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Gault N, Verbiest T, Badie C, Romeo PH, Bouffler S. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell responses to low radiation doses - implications for leukemia risk. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:892-899. [PMID: 30652952 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1569777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the responses of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to low doses of ionizing radiation formed an important aspect of the RISK-IR project ( www.risk-ir.eu ). A brief overview of these studies is presented here. The findings confirm the sensitivity of HSPCs to radiation even at low doses, and illustrate the substantial impact that differentiation state has upon cell sensitivity. The work provides mechanistic support for epidemiological findings of leukemia risk at dose levels used in diagnostic CT imaging, and further suggests that low-dose irradiation may facilitate bone marrow transplantation, a finding that could lead to refinements in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gault
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Tom Verbiest
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Simon Bouffler
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
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Siama Z, Zosang-Zuali M, Vanlalruati A, Jagetia GC, Pau KS, Kumar NS. Chronic low dose exposure of hospital workers to ionizing radiation leads to increased micronuclei frequency and reduced antioxidants in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:697-709. [PMID: 30668213 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1571255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The regular low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation may induce deleterious health effects, which may be of particular interest to medical radiation workers who daily handle X-ray machines. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes are able to retain the signature of radiation-induced DNA damage, therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the DNA damage and antioxidants status in hospital workers occupationally exposed to low doses of X-rays. Materials and methods: The peripheral blood lymphocytes of the occupationally exposed and control groups matched for age, gender, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption were cultured and micronuclei frequency was determined. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were also estimated in their plasma. Results: The micronuclei frequency in the occupationally exposed group (n = 33), increased significantly (p < .0001) followed by reduced glutathione-s-transferase (p < .01) and catalase (p < .001) activities, and increased lipid peroxidation (p < .05) when compared to the control group (n = 33). Occupational exposure resulted in an effective dose ranging between 3.14 to 144.5 mSv (40.88 ± 39.86mSv) depending on the employment duration of 3-29 years (10.33 ± 7.05 years). A correlation between the micronuclei frequency (p < .05) and catalase activity (p < .05) existed in the occupationally exposed individuals depending on the smoking habit, age, duration of employment, cumulative exposure dose and number of patients handled per day. Conclusions: We have observed that protracted low dose exposure to ionizing radiation is an inevitable occupational hazard leading to persistence of oxidative stress and increased genomic instability in the radiological technicians depending on the time spent with X-rays, cumulative dose received and the number of patients handled daily raising the risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zothan Siama
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Mary Zosang-Zuali
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Annie Vanlalruati
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Kham Suan Pau
- b Radiation Safety Agency, Directorate of Hospital and Medical Education , Aizawl , India
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Tharmalingam S, Sreetharan S, Brooks AL, Boreham DR. Re-evaluation of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model using new paradigms and modern molecular studies. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 301:54-67. [PMID: 30763548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model is currently used to estimate low dose radiation (LDR) induced health risks. This model lacks safety thresholds and postulates that health risks caused by ionizing radiation is directly proportional to dose. Therefore even the smallest radiation dose has the potential to cause an increase in cancer risk. Advances in LDR biology and cell molecular techniques demonstrate that the LNT model does not appropriately reflect the biology or the health effects at the low dose range. The main pitfall of the LNT model is due to the extrapolation of mutation and DNA damage studies that were conducted at high radiation doses delivered at a high dose-rate. These studies formed the basis of several outdated paradigms that are either incorrect or do not hold for LDR doses. Thus, the goal of this review is to summarize the modern cellular and molecular literature in LDR biology and provide new paradigms that better represent the biological effects in the low dose range. We demonstrate that LDR activates a variety of cellular defense mechanisms including DNA repair systems, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cell cycle arrest, senescence, adaptive memory, bystander effects, epigenetics, immune stimulation, and tumor suppression. The evidence presented in this review reveals that there are minimal health risks (cancer) with LDR exposure, and that a dose higher than some threshold value is necessary to achieve the harmful effects classically observed with high doses of radiation. Knowledge gained from this review can help the radiation protection community in making informed decisions regarding radiation policy and limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
| | - Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Antone L Brooks
- Environmental Science, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada; Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON(3), UK.
