51
|
The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Regulating the Plasticity of Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416155. [PMID: 36555795 PMCID: PMC9788144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignancy that is becoming increasingly common in adolescents. OS stem cells (OSCs) form a dynamic subset of OS cells that are responsible for malignant progression and chemoradiotherapy resistance. The unique properties of OSCs, including self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and metastatic potential, 149 depend closely on their tumor microenvironment. In recent years, the likelihood of its dynamic plasticity has been extensively studied. Importantly, the tumor microenvironment appears to act as the main regulatory component of OS cell plasticity. For these reasons aforementioned, novel strategies for OS treatment focusing on modulating OS cell plasticity and the possibility of modulating the composition of the tumor microenvironment are currently being explored. In this paper, we review recent studies describing the phenomenon of OSCs and factors known to influence phenotypic plasticity. The microenvironment, which can regulate OSC plasticity, has great potential for clinical exploitation and provides different perspectives for drug and treatment design for OS.
Collapse
|
52
|
Colligan SH, Amitrano AM, Zollo RA, Peresie J, Kramer ED, Morreale B, Barbi J, Singh PK, Yu H, Wang J, Opyrchal M, Sykes DB, Nemeth MJ, Abrams SI. Inhibiting the biogenesis of myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhances immunotherapy efficacy against mammary tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158661. [PMID: 36453551 PMCID: PMC9711879 DOI: 10.1172/jci158661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape in oncology, they are effective in select subsets of patients. Efficacy may be limited by tumor-driven immune suppression, of which 1 key mechanism is the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). A fundamental gap in MDSC therapeutics is the lack of approaches that target MDSC biogenesis. We hypothesized that targeting MDSC biogenesis would mitigate MDSC burden and bolster tumor responses to ICIs. We tested a class of agents, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors, that have been previously shown to restore the terminal differentiation of leukemic myeloid progenitors. DHODH inhibitors have demonstrated preclinical safety and are under clinical study for hematologic malignancies. Using mouse models of mammary cancer that elicit robust MDSC responses, we demonstrated that the DHODH inhibitor brequinar (a) suppressed MDSC production from early-stage myeloid progenitors, which was accompanied by enhanced myeloid maturation; (b) augmented the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of programmed cell death 1-based (PD-1-based) ICI therapy in ICI-resistant mammary cancer models; and (c) acted in concert with PD-1 blockade through modulation of MDSC and CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover, brequinar facilitated myeloid maturation and inhibited immune-suppressive features in human bone marrow culture systems. These findings advance the concept of MDSC differentiation therapy in immuno-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Barbi
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
| | | | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
A Bioinformatics View on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Surface Molecules by Combined Bayesian and ABC Analysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110642. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
“Big omics data” provoke the challenge of extracting meaningful information with clinical benefit. Here, we propose a two-step approach, an initial unsupervised inspection of the structure of the high dimensional data followed by supervised analysis of gene expression levels, to reconstruct the surface patterns on different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). First, Bayesian methodology was used, focusing on surface molecules encoded by cluster of differentiation (CD) genes to assess whether AML is a homogeneous group or segregates into clusters. Gene expressions of 390 patient samples measured using microarray technology and 150 samples measured via RNA-Seq were compared. Beyond acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a well-known AML subentity, the remaining AML samples were separated into two distinct subgroups. Next, we investigated which CD molecules would best distinguish each AML subgroup against APL, and validated discriminative molecules of both datasets by searching the scientific literature. Surprisingly, a comparison of both omics analyses revealed that CD339 was the only overlapping gene differentially regulated in APL and other AML subtypes. In summary, our two-step approach for gene expression analysis revealed two previously unknown subgroup distinctions in AML based on surface molecule expression, which may guide the differentiation of subentities in a given clinical–diagnostic context.
Collapse
|
54
|
Derakhshan T, Boyce JA, Dwyer DF. Defining mast cell differentiation and heterogeneity through single-cell transcriptomics analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:739-747. [PMID: 36205448 PMCID: PMC9547083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are widely recognized as central effector cells during type 2 inflammatory reactions and thought to also play a role in innate immune responses, wound healing, and potentially cancer. Circulating progenitor cells mature to MCs in peripheral tissues, where they exhibit phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. This diversity likely originates from differences in MC development imprinted by microenvironmental signals. The advent of single-cell transcriptomics reveals MC diversity beyond differences in proteases that were classically used to identify MC phenotypes. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on MC progenitor differentiation and characteristics, and MC heterogeneity seen in health versus disease, that are drastically advanced through single-cell profiling technologies. This powerful approach can provide detailed cellular maps of tissues to decipher the complex cellular functions and interactions that may lead to identifying candidate factors to target in therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Derakhshan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Weeda V, Mestrum SGC, Leers MPG. Flow Cytometric Identification of Hematopoietic and Leukemic Blast Cells for Tailored Clinical Follow-Up of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810529. [PMID: 36142442 PMCID: PMC9506284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid malignancy that is characterized by the accumulation of leukemic blast cells, which originate from hematopoietic stem cells that have undergone leukemic transformation and/or are more mature progenitors that have gained stemness features. Currently, no consensus exists for the flow cytometric identification of normal blast cells and their leukemic counterparts by their antigenic expression profile. Differentiating between the benign cells and the malignant cells is crucial for the further deployment of immunophenotype panels for the clinical follow-up of AML patients. This review provides an overview of immunophenotypic markers that allow the identification of leukemic blast cells in the bone marrow with multiparameter flow cytometry. This technique allows the identification of hematopoietic blast cells at the level of maturing cells by their antigen expression profile. While aberrant antigen expression of a single immunophenotypic marker cell cannot be utilized in order to differentiate leukemic blast cells from normal blast cells, combinations of multiple immunophenotypic markers can enable the distinction of normal and leukemic blast cells. The identification of these markers has provided new perspectives for tailored clinical follow-up, including therapy management, diagnostics, and prognostic purposes. The immunophenotypic marker panels, however, should be developed by carefully considering the variable antigen marker expression profile of individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Weeda
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, 6162BG Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan G. C. Mestrum
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, 6162BG Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-36176124
| | - Math P. G. Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, 6162BG Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Vergez F, Largeaud L, Bertoli S, Nicolau ML, Rieu JB, Vergnolle I, Saland E, Sarry A, Tavitian S, Huguet F, Picard M, Vial JP, Lechevalier N, Bidet A, Dumas PY, Pigneux A, Luquet I, Mansat-De Mas V, Delabesse E, Carroll M, Danet-Desnoyers G, Sarry JE, Récher C. Phenotypically-defined stages of leukemia arrest predict main driver mutations subgroups, and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:117. [PMID: 35973983 PMCID: PMC9381519 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Classifications of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients rely on morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Here we have established a novel flow cytometry-based immunophenotypic stratification showing that AML blasts are blocked at specific stages of differentiation where features of normal myelopoiesis are preserved. Six stages of leukemia differentiation-arrest categories based on CD34, CD117, CD13, CD33, MPO, and HLA-DR expression were identified in two independent cohorts of 2087 and 1209 AML patients. Hematopoietic stem cell/multipotent progenitor-like AMLs display low proliferation rate, inv(3) or RUNX1 mutations, and high leukemic stem cell frequency as well as poor outcome, whereas granulocyte-monocyte progenitor-like AMLs have CEBPA mutations, RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or CBFB-MYH11 translocations, lower leukemic stem cell frequency, higher chemosensitivity, and better outcome. NPM1 mutations correlate with most mature stages of leukemia arrest together with TET2 or IDH mutations in granulocyte progenitors-like AML or with DNMT3A mutations in monocyte progenitors-like AML. Overall, we demonstrate that AML is arrested at specific stages of myeloid differentiation (SLA classification) that significantly correlate with AML genetic lesions, clinical presentation, stem cell properties, chemosensitivity, response to therapy, and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Vergez
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France. .,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France. .,Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Bertoli
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Nicolau
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rieu
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Inès Vergnolle
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Sarry
