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Menon D, Nashi S, Mohanty M, Dubbal R, Mk F, Vengalil S, Thomas A, Kumar V, Baskar D, Arunachal G, Nalini A. A novel DHTKD1 gene mutation with ALS like presentation: a case report. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:413-415. [PMID: 37880984 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2273366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
DHTKD1 is a nuclear gene that encodes "dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing 1", essential in mitochondrial metabolism. First identified in the patients of 2-amino-apidic and 2 oxoapidic aciduria, mutation in this gene has recently been implicated in CMT2Q and ALS. Here we report the case of a septuagenarian who presented with a 2 years progressive history of respiratory and neck muscle weakness without significant bulbar and limb involvement. Clinical and electrophysiological examination revealed lower motor neuron involvement with widespread chronic denervation and reinnervation. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous nonsense variant in exon 8 of the DHTKD1 gene, which was previously described in CMT2Q. This report highlights the pleotropic phenotypic presentation of DHTKD1 mutation and the need for genetic testing even in sporadic cases of ALS presenting at a later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Menon
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Manisha Mohanty
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Rohin Dubbal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Farsana Mk
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Aneesha Thomas
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Dipti Baskar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Gautham Arunachal
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
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Goldberg Z, Sher I, Qassim L, Chapman J, Rotenstreich Y, Shavit-Stein E. Intrinsic Expression of Coagulation Factors and Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) in Photoreceptors and Inner Retinal Layers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020984. [PMID: 35055169 PMCID: PMC8778890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of the thrombin receptor, protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1), in the neuroretina. Neuroretina samples of wild-type C57BL/6J and PAR1−/− mice were processed for indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine mRNA expression of coagulation Factor X (FX), prothrombin (PT), and PAR1 in the isolated neuroretina. Thrombin activity following KCl depolarization was assessed in mouse neuroretinas ex vivo. PAR1 staining was observed in the retinal ganglion cells, inner nuclear layer cells, and photoreceptors in mouse retinal cross sections by indirect immunofluorescence. PAR1 co-localized with rhodopsin in rod outer segments but was not expressed in cone outer segments. Western blot analysis confirmed PAR1 expression in the neuroretina. Factor X, prothrombin, and PAR1 mRNA expression was detected in isolated neuroretinas. Thrombin activity was elevated by nearly four-fold in mouse neuroretinas following KCl depolarization (0.012 vs. 0.044 mu/mL, p = 0.0497). The intrinsic expression of coagulation factors in the isolated neuroretina together with a functional increase in thrombin activity following KCl depolarization may suggest a role for the PAR1/thrombin pathway in retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehavit Goldberg
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (Z.G.); (I.S.); (Y.R.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ifat Sher
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (Z.G.); (I.S.); (Y.R.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lamis Qassim
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (L.Q.); (J.C.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (L.Q.); (J.C.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (Z.G.); (I.S.); (Y.R.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (L.Q.); (J.C.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +972-3-530-4409
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Xu EW, Yang J, Zhang L. [TSTA3 gene promotes esophageal cancer invasion through MAPK-ERK pathway and downstream MMP2/9]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:50-52. [PMID: 34979755 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210720-00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E W Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Zeng M, Zhou H, He Y, Wang Z, Shao C, Yin J, Du H, Yang J, Wan H. Danhong injection alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving intracellular energy metabolism coupling in the ischemic penumbra. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111771. [PMID: 34058441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Danhong injection (DHI) is a compound Chinese medicine widely used in China for treatment of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, limited data are available regarding the protective effect of DHI on the ischemic penumbra in ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous DHI on neuronal injure in the ischemic penumbra after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R), focusing especially on the involvement of intracellular energy metabolism coupling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 min followed by reperfusion with or without intravenous DHI (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mL/kg) once daily for 7 days. Post-treatment with DHI ameliorated neurological defects, diminished cerebral infarction, alleviated cerebral edema, improved microcirculatory perfusion after 7days of reperfusion, and inhibited apoptosis and enhanced neuronal survival in the ischemic penumbra. In addition, DHI significantly ameliorated oxidative stress, reduced DNA damage, and inhibited the activation of PARP1/AIF pathway, thereby restoring cytoplasmic glycolytic activity. Furthermore, this drug increased PDH activity by inhibiting the HIF1α/PDK1 signaling pathway, thus eliminating the inhibitory effect of CI/R on mitochondrial metabolism. The results of this study suggest that DHI can alleviate cerebral edema after CI/R and rescue the ischemic penumbra, and these protective effects are due to the regulation of intracellular energy metabolic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Zeng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, China
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junjun Yin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haixia Du
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Aleshin VA, Artiukhov AV, Kaehne T, Graf AV, Bunik VI. Daytime Dependence of the Activity of the Rat Brain Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Corresponds to the Mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 Level and Acetylation of Brain Proteins, All Regulated by Thiamine Administration Decreasing Phosphorylation of PDHA Ser293. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8006. [PMID: 34360775 PMCID: PMC8348093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling glycolysis and mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDHC) is highly responsive to cellular demands through multiple mechanisms, including PDH phosphorylation. PDHC also produces acetyl-CoA for protein acetylation involved in circadian regulation of metabolism. Thiamine (vitamin B1) diphosphate (ThDP) is known to activate PDH as both coenzyme and inhibitor of the PDH inactivating kinases. Molecular mechanisms integrating the function of thiamine-dependent PDHC into general redox metabolism, underlie physiological fitness of a cell or an organism. Here, we characterize the daytime- and thiamine-dependent changes in the rat brain PDHC function, expression and phosphorylation, assessing their impact on protein acetylation and metabolic regulation. Morning administration of thiamine significantly downregulates both the PDH phosphorylation at Ser293 and SIRT3 protein level, the effects not observed upon the evening administration. This action of thiamine nullifies the daytime-dependent changes in the brain PDHC activity and mitochondrial acetylation, inducing diurnal difference in the cytosolic acetylation and acetylation of total brain proteins. Screening the daytime dependence of central metabolic enzymes and proteins of thiol/disulfide metabolism reveals that thiamine also cancels daily changes in the malate dehydrogenase activity, opposite to those of the PDHC activity. Correlation analysis indicates that thiamine abrogates the strong positive correlation between the total acetylation of the brain proteins and PDHC function. Simultaneously, thiamine heightens interplay between the expression of PDHC components and total acetylation or SIRT2 protein level. These thiamine effects on the brain acetylation system change metabolic impact of acetylation. The changes are exemplified by the thiamine enhancement of the SIRT2 correlations with metabolic enzymes and proteins of thiol-disulfide metabolism. Thus, we show the daytime- and thiamine-dependent changes in the function and phosphorylation of brain PDHC, contributing to regulation of the brain acetylation system and redox metabolism. The daytime-dependent action of thiamine on PDHC and SIRT3 may be of therapeutic significance in correcting perturbed diurnal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Aleshin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.V.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.V.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.V.G.)