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Wang Y, Bannister LA, Sebastian S, Le Y, Ismail Y, Didychuk C, Richardson RB, Flegal F, Paterson LC, Causey P, Fawaz A, Wyatt H, Priest N, Klokov D. Low-dose radiobiology program at Canadian nuclear laboratories: past, present, and future. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1562252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laura A. Bannister
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Soji Sebastian
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Yevgeniya Le
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Youssef Ismail
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Candice Didychuk
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Richard B. Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
- McGill Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre–Glen Site, Montreal, Canada
| | - Farrah Flegal
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Laura C. Paterson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Patrick Causey
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Ali Fawaz
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Heather Wyatt
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | | | - Dmitry Klokov
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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55
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Parascandolo A, Laukkanen MO. Carcinogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling: Interaction of the NADPH Oxidase NOX1-5 and Superoxide Dismutase 1-3 Signal Transduction Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:443-486. [PMID: 29478325 PMCID: PMC6393772 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reduction/oxidation (redox) balance could be defined as an even distribution of reduction and oxidation complementary processes and their reaction end products. There is a consensus that aberrant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), commonly observed in cancer, stimulate primary cell immortalization and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism how different ROS regulate redox balance is not completely understood. Recent Advances: In the current review, we have summarized the main signaling cascades inducing NADPH oxidase NOX1-5 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-3 expression and their connection to cell proliferation, immortalization, transformation, and CD34+ cell differentiation in thyroid, colon, lung, breast, and hematological cancers. CRITICAL ISSUES Interestingly, many of the signaling pathways activating redox enzymes or mediating the effect of ROS are common, such as pathways initiated from G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors involving protein kinase A, phospholipase C, calcium, and small GTPase signaling molecules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The clarification of interaction of signal transduction pathways could explain how cells regulate redox balance and may even provide means to inhibit the accumulation of harmful levels of ROS in human pathologies.
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56
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Mothersill C, Abend M, Bréchignac F, Copplestone D, Geras'kin S, Goodman J, Horemans N, Jeggo P, McBride W, Mousseau TA, O'Hare A, Papineni RVL, Powathil G, Schofield PN, Seymour C, Sutcliffe J, Austin B. The tubercular badger and the uncertain curve:- The need for a multiple stressor approach in environmental radiation protection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:130-140. [PMID: 30296640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of a workshop held in Stirling, Scotland in June 2018, called to examine critically the effects of low-dose ionising radiation on the ecosphere. The meeting brought together participants from the fields of low- and high-dose radiobiology and those working in radioecology to discuss the effects that low doses of radiation have on non-human biota. In particular, the shape of the low-dose response relationship and the extent to which the effects of low-dose and chronic exposure may be predicted from high dose rate exposures were discussed. It was concluded that high dose effects were not predictive of low dose effects. It followed that the tools presently available were deemed insufficient to reliably predict risk of low dose exposures in ecosystems. The workshop participants agreed on three major recommendations for a path forward. First, as treating radiation as a single or unique stressor was considered insufficient, the development of a multidisciplinary approach is suggested to address key concerns about multiple stressors in the ecosphere. Second, agreed definitions are needed to deal with the multiplicity of factors determining outcome to low dose exposures as a term can have different meanings in different disciplines. Third, appropriate tools need to be developed to deal with the different time, space and organisation level scales. These recommendations permit a more accurate picture of prospective risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Francois Bréchignac
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) & International Union of Radioecology, Centre du Cadarache, Bldg 229, St Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - David Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Stanislav Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology & Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109km, Obninsk 249020, Russia.
| | - Jessica Goodman
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Penny Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
| | - William McBride
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Anthony O'Hare
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Rao V L Papineni
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center - KUMC (Adjunct), and PACT & Health, Branford, CT, USA.
| | - Gibin Powathil
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Dept of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
| | - Jill Sutcliffe
- Low Level Radiation and Health Conference, Ingrams Farm Fittleworth Road, Wisborough Green RH14 0JA, West Sussex, UK.