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Suzanne Tavitian
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Huguet
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Picard
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Vial
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Lechevalier
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Audrey Bidet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dumas
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Carroll
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France. .,Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Woll PS, Yoshizato T, Hellström‐Lindberg E, Fioretos T, Ebert BL, Jacobsen SEW. Targeting stem cells in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. J Intern Med 2022; 292:262-277. [PMID: 35822488 PMCID: PMC9544124 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of cancer has been delineated through advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing, where the sequential acquisition of recurrent driver mutations initially targeted towards normal cells ultimately leads to malignant transformation. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are hematologic malignancies frequently initiated by mutations in the normal hematopoietic stem cell compartment leading to the establishment of leukemic stem cells. Although the genetic characterization of MDS and AML has led to identification of new therapeutic targets and development of new promising therapeutic strategies, disease progression, relapse, and treatment-related mortality remain a major challenge in MDS and AML. The selective persistence of rare leukemic stem cells following therapy-induced remission implies unique resistance mechanisms of leukemic stem cells towards conventional therapeutic strategies and that leukemic stem cells represent the cellular origin of relapse. Therefore, targeted surveillance of leukemic stem cells following therapy should, in the future, allow better prediction of relapse and disease progression, but is currently challenged by our restricted ability to distinguish leukemic stem cells from other leukemic cells and residual normal cells. To advance current and new clinical strategies for the treatment of MDS and AML, there is a need to improve our understanding and characterization of MDS and AML stem cells at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels. Such work has already led to the identification of promising new candidate leukemic stem cell molecular targets that can now be exploited in preclinical and clinical therapeutic strategies, towards more efficient and specific elimination of leukemic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petter S. Woll
- Department of Medicine HuddingeCenter for Hematology and Regenerative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tetsuichi Yoshizato
- Department of Medicine HuddingeCenter for Hematology and Regenerative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Hellström‐Lindberg
- Department of Medicine HuddingeCenter for Hematology and Regenerative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of HematologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Division of Clinical GeneticsDepartment of Laboratory MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Division of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Clinical Genetics and PathologyLundSweden
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Department of Medical OncologyDana–Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
- Department of Medicine HuddingeCenter for Hematology and Regenerative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of HematologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- MRC Molecular Haematology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Li Y, Li X, Geng X, Zhao H. The IL-2A receptor pathway and its role in lymphocyte differentiation and function. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
59
|
Shin DY. Human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells: evolution of concept. Blood Res 2022; 57:67-74. [PMID: 35483929 PMCID: PMC9057671 DOI: 10.5045/br.2022.2021221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (AMLSCs) began in a seminal study performed by Lapidot and Dick, proving that only CD34+CD38- human primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells can repopulate in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The concept of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) has impeded a huge change in the treatment strategy against AML from killing proliferating leukemic cells to eradicating quiescent/dormant LSCs. As next-generation sequencing technologies have developed, multiple and recurrent genetic mutations have been discovered in large cohorts of patients with AML, and the updated understanding of leukemogenesis has improved the old concept of LSC to a revised version of a serial developmental model of LSC; that is, pre-LSCs are generated as seeds by the first hit on epigenetic regulators, and then, leukemia-initiating LSCs emerge from seeds by the second hits on genes involved in transcription and signaling. Dreams for universal and targetable AMLSC biomarker sparing healthy hematopoietic stem cells have weakened after the confrontation of significant heterogeneity of AMLSCs from genomic and immunophenotypic viewpoints. However, there is still hope for effective targets for AMLSCs since there is evidence that grouped gene signatures, such as 17-gene LSC score, and common epigenetic signatures, such as HOXA clusters, independent of various gene mutations, exist. Recently, the LSC niche in the bone marrow has been actively investigated and has expanded our knowledge of the physiology and vulnerability of AMLSCs. Presently, an applicable treatment that always works in AMLSCs is lacking. However, we will find a way, we always have.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Mopin A, Leprêtre F, Sebda S, Villenet C, Ben Khoud M, Figeac M, Quesnel B, Brinster C. Detection of residual and chemoresistant leukemic cells in an immune-competent mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia: Potential for unravelling their interactions with immunity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267508. [PMID: 35486629 PMCID: PMC9053800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by blocked differentiation and extensive proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors/precursors. Relapse is often observed after chemotherapy due to the presence of residual leukemic cells, which is also called minimal residual disease (MRD). Subclonal heterogeneity at diagnosis was found to be responsible for MRD after treatment. Patient xenograft mouse models are valuable tools for studying MRD after chemotherapy; however, the contribution of the immune system in these models is usually missing. To evaluate its role in leukemic persistence, we generated an immune-competent AML mouse model of persistence after chemotherapy treatment. We used well-characterized (phenotypically and genetically) subclones of the murine C1498 cell line stably expressing the ZsGreen reporter gene and the WT1 protein, a valuable antigen. Accordingly, these subclones were also selected due to their in vitro aracytidine (Ara-c) sensitivity. A combination of 3 subclones (expressing or not expressing WT1) was found to lead to prolonged mouse survival after Ara-c treatment (as long as 150 days). The presence of residual leukemic cells in the blood and BM of surviving mice indicated their persistence. Thus, a new mouse model that may offer insights into immune contributions to leukemic persistence was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Mopin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Leprêtre
- Univ. Lille, UAR2014 - US 41 - Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie & Santé- Plateau de génomique fonctionnelle, Centre de biologie Pathologie Génétique - CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- Univ. Lille, UAR2014 - US 41 - Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie & Santé- Plateau de génomique fonctionnelle, Centre de biologie Pathologie Génétique - CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Villenet
- Univ. Lille, UAR2014 - US 41 - Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie & Santé- Plateau de génomique fonctionnelle, Centre de biologie Pathologie Génétique - CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Meriem Ben Khoud
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- Univ. Lille, UAR2014 - US 41 - Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie & Santé- Plateau de génomique fonctionnelle, Centre de biologie Pathologie Génétique - CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Carine Brinster
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang X, Rampal RK, Hu CS, Tripodi J, Farnoud N, Petersen B, Rossi MR, Patel M, McGovern E, Najfeld V, Iancu-Rubin C, Lu M, Davis A, Kremyanskaya M, Weinberg RS, Mascarenhas J, Hoffman R. Characterization of disease-propagating stem cells responsible for myeloproliferative neoplasm-blast phase. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156534. [PMID: 35259128 PMCID: PMC9089790 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) frequently evolve to a blast phase (BP) that is almost uniformly resistant to induction chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents. We explored the functional properties, genomic architecture, and cell of origin of MPN-BP initiating cells (IC) using a serial NSG mouse xenograft transplantation model. Transplantation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from 7 of 18 patients resulted in a high degree of leukemic cell chimerism and recreated clinical characteristics of human MPN-BP. The function of MPN-BP ICs was not dependent on the presence of JAK2V617F, a driver mutation associated with the initial underlying MPN. By contrast, multiple MPN-BP IC subclones coexisted within MPN-BP MNCs characterized by different myeloid malignancy gene mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities. MPN-BP ICs in 4 patients exhibited extensive proliferative and self-renewal capacity, as demonstrated by their ability to recapitulate human MPN-BP in serial recipients. These MPN-BP IC subclones underwent extensive continuous clonal competition within individual xenografts and across multiple generations, and their subclonal dynamics were consistent with functional evolution of MPN-BP IC. Finally, we show that MPN-BP ICs originate from not only phenotypically identified hematopoietic stem cells, but also lymphoid-myeloid progenitor cells, which were each characterized by differences in MPN-BP initiating activity and self-renewal capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Raajit K. Rampal
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cing Siang Hu
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Tripodi
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Noushin Farnoud
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Petersen
