-D3/6-311G**++) to be the ground-state structure. Equilibration of the two N ligands occurs rapidly in solution via a "bell-clapper"-type process through an associative symmetric transition state calculated to lie 4.0 kcal mol-1 above the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Wesley Y Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Russell P Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Matthew F Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Seidl M, Weinzierl R, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Insight into the Reaction of a Dinuclear Phosphinidene Complex with Nitriles. Chemistry 2016; 22:5484-8. [PMID: 26887793 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The phosphinidene complex [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2] (1; Cp*=C5 Me5 ) reacted with malononitrile to give the 1,2-dihydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphinine derivative 2. The reaction of 1 with 1,4-benzodinitrile gave [1,4-{{W(CO)5}2 P-N=C(Cp*)}2 (C6 H4)] (3), the first example of a cumulene-like aminophosphinidene complex. The reaction of 1 with aniline gave the aminophosphinidene complex [(Ph)N(H)P{W(CO)5}2] (4). To compare the reactivity of benzonitrile and aniline with 1, the phosphinidene complex 1 was reacted with three different isomers of aminobenzonitrile (2-, 3-, and 4-aminobenzonitrile). These reactions gave an insight into the reaction pathway of 1 with benzonitrile derivatives. Compounds 5, 6 a, 6 b, and 7, which are derivatives of 1,2-dihydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphinine or benzo-2H-1,2-azaphospholes, were, as well as all other products, characterized by mass spectrometry, NMR and IR spectroscopy, and X-ray structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Weinzierl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiang Ng
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
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