| | - Brian Austin
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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57
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Haematological analysis of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in the area affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16748. [PMID: 30425289 PMCID: PMC6233195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several populations of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) inhabit the area around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP). To measure and control the size of these populations, macaques are captured annually. Between May 2013 and December 2014, we performed a haematological analysis of Japanese macaques captured within a 40-km radius of FNPP, the location of a nuclear disaster two years post-accident. The dose-rate of radiocaesium was estimated using the ERICA Tool. The median internal dose-rate was 7.6 μGy/day (ranging from 1.8 to 219 μGy/day) and the external dose-rate was 13.9 μGy/day (ranging from 6.7 to 35.1 μGy/day). We performed multiple regression analyses to estimate the dose-rate effects on haematological values in peripheral blood and bone marrow. The white blood cell and platelet counts showed an inverse correlation with the internal dose-rate in mature macaques. Furthermore, the myeloid cell, megakaryocyte, and haematopoietic cell counts were inversely correlated and the occupancy of adipose tissue was positively correlated with internal dose-rate in femoral bone marrow of mature macaques. These relationships suggest that persistent whole body exposure to low-dose-rate radiation affects haematopoiesis in Japanese macaques.
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58
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Man Z, Meng X, Sun F, Pu Y, Xu K, Sun R, Zhang J, Yin L, Pu Y. Global Identification of HIF-1α Target Genes in Benzene Poisoning Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112531. [PMID: 30424520 PMCID: PMC6266356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a hematopoietic toxicant, and hematopoietic cells in bone marrow (BM) are one of the main targets for its action, especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is associated with the metabolism and physiological functions of HSCs. We previously found that the mechanism of regulation of HIF-1α is involved in benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity. In this study, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) technologies were used to analyze the genome-wide binding spectrum of HIF-1α in mouse BM cells, and specific HIF-1α target genes and pathways associated with benzene toxicity were screened and validated. By application of the ChIP-Seq technique, we identified target genes HIF-1α directly binds to and regulates. Forty-two differentially down-regulated genes containing the HIF-1α specific binding site hypoxia response element (HRE) were found, of which 25 genes were with biological function. Moreover, the enrichment analysis of signal pathways indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Pyrimidine metabolism, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and Transcriptional misregulation in cancer. After verification, 11 genes involved in HSC self-renewal, cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis pathways were found to be significantly reduced, and may participate in benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Our study provides a new academic clue for the mechanism of benzene hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Man
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yunqiu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Murray D, Mirzayans R, McBride WH. Defenses against Pro-oxidant Forces - Maintenance of Cellular and Genomic Integrity and Longevity. Radiat Res 2018; 190:331-349. [PMID: 30040046 PMCID: PMC6203329 DOI: 10.1667/rr15101.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There has been enormous recent progress in understanding how human cells respond to oxidative stress, such as that caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. We have witnessed a significant deciphering of the events that underlie how antioxidant responses counter pro-oxidant damage to key biological targets in all cellular compartments, including the genome and mitochondria. These cytoprotective responses include: 1. The basal cellular repertoire of antioxidant capabilities and its supporting cast of facilitator enzymes; and 2. The inducible phase of the antioxidant response, notably that mediated by the Nrf2 transcription factor. There has also been frenetic progress in defining how reactive electrophilic species swamp existing protective mechanisms to augment DNA damage, events that are embodied in the cellular "DNA-damage response", including cell cycle checkpoint activation and DNA repair, which occur on a time scale of hours to days, as well as the implementation of cellular responses such as apoptosis, autophagy, senescence and reprograming that extend the time period of damage sensing and response into weeks, months and years. It has become apparent that, in addition to the initial oxidative insult, cells typically undergo further waves of secondary reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generation, DNA damage and signaling and that these may reemerge long after the initial events have subsided, probably being driven, at least in part, by persisting DNA damage. These reactive oxygen/nitrogen species are an integral part of the pathological consequences of radiation exposure and may persist across multiple cell divisions. Because of the pervasive nature of oxidative stress, a cell will manifest different responses in different subcellular compartments and to different levels of stress injury. Aspects of these compartmentalized responses can involve the same proteins (such as ATM, p53 and p21) but in different functional guises, e.g., in cytoplasmic versus nuclear responses or in early- versus late-phase events. Many of these responses involve gene activation and new protein synthesis as well as a plethora of post-translational modifications of both basal and induced response proteins. It is these responses that we focus on in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Murray