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael R. Rossi
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, ISMMS, New York, New York
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Minal Patel
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erin McGovern
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vesna Najfeld
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Min Lu
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Davis
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina Kremyanskaya
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | | | - John Mascarenhas
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Reilly A, Philip Creamer J, Stewart S, Stolla MC, Wang Y, Du J, Wellington R, Busch S, Estey EH, Becker PS, Fang M, Keel SB, Abkowitz JL, Soma LA, Ma J, Duan Z, Doulatov S. Lamin B1 deletion in myeloid neoplasms causes nuclear anomaly and altered hematopoietic stem cell function. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:577-592.e8. [PMID: 35278369 PMCID: PMC9018112 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal nuclear morphology is a hallmark of malignant cells widely used in cancer diagnosis. Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA) is a common abnormality of neutrophil nuclear morphology of unknown molecular etiology in myeloid neoplasms (MNs). We show that loss of nuclear lamin B1 (LMNB1) encoded on chromosome 5q, which is frequently deleted in MNs, induces defects in nuclear morphology and human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function associated with malignancy. LMNB1 deficiency alters genome organization inducing in vitro and in vivo expansion of HSCs, myeloid-biased differentiation with impaired lymphoid commitment, and genome instability due to defective DNA damage repair. Nuclear dysmorphology of neutrophils in patients with MNs is associated with 5q deletions spanning the LMNB1 locus, and lamin B1 loss is both necessary and sufficient to cause PHA in normal and 5q-deleted neutrophils. LMNB1 loss thus causes acquired PHA and links abnormal nuclear morphology with HSCs and progenitor cell fate determination via genome organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Reilly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - J Philip Creamer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sintra Stewart
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Massiel C Stolla
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jing Du
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Wellington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephanie Busch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elihu H Estey
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pamela S Becker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Clinical Transplant Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Siobán B Keel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janis L Abkowitz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lorinda A Soma
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Long NA, Golla U, Sharma A, Claxton DF. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: Origin, Characteristics, and Clinical Implications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1211-1226. [PMID: 35050458 PMCID: PMC10942736 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The stem cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are the malignancy initiating cells whose survival ultimately drives growth of these lethal diseases. Here we review leukemia stem cell (LSC) biology, particularly as it relates to the very heterogeneous nature of AML and to its high disease relapse rate. Leukemia ontogeny is presented, and the defining functional and phenotypic features of LSCs are explored. Surface and metabolic phenotypes of these cells are described, particularly those that allow distinction from features of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Opportunities for use of this information for improving therapy for this challenging group of diseases is highlighted, and we explore the clinical needs which may be addressed by emerging LSC data. Finally, we discuss current gaps in the scientific understanding of LSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute, Next-Generation Therapies, 500 University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Mayer IM, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V, Doma E. Isolation, Maintenance and Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Leukemic Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071723. [PMID: 35406494 PMCID: PMC8996967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transplantation of adult hematopoietic stem cells is an important therapeutic tool to help patients suffering from diverse hematological disorders. All types of blood cells can develop from a single hematopoietic stem cell underlining their enormous potential. Intense efforts are ongoing to generate “engraftable” human hematopoietic stem cells to treat hematopoietic diseases and to understand the molecular machinery driving them. Leukemic stem cells represent a low frequency subpopulation of leukemia cells that possess stem cell properties. They can instigate, maintain, and serially propagate leukemia in vivo, while they retain the capacity to differentiate into committed progenitors. Leukemic stem cells are unaffected by many therapeutic strategies and represent the major cause of relapse. We here describe all methods to maintain and expand murine and human hematopoietic cells in culture and describe their specific advantages. These methods are also employed to understand the biology of leukemic stem cells and to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing cells that perch on top of the hematopoietic tree. The HSCs ensure the constant supply of mature blood cells in a tightly regulated process producing peripheral blood cells. Intense efforts are ongoing to optimize HSC engraftment as therapeutic strategy to treat patients suffering from hematopoietic diseases. Preclinical research paves the way by developing methods to maintain, manipulate and expand HSCs ex vivo to understand their regulation and molecular make-up. The generation of a sufficient number of transplantable HSCs is the Holy Grail for clinical therapy. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their acquired stem cell characteristics and are responsible for disease initiation, progression, and relapse. We summarize efforts, that have been undertaken to increase the number of long-term (LT)-HSCs and to prevent differentiation towards committed progenitors in ex vivo culture. We provide an overview and compare methods currently available to isolate, maintain and enrich HSC subsets, progenitors and LSCs and discuss their individual advantages and drawbacks.
Collapse
|
65
|
Petersen MA, Rosenberg CA, Brøndum RF, Aggerholm A, Kjeldsen E, Rahbek O, Ludvigsen M, Hasle H, Roug AS, Bill M. Immunophenotypically defined stem cell subsets in paediatric AML are highly heterogeneous and demonstrate differences in BCL-2 expression by cytogenetic subgroups. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:452-466. [PMID: 35298835 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), immunophenotypic differences enable discrimination of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) from healthy haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, immunophenotypic stem cell characteristics are less explored in paediatric AML. Employing a 15-colour flow cytometry assay, we analysed the expression of eight aberrant surface markers together with BCL-2 on CD34+ CD38- bone marrow stem cells from 38 paediatric AML patients and seven non-leukaemic, age-matched controls. Furthermore, clonality was investigated by genetic analyses of sorted immunophenotypically abnormal stem cells from six patients. A total of 50 aberrant marker positive (non-HSC-like) subsets with 41 different immunophenotypic profiles were detected. CD123, CLEC12A, and IL1RAP were the most frequently expressed markers. IL1RAP, CD93, and CD25 expression were not restricted to stem cells harbouring leukaemia-associated mutations. Differential BCL-2 expression was found among defined cytogenetic subgroups. Interestingly, only immunophenotypically abnormal non-HSC-like subsets demonstrated BCL-2 overexpression. Collectively, we observed pronounced immunophenotypic heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment of paediatric AML patients. Additionally, certain aberrant markers used in adults seemed to be ineligible for detection of leukaemia-representing stem cells in paediatric patients implying that inference from adult studies must be done with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A Petersen
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carina A Rosenberg
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus F Brøndum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anni Aggerholm
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eigil Kjeldsen
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Rahbek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne S Roug
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie Bill
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Stem cell architecture drives myelodysplastic syndrome progression and predicts response to venetoclax-based therapy. Nat Med 2022; 28:557-567. [PMID: 35241842 PMCID: PMC8938266 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous neoplastic disorders of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The current standard of care for patients with MDS is hypomethylating agent (HMA)-based therapy; however, almost 50% of MDS patients fail HMA therapy and progress to acute myeloid leukemia, facing a dismal prognosis due to lack of approved second-line treatment options. As cancer stem cells are the seeds of disease progression, we investigated the biological properties of the MDS HSCs that drive disease evolution, seeking to uncover vulnerabilities that could be therapeutically exploited. Through integrative molecular profiling of HSCs and progenitor cells in large patient cohorts, we found that MDS HSCs in two distinct differentiation states are maintained throughout the clinical course of the disease, and expand at progression, depending on recurrent activation of the anti-apoptotic regulator BCL-2 or nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated survival pathways. Pharmacologically inhibiting these pathways depleted MDS HSCs and reduced tumor burden in experimental systems. Further, patients with MDS who progressed after failure to frontline HMA therapy and whose HSCs upregulated BCL-2 achieved improved clinical responses to venetoclax-based therapy in the clinical setting. Overall, our study uncovers that HSC architectures in MDS are potential predictive biomarkers to guide second-line treatments after HMA failure. These findings warrant further investigation of HSC-specific survival pathways to identify new therapeutic targets of clinical potential in MDS.