- Faculty of Nano-, Bio-, Informational, Cognitive and Socio-Humanistic Sciences and Technologies at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Maximova Street 4, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.V.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Gao Y, Zhang G, Liu J, Li H. Tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B functions as an oncogene and is regulated by microRNA-125a-5p in lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:72. [PMID: 33760213 PMCID: PMC8020207 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue‑specific transplantation antigen P35B (TSTA3) expression is upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer, and functions as an oncogene in breast cancer. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of TSTA3 in lung cancer have not been fully elucidated. The current study aimed to reveal the role of TSTA3 in lung cancer and explore whether TSTA3 may be modulated by microRNA (miR)‑125a‑5p to activate β‑catenin signaling. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were used to analyze TSTA3 expression in lung cancer tissues and cells. Cell functions were assessed via Cell Counting Kit‑8, flow cytometry, wound‑healing, Transwell and in vivo tumor formation assays. The effect of TSTA3 on the activation of β‑catenin signaling was determined using western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. The association between miR‑125a‑5p and TSTA3 was determined by western blotting and luciferase gene reporter assay. The present study revealed that, compared with normal tissues and cells, TSTA3 expression was significantly increased in lung cancer tissues and cell lines, and high TSTA3 expression predicted a poor prognosis and more malignant clinical features in patients with lung cancer. TSTA3 upregulation significantly enhanced β‑catenin expression and promoted its nuclear accumulation. In addition, TSTA3 expression was negatively regulated by miR‑125a‑5p, which was downregulated in lung cancer. Furthermore, TSTA3 overexpression markedly promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis, and suppressed cell apoptosis. TSTA3 downregulation abolished the effects of miR‑125a‑5p downregulation on promoting lung cancer cell malignant transformation. Overall, the current study demonstrates that TSTA3 is regulated by miR‑125a‑5p and functions as an oncogene in lung cancer via promoting the activation of β‑catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Gao
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Nemeria NS, Leandro J, Houten S, Lazarus M, Gerfen G, Ozohanics O, Ambrus A, Nagy B, Brukh R, Jordan F. Structure-function analyses of the G729R 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase genetic variant associated with a disorder of l-lysine metabolism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8078-8095. [PMID: 32303640 PMCID: PMC7278340 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Oxoadipate dehydrogenase (E1a, also known as DHTKD1, dehydrogenase E1, and transketolase domain-containing protein 1) is a thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzyme and part of the 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (OADHc) in l-lysine catabolism. Genetic findings have linked mutations in the DHTKD1 gene to several metabolic disorders. These include α-aminoadipic and α-ketoadipic aciduria (AMOXAD), a rare disorder of l-lysine, l-hydroxylysine, and l-tryptophan catabolism, associated with clinical presentations such as developmental delay, mild-to-severe intellectual disability, ataxia, epilepsy, and behavioral disorders that cannot currently be managed by available treatments. A heterozygous missense mutation, c.2185G→A (p.G729R), in DHTKD1 has been identified in most AMOXAD cases. Here, we report that the G729R E1a variant when assembled into OADHc in vitro displays a 50-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency for NADH production and a significantly reduced rate of glutaryl-CoA production by dihydrolipoamide succinyl-transferase (E2o). However, the G729R E1a substitution did not affect any of the three side-reactions associated solely with G729R E1a, prompting us to determine the structure-function effects of this mutation. A multipronged systematic analysis of the reaction rates in the OADHc pathway, supplemented with results from chemical cross-linking and hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS, revealed that the c.2185G→A DHTKD1 mutation affects E1a-E2o assembly, leading to impaired channeling of OADHc intermediates. Cross-linking between the C-terminal region of both E1a and G729R E1a with the E2o lipoyl and core domains suggested that correct positioning of the C-terminal E1a region is essential for the intermediate channeling. These findings may inform the development of interventions to counter the effects of pathogenic DHTKD1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - João Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Sander Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Michael Lazarus
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Gary Gerfen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10641-2304
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Balint Nagy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Roman Brukh
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to investigate possible direct effects of the somatostatin analog octreotide on autophagy markers and markers of cellular metabolic activity using in vitro cultured rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3 cell line). METHODS We measured two markers of the autophagic flux in cell lysates by Western blot and MTT reductive activity, total cellular ATP levels, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex activity in cells lysates as markers of cell viability related to metabolic activity. RESULTS Octreotide (100 nM) treatment induced autophagy activation (increased LC3-I protein lipidation) and enhanced the autophagic flux (SQSTM1/p62 protein downregulation) in GH3 cells in different incubation media, in detail in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) as well as in maintenance medium with serum. We did not observe any decrease of redox activity and energy production related to the induction of autophagy by octreotide. On the other hand, short-term treatments with octreotide in HBSS tended to enhance MTT reduction activity and to increase PDH complex enzymatic activity and ATP levels measured in GH3 cell lysates. CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence that octreotide can affect autophagy in pituitary tumor cells. The observed effects of octreotide were not related to a decrease of cellular metabolic activity. Finally, the induction of autophagy was either short-lived or overshadowed by other factors in the long term and this limit does not help clarifying their real impact on the pharmacological activity of somatostatin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, San Raffaele Vita- Salute University - Head, Milan, Italy
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Artiukhov AV, Grabarska A, Gumbarewicz E, Aleshin VA, Kähne T, Obata T, Kazantsev AV, Lukashev NV, Stepulak A, Fernie AR, Bunik VI. Synthetic analogues of 2-oxo acids discriminate metabolic contribution of the 2-oxoglutarate and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenases in mammalian cells and tissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1886. [PMID: 32024885 PMCID: PMC7002488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological significance of the DHTKD1-encoded 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADH) remains obscure due to its catalytic redundancy with the ubiquitous OGDH-encoded 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). In this work, metabolic contributions of OADH and OGDH are discriminated by exposure of cells/tissues with different DHTKD1 expression to the synthesized phosphonate analogues of homologous 2-oxodicarboxylates. The saccharopine pathway intermediates and phosphorylated sugars are abundant when cellular expressions of DHTKD1 and OGDH are comparable, while nicotinate and non-phosphorylated sugars are when DHTKD1 expression is order(s) of magnitude lower than that of OGDH. Using succinyl, glutaryl and adipoyl phosphonates on the enzyme preparations from tissues with varied DHTKD1 expression reveals the contributions of OADH and OGDH to oxidation of 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate in vitro. In the phosphonates-treated cells with the high and low DHTKD1 expression, adipate or glutarate, correspondingly, are the most affected metabolites. The marker of fatty acid β-oxidation, adipate, is mostly decreased by the shorter, OGDH-preferring, phosphonate, in agreement with the known OGDH dependence of β-oxidation. The longest, OADH-preferring, phosphonate mostly affects the glutarate level. Coupled decreases in sugars and nicotinate upon the OADH inhibition link the perturbation in glucose homeostasis, known in OADH mutants, to the nicotinate-dependent NAD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Artiukhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aneta Grabarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gumbarewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Vasily A Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, George W. Beadle Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
| | | | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Kaneko Y, Coats AB, Tuazon JP, Jo M, Borlongan CV. Rhynchophylline promotes stem cell autonomous metabolic homeostasis. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:106-113. [PMID: 31983606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhynchophylline (Rhy) effectively obstructs the expansive signaling pathways of degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stimulates neurogenesis. Maintenance of stemness and cell proliferation requires sophisticated intracellular environments to achieve pluripotency via specific expression of genes and proteins. We examined whether Rhy promotes this regulation in bone marrow human mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-hMSCs). Results revealed (i) Rhy modulated biological activity by regulating the mitochondria, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit, and levels of FGFβ (basic fibroblast growth factor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), OXTR (oxytocin receptor) and ATP (Adenosine triphosphate); (ii) Rhy altered expression level of BM-MSC proliferation/differentiation-related transcription genes; and (iii) interestingly, Rhy amplified the glycolytic flow ratio and lactate dehydrogenase activity while reducing pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, indicating a BM-hMSC metabolic shift of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation into aerobic glycolysis. Altogether, we demonstrated a novel mechanism of action for Rhy-induced BM-hMSC modification, which can enhance the cell transplantation approach by amplifying the metabolic activity of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kaneko
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida, USA
| | - Alexandreya B Coats
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida, USA
| | - Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida, USA
| | - Michiko Jo
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida, USA.
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11
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Xu WY, Shen Y, Zhu H, Gao J, Zhang C, Tang L, Lu SY, Shen CL, Zhang HX, Li Z, Meng P, Wan YH, Fei J, Wang ZG. 2-Aminoadipic acid protects against obesity and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2019; 243:111-123. [PMID: 31454789 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both complicated endocrine disorders resulting from an interaction between multiple predisposing genes and environmental triggers, while diet and exercise have key influence on metabolic disorders. Previous reports demonstrated that 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA), an intermediate metabolite of lysine metabolism, could modulate insulin secretion and predict T2D, suggesting the role of 2-AAA in glycolipid metabolism. Here, we showed that treatment of diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with 2-AAA significantly reduced body weight, decreased fat accumulation and lowered fasting glucose. Furthermore, Dhtkd1-/- mice, in which the substrate of DHTKD1 2-AAA increased to a significant high level, were resistant to DIO and obesity-related insulin resistance. Further study showed that 2-AAA induced higher energy expenditure due to increased adipocyte thermogenesis via upregulating PGC1α and UCP1 mediated by β3AR activation, and stimulated lipolysis depending on enhanced expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) through activating β3AR signaling. Moreover, 2-AAA could alleviate the diabetic symptoms of db/db mice. Our data showed that 2-AAA played an important role in regulating glycolipid metabolism independent of diet and exercise, implying that improving the level of 2-AAA in vivo could be developed as a strategy in the treatment of obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houbao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Gao
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Ling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Meng
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Han Wan
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China
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12
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Norton PA, Mehta AS. Expression of genes that control core fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2947-2960. [PMID: 31249452 PMCID: PMC6589740 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in N-linked glycosylation have been observed in the circulation of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, an elevation in the level of core fucosylation has been observed. However, the mechanisms through which core fucose is increased are not well understood. We hypothesized that a review of the literature and related bioinformatic review regarding six genes known to be involved in the attachment of core fucosylation, the synthesis of the fucosylation substrate guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-fucose, or the transport of the substrate into the Golgi might offer mechanistic insight into the regulation of core fucose levels.
AIM To survey the literature to capture the involvement of genes regulating core N-linked fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
METHODS The PubMed biomedical literature database was searched for the association of hepatocellular carcinoma and each of the core fucose-related genes and their protein products. We also queried The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) dataset for genetic, epigenetic and gene expression changes for the set of six genes using the tools at cBioportal.