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - William H. McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
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60
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Karabulutoglu M, Finnon R, Imaoka T, Friedl AA, Badie C. Influence of diet and metabolism on hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:452-479. [PMID: 29932783 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1490042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The review aims to discuss the prominence of dietary and metabolic regulators in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, long-term self-renewal, and differentiation. RESULTS Most adult stem cells are preserved in a quiescent, nonmotile state in vivo which acts as a "protective state" for stem cells to reduce endogenous stress provoked by DNA replication and cellular respiration as well as exogenous environmental stress. The dynamic balance between quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation is critical for supporting a functional blood system throughout life of an organism. Stress-conditions, for example ionizing radiation exposure can trigger the blood forming HSCs to proliferate and migrate through extramedullary tissues to expand the number of HSCs and increase hematopoiesis. In addition, a wealth of investigation validated that deregulation of this balance plays a critical pathogenic role in various different hematopoietic diseases including the leukemia development. CONCLUSION The review summarizes the current knowledge on how alterations in dietary and metabolic factors could alter the risk of leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure by inhibiting or even reversing the leukemic progression. Understanding the influence of diet, metabolism, and epigenetics on radiation-induced leukemogenesis may lead to the development of practical interventions to reduce the risk in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karabulutoglu
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK.,b CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- c Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba , Japan
| | - Anna A Friedl
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christophe Badie
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
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61
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Nagle PW, Hosper NA, Barazzuol L, Jellema AL, Baanstra M, van Goethem MJ, Brandenburg S, Giesen U, Langendijk JA, van Luijk P, Coppes RP. Lack of DNA Damage Response at Low Radiation Doses in Adult Stem Cells Contributes to Organ Dysfunction. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6583-6593. [PMID: 30135147 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer may result in serious side effects, such as hyposalivation, impairing the patient's quality of life. Modern radiotherapy techniques attempt to reduce the dose to salivary glands, which, however, results in low-dose irradiation of the tissue stem cells. Here we assess the low-dose sensitivity of tissue stem cells and the consequences for tissue function. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Postirradiation rat salivary gland secretory function was determined after pilocarpine induction. Murine and patient-derived salivary gland and thyroid gland organoids were irradiated and clonogenic survival was assessed. The DNA damage response (DDR) was analyzed in organoids and modulated using different radiation modalities, chemical inhibition, and genetic modification. RESULTS Relative low-dose irradiation to the high-density stem cell region of rat salivary gland disproportionally impaired function. Hyper-radiosensitivity at doses <1 Gy, followed by relative radioresistance at doses ≥1 Gy, was observed in salivary gland and thyroid gland organoid cultures. DDR modulation resulted in diminished, or even abrogated, relative radioresistance. Furthermore, inhibition of the DDR protein ATM impaired DNA repair after 1 Gy, but not 0.25 Gy. Irradiation of patient-derived salivary gland organoid cells showed similar responses, whereas a single 1 Gy dose to salivary gland-derived stem cells resulted in greater survival than clinically relevant fractionated doses of 4 × 0.25 Gy. CONCLUSIONS We show that murine and human glandular tissue stem cells exhibit a dose threshold in DDR activation, resulting in low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity, with clinical implications in radiotherapy treatment planning. Furthermore, our results from patient-derived organoids highlight the potential of organoids to study normal tissue responses to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Nagle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke A Hosper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne L Jellema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Baanstra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc-Jan van Goethem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sytze Brandenburg
- KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Giesen
