51
|
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer in which NF-κB pathways promote biological aggressiveness. In this issue of the JCI, Lesina et al. investigated the role of RelA, the p65 partner of p50 that together form the most common NF-κB complex, in the early stages of pancreatic malignant transformation and in established PDAC. By deleting Rela in the context of an oncogenic Kras-driven autochthonous model of PDAC, the authors demonstrated that RelA is a mediator of oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that attenuates acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) formation, and PanIN progression to PDAC. Loss of the tumor-suppressor function of RelA in the early stages of Kras-driven pancreatic neoplastic transformation was associated with decreased OIS and SASP and a protumorigenic tumor microenvironment that harbored more M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The beneficial effects of RelA were mediated by increased expression of CXCL1 and its activation of CXCR2. By contrast, in advanced stages of Kras-driven murine PDAC, loss of p53 or p16 was associated with senescence bypass, and RelA deficiency in this context attenuated cancer cell proliferation and prolonged mouse survival, indicating that RelA enhances tumor progression in established PDAC.
Collapse
|
52
|
Porciuncula A, Hajdu C, David G. The Dual Role of Senescence in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:1-20. [PMID: 27451122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of senescence as a tumor suppressor is well established; however, recent evidence has revealed novel paracrine functions for senescent cells in relation to their microenvironment, most notably protumorigenic roles in certain contexts. Senescent cells are capable of altering the inflammatory microenvironment through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which could have important consequences for tumorigenesis. The role of senescent cells in a highly inflammatory cancer like pancreatic cancer is still largely undefined, apart from the fact that senescence abrogation increases tumorigenesis in vivo. This review will summarize our current knowledge of the phenomenon of cellular senescence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, its overlapping link with inflammation, and some urgent unanswered questions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Porciuncula
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - C Hajdu
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - G David
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations of KRAS are the most frequent driver mutations in pancreatic cancer. Expression of an oncogenic allele of KRAS leads to metabolic changes and altered cellular signaling that both can increase the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increases in ROS have been shown to drive the formation and progression of pancreatic precancerous lesions by upregulating survival and growth factor signaling. A key issue for precancerous and cancer cells is to keep ROS at levels where they are beneficial for tumor development and progression, but below the threshold that leads to induction of senescence or cell death. In KRas-driven neoplasia aberrantly increased ROS levels are therefore balanced by an upregulation of antioxidant genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation requires changes in cellular identity. Emerging evidence increasingly points to cellular reprogramming, a process during which fully differentiated and functional cells lose aspects of their identity while gaining progenitor characteristics, as a critical early step during cancer initiation. This cell identity crisis persists even at the malignant stage in certain cancers, suggesting that reactivation of progenitor functions supports tumorigenicity. Here, we review recent findings that establish the essential role of cellular reprogramming during neoplastic transformation and the major players involved in it with a special emphasis on pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation requires changes in cellular identity. Emerging evidence increasingly points to cellular reprogramming, a process during which fully differentiated and functional cells lose aspects of their identity while gaining progenitor characteristics, as a critical early step during cancer initiation. This cell identity crisis persists even at the malignant stage in certain cancers, suggesting that reactivation of progenitor functions supports tumorigenicity. Here, we review recent findings that establish the essential role of cellular reprogramming during neoplastic transformation and the major players involved in it with a special emphasis on pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Taparra K, Tran PT, Zachara NE. Hijacking the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway to Promote EMT-Mediated Neoplastic Phenotypes. Front Oncol 2016; 6:85. [PMID: 27148477 PMCID: PMC4834358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved program necessary for orchestrating distant cell migration during embryonic development. Multiple studies in cancer have demonstrated a critical role for EMT during the initial stages of tumorigenesis and later during tumor invasion. Transcription factors (TFs) such as SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB are master EMT regulators that are aberrantly overexpressed in many malignancies. Recent evidence correlates EMT-related transcriptomic alterations with metabolic reprograming in cancer. Metabolic alterations may allow cancer to adapt to environmental stressors, supporting the irregular macromolecular demand of rapid proliferation. One potential metabolic pathway of increasing importance is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). The HBP utilizes glycolytic intermediates to generate the metabolite UDP-GlcNAc. This and other charged nucleotide sugars serve as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. Recent reports in the field of glycobiology have cultivated great curiosity within the cancer research community. However, specific mechanistic relationships between the HBP and fundamental pathways of cancer, such as EMT, have yet to be elucidated. Altered protein glycosylation downstream of the HBP is well positioned to mediate many cellular changes associated with EMT including cell-cell adhesion, responsiveness to growth factors, immune system evasion, and signal transduction programs. Here, we outline some of the basics of the HBP and putative roles the HBP may have in driving EMT-related cancer processes. With novel appreciation of the HBP's connection to EMT, we hope to illuminate the potential for new therapeutic targets of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kekoa Taparra
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Steele CW, Gill NAK, Jamieson NB, Carter CR. Targeting inflammation in pancreatic cancer: Clinical translation. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:380-388. [PMID: 27096033 PMCID: PMC4824716 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical modelling studies are beginning to aid development of therapies targeted against key regulators of pancreatic cancer progression. Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive, stromally-rich tumor, from which few people survive. Within the tumor microenvironment cellular and extracellular components exist, shielding tumor cells from immune cell clearance, and chemotherapy, enhancing progression of the disease. The cellular component of this microenvironment consists mainly of stellate cells and inflammatory cells. New findings suggest that manipulation of the cellular component of the tumor microenvironment is possible to promote immune cell killing of tumor cells. Here we explore possible immunogenic therapeutic strategies. Additionally extracellular stromal elements play a key role in protecting tumor cells from chemotherapies targeted at the pancreas. We describe the experimental findings and the pitfalls associated with translation of stromally targeted therapies to clinical trial. Finally, we discuss the key inflammatory signal transducers activated subsequent to driver mutations in oncogenic Kras in pancreatic cancer. We present the preclinical findings that have led to successful early trials of STAT3 inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal malignancy for which new treatment and diagnostic approaches are urgently needed. In order for such breakthroughs to be discovered, researchers require systems that accurately model the development and biology of PDA. While cell lines, genetically engineered murine models, and xenografts have all led to valuable clinical insights, organotypic culture models have emerged as tractable systems to recapitulate the complex three-dimensional organization of PDA. Recently, multiple methods for modeling PDA using organoids have been reported. This review aims to summarize these organoid methods in the context of other PDA models. While each model system has unique benefits and drawbacks, ultimately, organoids hold special promise for the development of personalized medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Baker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Das S, Handler JS, Hajdu CH, Coffre M, Koralov SB, Bar-Sagi D. IL35-Producing B Cells Promote the Development of Pancreatic Neoplasia. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:247-55. [PMID: 26715643 PMCID: PMC5709038 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A salient feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an abundant fibroinflammatory response characterized by the recruitment of immune and mesenchymal cells and the consequent establishment of a protumorigenic microenvironment. Here, we report the prominent presence of B cells in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and PDAC lesions as well as in oncogenic Kras-driven pancreatic neoplasms in the mouse. The growth of orthotopic pancreatic neoplasms harboring oncogenic Kras was significantly compromised in B-cell-deficient mice (μMT), and this growth deficiency could be rescued by the reconstitution of a CD1d(hi)CD5(+) B-cell subset. The protumorigenic effect of B cells was mediated by their expression of IL35 through a mechanism involving IL35-mediated stimulation of tumor cell proliferation. Our results identify a previously unrecognized role for IL35-producing CD1d(hi)CD5(+) B cells in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and underscore the potential significance of a B-cell/IL35 axis as a therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies a B-cell subpopulation that accumulates in the pancreatic parenchyma during early neoplasia and is required to support tumor cell growth. Our findings provide a rationale for exploring B-cell-based targeting approaches for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shipra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jesse S Handler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Cristina H Hajdu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maryaline Coffre