RESULTS A total of 27 citations involving one or more of the core fucosylation-related genes (FPGT, FUK, FUT8, GMDS, SLC35C1, TSTA3) and hepatocellular carcinoma were identified. The same set of gene symbols was used to query the 371 patients with liver cancer in the LIHC dataset to identify the frequency of mRNA over or under expression, as well as non-synonymous mutations, copy number variation and methylation level. Although all six genes trended to more samples displaying over expression relative to under-expression, it was noted that a number of tumor samples had undergone amplification of the genes of the de novo synthesis pathway, GMDS (27 samples) and TSTA3 (78 samples). In contrast, the other four genes had undergone amplification in 2 or fewer samples.
CONCLUSION Amplification of genes involved in the de novo pathway for generation of GDP-fucose, GMDS and TSTA3, likely contributes to the elevated core fucose observed in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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13
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Rabin-Court A, Rodrigues MR, Zhang XM, Perry RJ. Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218126. [PMID: 31188872 PMCID: PMC6561592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased incidence and worse prognosis of more than one dozen tumor types; however, the molecular mechanisms for this association remain under debate. We hypothesized that insulin, which is elevated in obesity-driven insulin resistance, would increase tumor glucose oxidation in obesity-associated tumors. To test this hypothesis, we applied and validated a stable isotope method to measure the ratio of pyruvate dehydrogenase flux to citrate synthase flux (VPDH/VCS, i.e. the percent of total mitochondrial oxidation fueled by glucose) in tumor cells. Using this method, we found that three tumor cell lines associated with obesity (colon cancer [MC38], breast cancer [4T1], and prostate cancer [TRAMP-C3] cells) increase VPDH/VCS in response to physiologic concentrations of insulin. In contrast, three tumor cell lines that are not associated with obesity (melanoma [YUMM1.7], B cell lymphoma [BCL1 clone 5B1b], and small cell lung cancer [NCI-H69] cells) exhibited no oxidative response to insulin. The observed increase in glucose oxidation in response to insulin correlated with a dose-dependent increase in cell division in obesity-associated tumor cell lines when grown in insulin, whereas no alteration in cell division was seen in tumor types not associated with obesity. These data reveal that a shift in substrate preference in the setting of physiologic insulin may comprise a metabolic signature of obesity-associated tumors that differs from that of those not associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Rabin-Court
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marcos R. Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Oldford C, Kuksal N, Gill R, Young A, Mailloux RJ. Estimation of the hydrogen peroxide producing capacities of liver and cardiac mitochondria isolated from C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:15-27. [PMID: 30794944 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we examined the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing capacities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; complex II), and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), in cardiac and liver mitochondria isolated from C57BL/6N (6N) and C57BL/6J (6J) mice. Various inhibitor combinations were used to suppress ROS production by complexes I, II, and III and estimate the native rates of H2O2 production for these enzymes. Overall, liver mitochondria from 6N mice produced ∼2-fold more ROS than samples enriched from 6J mice. This was attributed, in part, to the higher levels of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) and catalase (CAT) in 6J mitochondria. Intriguingly, PDH, KGDH, and SDH comprised up to ∼95% of the ROS generating capacity of permeabilized 6N liver mitochondria, with PRODH, G3PDH, and BCKDH making minor contributions. By contrast, BCKDH accounted for ∼34% of the production in permeabilized 6J mitochondria with KGDH and PRODH accounting for ∼23% and ∼19%. G3PDH produced high amounts of ROS, accounting for ∼52% and ∼39% of the total H2O2 generating capacity in 6N and 6J heart mitochondria. PRODH was also an important ROS source in 6J mitochondria, accounting for ∼43% of the total H2O2 formed. In addition, 6J cardiac mitochondria produced significantly more ROS than 6N mitochondria. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that these other generators can also serve as important sources of H2O2. Additionally, we found that mouse strain influences the rate of production from the individual sites that were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Oldford
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Nidhi Kuksal
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robert Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Adrian Young
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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15
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Hansen SL, Svendsen PF, Jeppesen JF, Hoeg LD, Andersen NR, Kristensen JM, Nilas L, Lundsgaard AM, Wojtaszewski JFP, Madsbad S, Kiens B. Molecular Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle Underlying Insulin Resistance in Women Who Are Lean With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1841-1854. [PMID: 30544235 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Skeletal muscle molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To provide insight into mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle insulin resistance in women who are lean with PCOS. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with skeletal muscle biopsies was performed. Thirteen women who are lean who have hyperandrogenism and PCOS and seven age- and body mass index-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Skeletal muscle protein expression and phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blotting and intramuscular lipid content was measured by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Women with PCOS had 25% lower whole-body insulin sensitivity and 40% lower plasma adiponectin concentration than in control subjects. Intramuscular triacylglycerol, sn-1.3 diacylglycerol, and ceramide contents in skeletal muscle were higher (40%, 50%, and 300%, respectively) in women with PCOS than in control subjects. Activation of insulin signaling did not differ between groups. In women with PCOS, the insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was reduced and insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) Ser293 was absent. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 protein expression and basal Thr172 phosphorylation were 45% and 50% lower in women with PCOS than in control subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body insulin resistance in women who are lean who have hyperandrogenism and PCOS was not related to changes in the proximal part of the insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle despite lipid accumulation. Rather, reduced insulin sensitivity was potentially related to plasma adiponectin levels playing a modulating role in human skeletal muscle via AMPK. Furthermore, abnormal PDH regulation may contribute to reduced whole-body metabolic flexibility and thereby insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvejg L Hansen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille F Svendsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jacob F Jeppesen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise D Hoeg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Nilas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Nemeria NS, Gerfen G, Nareddy PR, Yang L, Zhang X, Szostak M, Jordan F. The mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes share their E2 and E3 components for their function and both generate reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:136-145. [PMID: 29191460 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein are reported unique properties of the novel human thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (hE1a), known as dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded by the DHTKD1 gene. It is involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate (OA) to glutaryl-CoA on the final degradative pathway of L-lysine and is critical for mitochondrial metabolism. Functionally active recombinant hE1a has been produced according to both kinetic and spectroscopic criteria in our toolbox leading to the following conclusions: (i) The hE1a has recruited the dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (hE2o) and the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (hE3) components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) for its activity. (ii) 2-Oxoglutarate (OG) and 2-oxoadipate (OA) could be oxidized by hE1a, however, hE1a displays an approximately 49-fold preference in catalytic efficiency for OA over OG, indicating that hE1a is specific to the 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex. (iii) The hE1a forms the ThDP-enamine radical from OA according to electron paramagnetic resonance detection in the oxidative half reaction, and could produce superoxide and H2O2 from decarboxylation of OA in the forward physiological direction, as also seen with the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase hE1o component. (iv) Once assembled to complex with the same hE2o and hE3 components, the hE1o and hE1a display strikingly different regulation: both succinyl-CoA and glutaryl-CoA significantly reduced the hE1o activity, but not the activity of hE1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
| | - Gary Gerfen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461-2304, USA
| | | | - Luying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
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17
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Biagosch C, Ediga RD, Hensler SV, Faerberboeck M, Kuehn R, Wurst W, Meitinger T, Kölker S, Sauer S, Prokisch H. Elevated glutaric acid levels in Dhtkd1-/Gcdh- double knockout mice challenge our current understanding of lysine metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2220-2228. [PMID: 28545977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is a rare organic aciduria caused by the autosomal recessive inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). GCDH deficiency leads to disruption of l-lysine degradation with characteristic accumulation of glutarylcarnitine and neurotoxic glutaric acid (GA), glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA). DHTKD1 acts upstream of GCDH, and its deficiency leads to none or often mild clinical phenotype in humans, 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria. We hypothesized that inhibition of DHTKD1 may prevent the accumulation of neurotoxic dicarboxylic metabolites suggesting DHTKD1 inhibition as a possible treatment strategy for GA-I. In order to validate this hypothesis we took advantage of an existing GA-I (Gcdh-/-) mouse model and established a Dhtkd1 deficient mouse model. Both models reproduced the biochemical and clinical phenotype observed in patients. Under challenging conditions of a high lysine diet, only Gcdh-/- mice but not Dhtkd1-/- mice developed clinical symptoms such as lethargic behaviour and weight loss. However, the genetic Dhtkd1 inhibition in Dhtkd1-/-/Gcdh-/- mice could not rescue the GA-I phenotype. Biochemical results confirm this finding with double knockout mice showing similar metabolite accumulations as Gcdh-/- mice with high GA in brain and liver. This suggests that DHTKD1 inhibition alone is not sufficient to treat GA-I, but instead a more complex strategy is needed. Our data highlights the many unresolved questions within the l-lysine degradation pathway and provides evidence for a so far unknown mechanism leading to glutaryl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Biagosch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raga Deepthi Ediga
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja-Viola Hensler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Faerberboeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kuehn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sauer
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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18