Collapse
|
67
|
Wang SSY. Relationship between leukaemic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells and their clinical application. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1524-1533. [PMID: 35067128 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2027401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The world is aging and with it an associated increase in malignancies. Haematological malignancies especially Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are no exception to this trend. With scientific advances, development of new AML treatments has improved patient mortality. One future research interest would be Leukeamic Stem Cells (LSC). This review aims to briefly highlight main LSC characteristics and their relationship with hematopoietic stem cells. Key LSC characteristics include dysregulated apoptosis, capacity for self-renewal, genomic instability, dysregulated energetics, immune privilege and an altered tumor microenvironment. Similar characteristics are also found in HSCs though in a regulated form. Classifying these characteristics will aid in the development of clinical biomarkers for LSC which is a potential clinical application of LSC biology. LSC biomarkers might prove to be critical in future AML management through improving accuracy of AML diagnosis, providing targeted treatment to minimize side effects, refinement of prognosis and relapse risk for earlier intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Y Wang
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Abou Dalle I, Atoui A, Bazarbachi A. The Elephant in The Room: AML Relapse Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Oncol 2022; 11:793274. [PMID: 35047405 PMCID: PMC8761806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.793274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an unfavorable event associated with a poor prognosis, particularly for patients with early relapses. It usually arises from resistant leukemic blasts that escaped both preparative chemotherapy regimen and the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Independent from the choice of salvage treatment, only minority of patients can achieve durable remissions. In recent years, better understanding of the disease relapse biology post allo-HCT allowed the application of newer strategies that could induce higher rates of remission, and potential longer survival. Those strategies aim at optimizing drugs that have a direct anti-leukemia activity by targeting different oncogenic mutations, metabolism pathways or surface antigens, and concurrently enhancing the immune microenvironment to promote GVL effect. This review discusses the current treatment landscape of AML relapse post allo-HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Abou Dalle
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Atoui
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Arede L, Foerner E, Wind S, Kulkarni R, Domingues AF, Giotopoulos G, Kleinwaechter S, Mollenhauer-Starkl M, Davison H, Chandru A, Asby R, Samarista R, Gupta S, Forte D, Curti A, Scheer E, Huntly BJP, Tora L, Pina C. KAT2A complexes ATAC and SAGA play unique roles in cell maintenance and identity in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Blood Adv 2022; 6:165-180. [PMID: 34654054 PMCID: PMC8753207 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic histone modifiers are key regulators of cell fate decisions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Their enzymatic activities are of particular significance as putative therapeutic targets in leukemia. In contrast, less is known about the contextual role in which those enzymatic activities are exercised and specifically how different macromolecular complexes configure the same enzymatic activity with distinct molecular and cellular consequences. We focus on KAT2A, a lysine acetyltransferase responsible for histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation, which we recently identified as a dependence in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells and that participates in 2 distinct macromolecular complexes: Ada two-A-containing (ATAC) and Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase (SAGA). Through analysis of human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, and of myeloid leukemia cells, we identify unique respective contributions of the ATAC complex to regulation of biosynthetic activity in undifferentiated self-renewing cells and of the SAGA complex to stabilization or correct progression of cell type-specific programs with putative preservation of cell identity. Cell type and stage-specific dependencies on ATAC and SAGA-regulated programs explain multilevel KAT2A requirements in leukemia and in erythroid lineage specification and development. Importantly, they set a paradigm against which lineage specification and identity can be explored across developmental stem cell systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Arede
- Department of Haematology
- Department of Genetics, and
| | | | | | | | | | - George Giotopoulos
- Department of Haematology
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Holly Davison
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Ryan Asby
- Department of Haematology
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralph Samarista
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Department of Haematology
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Dorian Forte
- Department of Haematology
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- IRCCS Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Scheer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France; and
| | - Brian J. P. Huntly
- Department of Haematology
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laszlo Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France; and
| | - Cristina Pina
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (CenGEM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Palmieri R, Buccisano F, Arena V, Irno Consalvo MA, Piciocchi A, Maurillo L, DelPrincipe MI, Di Veroli A, Paterno G, Conti C, Fraboni D, Voso MT, Arcese W, Venditti A. CD34 + CD38-CLL1+ leukemic stem cells persistence measured by multiparametric flow cytometry is a biomarker of poor prognosis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:996-1000. [PMID: 34806525 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2005042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmieri
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Buccisano
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Maurillo
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Ilaria DelPrincipe
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - Giovangiacinto Paterno
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Consuelo Conti
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Fraboni
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - William Arcese
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.,Rome Transplant Network, Roma, Italy
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Ematologia, Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Jiménez-Morales S, Aranda-Uribe IS, Pérez-Amado CJ, Ramírez-Bello J, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Tumor Evasion: Focus on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737340. [PMID: 34867958 PMCID: PMC8636671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy with high heterogeneity in its biological features and treatments. Although the overall survival (OS) of patients with ALL has recently improved considerably, owing to the application of conventional chemo-therapeutic agents, approximately 20% of the pediatric cases and 40-50% of the adult patients relapse during and after the treatment period. The potential mechanisms that cause relapse involve clonal evolution, innate and acquired chemoresistance, and the ability of ALL cells to escape the immune-suppressive tumor response. Currently, immunotherapy in combination with conventional treatment is used to enhance the immune response against tumor cells, thereby significantly improving the OS in patients with ALL. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of immune evasion by leukemia cells could be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Sammir Aranda-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Carlos Jhovani Pérez-Amado
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julian Ramírez-Bello
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Mirfakhraie R, Noorazar L, Mohammadian M, Hajifathali A, Gholizadeh M, Salimi M, Sankanian G, Roshandel E, Mehdizadeh M. Treatment Failure in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focus on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Leuk Res 2021; 112:106751. [PMID: 34808592 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of blood malignancies that results in an AML-associated high mortality rate each year. Several causes have been reported as prognostic factors for AML in children and adults, the most important of which are cytogenetic abnormalities and environmental risk factors. Following the discovery of numerous drugs for AML treatment, leukemic cells sought a way to escape from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs, leading to treatment failure. Nowadays, comprehensive studies have looked at the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by AML blasts and how the microenvironment of the tumor changes in favor of cancer progression and survival to discover the mechanisms of treatment failure to choose the well-advised treatment. Reports show that malignant cells secrete EVs that transmit messages to adjacent cells and the tumor's microenvironment. By secreting EVs, containing immune-inhibiting cytokines, AML cells inactivate the immune system against malignant cells, thus ensuring their survival. Also, increased secretion of EVs in various malignancies indicates an unfavorable prognostic factor and the possibility of drug resistance. In this study, we briefly reviewed the challenges of treating AML with a glance at the EVs' role in this process. It is hoped that with a deeper understanding of EVs, new therapies will be developed to eliminate the relapse of leukemic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mirfakhraie
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Noorazar
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mozhdeh Mohammadian
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Gholizadeh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghazaleh Sankanian
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Roshandel
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Mehdizadeh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Fleischmann M, Schnetzke U, Hochhaus A, Scholl S. Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5722. [PMID: 34830877 PMCID: PMC8616498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved in recent years and several new therapeutic options have been approved. Most of them include mutation-specific approaches (e.g., gilteritinib for AML patients with activating FLT3 mutations), or are restricted to such defined AML subgroups, such as AML-MRC (AML with myeloid-related changes) or therapy-related AML (CPX-351). With this review, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of current AML therapy according to the evolved spectrum of recently approved treatment strategies. We address several aspects of combined epigenetic therapy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and provide insight into mechanisms of resistance towards venetoclax-based regimens, and how primary or secondary resistance might be circumvented. Furthermore, a detailed overview on the current status of AML immunotherapy, describing promising concepts, is provided. This review focuses on clinically important aspects of current and future concepts of AML treatment, but will also present the molecular background of distinct targeted therapies, to understand the development and challenges of clinical trials ongoing in AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastian Scholl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany; (M.F.); (U.S.); (A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Liu Y, Gu Z, Cao H, Kaphle P, Lyu J, Zhang Y, Hu W, Chung SS, Dickerson KE, Xu J. Convergence of oncogenic cooperation at single-cell and single-gene levels drives leukemic transformation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6323. [PMID: 34732703 PMCID: PMC8566485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers develop from the accumulation of somatic mutations, yet it remains unclear how oncogenic lesions cooperate to drive cancer progression. Using a mouse model harboring NRasG12D and EZH2 mutations that recapitulates leukemic progression, we employ single-cell transcriptomic profiling to map cellular composition and gene expression alterations in healthy or diseased bone marrows during leukemogenesis. At cellular level, NRasG12D induces myeloid lineage-biased differentiation and EZH2-deficiency impairs myeloid cell maturation, whereas they cooperate to promote myeloid neoplasms with dysregulated transcriptional programs. At gene level, NRasG12D and EZH2-deficiency independently and synergistically deregulate gene expression. We integrate results from histopathology, leukemia repopulation, and leukemia-initiating cell assays to validate transcriptome-based cellular profiles. We use this resource to relate developmental hierarchies to leukemia phenotypes, evaluate oncogenic cooperation at single-cell and single-gene levels, and identify GEM as a regulator of leukemia-initiating cells. Our studies establish an integrative approach to deconvolute cancer evolution at single-cell resolution in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hui Cao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Pranita Kaphle
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Junhua Lyu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yuannyu Zhang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stephen S Chung
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kathryn E Dickerson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Fregona V, Bayet M, Gerby B. Oncogene-Induced Reprogramming in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Towards Targeted Therapy of Leukemia-Initiating Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215511. [PMID: 34771671 PMCID: PMC8582707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a diversity of genetic alterations, following a sophisticated and controversial organization. In this review, we present and discuss the concepts exploring the cellular, molecular and functional heterogeneity of leukemic cells. We also review the emerging evidence indicating that cell plasticity and oncogene-induced reprogramming should be considered at the biological and clinical levels as critical mechanisms for identifying and targeting leukemia-initiating cells. Abstract Our understanding of the hierarchical structure of acute leukemia has yet to be fully translated into therapeutic approaches. Indeed, chemotherapy still has to take into account the possibility that leukemia-initiating cells may have a distinct chemosensitivity profile compared to the bulk of the tumor, and therefore are spared by the current treatment, causing the relapse of the disease. Therefore, the identification of the cell-of-origin of leukemia remains a longstanding question and an exciting challenge in cancer research of the last few decades. With a particular focus on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we present in this review the previous and current concepts exploring the phenotypic, genetic and functional heterogeneity in patients. We also discuss the benefits of using engineered mouse models to explore the early steps of leukemia development and to identify the biological mechanisms driving the emergence of leukemia-initiating cells. Finally, we describe the major prospects for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies that specifically target their aberrant stem cell-like functions.