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Serresi M, Gargiulo G, Proost N, Siteur B, Cesaroni M, Koppens M, Xie H, Sutherland KD, Hulsman D, Citterio E, Orkin S, Berns A, van Lohuizen M. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Is a Barrier to KRAS-Driven Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:17-31. [PMID: 26766588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) are frequently implicated in human cancer, acting either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Here, we show that PRC2 is a critical regulator of KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer progression. Modulation of PRC2 by either Ezh2 overexpression or Eed deletion enhances KRAS-driven adenomagenesis and inflammation, respectively. Eed-loss-driven inflammation leads to massive macrophage recruitment and marked decline in tissue function. Additional Trp53 inactivation activates a cell-autonomous epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program leading to an invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. A switch between methylated/acetylated chromatin underlies the tumor phenotypic evolution, prominently involving genes controlled by Hippo/Wnt signaling. Our observations in the mouse models were conserved in human cells. Importantly, PRC2 inactivation results in context-dependent phenotypic alterations, with implications for its therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Serresi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Natalie Proost
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Siteur
- Mouse Clinic Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matteo Cesaroni
- The Fels Institute, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Martijn Koppens
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huafeng Xie
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kate D Sutherland
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Hulsman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Citterio
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart Orkin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Lohuizen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Centre (CGC.nl), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Kras(G12D) induces EGFR-MYC cross signaling in murine primary pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:3880-6. [PMID: 26592448 PMCID: PMC4877299 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has a critical role in oncogenic Kras-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, the downstream targets of this signaling network are largely unknown. We developed a novel model system utilizing murine primary pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs), genetically engineered to allow time-specific expression of oncogenic KrasG12D from the endogenous promoter. We show that primary PDECs are susceptible to KrasG12D-driven transformation and form pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) in vivo after Cdkn2a inactivation. In addition, we demonstrate that activation of KrasG12D induces an EGFR signaling loop to drive proliferation. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of EGFR fails to decrease KrasG12D-activated ERK or PI3K signaling. Instead our data provide novel evidence that EGFR signaling is needed to activate the oncogenic and pro-proliferative transcription factor c-MYC. EGFR and c-MYC have been shown to be essential for pancreatic carcinogenesis. Importantly, our data link both pathways and thereby, explain the crucial role of EGFR for KrasG12D-driven carcinogenesis in the pancreas.
Collapse
|
62
|
Beck B, Lapouge G, Rorive S, Drogat B, Desaedelaere K, Delafaille S, Dubois C, Salmon I, Willekens K, Marine JC, Blanpain C. Different levels of Twist1 regulate skin tumor initiation, stemness, and progression. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:67-79. [PMID: 25575080 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Twist1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. However, it remains unclear whether Twist1 is also required for tumor initiation and whether Twist1-induced cancer stemness and EMT are functionally linked. Using a conditional deletion of Twist1 at different stages of skin carcinogenesis, we show that Twist1 is required for skin tumor initiation and progression in a gene-dosage-dependent manner. Moreover, conditional ablation of Twist1 in benign tumors leads to increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, and defective tumor maintenance and propagation independently of its EMT-inducing abilities. Concomitant deletion of Twist1 and p53 rescues the apoptotic response, but not the cell proliferation and propagation defects. These results reveal that Twist1 is required for tumor initiation and maintenance in a p53-dependent and -independent manner. Importantly, our findings also indicate that tumor stemness and EMT can be regulated by distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Beck
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Lapouge
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; DIAPATH - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Drogat
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kylie Desaedelaere
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Delafaille
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; DIAPATH - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Karen Willekens
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Aceto N, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. En Route to Metastasis: Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Trends Cancer 2015; 1:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
64
|
Nishi M, Akutsu H, Kudoh A, Kimura H, Yamamoto N, Umezawa A, Lee SW, Ryo A. Induced cancer stem-like cells as a model for biological screening and discovery of agents targeting phenotypic traits of cancer stem cell. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8665-80. [PMID: 25228591 PMCID: PMC4226712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) retain the capacity to propagate themselves through self-renewal and to produce heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells constituting the tumor. Novel drugs that target CSCs can potentially eliminate the tumor initiating cell population therefore resulting in complete cure of the cancer. We recently established a CSC-like model using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to reprogram and partially differentiate human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. Using the induced CSC-like (iCSCL) model, we developed a phenotypic drug assay system to identify agents that inhibit the stemness and self-renewal properties of CSCs. The selectivity of the agents was assessed using three distinct assays characterized by cell viability, cellular stemness and tumor sphere formation. Using this approach, we found that withaferin A (WA), an Ayurvedic medicine constituent, was a potent inhibitor of CSC stemness leading to cellular senescence primarily via the induction of p21Cip1 expression. Moreover, WA exhibited strong anti-tumorigenic activity against the iCSCL. These results indicate that our iCSCL model provides an innovative high throughput platform for a simple, easy, and cost-effective method to search for novel CSC-targeting drugs. Furthermore, our current study identified WA as a putative drug candidate for abrogating the stemness and tumor initiating ability of CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kudoh
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Bednar F, Schofield HK, Collins MA, Yan W, Zhang Y, Shyam N, Eberle JA, Almada LL, Olive KP, Bardeesy N, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Nakada D, Simeone DM, Morrison SJ, Pasca di Magliano M. Bmi1 is required for the initiation of pancreatic cancer through an Ink4a-independent mechanism. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:730-8. [PMID: 25939753 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is involved in the initiation and progression of many epithelial cancers. BMI1, a component of the polycomb protein family, plays a key role in these processes by controlling the histone ubiquitination and long-term repression of multiple genomic loci. BMI1 has previously been implicated in pancreatic homeostasis and the function of pancreatic cancer stem cells. However, no work has yet addressed its role in the early stages of pancreatic cancer development. Here, we show that BMI1 is required for the initiation of murine pancreatic neoplasia using a novel conditional knockout of Bmi1 in combination with a Kras(G12D)-driven pancreatic cancer mouse model. We also demonstrate that the requirement for Bmi1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis is independent of the Ink4a/Arf locus and at least partially mediated by dysregulation of reactive oxygen species. Our data provide new evidence of the importance of this epigenetic regulator in the genesis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Present address: Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | | | | | - Jaime A Eberle
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luciana L Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean J Morrison