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Lu XM, Chen C, Zheng TL. Metagenomic Insights into Effects of Chemical Pollutants on Microbial Community Composition and Function in Estuarine Sediments Receiving Polluted River Water. Microb Ecol 2017; 73:791-800. [PMID: 27744476 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyrosequencing and metagenomic profiling were used to assess the phylogenetic and functional characteristics of microbial communities residing in sediments collected from the estuaries of Rivers Oujiang (OS) and Jiaojiang (JS) in the western region of the East China Sea. Another sediment sample was obtained from near the shore far from estuaries, used for contrast (CS). Characterization of estuary sediment bacterial communities showed that toxic chemicals potentially reduced the natural variability in microbial communities, while they increased the microbial metabolic enzymes and pathways. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrobenzene were negatively correlated with the bacterial community variation. The dominant class in the sediments was Gammaproteobacteria. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enzyme profiles, dominant enzymes were found in estuarine sediments, which increased greatly, such as 2-oxoglutarate synthase, acetolactate synthase, inorganic diphosphatase, and aconitate hydratase. In KEGG pathway profiles, most of the pathways were also dominated by specific metabolism in these sediments and showed a marked increase, for instance alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. The estuarine sediment bacterial diversity varied with the polluted river water inputs. In the estuary receiving river water from the more seriously polluted River Oujiang, the sediment bacterial community function was more severely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Lu
- Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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19
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Yu Y, Li T, Wu N, Ren L, Jiang L, Ji X, Huang H. Mechanism of Arachidonic Acid Accumulation during Aging in Mortierella alpina: A Large-Scale Label-Free Comparative Proteomics Study. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:9124-9134. [PMID: 27776414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid having various beneficial physiological effects on the human body. The aging of Mortierella alpina has long been known to significantly improve ARA yield, but the exact mechanism is still elusive. Herein, multiple approaches including large-scale label-free comparative proteomics were employed to systematically investigate the mechanism mentioned above. Upon ultrastructural observation, abnormal mitochondria were found to aggregate around shrunken lipid droplets. Proteomics analysis revealed a total of 171 proteins with significant alterations of expression during aging. Pathway analysis suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were accumulated and stimulated the activation of the malate/pyruvate cycle and isocitrate dehydrogenase, which might provide additional NADPH for ARA synthesis. EC 4.2.1.17-hydratase might be a key player in ARA accumulation during aging. These findings provide a valuable resource for efforts to further improve the ARA content in the oil produced by aging M. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Tao Li
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Lujing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, ΔCollege of Food Science and Light Industry, #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, China
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Michalak KP, Maćkowska-Kędziora A, Sobolewski B, Woźniak P. Key Roles of Glutamine Pathways in Reprogramming the Cancer Metabolism. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015:964321. [PMID: 26583064 PMCID: PMC4637129 DOI: 10.1155/2015/964321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (GLN) is commonly known as an important metabolite used for the growth of cancer cells but the effects of its intake in cancer patients are still not clear. However, GLN is the main substrate for DNA and fatty acid synthesis. On the other hand, it reduces the oxidative stress by glutathione synthesis stimulation, stops the process of cancer cachexia, and nourishes the immunological system and the intestine epithelium, as well. The current paper deals with possible positive effects of GLN supplementation and conditions that should be fulfilled to obtain these effects. The analysis of GLN metabolism suggests that the separation of GLN and carbohydrates in the diet can minimize simultaneous supply of ATP (from glucose) and NADPH2 (from glutamine) to cancer cells. It should support to a larger extent the organism to fight against the cancer rather than the cancer cells. GLN cannot be considered the effective source of ATP for cancers with the impaired oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibition. GLN intake restores decreased levels of glutathione in the case of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; thus, it facilitates regeneration processes of the intestine epithelium and immunological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Piotr Michalak
- Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Umultowska Street 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Nanobiomedical Center of Poznań, Umultowska Street 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Maćkowska-Kędziora
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chair of Cardiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa Street 1/2, 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogusław Sobolewski
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Outpatient Clinic, Rzgowska Street 281/289, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Woźniak
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Outpatient Clinic, Rzgowska Street 281/289, Łódź, Poland
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21
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Hagen J, te Brinke H, Wanders RJA, Knegt AC, Oussoren E, Hoogeboom AJM, Ruijter GJG, Becker D, Schwab KO, Franke I, Duran M, Waterham HR, Sass JO, Houten SM. Genetic basis of alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:873-9. [PMID: 25860818 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria is an autosomal recessive inborn error of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan degradation. To date, DHTKD1 mutations have been reported in two alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria patients. We have now sequenced DHTKD1 in nine patients diagnosed with alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria as well as one patient with isolated alpha-aminoadipic aciduria, and identified causal mutations in eight. We report nine novel mutations, including three missense mutations, two nonsense mutations, two splice donor mutations, one duplication, and one deletion and insertion. Two missense mutations, one of which was reported before, were observed in the majority of cases. The clinical presentation of this group of patients was inhomogeneous. Our results confirm that alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria is caused by mutations in DHTKD1, and further establish that DHTKD1 encodes the E1 subunit of the alpha-ketoadipic acid dehydrogenase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hagen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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22
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Khyzhnyak SV, Sorokina LV, Stepanova LI, Kaplia AA. Functional and dynamic state of inner mitochondrial membrane of sarcoma 37 in mice under administration of sodium dichloroacetate. Ukr Biochem J 2015; 86:106-18. [PMID: 25816611 DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of enzymes of the respiratory chain and structural-dynamic properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) of sarcoma 37 (S37) in mice under sodium dichloroacetate (SDA) administration in a daily dose of 86 mg/kg of body weight starting from the 2nd day after tumor transplantation were investigated. The dynamic and structural state of the IMM components was determined using the fluorescent probes. With S37 growth the intensification of glycolytic metabolism occurred on the background of suppressed functional capacity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. The changes of conformational properties of protein molecules and the increase of IMM lipid phase microviscosity were shown. The administration of SDA promotes the decrease of lactate content and the increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in S37. This was accompanied by further suppression of the functional activity of the respiratory chain complexes and H+-ATPase coupled with conformational modification ofprotein molecules and changes of the structural orderliness of the IMM lipid phase, possibly due to intensification of reactive oxygen species generation.
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23
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Rzem R, Achouri Y, Marbaix E, Schakman O, Wiame E, Marie S, Gailly P, Vincent MF, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E. A mouse model of L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a disorder of metabolite repair. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119540. [PMID: 25763823 PMCID: PMC4357467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, due to a defect in L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, by creating and studying a mouse model of this disease. L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase-deficient mice (l2hgdh-/-) accumulated L-2-hydroxyglutarate in tissues, most particularly in brain and testis, where the concentration reached ≈ 3.5 μmol/g. Male mice showed a 30% higher excretion of L-2-hydroxyglutarate compared to female mice, supporting that this dicarboxylic acid is partially made in males by lactate dehydrogenase C, a poorly specific form of this enzyme exclusively expressed in testes. Involvement of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in the formation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate was supported by the commensurate decrease in the formation of this dicarboxylic acid when down-regulating this enzyme in mouse l2hgdh-/- embryonic fibroblasts. The concentration of lysine and arginine was markedly increased in the brain of l2hgdh-/- adult mice. Saccharopine was depleted and glutamine was decreased by ≈ 40%. Lysine-α-ketoglutarate reductase, which converts lysine to saccharopine, was inhibited by L-2-hydroxyglutarate with a Ki of ≈ 0.8 mM. As low but significant activities of the bifunctional enzyme lysine-α-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase were found in brain, these findings suggest that the classical lysine degradation pathway also operates in brain and is inhibited by the high concentrations of L-2-hydroxyglutarate found in l2hgdh-/- mice. Pathological analysis of the brain showed significant spongiosis. The vacuolar lesions mostly affected oligodendrocytes and myelin sheats, as in other dicarboxylic acidurias, suggesting that the pathophysiology of this model of leukodystrophy may involve irreversible pumping of a dicarboxylate in oligodendrocytes. Neurobehavioral testing indicated that the mice mostly suffered from a deficit in learning capacity. In conclusion, the findings support the concept that L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a disorder of metabolite repair. The accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate exerts toxic effects through various means including enzyme inhibition and glial cell swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Rzem
- Welbio and Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Welbio and Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Cell Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elsa Wiame
- Welbio and Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Marie
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Vincent
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Welbio and Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- Welbio and Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Pirog TP, Shevchuk TA, Beregova KA, Kudrya NV. [PECULIARITIES OF GLUCOSE AND GLYCEROL METABOLISM IN Nocardia vaccinii IMB B-7405]. Ukr Biochem J 2015; 87:66-75. [PMID: 26255340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established that in cells of Nocardia vaccinii IMB B-7405 (surfactant producer) glucose catabolism is performed through pentose phosphate cycle as well as through gluconate (activity of NAD+-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and FAD+-dependent glucose dehydrogenase 835 ± 41 and 698 ± 35 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein respectively). 6-Phosphogluconate formed in the gluconokinase reaction is involved in the pentose phosphate cycle (activity of constitutive NADP+-dependent 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 357 ± 17 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein). Glycerol catabolism to dihydroxyacetonephosphate (the intermediate of glycolysis) may be performed in two ways: through glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol kinase activity 244 ± 12 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein) and through dihydroxyacetone. Replenishment of the C4-dicarboxylic acids pool in N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 grown on glucose and glycerol occurs in the phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)carboxylase reaction (714-803 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein). 2-Oxoglutarate was involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle by alternate pathway with the participation of 2-oxoglutarate synthase. The observed activity of both key enzymes of gluconeogenesis (PEP-carboxykinase and PEP-synthase), trehalose phosphate synthase and NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase confirmed the ability of IMV B-7405 strain to the synthesis of surface active glycoand aminolipids, respectively.