Collapse
|
76
|
Marchand T, Pinho S. Leukemic Stem Cells: From Leukemic Niche Biology to Treatment Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775128. [PMID: 34721441 PMCID: PMC8554324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. While complete remission can be obtained with intensive chemotherapy in young and fit patients, relapse is frequent and prognosis remains poor. Leukemic cells are thought to arise from a pool of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) which sit at the top of the hierarchy. Since their discovery, more than 30 years ago, LSCs have been a topic of intense research and their identification paved the way for cancer stem cell research. LSCs are defined by their ability to self-renew, to engraft into recipient mice and to give rise to leukemia. Compared to healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), LSCs display specific mutations, epigenetic modifications, and a specific metabolic profile. LSCs are usually considered resistant to chemotherapy and are therefore the drivers of relapse. Similar to their HSC counterpart, LSCs reside in a highly specialized microenvironment referred to as the “niche”. Bidirectional interactions between leukemic cells and the microenvironment favor leukemic progression at the expense of healthy hematopoiesis. Within the niche, LSCs are thought to be protected from genotoxic insults. Improvement in our understanding of LSC gene expression profile and phenotype has led to the development of prognosis signatures and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss LSC biology in the context of their specific microenvironment and how a better understanding of LSC niche biology could pave the way for new therapies that target AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Marchand
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1236, Rennes, France
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Thoms JAI, Truong P, Subramanian S, Knezevic K, Harvey G, Huang Y, Seneviratne JA, Carter DR, Joshi S, Skhinas J, Chacon D, Shah A, de Jong I, Beck D, Göttgens B, Larsson J, Wong JWH, Zanini F, Pimanda JE. Disruption of a GATA2-TAL1-ERG regulatory circuit promotes erythroid transition in healthy and leukemic stem cells. Blood 2021; 138:1441-1455. [PMID: 34075404 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene regulation and expression govern orderly transitions from hematopoietic stem cells to terminally differentiated blood cell types. These transitions are disrupted during leukemic transformation, but knowledge of the gene regulatory changes underpinning this process is elusive. We hypothesized that identifying core gene regulatory networks in healthy hematopoietic and leukemic cells could provide insights into network alterations that perturb cell state transitions. A heptad of transcription factors (LYL1, TAL1, LMO2, FLI1, ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1) bind key hematopoietic genes in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and have prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These factors also form a densely interconnected circuit by binding combinatorially at their own, and each other's, regulatory elements. However, their mutual regulation during normal hematopoiesis and in AML cells, and how perturbation of their expression levels influences cell fate decisions remains unclear. In this study, we integrated bulk and single-cell data and found that the fully connected heptad circuit identified in healthy HSPCs persists, with only minor alterations in AML, and that chromatin accessibility at key heptad regulatory elements was predictive of cell identity in both healthy progenitors and leukemic cells. The heptad factors GATA2, TAL1, and ERG formed an integrated subcircuit that regulates stem cell-to-erythroid transition in both healthy and leukemic cells. Components of this triad could be manipulated to facilitate erythroid transition providing a proof of concept that such regulatory circuits can be harnessed to promote specific cell-type transitions and overcome dysregulated hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Truong
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shruthi Subramanian
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory Harvey
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janith A Seneviratne
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanna Skhinas
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anushi Shah
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ineke de Jong
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dominik Beck
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Medical Sciences
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Shen Y, Jiang L, Iyer VS, Raposo B, Dubnovitsky A, Boddul SV, Kasza Z, Wermeling F. A rapid CRISPR competitive assay for in vitro and in vivo discovery of potential drug targets affecting the hematopoietic system. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5360-5370. [PMID: 34745454 PMCID: PMC8531760 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 can be used as an experimental tool to inactivate genes in cells. However, a CRISPR-targeted cell population will not show a uniform genotype of the targeted gene. Instead, a mix of genotypes is generated - from wild type to different forms of insertions and deletions. Such mixed genotypes complicate analysis of the role of the targeted gene in the studied cell population. Here, we present a rapid and universal experimental approach to functionally analyze a CRISPR-targeted cell population that does not involve generating clonal lines. As a simple readout, we leverage the CRISPR-induced genetic heterogeneity and use sequencing to identify how different genotypes are enriched or depleted in relation to the studied cellular behavior or phenotype. The approach uses standard PCR, Sanger sequencing, and a simple sequence deconvoluting software, enabling laboratories without specific in-depth experience to perform these experiments. As proof of principle, we present examples studying various aspects related to hematopoietic cells (T cell development in vivo and activation in vitro, differentiation of macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as a leukemia-like phenotype induced by overexpressing a proto-oncogene). In conclusion, we present a rapid experimental approach to identify potential drug targets related to mature immune cells, as well as normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Shen
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vaishnavi Srinivasan Iyer
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bruno Raposo
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anatoly Dubnovitsky
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjaykumar V. Boddul
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Kasza
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Joudinaud R, Boyer T. Stem Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: First Cousins or Unrelated Entities? Front Oncol 2021; 11:730899. [PMID: 34490124 PMCID: PMC8417738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are associated with a significant risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), supported by alterations affecting malignant stem cells. This review focuses on the metabolic, phenotypic and genetic characteristics underlying this dynamic evolution, from myelodysplastic stem cells (MDS-SCs) to leukemic stem cells (LSCs). MDS-SCs are more likely to be derived from healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whereas LSCs may originate from healthy progenitors, mostly LMPP (lymphoid-primed multipotential progenitors). Moreover, overexpression of CD123 and CLL1 markers by LSCs and MDS-SCs in high risk-MDS [HR-MDS] has led to exciting therapeutic applications. Single-cell sequencing has suggested that clonal evolution in the stem cell compartment was non-linear during MDS initiation and progression to AML, with pre-MDS-SC acquiring distinct additional mutations in parallel, that drive either MDS blast production or AML transformation. In AML and HR-MDS, common metabolic alterations have been identified in malignant stem cells, including activation of the protein machinery and dependence on oxidative phosphorylation. Targeting these metabolic abnormalities could prevent HR-MDS from progressing to AML. Strikingly, in low risk-MDS-SC, the expression of ribosomal proteins is decreased, which may be accompanied by a reduction in protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Boyer
- Laboratory of Hematology, University of Amiens, Amiens Hospital, Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Engraftment of Human Hematopoietic Cells in Biomaterials Implanted in Immunodeficient Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2308:235-251. [PMID: 34057727 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1425-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, significant progress has been made in the development of immunodeficient mouse models that now represents the gold standard tool in stem cell biology research. The latest major improvement has been the use of biomaterials in these xenogeneic mouse models to generate human "bone marrow like" tissues, which not only provides a more relevant xenograft model but can also potentially enable us to delineate the interactions that are specific between human bone marrow cells. There are a number of biomaterials and strategies to create humanized niches in immunodeficient mouse models, and the methods can also differ significantly among various research institutes. Here, we describe a protocol to create a humanized 3D collagen-based scaffold human niche in immunodeficient mouse model(s). This humanized in vivo model provides a powerful technique for understanding the human BM microenvironment and the role it plays in the regulation of normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis.