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA and
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ansieau S, Collin G, Hill L. EMT or EMT-Promoting Transcription Factors, Where to Focus the Light? Front Oncol 2014; 4:353. [PMID: 25566496 PMCID: PMC4267187 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Ansieau
- INSERM UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France ; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France ; LabEX DEVweCAN , Lyon , France ; UNIV UMR1052 , Lyon , France ; Centre Léon Bérard , Lyon , France
| | - Guillaume Collin
- INSERM UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France ; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France ; LabEX DEVweCAN , Lyon , France ; UNIV UMR1052 , Lyon , France ; Centre Léon Bérard , Lyon , France
| | - Louise Hill
- INSERM UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France ; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France ; LabEX DEVweCAN , Lyon , France ; UNIV UMR1052 , Lyon , France ; Centre Léon Bérard , Lyon , France
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Moir JAG, White SA, Mann J. Arrested development and the great escape--the role of cellular senescence in pancreatic cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:142-8. [PMID: 25461770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The outcomes of pancreatic cancer remain dismal due to late clinical presentation and the aggressive nature of the disease. A heterogeneous combination of genetic mutations, including KRAS, INK4a/CDKN2A and p53, underpin the propensity of pancreatic cancer to rapidly invade and disseminate. These oncogenes and tumour suppressors are strongly associated with cellular senescence, therefore suggesting this process as having a key role in malignant transformation. In the context of cancer, oncogenic stimuli trigger the senescent phenotype resulting in cell cycle growth arrest and prevention of progression of premalignant lesions such as PanINs. However mutations of the aforementioned oncogenes or tumour suppressors result in cells escaping senescence and thus allowing tumours to progress. This review presents current evidence regarding both senescence induction and escape with respect to pancreatic cancer, highlighting the key roles of p19ARF, p53, Rb and P16INK4a. The epigenetic regulatory component is also discussed, with relevance to DNA methylation and HDACs. Lastly the role of the tumour microenvironment, and in particular pancreatic stellate cells, is discussed with regards to the induction of a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), with SASP-associated secretory factors contributing to the pro-tumorigenic effects of the surrounding activated stroma. Further work is required in this field to elucidate the most important pathways relating to cellular senescence that contribute to the belligerent nature of this disease, with the aim of discovering therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A G Moir
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A White
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Mann
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Grabliauskaite K, Hehl AB, Seleznik GM, Saponara E, Schlesinger K, Zuellig RA, Dittmann A, Bain M, Reding T, Sonda S, Graf R. p21WAF1/Cip1limits senescence and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia formation during pancreatitis. J Pathol 2014; 235:502-14. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamile Grabliauskaite
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Hehl
- Institute of Parasitology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Gitta M Seleznik
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Enrica Saponara
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Schlesinger
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Richard A Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Anja Dittmann
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martha Bain
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Bitterman PB, Polunovsky VA. eIF4E-mediated translational control of cancer incidence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:774-80. [PMID: 25263391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen activated translation initiation factor eIF4E mediates normal cell proliferation, yet induces tumorigenesis when deregulated and overexpressed. It remains unknown, how activated eIF4E directs such distinct biological outputs. Our experimental data provide evidence that distinct threshold levels of eIF4E govern its biological output in lactating mammary glands and that eIF4E overexpression in the context of cell population expansion can initiate malignant transformation by enabling cells to evade DNA damage checkpoints caused by hyperproliferative oncogenic stimuli. These findings point at the cellular level of eIF4E as an important sensor for normal or pro-neoplastic propagation of cells. Here, we describe a model that links the pro-neoplastic function of eIF4F to its ability to disable oncogene-activated tumor surveillance programs; and propose a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention based upon targeting aberrant eIF4E with safe doses of small-molecule antagonists to ensure the maintenance of eIF4E levels below the pro-neoplastic threshold. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translation and Cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Bitterman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Vitaly A Polunovsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Li X, Nadauld L, Ootani A, Corney DC, Pai RK, Gevaert O, Cantrell MA, Rack PG, Neal JT, Chan CWM, Yeung T, Gong X, Yuan J, Wilhelmy J, Robine S, Attardi LD, Plevritis SK, Hung KE, Chen CZ, Ji HP, Kuo CJ. Oncogenic transformation of diverse gastrointestinal tissues in primary organoid culture. Nat Med 2014; 20:769-77. [PMID: 24859528 PMCID: PMC4087144 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of primary organoid cultures containing epithelial and mesenchymal elements to cancer modeling holds promise for combining the accurate multilineage differentiation and physiology of in vivo systems with the facile in vitro manipulation of transformed cell lines. Here we used a single air-liquid interface culture method without modification to engineer oncogenic mutations into primary epithelial and mesenchymal organoids from mouse colon, stomach and pancreas. Pancreatic and gastric organoids exhibited dysplasia as a result of expression of Kras carrying the G12D mutation (Kras(G12D)), p53 loss or both and readily generated adenocarcinoma after in vivo transplantation. In contrast, primary colon organoids required combinatorial Apc, p53, Kras(G12D) and Smad4 mutations for progressive transformation to invasive adenocarcinoma-like histology in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo, recapitulating multi-hit models of colorectal cancer (CRC), as compared to the more promiscuous transformation of small intestinal organoids. Colon organoid culture functionally validated the microRNA miR-483 as a dominant driver oncogene at the IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor-2) 11p15.5 CRC amplicon, inducing dysplasia in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. These studies demonstrate the general utility of a highly tractable primary organoid system for cancer modeling and driver oncogene validation in diverse gastrointestinal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Lincoln Nadauld
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Akifumi Ootani
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - David C. Corney
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Reetesh K. Pai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael A. Cantrell
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Paul G. Rack
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - James T. Neal
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Carol W-M. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Trevor Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Xue Gong
- Baxter Laboratories and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jenny Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Julie Wilhelmy
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Sylvie Robine
- Equipe de Morphogenèse et Signalisation cellulaires, UMR 144 CNRS/Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Laura D. Attardi
- Division of Radiation Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Sylvia K. Plevritis
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Kenneth E. Hung
- Department of Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Chang-Zheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Hanlee P. Ji
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Calvin J. Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Grasso D, Garcia MN, Hamidi T, Cano C, Calvo E, Lomberk G, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. Genetic inactivation of the pancreatitis-inducible gene Nupr1 impairs PanIN formation by modulating Kras(G12D)-induced senescence. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1633-41. [PMID: 24902898 PMCID: PMC4158688 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1), a small chromatin protein, has a critical role in cancer development, progression and resistance to therapy. Previously, we had demonstrated that Nupr1 cooperates with KrasG12D to induce pancreas intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN) formation and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development in mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Nupr1 influences Kras-mediated preneoplastic growth remain to be fully characterized. In the current study, we report evidence supporting a role for Nupr1 as a gene modifier of KrasG12D-induced senescence, which must be overcome to promote PanIN formation. We found that genetic inactivation of Nupr1 in mice impairs Kras-induced PanIN, leading to an increase in β-galactosidase-positive cells and an upregulation of surrogate marker genes for senescence. More importantly, both of these cellular and molecular changes are recapitulated by the results of mechanistic experiments using RNAi-based inactivation of Nupr1 in human pancreatic cancer cell models. In addition, the senescent phenotype, which results from Nupr1 inactivation, is accompanied by activation of the FoxO3a-Skp2-p27Kip1-pRb-E2F pathway in vivo and in vitro. Thus, combined, these results show, for the first time, that Nupr1 aids oncogenic Kras to bypass senescence in a manner that cooperatively promotes PanIN formation. Besides its mechanistic importance, this new knowledge bears medical relevance as it delineates early pathobiological events that may be targeted in the future as a means to interfere with the formation of preneoplastic lesions early during pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Grasso