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25
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Alvarez-Calderon F, Gregory MA, Pham-Danis C, DeRyckere D, Stevens BM, Zaberezhnyy V, Hill AA, Gemta L, Kumar A, Kumar V, Wempe MF, Pollyea DA, Jordan CT, Serkova NJ, Graham DK, DeGregori J. Tyrosine kinase inhibition in leukemia induces an altered metabolic state sensitive to mitochondrial perturbations. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:1360-72. [PMID: 25547679 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) can be effective therapies for leukemia, they fail to fully eliminate leukemic cells and achieve durable remissions for many patients with advanced BCR-ABL(+) leukemias or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Through a large-scale synthetic lethal RNAi screen, we identified pyruvate dehydrogenase, the limiting enzyme for pyruvate entry into the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, as critical for the survival of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells upon BCR-ABL inhibition. Here, we examined the role of mitochondrial metabolism in the survival of Ph(+) leukemia and AML upon TK inhibition. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Ph(+) cancer cell lines, AML cell lines, leukemia xenografts, cord blood, and patient samples were examined. RESULTS We showed that the mitochondrial ATP-synthase inhibitor oligomycin-A greatly sensitized leukemia cells to TKI in vitro. Surprisingly, oligomycin-A sensitized leukemia cells to BCR-ABL inhibition at concentrations of 100- to 1,000-fold below those required for inhibition of respiration. Oligomycin-A treatment rapidly led to mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reduced ATP levels, and promoted superoxide production and leukemia cell apoptosis when combined with TKI. Importantly, oligomycin-A enhanced elimination of BCR-ABL(+) leukemia cells by TKI in a mouse model and in primary blast crisis CML samples. Moreover, oligomycin-A also greatly potentiated the elimination of FLT3-dependent AML cells when combined with an FLT3 TKI, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TKI therapy in leukemia cells creates a novel metabolic state that is highly sensitive to particular mitochondrial perturbations. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism as an adjuvant therapy could therefore improve therapeutic responses to TKI for patients with BCR-ABL(+) and FLT3(ITD) leukemias.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Ketone Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oligomycins/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Superoxides/metabolism
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alvarez-Calderon
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mark A Gregory
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine Pham-Danis
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brett M Stevens
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vadym Zaberezhnyy
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda A Hill
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lelisa Gemta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vijay Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael F Wempe
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel A Pollyea
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Craig T Jordan
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James DeGregori
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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26
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Wu Y, Williams EG, Dubuis S, Mottis A, Jovaisaite V, Houten SM, Argmann CA, Faridi P, Wolski W, Kutalik Z, Zamboni N, Auwerx J, Aebersold R. Multilayered genetic and omics dissection of mitochondrial activity in a mouse reference population. Cell 2014; 158:1415-1430. [PMID: 25215496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The manner by which genotype and environment affect complex phenotypes is one of the fundamental questions in biology. In this study, we quantified the transcriptome--a subset of the metabolome--and, using targeted proteomics, quantified a subset of the liver proteome from 40 strains of the BXD mouse genetic reference population on two diverse diets. We discovered dozens of transcript, protein, and metabolite QTLs, several of which linked to metabolic phenotypes. Most prominently, Dhtkd1 was identified as a primary regulator of 2-aminoadipate, explaining variance in fasted glucose and diabetes status in both mice and humans. These integrated molecular profiles also allowed further characterization of complex pathways, particularly the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)). UPR(mt) shows strikingly variant responses at the transcript and protein level that are remarkably conserved among C. elegans, mice, and humans. Overall, these examples demonstrate the value of an integrated multilayered omics approach to characterize complex metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Evan G Williams
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Dubuis
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Virginija Jovaisaite
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pouya Faridi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71349-14693, Iran
| | - Witold Wolski
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne 1010, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
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27
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Apontes P, Liu Z, Su K, Benard O, Youn DY, Li X, Li W, Mirza RH, Bastie CC, Jelicks LA, Pessin JE, Muzumdar RH, Sauve AA, Chi Y. Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. Diabetes 2014; 63:3626-36. [PMID: 24848064 PMCID: PMC4207399 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive dietary fat intake causes systemic metabolic toxicity, manifested in weight gain, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. In addition, carbohydrate utilization as a fuel is substantially inhibited. Correction or reversal of these effects during high-fat diet (HFD) intake is of exceptional interest in light of widespread occurrence of diet-associated metabolic disorders in global human populations. Here we report that mangiferin (MGF), a natural compound (the predominant constituent of Mangifera indica extract from the plant that produces mango), protected against HFD-induced weight gain, increased aerobic mitochondrial capacity and thermogenesis, and improved glucose and insulin profiles. To obtain mechanistic insight into the basis for these effects, we determined that mice exposed to an HFD combined with MGF exhibited a substantial shift in respiratory quotient from fatty acid toward carbohydrate utilization. MGF treatment significantly increased glucose oxidation in muscle of HFD-fed mice without changing fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that MGF redirects fuel utilization toward carbohydrates. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, MGF increased glucose and pyruvate oxidation and ATP production without affecting fatty acid oxidation, confirming in vivo and ex vivo effects. Furthermore, MGF inhibited anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate to lactate but enhanced pyruvate oxidation. A key target of MGF appears to be pyruvate dehydrogenase, determined to be activated by MGF in a variety of assays. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of activation of carbohydrate utilization in correction of metabolic syndrome and highlight the potential of MGF to serve as a model compound that can elicit fuel-switching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha Apontes
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kai Su
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Dou Y Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Xisong Li
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Raihan H Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Claire C Bastie
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics and Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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28
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Abstract
Human GDP-l-fucose synthase, also known as FX protein, synthesizes GDP-l-fucose from its substrate GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose. The reaction involves epimerization at both C-3 and C-5 followed by an NADPH-dependent reduction of the carbonyl at C-4. In this paper, the first crystal structure of human FX protein was determined at 2.37 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit of the crystal structure contains four molecules which form two homodimers. Each molecule consists of two domains, a Rossmann-fold NADPH-binding motif and a carboxyl terminal domain. Compared with the Escherichia coli GDP-l-fucose synthase, the overall structures of these two enzymes have four major differences. There are four loops in the structure of human FX protein corresponding to two α-helices and two β-sheets in that of the E. coli enzyme. Besides, there are seven different amino acid residues binding with NAPDH comparing human FX protein with that from E. coli. The structure of human FX reveals the key catalytic residues and could be useful for the design of drugs for the treatment of inflammation, auto-immune diseases, and possibly certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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29
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Kukes VG, Zhernakova NI, Gorbach TV, Romashchenko OV, Rumbesht VV. [Efficiency of trimetazidine treatment of experimental ischemic heart disease in age aspect]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2013; 76:9-12. [PMID: 23631276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of trimetazidine to 10-month-aged rats with experimental ischemic heart disease leads to an increase in carbohydrate utilization with energy purposes in myocardium, which is manifested by increasing activity of glycolysis enzymes with decreasing lactate level in myocardium, increasing activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in mitochondrial cardiomyocytes, and increasing ATP content in myocardium. This is accompanied by signs of stabilization of cardiomyocyte membranes and reduction in the degree of tissue hypoxia. The efficiency of trimetazidine decreases with increasing age: in 24-month-aged rats, the direction of changes is retained, but they are less pronounced.