Collapse
|
81
|
Asada S, Kitamura T. Clonal hematopoiesis and associated diseases: A review of recent findings. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3962-3971. [PMID: 34328684 PMCID: PMC8486184 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome‐wide studies have revealed that aging or chronic inflammation can cause clonal expansion of cells in normal tissues. Clonal hematopoiesis has been the most intensively studied form of clonal expansion in the last decade. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age‐related phenomenon observed in elderly individuals with no history of hematological malignancy. The most frequently mutated genes in CHIP are DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, which are associated with initiation of leukemia. Importantly, CHIP has been the focus of a number of studies because it is an independent risk factor for myeloid malignancy, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all‐cause mortality. Animal models recapitulating human CHIP revealed that CHIP‐associated mutations alter the number and function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and promote leukemic transformation. Moreover, chronic inflammation caused by infection or aging confers a fitness advantage to the CHIP‐associated mutant HSPCs. Myeloid cells, such as macrophages with a CHIP‐associated mutation, accelerate chronic inflammation and are associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. This positive feedback loop between CHIP and chronic inflammation promotes development of atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure and thereby increases the risk for CVD. Notably, HSPCs with a CHIP‐associated mutation may alter not only innate but also acquired immune cells. This suggests that CHIP is involved in the development of solid cancers or immune disorders, such as aplastic anemia. In this review, we provide an overview of recent findings on CHIP. We also discuss potential interventions for treating CHIP and preventing myeloid transformation and CVD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Asada
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Measurable residual disease including AML leukemia stem cell flow evaluation of CPX-351 therapy by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Leuk Res 2021; 111:106673. [PMID: 34364023 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
83
|
Zhan D, Park CY. Stem Cells in the Myelodysplastic Syndromes. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:719010. [PMID: 35822030 PMCID: PMC9261372 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.719010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a group of clonal disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, resulting in peripheral cytopenias and frequent transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We and others have demonstrated that MDS arises in, and is propagated by malignant stem cells (MDS-SCs), that arise due to the sequential acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This review focuses on recent advancements in the cellular and molecular characterization of MDS-SCs, as well as their role in mediating MDS clinical outcomes. In addition to discussing the cell surface proteins aberrantly upregulated on MDS-SCs that have allowed the identification and prospective isolation of MDS-SCs, we will discuss the recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations present in MDS-SCs and their roles in initiating disease, including recent studies demonstrating patterns of clonal evolution and disease progression from pre-malignant HSCs to MDS-SCs. We also will discuss the pathways that have been described as drivers or promoters of disease, including hyperactivated innate immune signaling, and how the identification of these alterations in MDS-SC have led to investigations of novel therapeutic strategies to treat MDS. It is important to note that despite our increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of MDS, the molecular mechanisms that drive responses to therapy remain poorly understood, especially the mechanisms that underlie and distinguish hematologic improvement from reductions in blast burden. Ultimately, such distinctions will be required in order to determine the shared and/or unique molecular mechanisms that drive ineffective hematopoiesis, MDS-SC maintenance, and leukemic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhan
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Y. Park
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher Y. Park,
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Song J, Du L, Liu P, Wang F, Zhang B, Xie Y, Lu J, Jin Y, Zhou Y, Lv G, Zhang J, Chen S, Chen Z, Sun X, Zhang Y, Huang Q. Intra-heterogeneity in transcription and chemoresistant property of leukemia-initiating cells in murine Setd2 -/- acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:867-888. [PMID: 34196511 PMCID: PMC8441059 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) is a major obstacle in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Accumulated evidence indicates that the coexistence of multiple types of LICs with different pathogenicity in the same individual is a common feature in AML. However, the functional heterogeneity including the drug response of coexistent LICs remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the intra-heterogeneity in LICs that can help predict leukemia behavior and develop more effective treatments. METHODS Spleen cells from the primary Setd2-/- -AML mouse were transplanted into C57BL/6 recipient mice to generate a transplantable model. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the immunophenotype of the leukemic mice. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to detect secondary hits responsible for leukemia transformation. A serial transplantation assay was used to determine the self-renewal potential of Setd2-/- -AML cells. A limiting-dilution assay was performed to identify the LIC frequency in different subsets of leukemia cells. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to analyze the transcriptional heterogeneity of LICs. Small molecular inhibitor screening and in vivo drug treatment were employed to clarify the difference in drug response between the different subsets of LICs. RESULTS In this study, we observed an aged Setd2-/- mouse developing AML with co-mutation of NrasG12S and BrafK520E . Further investigation identified two types of LICs residing in the c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1- and c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1+ subsets, respectively. In vivo transplantation assay disclosed the heterogeneity in differentiation between the coexistent LICs. Besides, an intrinsic doxorubicin-resistant transcriptional signature was uncovered in c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1+ cells. Indeed, doxorubicin plus cytarabine (DA), the standard chemotherapeutic regimen used in AML treatment, could specifically kill c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1- cells, but it hardly affected c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1+ cells. Transcriptome analysis unveiled a higher activation of RAS downstream signaling pathways in c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1+ cells than in c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1- cells. Combined treatment with DA and RAS pathway inhibitors killed both c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1- and c-Kit+ B220+ Mac-1+ cells and attenuated disease progression. CONCLUSIONS This study identified two cell subsets enriched for LICs in murine Setd2-/- -AML and disclosed the transcriptional and functional heterogeneity of LICs, revealing that the coexistence of different types of LICs in this model brings about diverse drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Longting Du
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Fuhui Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, P. R. China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Gang Lv
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yuanliang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Unravelling the apoptotic machinery in CMML. Blood 2021; 137:3321-3322. [PMID: 34137844 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
86
|
Michelozzi IM, Kirtsios E, Giustacchini A. Driving CAR T Stem Cell Targeting in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Roads to Success. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2816. [PMID: 34198742 PMCID: PMC8201025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment outcome for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is unsatisfactory and characterized by high rates of relapse and poor overall survival. Increasing evidence points to a crucial role of leukemic stem cells (LSC) and the bone marrow (BM) leukemic niche, in which they reside, in AML evolution and chemoresistance. Thus, future strategies aiming at improving AML therapeutic protocols are likely to be directed against LSC and their niche. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have been extremely successful in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and comparable results in AML are highly desirable. At present, we are at the dawn of CAR T-cell application in AML, with several preclinical studies and few early phase clinical trials. However, the lack of leukemia-specific targets and the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease combined with the leukemia-induced remodeling of the BM microenvironment are limiting CAR T-cell exploitation in AML. Here, we reviewed AML-LSC and AML-BM niche features in the context of their therapeutic targeting using CAR T-cells. We summarized recent progress in CAR T-cell application to the treatment of AML, and we discussed the remaining therapeutic challenges and promising novel strategies to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria M. Michelozzi
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London WC1N 1DZ, UK;
| | | | - Alice Giustacchini
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London WC1N 1DZ, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Lefeivre T, Jones L, Trinquand A, Pinton A, Macintyre E, Laurenti E, Bond J. Immature acute leukaemias: lessons from the haematopoietic roadmap. FEBS J 2021; 289:4355-4370. [PMID: 34028982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to relate the biology of acute leukaemia to normal blood cell development. In this review, we discuss how modern models of haematopoiesis might inform approaches to diagnosis and management of immature leukaemias, with a specific focus on T-lymphoid and myeloid cases. In particular, we consider whether next-generation analytical tools could provide new perspectives that could improve our understanding of immature blood cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lefeivre
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke Jones
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amélie Trinquand
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antoine Pinton
- Laboratory of Onco-Haematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Laboratory of Onco-Haematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Bond
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Atkinson SP. A preview of select articles. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
89
|
Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Is It T Time? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102385. [PMID: 34069204 PMCID: PMC8156992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease driven by impaired differentiation of hematopoietic primitive cells toward myeloid lineages (monocytes, granulocytes, red blood cells, platelets), leading to expansion and accumulation of "stem" and/or "progenitor"-like or differentiated leukemic cells in the bone marrow and blood. AML progression alters the bone marrow microenvironment and inhibits hematopoiesis' proper functioning, causing sustained cytopenia and immunodeficiency. This review describes how the AML microenvironment influences lymphoid lineages, particularly T lymphocytes that originate from the thymus and orchestrate adaptive immune response. We focus on the elderly population, which is mainly affected by this pathology. We discuss how a permissive AML microenvironment can alter and even worsen the thymic function, T cells' peripheral homeostasis, phenotype, and functions. Based on the recent findings on the mechanisms supporting that AML induces quantitative and qualitative changes in T cells, we suggest and summarize current immunotherapeutic strategies and challenges to overcome these anomalies to improve the anti-leukemic immune response and the clinical outcome of patients.