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - M N Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - T Hamidi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - C Cano
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - E Calvo
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - G Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Dibra D, Mishra L, Li S. Molecular mechanisms of oncogene-induced inflammation and inflammation-sustained oncogene activation in gastrointestinal tumors: an under-appreciated symbiotic relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:152-60. [PMID: 24821201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an integral part in tumor initiation. Specifically, patients with colitis, pancreatitis, or hepatitis have an increased susceptibility to cancer. The activation, mutation, and overexpression of oncogenes have been well documented in cell proliferation and transformation. Recently, oncogenes were found to also regulate the inflammatory milieu in tumors. Similarly, the inflammatory milieu can promote oncogene activation. In this review, we summarize advances of the symbiotic relationship oncogene activation and inflammation in gastrointestinal tumors such as colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic tumors. NF-κB and STAT3 are the two most common pathways that are deregulated via these oncogenes. Understanding these interactions may yield effective therapeutic strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denada Dibra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Rielland M, Cantor DJ, Graveline R, Hajdu C, Mara L, Diaz BDD, Miller G, David G. Senescence-associated SIN3B promotes inflammation and pancreatic cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2125-35. [PMID: 24691445 DOI: 10.1172/jci72619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is strikingly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches. We previously demonstrated that the histone deacetylase-associated protein SIN3B is essential for oncogene-induced senescence in cultured cells. Here, using a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we have demonstrated that SIN3B is required for activated KRAS-induced senescence in vivo. Surprisingly, impaired senescence as the result of genetic inactivation of Sin3B was associated with delayed PDAC progression and correlated with an impaired inflammatory response. In murine and human pancreatic cells and tissues, levels of SIN3B correlated with KRAS-induced production of IL-1α. Furthermore, evaluation of human pancreatic tissue and cancer cells revealed that Sin3B was decreased in control and PDAC samples, compared with samples from patients with pancreatic inflammation. These results indicate that senescence-associated inflammation positively correlates with PDAC progression and suggest that SIN3B has potential as a therapeutic target for inhibiting inflammation-driven tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
74
|
Court H, Amoyel M, Hackman M, Lee KE, Xu R, Miller G, Bar-Sagi D, Bach EA, Bergö MO, Philips MR. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase deficiency exacerbates KRAS-driven pancreatic neoplasia via Notch suppression. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4681-94. [PMID: 24216479 DOI: 10.1172/jci65764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers. Despite decades of effort, anti-RAS therapies have remained elusive. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) methylates RAS and other CaaX-containing proteins, but its potential as a target for cancer therapy has not been fully evaluated. We crossed a Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mouse, which is a model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), with a mouse harboring a floxed allele of Icmt. Surprisingly, we found that ICMT deficiency dramatically accelerated the development and progression of neoplasia. ICMT-deficient pancreatic ductal epithelial cells had a slight growth advantage and were resistant to premature senescence by a mechanism that involved suppression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4A) expression. ICMT deficiency precisely phenocopied Notch1 deficiency in the Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D model by exacerbating pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, promoting facial papillomas, and derepressing Wnt signaling. Silencing ICMT in human osteosarcoma cells decreased Notch1 signaling in response to stimulation with cell-surface ligands. Additionally, targeted silencing of Ste14, the Drosophila homolog of Icmt, resulted in defects in wing development, consistent with Notch loss of function. Our data suggest that ICMT behaves like a tumor suppressor in PDA because it is required for Notch1 signaling.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Carcinoma in Situ/genetics
- Carcinoma in Situ/metabolism
- Carcinoma in Situ/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development
- Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Male
- Metaplasia
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Methyltransferases/deficiency
- Protein Methyltransferases/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
|
75
|
|
76
|
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a multistep process by which tumor cells disseminate from their primary site and form secondary tumors at a distant site. Metastasis occurs through a series of steps: local invasion, intravasation, transport, extravasation, and colonization. A developmental program termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in promoting metastasis in epithelium-derived carcinoma. Recent experimental and clinical studies have improved our knowledge of this dynamic program and implicated EMT and its reverse program, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), in the metastatic process. Here, we review the functional requirement of EMT and/or MET during the individual steps of tumor metastasis and discuss the potential of targeting this program when treating metastatic diseases.
Collapse
|
77
|
Heublein S, Grasse K, Hessel H, Burges A, Lenhard M, Engel J, Kirchner T, Jeschke U, Mayr D. KRAS, BRAF genotyping reveals genetic heterogeneity of ovarian borderline tumors and associated implants. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:483. [PMID: 24139521 PMCID: PMC4015926 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients diagnosed for a serous ovarian borderline tumor (s-BOT) typically present with an excellent clinical outcome. However there have been controversies concerning the prognostic impact of so-called implants, an extra ovarian spread occurring alongside the s-BOT in certain cases. It remains obscure whether these implants actually resemble metastasis owning the same genetic pattern as the ovarian primary or whether they develop independently. Methods The current study, in the aim of further clarifying the genetic origin of implants, assessed BRAF/KRAS hot spot mutations and the p53/p16INK4a immunophenotype of s-BOTs and corresponding implants (n = 49) of 15 patients by pyro-sequencing and immunostaining, respectively. Results A significant proportion of both s-BOTs and implants showed KRAS or BRAF mutation and though p16INK4a was found to be abundantly expressed, p53 immunoreactivity was rather low. When genotypes of BRAF/KRAS mutated s-BOTs and corresponding implants were compared no patient presented with a fully matching mutation profile of s-BOTs and all corresponding implants. Conclusions The current study reveals genetic heterogeneity of s-BOTs and implants, as none of the markers examined showed constant reciprocity. Hence, our findings may assist to explain the different clinical presentation of s-BOTs and implants and might encourage to applying more individualized follow up protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Inhibition of pancreatic carcinoma by homo- and heterocombinations of antibodies against EGF-receptor and its kin HER2/ErbB-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15389-94. [PMID: 24003140 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313857110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to intrinsic aggressiveness and lack of effective therapies, prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains dismal. Because the only molecular targeted drug approved for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a kinase inhibitor specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and this receptor collaborates with another kinase, called HER2 (human EGF-receptor 2), we assumed that agents targeting EGFR and/or HER2 would effectively retard pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Accordingly, two immunological strategies were tested in animal models: (i) two antibodies able to engage distinct epitopes of either EGFR or HER2 were separately combined, and (ii) pairs of one antibody to EGFR and another to HER2. Unlike the respective single monoclonal antibodies, which induced weak effects, both types of antibody combinations synergized in animals in terms of tumor inhibition. Immunological cooperation may not depend on receptor density, antigenic sites, or the presence of a mutant RAS protein. Nevertheless, both types of antibody combinations enhanced receptor degradation. Future efforts will examine the feasibility of each strategy and the potential of combining them to achieve sustained tumor inhibition.