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob P Coppes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Singh SK, Singh S, Gadomski S, Sun L, Pfannenstein A, Magidson V, Chen X, Kozlov S, Tessarollo L, Klarmann KD, Keller JR. Id1 Ablation Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Stress-Induced Exhaustion and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:252-265.e8. [PMID: 30082068 PMCID: PMC6149219 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Defining mechanisms that maintain tissue stem cells during homeostasis, stress, and aging is important for improving tissue regeneration and repair and enhancing cancer therapies. Here, we show that Id1 is induced in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by cytokines that promote HSC proliferation and differentiation, suggesting that it functions in stress hematopoiesis. Genetic ablation of Id1 increases HSC self-renewal in serial bone marrow transplantation (BMT) assays, correlating with decreases in HSC proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Id1-/- HSCs have a quiescent molecular signature and harbor less DNA damage than control HSCs. Cytokines produced in the hematopoietic microenvironment after γ-irradiation induce Id1 expression. Id1-/- HSCs display a blunted proliferative response to such cytokines and other inducers of chronic proliferation including genotoxic and inflammatory stress and aging, protecting them from chronic stress and exhaustion. Thus, targeting Id1 may be therapeutically useful for improving HSC survival and function during BMT, chronic stress, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra K Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Cell Culture, Center for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephen Gadomski
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Pfannenstein
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiongfong Chen
- Advanced Biomedical and Computation Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program and Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program and Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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63
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Cameron BD, Sekhar KR, Ofori M, Freeman ML. The Role of Nrf2 in the Response to Normal Tissue Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2018; 190:99-106. [PMID: 29799319 DOI: 10.1667/rr15059.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is an important modulator of antioxidant and drug metabolism, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as heme and iron metabolism. Regulation of Nrf2 expression occurs transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Post-transcriptional regulation entails ubiquitination followed by proteasome-dependent degradation. Additionally, Nrf2-mediated gene expression is subject to negative regulation by ATF3, Bach1 and cMyc. Nrf2-mediated gene expression is an important regulator of a cell's response to radiation. Although a majority of studies have shown that Nrf2 deficient cells are radiosensitized and Nrf2 over expression confers radioresistance, Nrf2's role in mediating the radiation response of crypt cells is controversial. The Nrf2 activator CDDO attenuates radiation-mediated crypt injury, whereas intestinal crypts in Nrf2 null mice are radiation resistant. Further investigation is needed in order to define the relationship between Nrf2 and radiation sensitivity in Lgr5+ and Bmi1+ cells that regulate regeneration of crypt stem cells. In hematopoietic compartments Nrf2 promotes the survival of irradiated osteoblasts that support long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) niches. Loss of Nrf2 in LT-HSCs increases stem cell intrinsic radiosensitivity, with the consequence of lowering the LD5030. An Nrf2 deficiency drives LT-HSCs from a quiescent to a proliferative state. This results in hematopoietic exhaustion and reduced engraftment after myoablative irradiation. The question of whether induction of Nrf2 in LT-HSC enhances hematopoietic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation is not yet resolved. Irradiation of the lung induces pulmonary pneumonitis and fibrosis. Loss of Nrf2 promotes TGF-β/Smad signaling that induces ATF3 suppression of Nrf2-mediated target gene expression. This, in turn, results in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and isolevuglandin adduction of protein that impairs collagen degradation, and may contribute to radiation-induced chronic cell injury. Loss of Nrf2 impairs ΔNp63 stem/progenitor cell mobilization after irradiation, while promoting alveolar type 2 cell epithelial-mesenchymal transitions into myofibroblasts. These studies identify Nrf2 as an important factor in the radiation response of normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D Cameron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Konjeti R Sekhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Maxwell Ofori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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64
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Squillaro T, Galano G, De Rosa R, Peluso G, Galderisi U. Concise Review: The Effect of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation on Stem Cell Biology: A Contribution to Radiation Risk. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1146-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
| | | | | | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, CNR; Naples Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, CNR; Naples Italy
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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65
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Averbeck D, Salomaa S, Bouffler S, Ottolenghi A, Smyth V, Sabatier L. Progress in low dose health risk research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:46-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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