Collapse
|
90
|
Sendker S, Waack K, Reinhardt D. Far from Health: The Bone Marrow Microenvironment in AML, A Leukemia Supportive Shelter. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:371. [PMID: 34066861 PMCID: PMC8150304 DOI: 10.3390/children8050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most common leukemia among children. Although significant progress in AML therapy has been achieved, treatment failure is still associated with poor prognosis, emphasizing the need for novel, innovative therapeutic approaches. To address this major obstacle, extensive knowledge about leukemogenesis and the complex interplay between leukemic cells and their microenvironment is required. The tremendous role of this bone marrow microenvironment in providing a supportive and protective shelter for leukemic cells, leading to disease development, progression, and relapse, has been emphasized by recent research. It has been revealed that the interplay between leukemic cells and surrounding cellular as well as non-cellular components is critical in the process of leukemogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recently gained knowledge about the importance of the microenvironment in AML whilst focusing on promising future therapeutic targets. In this context, we describe ongoing clinical trials and future challenges for the development of targeted therapies for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Clinic of Pediatrics III, Essen University Hospital, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.S.); (K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Thomé CH, Ferreira GA, Pereira-Martins DA, Augusto Dos Santos G, Almeida-Silveira DR, Weinhäuser I, Antônio de Souza G, Houtsma R, Schuringa JJ, Rego EM, Faça VM. The Expression of NTAL and Its Protein Interactors Is Associated With Clinical Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100091. [PMID: 33971369 PMCID: PMC8220000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-T cell activation linker (NTAL) membrane protein depletion from lipid rafts by alkylphospholipids or downregulation by shRNA knockdown decreases cell viability through regulation of the Akt/PI3K pathway in mantle cell lymphoma and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Here, we confirmed that the knockdown of NTAL in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines was associated with decreased cell proliferation and survival. Similarly, a xenograft model using AML cells transduced with NTAL-shRNA and transplanted into immunodeficient mice led to a 1.8-fold decrease in tumor burden. Using immunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS analysis, and label-free protein quantification, we identified interactors of NTAL in two AML cell lines. By evaluating the gene expression signatures of the NTAL protein interactors using the PREdiction of Clinical Outcomes from Genomic Profiles database, we found that 12 NTAL interactors could predict overall survival in AML, in at least two independent cohorts. In addition, patients with AML exhibiting a high expression of NTAL and its interactors were associated with a leukemic granulocyte-macrophage progenitor-like state. Taken together, our data provide evidence that NTAL and its protein interactors are relevant to AML cell proliferation and survival and represent potential therapeutic targets for granulocyte-macrophage progenitor-like leukemias.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Hassibe Thomé
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Germano Aguiar Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego Antonio Pereira-Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guilherme Augusto Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Douglas R Almeida-Silveira
- Hematology Division, LIM31, Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Hematology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Weinhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Roos Houtsma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eduardo M Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Hematology Division, LIM31, Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Faça
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Lica JJ, Wieczór M, Grabe GJ, Heldt M, Jancz M, Misiak M, Gucwa K, Brankiewicz W, Maciejewska N, Stupak A, Bagiński M, Rolka K, Hellmann A, Składanowski A. Effective Drug Concentration and Selectivity Depends on Fraction of Primitive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094931. [PMID: 34066491 PMCID: PMC8125035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor efficiency of chemotherapeutics in the eradication of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) has been driving the search for more active and specific compounds. In this work, we show how cell density-dependent stage culture profiles can be used in drug development workflows to achieve more robust drug activity (IC50 and EC50) results. Using flow cytometry and light microscopy, we characterized the cytological stage profiles of the HL-60-, A-549-, and HEK-293-derived sublines with a focus on their primitive cell content. We then used a range of cytotoxic substances—C-123, bortezomib, idarubicin, C-1305, doxorubicin, DMSO, and ethanol—to highlight typical density-related issues accompanying drug activity determination. We also showed that drug EC50 and selectivity indices normalized to primitive cell content are more accurate activity measurements. We tested our approach by calculating the corrected selectivity index of a novel chemotherapeutic candidate, C-123. Overall, our study highlights the usefulness of accounting for primitive cell fractions in the assessment of drug efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jakub Lica
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.G.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miłosz Wieczór
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Jan Grabe
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Mateusz Heldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.J.); (M.M.); (W.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Jancz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.J.); (M.M.); (W.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Majus Misiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.J.); (M.M.); (W.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Gucwa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Wioletta Brankiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.J.); (M.M.); (W.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.J.); (M.M.); (W.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Stupak
- Polpharma Biologics S.A., Gdansk Science & Technology Park, Building A, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.J.); (M.M.); (W.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Składanowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.J.); (M.M.); (W.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
van Gils N, Denkers F, Smit L. Escape From Treatment; the Different Faces of Leukemic Stem Cells and Therapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659253. [PMID: 34012921 PMCID: PMC8126717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard induction chemotherapy, consisting of an anthracycline and cytarabine, has been the first-line therapy for many years to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although this treatment induces complete remissions in the majority of patients, many face a relapse (adaptive resistance) or have refractory disease (primary resistance). Moreover, older patients are often unfit for cytotoxic-based treatment. AML relapse is due to the survival of therapy-resistant leukemia cells (minimal residual disease, MRD). Leukemia cells with stem cell features, named leukemic stem cells (LSCs), residing within MRD are thought to be at the origin of relapse initiation. It is increasingly recognized that leukemia "persisters" are caused by intra-leukemic heterogeneity and non-genetic factors leading to plasticity in therapy response. The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, combined with hypomethylating agents or low dose cytarabine, represents an important new therapy especially for older AML patients. However, often there is also a small population of AML cells refractory to venetoclax treatment. As AML MRD reflects the sum of therapy resistance mechanisms, the different faces of treatment "persisters" and LSCs might be exploited to reach an optimal therapy response and prevent the initiation of relapse. Here, we describe the different epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic states of therapy sensitive and resistant AML (stem) cell populations and LSCs, how these cell states are influenced by the microenvironment and affect treatment outcome of AML. Moreover, we discuss potential strategies to target dynamic treatment resistance and LSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noortje van Gils
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fedor Denkers
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are defined as unspecialized cells that give rise to more differentiated cells. In a similar way, leukaemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs) are defined as unspecialized leukaemic cells, which can give rise to more differentiated cells. Leukaemic cells carry leukaemic mutations/variants and have clear differentiation abnormalities. Pre-leukaemic HSPCs (PreL-HSPCs) carry pre-leukaemic mutations/variants (pLMs) and are capable of producing mature functional cells, which will carry the same variants. Under the roof of LSPCs, one can find a broad range of cell types genetic and disease phenotypes. Present-day knowledge suggests that this phenotypic heterogeneity is the result of interactions between the cell of origin, the genetic background and the microenvironment background. The combination of these attributes will define the LSPC phenotype, frequency, differentiation capacity and evolutionary trajectory. Importantly, as LSPCs are leukaemia-initiating cells that sustain clinical remission and are the source of relapse, an improved understanding of LSPCs phenotype would offer better clinical opportunities for the treatment and hopefully prevention of human leukaemia. The current review will focus on LSPCs attributes in the context of human haematologic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L I Shlush
- From the, Liran Shlush's Lab - Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Feldman
- From the, Liran Shlush's Lab - Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Woll PS, Jacobsen SEW. Stem cell concepts in myelodysplastic syndromes: lessons and challenges. J Intern Med 2021; 289:650-661. [PMID: 33843081 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, CSCs are the only cancer cells that can give rise to and sustain all cells that constitute a cancer as they possess inherent or acquired self-renewal potential, and their elimination is required and potentially sufficient to achieve a cure. Whilst establishing CSC identity remains challenging in most cancers, studies of low-intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), other chronic myeloid malignancies and clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminant potential (CHIP) strongly support that the primary target cell usually resides in the rare haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. This probably reflects the unique self-renewal potential of HSCs in normal human haematopoiesis, combined with the somatic initiating genomic driver lesion not conferring extensive self-renewal potential to downstream progenitor cells. Mutational 'fate mapping' further supports that HSCs are the only disease-propagating cells in low-intermediate risk MDS, but that MDS-propagating potential might be extended to progenitors upon disease progression. The clinical importance of MDS stem cells has been highlighted through the demonstration of selective persistence of MDS stem cells in patients at complete remission in response to therapy. This implies that MDS stem cells might possess unique resistance mechanisms responsible for relapses following otherwise efficient treatments. Specific surveillance of MDS stem cells should be considered to assess the efficiency of therapies and as an early indicator of emerging relapses in patients in clinical remission. Moreover, further molecular characterization of purified MDS stem cells should facilitate identification and validation of improved and more stem cell-specific therapies for MDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Woll
- From the, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S E W Jacobsen
- From the, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
LSD1 as a Biomarker and the Outcome of Its Inhibitors in the Clinical Trial: The Therapy Opportunity in Tumor. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5512524. [PMID: 33833800 PMCID: PMC8018836 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are the foremost cause of death worldwide. As a result of that, there has been a significant enhancement in the investigation, treatment methods, and good maintenance practices on cancer. However, the sensitivity and specificity of a lot of tumor biomarkers are not adequate. Hence, it is of inordinate significance to ascertain novel biomarkers to forecast the prognosis and therapy targets for tumors. This review characterized LSD1 as a biomarker in different tumors. LSD1 inhibitors in clinical trials were also discussed. The recent pattern advocates that LSD1 is engaged at sauce chromatin zones linking with complexes of multi-protein having an exact DNA-binding transcription factor, establishing LSD1 as a favorable epigenetic target, and also gives a large selection of therapeutic targets to treat different tumors. This review sturdily backing the oncogenic probable of LSD1 in different tumors indicated that LSD1 levels can be used to monitor and identify different tumors and can be a useful biomarker of progression and fair diagnosis in tumor patients. The clinical trials showed that inhibitors of LSD1 have growing evidence of clinical efficacy which is very encouraging and promising. However, for some of the inhibitors such as GSK2879552, though selective, potent, and effective, its disease control was poor as the rate of adverse events (AEs) was high in tumor patients causing clinical trial termination, and continuation could not be supported by the risk-benefit profile. Therefore, we propose that, to attain excellent clinical results of inhibitors of LSD1, much attention is required in designing appropriate dosing regimens, developing in-depth in vitro/in vivo mechanistic works of LSD1 inhibitors, and developing inhibitors of LSD1 that are reversible, safe, potent, and selective which may offer safer profiles.