Collapse
|
79
|
Activation of interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 by human papillomavirus early proteins 6 induces fibroblast senescence to promote cervical tumourigenesis through autocrine and paracrine pathways in tumour microenvironment. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3889-99. [PMID: 23953057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although it is reported that interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical cancer cells, little is known about the role of IL-6/STAT3 in tumour microenvironment during development of the disease. In this study, we found that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) but not normal fibroblasts (NF) secrete high level of IL-6 with activated STAT3 and appear senescent at early passages in culture or in cervical cancer tissues infected with high-risk HPV, and that treatment of NF with recombinant IL-6 or CAF conditioned medium (CM) induces activation of STAT3 and cellular senescence. IL-6 and STAT3 are either upregulated or activated in Siha and Hela cells infected with HPV 16 or 18, but not in C33A and ME180 cells without HPV 16 or 18 infection. Overexpression of HPV early proteins 6 (E6) activates STAT3, increases IL-6 expression and tumour burden in C33A and ME180 cells, while silencing of HPV E6 by specific shRNA reduces STAT3 activation, IL-6 expression, and tumour formation in Siha and HeLa cells, so does silencing of STAT3 by specific shRNA in HeLa and C33A/E6 cells. The tumour growth of cervical cancer cells reconstituted with CAF or NF is largely affected by inhibition of fibroblast senescence with STAT3 inhibitor or with IL-6 antibody treatment. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism that fibroblast senescence promotes cervical cancer development through high-risk HPV E6-activated IL-6/STAT3 signalling in tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
|
80
|
Zheng Q, Gao J, Li H, Guo W, Mao Q, Gao E, Zhu YQ. Trefoil factor 3 peptide regulates migration via a Twist-dependent pathway in gastric cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:6-12. [PMID: 23845905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a member of the TFF-domain peptide family and essential in regulating cell migration and maintaining mucosal integrity in gastrointestinal tract. However, the role of TFF3 and its downstream regulating mechanisms in cancer cell migration remain unclear. We previously reported that TFF3 prolonged the up-regulation of Twist protein to modulate IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the role of Twist protein in TFF3-induced migration of SGC7901 cells. While Twist was activated by TFF3, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Twist abolished TFF3-induced cell migration. Furthermore, the migration related marker CK-8 as well as ZO-1 and MMP-9 was also regulated by TFF3 via a Twist-dependent mechanism. Our study suggests that Twist, as an important potential downstream effector, plays a key role in TFF3-modulated metastasis in gastric cancer and can be a promising therapeutic target against intestinal-type gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zheng
- Division of Cell Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Lee KE, Bar-Sagi D. Microdissection and culture of murine pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 980:267-79. [PMID: 23359159 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-287-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the complexity of morphological presentation and variability in clinical outcomes observed in -epithelial cancers, it is important to understand how genomic perturbations and resultant molecular aberrations lead to acquisition of tumorigenic phenotypes. Complex 3D epithelial culture systems provide investigators with the ability to propagate and manipulate primary cells in an appropriate physical setting in order to deconstruct the contribution of a given genetic lesion(s) to the process of cellular transformation. Pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDEC) can give rise to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-precursor lesions that precede pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). In this chapter, we describe a series of methods for derivation and culture of primary PDEC, which can be used to elucidate the mechanistic contribution of oncogenic insults to the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
di Magliano MP, Logsdon CD. Roles for KRAS in pancreatic tumor development and progression. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1220-9. [PMID: 23622131 PMCID: PMC3902845 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Kras gene is mutated to an oncogenic form in most pancreatic tumors. However, early attempts to use this molecule as a specific biomarker of the disease, or inhibit its activity as a cancer therapy, failed. This left a situation in which everyone was aware of the association between this important oncogene and pancreatic cancer, but no one knew what to do about it. Recent findings have changed this picture-many assumptions made about KRAS and its role in pancreatic cancer were found to be incorrect. Several factors have contributed to increased understanding of the activities of KRAS, including creation of genetically engineered mouse models, which have allowed for detailed analyses of pancreatic carcinogenesis in an intact animal with a competent immune system. Cancer genome sequencing projects have increased our understanding of the heterogeneity of individual tumors. We also have a better understanding of which oncogenes are important for tumor maintenance and are therefore called "drivers." We review the advances and limitations of our knowledge about the role of Kras in development of pancreatic cancers and the important areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas,Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Steele CW, Jamieson NB, Evans TRJ, McKay CJ, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Carter CR. Exploiting inflammation for therapeutic gain in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:997-1003. [PMID: 23385734 PMCID: PMC3619061 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with <5% 5-year survival, in which standard chemotherapeutics have limited benefit. The disease is associated with significant intra- and peritumoral inflammation and failure of protective immunosurveillance. Indeed, inflammatory signals are implicated in both tumour initiation and tumour progression. The major pathways regulating PDAC-associated inflammation are now being explored. Activation of leukocytes, and upregulation of cytokine and chemokine signalling pathways, both have been shown to modulate PDAC progression. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may be of benefit as part of a multi-target approach to PDAC therapy. This review explores the pathways known to modulate inflammation at different stages of tumour development, drawing conclusions on their potential as therapeutic targets in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Steele
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - N B Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - T R J Evans
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - C J McKay
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - O J Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - J P Morton
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - C R Carter
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Tokarsky-Amiel R, Azazmeh N, Helman A, Stein Y, Hassan A, Maly A, Ben-Porath I. Dynamics of senescent cell formation and retention revealed by p14ARF induction in the epidermis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2829-39. [PMID: 23423975 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of cell-cycle arrest accompanied by dramatic morphologic and metabolic changes, is a central means by which cells respond to physiologic stress and oncogene activity. Senescence is thought to play important roles in aging and in tumor suppression, yet the dynamics by which senescent cells are formed, their effects on tissue function and their eventual fate are poorly understood. To study cellular senescence within an adult tissue, we developed transgenic mice inducibly expressing p14(ARF) (human ortholog of murine p19(ARF)), a central activator of senescence. Induction of p14(ARF) in the epidermis rapidly led to widespread apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, a stage that was transient, and was followed by p53-dependent cellular senescence. The endogenous Cdkn2a products p19(ARF) and p16(Ink4a) were activated by the transgenic p14(ARF) through p53, revealing a senescence-promoting feed-forward loop. Commitment of cells to senescence required continued p14(ARF) expression, indicating that entry into this state depends on a persistent signal. However, once formed, senescent cells were retained in the epidermis, often for weeks after transgene silencing, indicating an absence of an efficient rapidly acting mechanism for their removal. Stem cells in the hair follicle bulge were largely protected from apoptosis upon p14(ARF) induction, but irreversibly lost their ability to proliferate and initiate follicle growth. Interestingly, induction of epidermal hyperplasia prevented the appearance of senescent cells upon p14(ARF) induction. Our findings provide basic insights into the dynamics of cellular senescence, a central tumor- suppressive mechanism, and reveal the potential for prolonged retention of senescent cells within tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Tokarsky-Amiel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah School of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Burns TF, Dobromilskaya I, Murphy SC, Gajula RP, Thiyagarajan S, Chatley SNH, Aziz K, Cho YJ, Tran PT, Rudin CM. Inhibition of TWIST1 leads to activation of oncogene-induced senescence in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:329-38. [PMID: 23364532 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A large fraction of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are dependent on defined oncogenic driver mutations. Although targeted agents exist for EGFR- and EML4-ALK-driven NSCLCs, no therapies target the most frequently found driver mutation, KRAS. Furthermore, acquired resistance to the currently targetable driver mutations is nearly universally observed. Clearly a novel therapeutic approach is needed to target oncogene-driven NSCLCs. We recently showed that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist1 cooperates with mutant Kras to induce lung adenocarcinoma in transgenic mouse models and that inhibition of Twist1 in these models led to Kras-induced senescence. In the current study, we examine the role of TWIST1 in oncogene-driven human NSCLCs. Silencing of TWIST1 in KRAS-mutant human NSCLC cell lines resulted in dramatic growth inhibition and either activation of a latent oncogene-induced senescence program or, in some cases, apoptosis. Similar effects were observed in EGFR mutation-driven and c-Met-amplified NSCLC cell lines. Growth inhibition by silencing of TWIST1 was independent of p53 or p16 mutational status and did not require previously defined mediators of senescence, p21 and p27, nor could this phenotype be rescued by overexpression of SKP2. In xenograft models, silencing of TWIST1 resulted in significant growth inhibition of KRAS-mutant, EGFR-mutant, and c-Met-amplified NSCLCs. Remarkably, inducible silencing of TWIST1 resulted in significant growth inhibition of established KRAS-mutant tumors. Together these findings suggest that silencing of TWIST1 in oncogene driver-dependent NSCLCs represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Burns