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Lam PY, Ko KM. Beneficial effect of (-)schisandrin B against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced cell death in PC12 cells. Biofactors 2012; 38:219-25. [PMID: 22488872 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by the dysfunction of mitochondrial energy metabolism, which is associated with the functional impairment of succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex II), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Treatment with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a potent irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, replicates most of the pathophysiological features of HD. In the present study, we investigated the effect of (-)schisandrin B [(-)Sch B, a potent enantiomer of schisandrin B] on 3-NP-induced cell injury in rat differentiated neuronal PC12 cells. The 3-NP caused cell necrosis, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and mitochondrion-dependent cell apoptosis, as assessed by caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, in differentiated PC12 cells. The cytotoxicity induced by 3-NP was associated with a depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the activation of redox-sensitive c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the inhibition of PDH. (-)Sch B pretreatment (5 and 15 μM) significantly reduced the extent of necrotic and apoptotic cell death in 3-NP-challenged cells. The cytoprotection afforded by (-)Sch B pretreatment was associated with the attenuation of 3-NP-induced GSH depletion as well as JNK activation and PDH inhibition. (-)Sch B pretreatment enhanced cellular glutathione redox status and ameliorated the 3-NP-induced cellular energy crisis, presumably by suppressing the activated JNK-mediated PDH inhibition, thereby protecting against necrotic and apoptotic cell death in differentiated PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Y Lam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Irwin RW, Yao J, Ahmed SS, Hamilton RT, Cadenas E, Brinton RD. Medroxyprogesterone acetate antagonizes estrogen up-regulation of brain mitochondrial function. Endocrinology 2011; 152:556-67. [PMID: 21159850 PMCID: PMC3157324 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The impact of clinical progestins used in contraception and hormone therapies on the metabolic capacity of the brain has long-term implications for neurological health in pre- and postmenopausal women. Previous analyses indicated that progesterone and 17β-estradiol (E2) sustain and enhance brain mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity. Herein we determined the impact of the clinical progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), on glycolysis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in brain. Ovariectomized female rats were treated with MPA, E2, E2+MPA, or vehicle with ovary-intact rats serving as a positive control. MPA alone and MPA plus E2 resulted in diminished mitochondrial protein levels for pyruvate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, ATP synthase, manganese-superoxide dismutase, and peroxiredoxin V. MPA alone did not rescue the ovariectomy-induced decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetic function, whereas the coadministration of E2 and MPA exhibited moderate efficacy. However, the coadministration of MPA was detrimental to antioxidant defense, including manganese-superoxide dismutase activity/expression and peroxiredoxin V expression. Accumulated lipid peroxides were cleared by E2 treatment alone but not in combination with MPA. Furthermore, MPA abolished E2-induced enhancement of mitochondrial respiration in primary cultures of the hippocampal neurons and glia. Collectively these findings indicate that the effects of MPA differ significantly from the bioenergetic profile induced by progesterone and that, overall, MPA induced a decline in glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation protein and activity. These preclinical findings on the basis of acute exposure to MPA raise concerns regarding neurological health after chronic use of MPA in contraceptive and hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Irwin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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Tucci S, Vacula R, Krajcovic J, Proksch P, Martin W. Variability of wax ester fermentation in natural and bleached Euglena gracilis Strains in response to oxygen and the elongase inhibitor flufenacet. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2009; 57:63-9. [PMID: 20015184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is able to synthesize adenosine triphosphate under anaerobic conditions through a malonyl-independent fatty acid synthesis leading to wax ester fermentation. Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis uses acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA as C2- and C3-donors for de novo synthesis of even- and odd-numbered fatty acids, respectively. Euglena's wax ester fermentation has only been described in the E. gracilis strain 1224-5/25 Z. Here we investigate eight E. gracilis strains isolated in 1932-1958 from different localities in Europe and two bleached substrains of E. gracilis 1224-5/25, obtained by treatment with streptomycin and ofloxacin, and examine their anaerobic growth, wax ester fermentation, and wax ester composition. Under ambient oxygen levels, all strains accumulated wax esters in concentrations between 0.3% and 3.5% of the dry weight, but the strains revealed marked differences in wax ester accumulation with respect to anaerobic growth. Most fermenting strains tested showed increased wax ester synthesis under anaerobic conditions as well as the increased synthesis of odd-numbered fatty acids and alcohols suggesting an activation of the mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Addition of the elongase inhibitor flufenacet to the growth medium specifically reduced the accumulation of odd-numbered fatty acids and alcohols and tended to increase the overall yield of anaerobic wax esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tucci
- Institute of Botany III, Heinrich-Heine University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Roberts GC, Duckworth HW, Packman LC, Perham RN. Mobility and active-site coupling in 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 93:47-71. [PMID: 6340997 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720752.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes consist of multiple copies of each of three enzymes, 2-oxo acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoate acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), which catalyse successive steps in the overall reaction. The complexes are based on a structural core made up of the E2 chains, which also contain lipoic acid residues covalently attached to lysine residues. These lipoic acid residues are involved in transferring the substrate between the different active sites. A combination of limited proteolysis and 1H NMR experiments has shown that the E2 component has an unusual structure, having a substantial segment of polypeptide chain in the form of a highly flexible random coil. This flexibility allows the lipoyl-lysine residues to move rapidly over considerable distances, and provides a mechanism for the system of active-site coupling observed in these complexes.
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Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes replicates within the cytosol of mammalian cells. Mechanisms by which the bacterium exploits the host cytosolic environment for essential nutrients are poorly defined. L. monocytogenes is a lipoate auxotroph and must scavenge this critical cofactor, using lipoate ligases to facilitate attachment of the lipoyl moiety to metabolic enzyme complexes. Although the L. monocytogenes genome encodes two putative lipoate ligases, LplA1 and LplA2, intracellular replication and virulence require only LplA1. Here we show that LplA1 enables utilization of host-derived lipoyl peptides by L. monocytogenes. LplA1 is dispensable for growth in the presence of free lipoate, but necessary for growth on low concentrations of mammalian lipoyl peptides. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the intracellular growth defect of the DeltalplA1 mutant is rescued by addition of exogenous lipoic acid to host cells, suggesting that L. monocytogenes dependence on LplA1 is dictated by limiting concentrations of available host lipoyl substrates. Thus, the ability of L. monocytogenes and other intracellular pathogens to efficiently use host lipoyl peptides as a source of lipoate may be a requisite adaptation for life within the mammalian cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie M Keeney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 5641 Medical Sciences II, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620, USA
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Heath C, Posner MG, Aass HC, Upadhyay A, Scott DJ, Hough DW, Danson MJ. The 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex of the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum - recombinant expression, assembly and characterization. FEBS J 2007; 274:5406-15. [PMID: 17894823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aerobic archaea possess four closely spaced, adjacent genes that encode proteins showing significant sequence identities with the bacterial and eukaryal components comprising the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complexes. However, catalytic activities of such complexes have never been detected in the archaea, although 2-oxoacid ferredoxin oxidoreductases that catalyze the equivalent metabolic reactions are present. In the current paper, we clone and express the four genes from the thermophilic archaeon, Thermoplasma acidophilum, and demonstrate that the recombinant enzymes are active and assemble into a large (M(r) = 5 x 10(6)) multi-enzyme complex. The post-translational incorporation of lipoic acid into the transacylase component of the complex is demonstrated, as is the assembly of this enzyme into a 24-mer core to which the other components bind to give the functional multi-enzyme system. This assembled complex is shown to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain 2-oxoacids and pyruvate to their corresponding acyl-CoA derivatives. Our data constitute the first proof that the archaea possess a functional 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Heath
- Centre for Extremophile Research, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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Sanai M, Endo S, Matsunaga T, Ishikura S, Tajima K, El-Kabbani O, Hara A. Rat NAD+-dependent 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C17): A member of the aldo-keto reductase family highly expressed in kidney cytosol. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 464:122-9. [PMID: 17475203 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3alpha-HSDs) have been divided into two types: Cytosolic NADP(H)-dependent 3alpha-HSDs belonging to the aldo-keto reductase family, and mitochondrial and microsomal NAD(+)-dependent 3alpha-HSDs belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. In this study, we characterized a rat aldo-keto reductase (AKR1C17), whose functions are unknown. The recombinant AKR1C17 efficiently oxidized 3alpha-hydroxysteroids and bile acids using NAD(+) as the preferred coenzyme at an optimal pH of 7.4-9.5, and was inhibited by ketamine and organic anions. The mRNA for AKR1C17 was detected specifically in rat kidney, where the enzyme was more highly expressed as a cytosolic protein than NADP(H)-dependent 3alpha-HSD (AKR1C9). Thus, AKR1C17 represents a novel NAD(+)-dependent type of cytosolic 3alpha-HSD with unique inhibitor sensitivity and tissue distribution. In addition, the replacement of Gln270 and Glu276 of AKR1C17 with the corresponding residues of NADP(H)-dependent 3alpha-HSD resulted in a switch in favor of NADP(+) specificity, suggesting their key roles in coenzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Sanai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