Collapse
|
97
|
Lainez-González D, Serrano-López J, Alonso-Domínguez JM. Understanding the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: A Necessary Step toward a Cure. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040255. [PMID: 33804919 PMCID: PMC8063837 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hedgehog signaling pathway is related to the cell cycle. In particular, it is considered to play a fundamental role in the quiescence of leukemic stem cell (i.e., a temporary resting state without cell replication). Leukemic stem cells are the cells supposed to give rise to the relapses of the leukemia. Therefore, the Hedgehog pathway must be understood to improve the current treatments against acute myeloid leukemia and avoid the relapse of the disease. In this review, we gather the present knowledge about the physiological Hedgehog pathway function, the aberrant activation of Hedgehog in leukemia, and highlight the lack of evidence regarding some aspects of this important pathway. Finally, we summarize the acute myeloid leukemia treatments targeting this signaling pathway. Abstract A better understanding of how signaling pathways govern cell fate is fundamental to advances in cancer development and treatment. The initialization of different tumors and their maintenance are caused by the deregulation of different signaling pathways and cancer stem cell maintenance. Quiescent stem cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic treatments and, consequently, are responsible for disease relapse. In this review we focus on the conserved Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway which is involved in regulating the cell cycle of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. Thus, we examine the role of the Hh signaling pathway in normal and leukemic stem cells and dissect its role in acute myeloid leukemia. We explain not only the connection between illness and the signaling pathway but also evaluate innovative therapeutic approaches that could affect the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We found that many aspects of the Hedgehog signaling pathway remain unknown. The role of Hh has only been proven in embryo and hematopoietic stem cell development. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of GLI transcription factors for therapeutic targeting. Glasdegib, an SMO inhibitor, has shown clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia; however, its mechanism of action is not clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lainez-González
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Juana Serrano-López
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Juan Manuel Alonso-Domínguez
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918488100-2673
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Caulier B, Stofleth G, Hannani D, Guidetti M, Josserand V, Laurin D, Chroboczek J, Mossuz P, Plantaz D. Evaluation of the human type 3 adenoviral dodecahedron as a vector to target acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:181-190. [PMID: 33473357 PMCID: PMC7797482 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive systemic chemotherapy is the gold standard of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment and is associated with considerable off-target toxicities. Safer and targeted delivery systems are thus urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated a virus-like particle derived from the human type 3 adenovirus, called the adenoviral dodecahedron (Dd) to target AML cells. The vectorization of leukemic cells was proved very effective at nanomolar concentrations in a time- and dose-dependent manner, without vector toxicity. The internalization involved clathrin-mediated energy-dependent endocytosis and strongly correlated with the expression of αVβ3 integrin. The treatment of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a preferential targeting of monocytes compared to lymphocytes and granulocytes. Similarly, monocytes but also AML blasts were the best-vectorized populations in patients while acute lymphoid leukemia blasts were less efficiently targeted. Importantly, AML leukemic stem cells (LSCs) could be addressed. Finally, Dd reached peripheral monocytes and bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells following intravenous injection in mice, without excessive spreading in other organs. These findings reveal Dd as a promising myeloid vector especially for therapeutic purposes in AML blasts, LSCs, and progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Caulier
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Stofleth
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Immuno-Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Dalil Hannani
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Guidetti
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Josserand
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Laurin
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jadwiga Chroboczek
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mossuz
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Plantaz
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Immuno-Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Han H, Byun JM, Shin DY, Yoon SS, Koh Y, Hong J, Kim I, Lee C, Yoo H, Yun H, Kim MJ, Cho SI, Seong MW, Park SS. Leukemic stem cell phenotype is associated with mutational profile in acute myeloid leukemia. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:401-412. [PMID: 32811132 PMCID: PMC7969060 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Understanding leukemic stem cell (LSC) is important for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. However, association of LSC with patient prognosis and genetic information in AML patients is unclear. METHODS Here we investigated the associations between genetic information and the various LSC phenotypes, namely multipotent progenitor (MPP)-like, lymphoid primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP)-like and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP)-like LSC in 52 AML patients. RESULTS In secondary AML patients, MPP-like LSC was significantly higher than de novo AML (p = 0.0037). The proportion of MPP-like LSC was especially high in post-myeloproliferative neoplasm AML (p = 0.0485). There was no correlation between age and LSC phenotype. Mutations of KRAS and NRAS were observed in MPP-like LSC dominant patients, TP53 and ASXL1 mutations in LMPP-like LSC dominant patients, and CEBPA, DNMT3A and IDH1 mutations in GMP-like LSC dominant patients. Furthermore, KRAS mutation was significantly associated with MPP-like LSC expression (p = 0.0540), and TP53 mutation with LMPP-like LSC expression (p = 0.0276). When the patients were separated according to the combined risk including next generation sequencing data, the poorer the prognosis, the higher the LMPP-like LSC expression (p = 0.0052). This suggests that the dominant phenotype of LSC is one of the important factors in predicting the prognosis and treatment of AML. CONCLUSION LSC phenotype in AML is closely associated with the recurrent mutations which has prognostic implication. Further research to confirm the meaning of LSC phenotype in the context of genetic aberration is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heejoo Han
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Min Byun
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Dong-Yeop Shin, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2228 Fax: +82-2-762-9662 E-mail:
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junshik Hong
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chansup Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjoo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Im Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Zeisig BB, Fung TK, Zarowiecki M, Tsai CT, Luo H, Stanojevic B, Lynn C, Leung AYH, Zuna J, Zaliova M, Bornhauser M, von Bonin M, Lenhard B, Huang S, Mufti GJ, So CWE. Functional reconstruction of human AML reveals stem cell origin and vulnerability of treatment-resistant MLL-rearranged leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc4822. [PMID: 33627486 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains the major challenge for successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although recent mouse studies suggest that treatment response of genetically and immunophenotypically indistinguishable AML can be influenced by their different cells of origin, corresponding evidence in human disease is still largely lacking. By combining prospective disease modeling using highly purified human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells with retrospective deconvolution study of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) from primary patient samples, we identified human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) as two distinctive origins of human AML driven by Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene fusions (MLL-AML). Despite LSCs from either MLL-rearranged HSCs or MLL-rearranged CMPs having a mature CD34-/lo/CD38+ immunophenotype in both a humanized mouse model and primary patient samples, the resulting AML cells exhibited contrasting responses to chemotherapy. HSC-derived MLL-AML was highly resistant to chemotherapy and expressed elevated amounts of the multispecific anion transporter ABCC3. Inhibition of ABCC3 by shRNA-mediated knockdown or with small-molecule inhibitor fidaxomicin, currently used for diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile infection, effectively resensitized HSC-derived MLL-AML toward standard chemotherapeutic drugs. This study not only functionally established two distinctive origins of human LSCs for MLL-AML and their role in mediating chemoresistance but also identified a potential therapeutic avenue for stem cell-associated treatment resistance by repurposing a well-tolerated antidiarrhea drug already used in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd B Zeisig
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Tsz Kan Fung
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Magdalena Zarowiecki
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Chiou Tsun Tsai
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Huacheng Luo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Boban Stanojevic
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Claire Lynn
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anskar Y H Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, HKSAR, China
| | - Jan Zuna
- CLIP, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- CLIP, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | | | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Boris Lenhard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Computational Regulatory Genomics, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Suming Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Ghulam J Mufti
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London SE5 9NU, UK.
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| |
Collapse
|