- Departments of 1Oncology and 2Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Fischer BM, Wong JK, Degan S, Kummarapurugu AB, Zheng S, Haridass P, Voynow JA. Increased expression of senescence markers in cystic fibrosis airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L394-400. [PMID: 23316069 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00091.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by chronic neutrophilic airway inflammation and increased levels of neutrophil elastase (NE) in the airways. We have previously reported that NE treatment triggers cell cycle arrest. Cell cycle arrest can lead to senescence, a complete loss of replicative capacity. Importantly, senescent cells can be proinflammatory and would perpetuate CF chronic inflammation. By immunohistochemistry, we evaluated whether airway sections from CF and control subjects expressed markers of senescence, including p16(INK4a) (p16), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, phospho-Histone H2A.X (γH2A.X), and phospho-checkpoint 2 kinase (phospho-Chk2), which are also DNA damage response markers. Compared with airway epithelium from control subjects, CF airway epithelium had increased levels of expression of all three senescence markers. We hypothesized that the high load of NE in the CF airway triggers epithelial senescence by upregulating expression of p16, which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, cultured in air-liquid interface were treated with NE (0, 200, and 500 nM) to induce visible injury. Total cell lysates were collected and evaluated by Western analysis for p16 protein expression and CDK4 kinase activity. NE significantly increased p16 expression and decreased CDK4 kinase activity in NHBE cells. These results support the concept that NE triggers expression of senescence markers in CF airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Fischer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Ardito CM, Grüner BM, Takeuchi KK, Lubeseder-Martellato C, Teichmann N, Mazur PK, DelGiorno KE, Carpenter ES, Halbrook CJ, Hall JC, Pal D, Briel T, Herner A, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Sipos B, Liou GY, Storz P, Murray NR, Threadgill DW, Sibilia M, Washington MK, Wilson CL, Schmid RM, Raines EW, Crawford HC, Siveke JT. EGF receptor is required for KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:304-17. [PMID: 22975374 PMCID: PMC3443395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is definitively linked to activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene. However, PDA mouse models show that mutant Kras expression early in development gives rise to a normal pancreas, with tumors forming only after a long latency or pancreatitis induction. Here, we show that oncogenic KRAS upregulates endogenous EGFR expression and activation, the latter being dependent on the EGFR ligand sheddase, ADAM17. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of EGFR or ADAM17 effectively eliminates KRAS-driven tumorigenesis in vivo. Without EGFR activity, active RAS levels are not sufficient to induce robust MEK/ERK activity, a requirement for epithelial transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Ardito
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Barbara M. Grüner
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Clara Lubeseder-Martellato
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Teichmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Pawel K. Mazur
- Department of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Eileen S. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Christopher J. Halbrook
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Jason C. Hall
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Debjani Pal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Thomas Briel
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Herner
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Geou-Yarh Liou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Nicole R. Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Carole L. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Elaine W. Raines
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195
| | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
- Correspondence: (HCC); (JTS), listed alphabetically
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (HCC); (JTS), listed alphabetically
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Piccinin S, Tonin E, Sessa S, Demontis S, Rossi S, Pecciarini L, Zanatta L, Pivetta F, Grizzo A, Sonego M, Rosano C, Dei Tos AP, Doglioni C, Maestro R. A "twist box" code of p53 inactivation: twist box: p53 interaction promotes p53 degradation. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:404-15. [PMID: 22975381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twist proteins have been shown to contribute to cancer development and progression by impinging on different regulatory pathways, but their mechanism of action is poorly defined. By investigating the role of Twist in sarcomas, we found that Twist1 acts as a mechanism alternative to TP53 mutation and MDM2 overexpression to inactivate p53 in mesenchymal tumors. We provide evidence that Twist1 binds p53 C terminus through the Twist box. This interaction hinders key posttranslational modifications of p53 and facilitates its MDM2-mediated degradation. Our study suggests the existence of a Twist box code of p53 inactivation and provides the proof of principle that targeting the Twist box:p53 interaction might offer additional avenues for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Piccinin
- Experimental Oncology 1, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Involvement of inflammatory factors in pancreatic carcinogenesis and preventive effects of anti-inflammatory agents. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 35:203-27. [PMID: 22955327 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to be a risk for many cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Heavy alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking are major causes of pancreatitis, and epidemiological studies have shown that smoking and chronic pancreatitis are risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Meanwhile, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are elevated in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer tissues in humans and in animal models. Selective inhibitors of iNOS and COX-2 suppress pancreatic cancer development in a chemical carcinogenesis model of hamsters treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP). In addition, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and type II diabetes are also suggested to be associated with chronic inflammation in the pancreas and involved in pancreatic cancer development. We have shown that a high-fat diet increased pancreatic cancer development in BOP-treated hamsters, along with aggravation of hyperlipidemia, severe fatty infiltration, and increased expression of adipokines and inflammatory factors in the pancreas. Of note, fatty pancreas has been observed in obese and/or diabetic cases in humans. Preventive effects of anti-hyperlipidemic/anti-diabetic agents on pancreatic cancer have also been shown in humans and animals. Taking this evidence into consideration, modulation of inflammatory factors by anti-inflammatory agents will provide useful data for prevention of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
90
|
Interactions between wild-type and mutant Ras genes in lung and skin carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2012; 32:4028-33. [PMID: 22945650 PMCID: PMC3515692 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ras oncogenes (Hras, Kras, and Nras) are important drivers of carcinogenesis. However, tumors with Ras mutations often show loss of the corresponding wildtype (WT) allele, suggesting that proto-oncogenic forms of Ras can function as a suppressor of carcinogenesis. In vitro studies also suggest that WT Ras proteins can suppress the tumorigenic properties of alternate mutant Ras family members, but in vivo evidence for these heterologous interactions is lacking. We have investigated the genetic interactions between different combinations of mutant and WT Ras alleles in vivo using carcinogen-induced lung and skin carcinogenesis in mice with targeted deletion of different Ras family members. The major suppressor effect of WT Kras is observed only in mutant Kras-driven lung carcinogenesis, where loss of one Kras allele led to increased tumor number and size. Deletion of one Hras allele dramatically reduced the number of skin papillomas with Hras mutations, consistent with Hras as the major target of mutation in these tumors. However, skin carcinoma numbers were very similar, suggesting that WT Hras functions as a suppressor of progression from papillomas to invasive squamous carcinomas. In the skin, the Kras proto-oncogene functions cooperatively with mutant Hras to promote papilloma development, although the effect is relatively small. In contrast, the Hras proto-oncogene attenuated the activity of mutant Kras in lung carcinogenesis. Interestingly, loss of Nras increased the number of mutant Kras-induced lung tumors but decreased the number of mutant Hras-induced skin papillomas. These results show that the strongest suppressor effects of WT Ras are only seen in the context of mutation of the cognate Ras protein, and only relatively weak effects are detected on tumor development induced by mutations in alternative family members. The data also underscore the complex and context-dependent nature of interactions between proto-oncogenic and oncogenic forms of different Ras family members during tumor development.