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Laughton JD, Bittar P, Charnay Y, Pellerin L, Kovari E, Magistretti PJ, Bouras C. Metabolic compartmentalization in the human cortex and hippocampus: evidence for a cell- and region-specific localization of lactate dehydrogenase 5 and pyruvate dehydrogenase. BMC Neurosci 2007; 8:35. [PMID: 17521432 PMCID: PMC1899510 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-8-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a long time now, glucose has been thought to be the main, if not the sole substrate for brain energy metabolism. Recent data nevertheless suggest that other molecules, such as monocarboxylates (lactate and pyruvate mainly) could be suitable substrates. Although monocarboxylates poorly cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), such substrates could replace glucose if produced locally. The two key enzymatiques systems required for the production of these monocarboxylates are lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC1.1.1.27) that catalyses the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex that irreversibly funnels pyruvate towards the mitochondrial TCA and oxydative phosphorylation. RESULTS In this article, we show, with monoclonal antibodies applied to post-mortem human brain tissues, that the typically glycolytic isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-5; also called LDHA or LDHM) is selectively present in astrocytes, and not in neurons, whereas pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is mainly detected in neurons and barely in astrocytes. At the regional level, the distribution of the LDH-5 immunoreactive astrocytes is laminar and corresponds to regions of maximal 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the occipital cortex and hippocampus. In hippocampus, we observed that the distribution of the oxidative enzyme PDH was enriched in the neurons of the stratum pyramidale and stratum granulosum of CA1 through CA4, whereas the glycolytic enzyme LDH-5 was enriched in astrocytes of the stratum moleculare, the alveus and the white matter, revealing not only cellular, but also regional, selective distributions. The fact that LDH-5 immunoreactivity was high in astrocytes and occurred in regions where the highest uptake of 2-deoxyglucose was observed suggests that glucose uptake followed by lactate production may principally occur in these regions. CONCLUSION These observations reveal a metabolic segregation, not only at the cellular but also at the regional level, that support the notion of metabolic compartmentalization between astrocytes and neurons, whereby lactate produced by astrocytes could be oxidized by neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn D Laughton
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Neuropsychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle-Idée, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Bittar
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Neuropsychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle-Idée, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bittar Philippe, spéc. FMH psychiatrie et psychothérapie, av. de Miremont1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Yves Charnay
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Neuropsychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle-Idée, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enikö Kovari
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Neuropsychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle-Idée, Switzerland
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Brain and Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, University Medical Centre, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Constantin Bouras
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of Neuropsychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Belle-Idée, Switzerland
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Abstract
Mitochondria play central roles in acute brain injury; however, little is known about mitochondrial function following traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the immature brain. We hypothesized that TBI would cause mitochondrial dysfunction early (<4 h) after injury. Immature rats underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury to the left cortex, and mitochondria were isolated from both hemispheres at 1 and 4 h after TBI. Rates of phosphorylating (State 3) and resting (State 4) respiration were measured with and without bovine serum albumin. The respiratory control ratio was calculated (State 3/State 4). Rates of mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex enzyme activity, and cytochrome c content were measured. Mitochondrial State 4 rates (ipsilateral/contralateral ratios) were higher after TBI at 1 h, which was reversed with bovine serum albumin. Four hours after TBI, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and cytochrome c content (ipsilateral/contralateral ratios) were lower in TBI mitochondria. These data demonstrate abnormal mitochondrial function early (<or=4 h) after TBI in the developing brain. Future studies directed at reversing mitochondrial abnormalities could guide neuroprotective interventions after pediatric TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Faulx MD, Chandler MP, Zawaneh MS, Stanley WC, Hoit BD. Mouse strain-specific differences in cardiac metabolic enzyme activities observed in a model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:77-80. [PMID: 17201739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Alterations in myocardial energy metabolism accompany pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. We previously described a novel model of catecholamine-induced hypertrophy in which A/J mice exhibit more robust cardiac hypertrophy than B6 mice. Accordingly, we assessed the influence of mouse strain on the activities of key myocardial metabolic enzymes and whether there are strain-related metabolic adaptations to short-term, high-dose isoproterenol (ISO) administration. 2. Thirty-nine male mice (19 A/J mice, 20 B6 mice), aged 12-15 weeks, were randomly assigned to receive either ISO (100 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (sterile water) daily for 5 days. On Day 6, all hearts were excised, weighed, freeze clamped and assayed for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and citrate synthase activities. Plasma fatty acids (FA) were also measured. 3. The ISO-treated A/J mice demonstrated greater percentage increases in gravimetric heart weight/bodyweight ratio than ISO-treated B6 mice (24 vs 3%, respectively; P < 0.001). All enzyme activities were significantly greater in vehicle-treated B6 mice than in A/J mice, illustrating a greater capacity for aerobic metabolism in B6 mice. Administration of ISO reduced PDHa (active form) activity in B6 mice by 47% (P < 0.001), with no significant change seen in A/J mice. Free FA levels were not significantly different between groups; thus, the differences in PDHa were not due to changes in FA. 4. The basal activity of myocardial metabolic enzymes is greater in B6 mice than in A/J mice and ISO alters myocardial PDH activity in a mouse strain-dependent manner. Compared with A/J mice, B6 mice demonstrate less ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, but greater activity of key enzymes regulating FA and carbohydrate oxidation, which may protect against the development of hypertrophy. The metabolic adaptations associated with ISO-induced hypertrophy differ from those reported with pressure overload hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Faulx
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5038, USA
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Leblanc PJ, Harris RA, Peters SJ. Skeletal muscle fiber type comparison of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase activity and isoform expression in fed and food-deprived rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E571-6. [PMID: 17018773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00327.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fiber type specificity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphatase (PDP) was determined in fed (CON) and 48-h food-deprived (FD) rats. PDP activity and isoform protein content were determined in soleus (slow-twitch oxidative), red gastrocnemius (RG; fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic), and white gastrocnemius (WG; fast-twitch glycolytic) muscles. When normalized for mitochondrial volume, there was no difference in PDP activity between muscle types or CON and FD. When expressed per gram wet tissue weight, PDP activity was higher in RG compared with soleus and WG in both CON and FD rats. PDP activities from CON muscles were 1.48 +/- 0.19, 2.68 +/- 0.65, and 1.20 +/- 0.33 nmol x min(-1) x g wet tissue wt(-1) in soleus, RG, and WG, respectively, and decreased in FD muscles (1.22 +/- 0.22, 2.00 +/- 0.57, and 0.84 +/- 0.18 nmol x min(-1) x g wet tissue wt(-1)). This correlated with increased PDP2 protein, however, only in RG, as PDP2 was not detectable in soleus or WG. PDP1 protein was not responsive to food deprivation in all fiber types. In conclusion, PDP activity and protein content were higher in fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic muscles from CON and FD rats, identifying a unique inter- and intramuscular distribution. FD induced a small but significant decrease in PDP activity that was partially due to decreases in PDP2 protein. As a result, coordinate changes to PDP activity opposite to those of the other regulatory enzyme, PDH kinase, during food deprivation would maximize the inactivation of skeletal muscle PDH and enhance carbohydrate conservation during periods of limited carbohydrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Leblanc
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave., St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1.
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Abstract
Lipoate is an essential cofactor for key enzymes of oxidative metabolism. Plasmodium falciparum possesses genes for lipoate biosynthesis and scavenging, but it is not known if these pathways are functional, nor what their relative contribution to the survival of intraerythrocytic parasites might be. We detected in parasite extracts four lipoylated proteins, one of which cross-reacted with antibodies against the E2 subunit of apicoplast-localized pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Two highly divergent parasite lipoate ligase A homologues (LplA), LipL1 (previously identified as LplA) and LipL2, restored lipoate scavenging in lipoylation-deficient bacteria, indicating that Plasmodium has functional lipoate-scavenging enzymes. Accordingly, intraerythrocytic parasites scavenged radiolabelled lipoate and incorporated it into three proteins likely to be mitochondrial. Scavenged lipoate was not attached to the PDH E2 subunit, implying that lipoate scavenging drives mitochondrial lipoylation, while apicoplast lipoylation relies on biosynthesis. The lipoate analogue 8-bromo-octanoate inhibited LipL1 activity and arrested P. falciparum in vitro growth, decreasing the incorporation of radiolabelled lipoate into parasite proteins. Furthermore, growth inhibition was prevented by lipoate addition in the medium. These results are consistent with 8-bromo-octanoate specifically interfering with lipoate scavenging. Our study suggests that lipoate metabolic pathways are not redundant, and that lipoate scavenging is critical for Plasmodium intraerythrocytic survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean T. Prigge
- For correspondence. ; Tel. (+1) 443 287 4822; Fax (+1) 410 955 0105