Collapse
|
91
|
Appleman VA, Ahronian LG, Cai J, Klimstra DS, Lewis BC. KRAS(G12D)- and BRAF(V600E)-induced transformation of murine pancreatic epithelial cells requires MEK/ERK-stimulated IGF1R signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1228-39. [PMID: 22871572 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0340-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of KRAS is a common initiating event in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Yet, the specific roles of KRAS-stimulated signaling pathways in the transformation of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDEC), putative cells of origin for PDAC, remain unclear. Here, we show that KRAS(G12D) and BRAF(V600E) enhance PDEC proliferation and increase survival after exposure to apoptotic stimuli in a manner dependent on MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling. Interestingly, we find that activation of PI3K/AKT signaling occurs downstream of MAP-ERK kinase (MEK), and is dependent on the autocrine activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor (IGF1R) by IGF2. Importantly, IGF1R inhibition impairs KRAS(G12D)- and BRAF(V600E)-induced survival, whereas ectopic IGF2 expression rescues KRAS(G12D)- and BRAF(V600E)-mediated survival downstream of MEK inhibition. Moreover, we show that KRAS(G12D)- and BRAF(V600E)-induced tumor formation in an orthotopic model requires IGF1R. Interestingly, we show that while individual inhibition of MEK or IGF1R does not sensitize PDAC cells to apoptosis, their concomitant inhibition reduces survival. Our findings identify a novel mechanism of PI3K/AKT activation downstream of activated KRAS, illustrate the importance of MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and IGF1R signaling in pancreatic tumor initiation, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Appleman
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Kang R, Tang D. Autophagy in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:383-396. [PMID: 22860230 PMCID: PMC3410583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cancer to cause death due to advanced stage at diagnosis and poor response to current treatment. Autophagy is the lysosome-mediated degradation pathway which plays a critical role in cellular defense, quality control, and energy metabolism. Targeting autophagy is now an exciting field for translational cancer research, as autophagy dysfunction is among the hallmarks of cancer. Pancreatic tumors have elevated autophagy under basal conditions when compared with other epithelial cancers. This review describes our current understanding of the interaction between autophagy and pancreatic cancer development, including risk factors (e.g., pancreatitis, smoking, and alcohol use), tumor microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia and stromal cells), and molecular biology (e.g., K-Ras and p53) of pancreatic cancer. The importance of the HMGB1-RAGE pathway in regulation of autophagy and pancreatic cancer is also presented. Finally, we describe current studies involving autophagy inhibition using either pharmacological inhibitors (e.g., chloroquine) or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes that regulate chemotherapy sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. Summarily, autophagy plays multiple roles in the regulation of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and treatment, although the exact mechanisms remain unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Lee KE, Hajdu CH, Miller G, Bar-Sagi D. Oncogenic Kras-induced GM-CSF production promotes the development of pancreatic neoplasia. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:836-47. [PMID: 22698407 PMCID: PMC3721510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal responses elicited by early stage neoplastic lesions can promote tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the early recruitment of stromal cells to sites of neoplasia remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an oncogenic Kras(G12D)-dependent upregulation of GM-CSF in mouse pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). An enhanced GM-CSF production is also observed in human PanIN lesions. Kras(G12D)-dependent production of GM-CSF in vivo is required for the recruitment of Gr1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid cells. The suppression of GM-CSF production inhibits the in vivo growth of Kras(G12D)-PDECs, and, consistent with the role of GM-CSF in Gr1(+)CD11b(+) mobilization, this effect is mediated by CD8(+) T cells. These results identify a pathway that links oncogenic activation to the evasion of antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyoung Eun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina H. Hajdu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - George Miller
- Departments of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Tran PT, Shroff EH, Burns TF, Thiyagarajan S, Das ST, Zabuawala T, Chen J, Cho YJ, Luong R, Tamayo P, Salih T, Aziz K, Adam SJ, Vicent S, Nielsen CH, Withofs N, Sweet-Cordero A, Gambhir SS, Rudin CM, Felsher DW. Twist1 suppresses senescence programs and thereby accelerates and maintains mutant Kras-induced lung tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002650. [PMID: 22654667 PMCID: PMC3360067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutant lung cancers are generally refractory to chemotherapy as well targeted agents. To date, the identification of drugs to therapeutically inhibit K-RAS have been unsuccessful, suggesting that other approaches are required. We demonstrate in both a novel transgenic mutant Kras lung cancer mouse model and in human lung tumors that the inhibition of Twist1 restores a senescence program inducing the loss of a neoplastic phenotype. The Twist1 gene encodes for a transcription factor that is essential during embryogenesis. Twist1 has been suggested to play an important role during tumor progression. However, there is no in vivo evidence that Twist1 plays a role in autochthonous tumorigenesis. Through two novel transgenic mouse models, we show that Twist1 cooperates with KrasG12D to markedly accelerate lung tumorigenesis by abrogating cellular senescence programs and promoting the progression from benign adenomas to adenocarcinomas. Moreover, the suppression of Twist1 to physiological levels is sufficient to cause Kras mutant lung tumors to undergo senescence and lose their neoplastic features. Finally, we analyzed more than 500 human tumors to demonstrate that TWIST1 is frequently overexpressed in primary human lung tumors. The suppression of TWIST1 in human lung cancer cells also induced cellular senescence. Hence, TWIST1 is a critical regulator of cellular senescence programs, and the suppression of TWIST1 in human tumors may be an effective example of pro-senescence therapy. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The Twist1 gene encodes for an essential transcription factor required for embryogenesis and overexpressed in many cancer types. It has yet to be shown in vivo whether Twist1 plays a role in the initiation or maintenance of cancer. Here we demonstrate using novel transgenic mouse models that Twist1 cooperates to induce lung tumorigenesis by suppressing cellular senescence programs. Moreover, the suppression of Twist1 in murine tumors elicited cellular senescence and the loss of a neoplastic phenotype. We found that TWIST1 is commonly overexpressed in human lung cancers. Finally, the inhibition of TWIST1 levels in human lung cancer cells was associated with loss of proliferation, induction of cellular senescence, and the inability to form tumors in mice. Hence, we conclude that TWIST1 is a key regulator of cellular senescence programs during tumorigenesis. The targeted inactivation of TWIST1 may be an effective pro-senescence therapy for human lung adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PTT); (DWF)
| | - Emelyn H. Shroff
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy F. Burns
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saravanan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sandhya T. Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tahera Zabuawala
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joy Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard Luong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tarek Salih
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Khaled Aziz
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stacey J. Adam
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Carsten H. Nielsen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia Withofs
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dean W. Felsher
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PTT); (DWF)
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ras-related tumorigenesis is suppressed by BNIP3-mediated autophagy through inhibition of cell proliferation. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1171-82. [PMID: 22241963 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays diverse roles in Ras-related tumorigenesis. H-ras(val12) induces autophagy through multiple signaling pathways including Raf-1/ERK pathway, and various ERK downstream molecules of autophagy have been reported. In this study, Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is identified as a downstream transducer of the Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathway to induce autophagy. BNIP3 was upregulated by H-ras(val12) at the transcriptional level to compete with Beclin 1 for binding with Bcl-2. H-ras(val12)-induced autophagy suppresses cell proliferation demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo by expression of ectopic BNIP3, Atg5, or interference RNA of BNIP3 (siBNIP3) and Atg5 (shAtg5) using mouse NIH3T3 and embryo fibroblast cells. H-ras(val12) induces different autophagic responses depending on the duration of Ras overexpression. After a short time (48 hours) of Ras overexpression, autophagy inhibits cell proliferation. In contrast, a longer time (2 weeks) of Ras overexpression, cell proliferation was enhanced by autophagy. Furthermore, overexpression of mutant Ras, BNIP3, and LC3-II was detected in bladder cancer T24 cells and the tumor parts of 75% of bladder cancer specimens indicating a positive correlation between autophagy and tumorigenesis. Taken together, our mouse model demonstrates a balance between BNIP3-mediated autophagy and H-ras(val12)-induced tumor formation and reveals that H-ras(val12) induces autophagy in a BNIP3-dependent manner, and the threshold of autophagy plays a decisive role in H-ras(val12)-induced tumorigenesis. Our findings combined with others' reports suggest a new therapeutic strategy against Ras-related tumorigenesis by negative or positive regulation of autophagic activity, which is determined by the level of autophagy and tumor progression stages.
Collapse
|
96
|
Pérez-Mancera PA, Guerra C, Barbacid M, Tuveson DA. What we have learned about pancreatic cancer from mouse models. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:1079-92. [PMID: 22406637 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Pérez-Mancera
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge Research Institute, and Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, England
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Acosta JC, Gil J. Senescence: a new weapon for cancer therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
98
|
Kanda M, Matthaei H, Wu J, Hong SM, Yu J, Borges M, Hruban RH, Maitra A, Kinzler K, Vogelstein B, Goggins M. Presence of somatic mutations in most early-stage pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:730-733.e9. [PMID: 22226782 PMCID: PMC3321090 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More information is needed about genetic factors that initiate development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms-the most common precursors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We show that more than 99% of the earliest-stage, lowest-grade, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm-1 lesions contain mutations in KRAS, p16/CDKN2A, GNAS, or BRAF. These findings could improve our understanding of the development and progression of these premalignant lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Hanno Matthaei
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Michael Borges
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A,Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A,Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Kenneth Kinzler
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A,Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A,Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A,Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A,Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205-2196, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Bitterman PB, Polunovsky VA. Translational control of cell fate: from integration of environmental signals to breaching anticancer defense. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1097-107. [PMID: 22356766 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.6.19610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their genetic diversity, different cancers manifest common features at the protein pathway level. They share a core group of perturbed pathways that converge upon a few regulatory hubs linking the cellular signaling network with the basic metabolic machinery. Available evidence indicates that one such hub is the eIF4F-mediated cap-dependent mRNA translation initiation apparatus, whose integrity is required for physiological control of growth, proliferation and viability. However, when hyperactivated by upstream oncogenic signaling, eIF4F selectively stimulates the translation of a group of mRNAs required for cancer genesis and progression. Here, we describe a model that links the pro-neoplastic function of eIF4F to its ability to disable oncogene-activated tumor surveillance programs and propose a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer based upon targeting aberrant eIF4F with small-molecule antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Bitterman
- Department of Medicine and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
DiNorcia J, Lee MK, Moroziewicz DN, Winner M, Suman P, Bao F, Remotti HE, Zou YS, Yan SF, Qiu W, Su GH, Schmidt AM, Allendorf JD. RAGE gene deletion inhibits the development and progression of ductal neoplasia and prolongs survival in a murine model of pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16:104-12; discussion 112. [PMID: 22052106 PMCID: PMC4049447 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is implicated in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Activating Kras mutations and p16 inactivation are genetic abnormalities most commonly detected as pancreatic ductal epithelium progresses from intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to adenocarcinoma (PDAC). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RAGE (or AGER) deletion on the development of PanIN and PDAC in conditional Kras ( G12D ) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+) mice were crossed with RAGE (-/-) mice to generate Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+) ; RAGE (-/-) mice. Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+); p16 ( Ink4a-/-) mice were crossed with RAGE (-/-) mice to generate Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+); p16 ( Ink4a-/-); RAGE (-/-) mice. Pancreatic ducts were scored and compared to the relevant RAGE (+/+) controls. RESULTS At 16 weeks of age, Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+); RAGE (-/-) mice had significantly fewer high-grade PanIN lesions than Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+); RAGE (+/+) controls. At 12 weeks of age, none of the Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+); p16 ( Ink4a-/-); RAGE (-/-) mice had PDAC compared to a 45.5% incidence of PDAC in Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+); p16 ( Ink4a-/-); RAGE (+/+) controls. Finally, Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras ( G12D/+); p16 ( Ink4a-/-); RAGE (-/-) mice also displayed markedly longer median survival. CONCLUSION Loss of RAGE function inhibited the development of PanIN and progression to PDAC and significantly prolonged survival in these mouse models. Further work is needed to target the ligand-RAGE axis for possible early intervention and prophylaxis in patients at risk for developing pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph DiNorcia
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Surgery, Columbia University, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 820, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|