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Choi KH, Morais MC, Anderson DL, Rossmann MG. Determinants of bacteriophage phi29 head morphology. Structure 2007; 14:1723-7. [PMID: 17098197 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage phi29 requires scaffolding protein to assemble the 450 x 540 A prolate prohead with T = 3 symmetry end caps. In infections with a temperature-sensitive mutant scaffolding protein, capsids assemble predominantly into 370 A diameter isometric particles with T = 3 symmetry that lack a head-tail connector. However, a few larger, 430 A diameter, particles are also assembled. Cryo-electron microscopy shows that these larger particles are icosahedral with T = 4 symmetry. The prolate prohead, as well as the two isometric capsids with T = 3 and T = 4 symmetry, are composed of similar pentamers and differently skewed hexamers. The skewing of the hexamers in the equatorial region of proheads and in the T = 4 isometric particles reflects their different environments. One of the functions of the scaffolding protein, present in the prohead, may be to stabilize skewed hexamers during assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung H Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Boyd JM, Ellsworth A, Ensign SA. Characterization of 2-bromoethanesulfonate as a selective inhibitor of the coenzyme m-dependent pathway and enzymes of bacterial aliphatic epoxide metabolism. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:8062-9. [PMID: 16997966 PMCID: PMC1698180 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00947-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth with short-chain aliphatic alkenes requires coenzyme M (CoM) (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid), which serves as the nucleophile for activation and conversion of epoxide products formed from alkene oxidation to central metabolites. In the present work the CoM analog 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) was shown to be a specific inhibitor of propylene-dependent growth of and epoxypropane metabolism by Xanthobacter autotrophicus strain Py2. BES (at low [millimolar] concentrations) completely prevented growth with propylene but had no effect on growth with acetone or n-propanol. Propylene consumption by cells was largely unaffected by the presence of BES, but epoxypropane accumulated in the medium in a time-dependent fashion with BES present. The addition of BES to cells resulted in time-dependent loss of epoxypropane degradation activity that was restored upon removal of BES and addition of CoM. Exposure of cells to BES resulted in a loss of epoxypropane-dependent CO(2) fixation activity that was restored only upon synthesis of new protein. Addition of BES to cell extracts resulted in an irreversible loss of epoxide carboxylase activity that was restored by addition of purified 2-ketopropyl-CoM carboxylase/oxidoreductase (2-KPCC), the terminal enzyme of epoxide carboxylation, but not by addition of epoxyalkane:CoM transferase or 2-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase, the enzymes which catalyze the first two reactions of epoxide carboxylation. Comparative studies of the propylene-oxidizing actinomycete Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain B276 showed that BES is an inhibitor of propylene-dependent growth in this organism as well but is not an inhibitor of CoM-independent growth with propane. These results suggest that BES inhibits propylene-dependent growth and epoxide metabolism via irreversible inactivation of the key CO(2)-fixing enzyme 2-KPCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Nemeria NS, Korotchkina LG, Chakraborty S, Patel MS, Jordan F. Acetylphosphinate is the most potent mechanism-based substrate-like inhibitor of both the human and Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Bioorg Chem 2006; 34:362-79. [PMID: 17070897 PMCID: PMC1783836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two analogues of pyruvate, acetylphosphinate and acetylmethylphosphinate were tested as inhibitors of the E1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) component of the human and Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes. This is the first instance of such studies on the human enzyme. The acetylphosphinate is a stronger inhibitor of both enzymes (Ki < 1 microM) than acetylmethylphosphinate. Both inhibitors are found to be reversible tight-binding inhibitors. With both inhibitors and with both enzymes, the inhibition apparently takes place by formation of a C2alpha-phosphinolactylthiamin diphosphate derivative, a covalent adduct of the inhibitor and the coenzyme, mimicking the behavior of substrate and forming a stable analogue of the C2alpha-lactylthiamin diphosphate. Formation of the intermediate analogue in each case is confirmed by the appearance of a positive circular dichroism band in the 305-306 nm range, attributed to the 1',4'-iminopyrimidine tautomeric form of the coenzyme. It is further shown that the alphaHis63 residue of the human E1 has a role in the formation of C2alpha-lactylthiamin diphosphate since the alphaHis63Ala variant is only modestly inhibited by either inhibitor, nor did either compound generate the circular dichroism bands assigned to different tautomeric forms of the 4'-aminopyrimidine ring of the coenzyme seen with the wild-type enzyme. Interestingly, opposite enantiomers of the carboligase side product acetoin are produced by the human and bacterial enzymes.
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Yamamoto M, Arai H, Ishii M, Igarashi Y. Role of two 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductases in Hydrogenobacter thermophilus under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 263:189-93. [PMID: 16978355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6 is a thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium that fixes carbon dioxide as a sole carbon source via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. 2-Oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (OGOR) is one of the key enzymes in the pathway. Strain TK-6 has at least two isozymes of OGOR, namely For and Kor. These OGORs showed different expression patterns under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. In this work, we developed a homologous recombination method for Hydrogenobacter, and constructed a For mutant and a Kor mutant. Observation of phenotypes of the mutant strains showed that Kor was essential for anaerobic growth and that For activity supported robust aerobic growth of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Baykal A, Chakraborty S, Dodoo A, Jordan F. Synthesis with good enantiomeric excess of both enantiomers of alpha-ketols and acetolactates by two thiamin diphosphate-dependent decarboxylases. Bioorg Chem 2006; 34:380-93. [PMID: 17083961 PMCID: PMC1702321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the decarboxylation of 2-oxo acids, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent decarboxylases/dehydrogenases can also carry out so-called carboligation reactions, where the central ThDP-bound enamine intermediate reacts with electrophilic substrates. For example, the enzyme yeast pyruvate decarboxylase (YPDC, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or the E1 subunit of the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc-E1) can produce acetoin and acetolactate, resulting from the reaction of the central thiamin diphosphate-bound enamine with acetaldehyde and pyruvate, respectively. Earlier, we had shown that some active center variants indeed prefer such a carboligase pathway to the usual one [Sergienko, Jordan, Biochemistry 40 (2001) 7369-7381; Nemeria et al., J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 21,473-21,482]. Herein is reported detailed analysis of the stereoselectivity for forming the carboligase products acetoin, acetolactate, and phenylacetylcarbinol by the E477Q and D28A YPDC, and the E636A and E636Q PDHc-E1 active-center variants. Both pyruvate and beta-hydroxypyruvate were used as substrates and the enantiomeric excess was analyzed by a combination of NMR, circular dichroism and chiral-column gas chromatographic methods. Remarkably, the two enzymes produced a high enantiomeric excess of the opposite enantiomer of both acetoin-derived and acetolactate-derived products, strongly suggesting that the facial selectivity for the electrophile in the carboligation is different in the two enzymes. The different stereoselectivities exhibited by the two enzymes could be utilized in the chiral synthesis of important intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Baykal
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers the State University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Mason GF, Petersen KF, de Graaf RA, Shulman GI, Rothman DL. Measurements of the anaplerotic rate in the human cerebral cortex using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and [1-13C] and [2-13C] glucose. J Neurochem 2006; 100:73-86. [PMID: 17076763 PMCID: PMC2995551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in rodent and human cerebral cortex have shown that glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycling is rapid and the major pathway of neuronal glutamate repletion. The rate of the cycle remains controversial in humans, because glutamine may come either from cycling or from anaplerosis via glial pyruvate carboxylase. Most studies have determined cycling from isotopic labeling of glutamine and glutamate using a [1-(13)C]glucose tracer, which provides label through neuronal and glial pyruvate dehydrogenase or via glial pyruvate carboxylase. To measure the anaplerotic contribution, we measured (13)C incorporation into glutamate and glutamine in the occipital-parietal region of awake humans while infusing [2-(13)C]glucose, which labels the C2 and C3 positions of glutamine and glutamate exclusively via pyruvate carboxylase. Relative to [1-(13)C]glucose, [2-(13)C]glucose provided little label to C2 and C3 glutamine and glutamate. Metabolic modeling of the labeling data indicated that pyruvate carboxylase accounts for 6 +/- 4% of the rate of glutamine synthesis, or 0.02 micromol/g/min. Comparison with estimates of human brain glutamine efflux suggests that the majority of the pyruvate carboxylase flux is used for replacing glutamate lost due to glial oxidation and therefore can be considered to support neurotransmitter trafficking. These results are consistent with observations made with arterial-venous differences and radiotracer methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme F Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8043, USA.
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Goudar C, Biener R, Zhang C, Michaels J, Piret J, Konstantinov K. Towards industrial application of quasi real-time metabolic flux analysis for mammalian cell culture. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2006; 101:99-118. [PMID: 16989259 DOI: 10.1007/10_020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular physiology and metabolism were monitored using a quasi real-time combination of on-line and off-line data to estimate metabolic fluxes in an established bioreaction network. The utility of this approach towards optimizing bioreactor operation was demonstrated for CHO cells cultivated in 15 L perfusion reactors at 20 x 10(6) cells/mL. Medium composition and dilution rates were changed to obtain several steady states with varying glucose and glutamine concentrations. When cells were restored to initial culture medium and perfusion rate conditions after being exposed to lower glucose and glutamine concentrations, the pyruvate flux into the TCA cycle was increased 30% while the pyruvate flux through lactate was decreased 30%, suggesting steady-state multiplicity. By appropriately altering cellular metabolism, perfusion bioreactors can operate at lower perfusion rates without significant accumulation of inhibitory metabolites such as lactate. Changes in glucose, lactate and glutamine uptake/production rates had significant effects on the calculation of other fluxes in the network. Sensitivity analysis of these key metabolic fluxes highlighted the need for accurate and reliable real-time sensors. Overall, rapid observation of metabolic fluxes can be a valuable tool for bioprocess development, monitoring and control. The framework presented in this study offers a convenient means for quasi real-time estimation of metabolic fluxes and represents a step towards realizing the potential of metabolic flux analysis for accelerated bioprocess optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Goudar
- Research & Development, Process Sciences, Bayer HealthCare, Biological Products Division, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
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