51
|
Tang C, Livingston MJ, Liu Z, Dong Z. Autophagy in kidney homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:489-508. [PMID: 32704047 PMCID: PMC7868042 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic components. Basal autophagy in kidney cells is essential for the maintenance of kidney homeostasis, structure and function. Under stress conditions, autophagy is altered as part of the adaptive response of kidney cells, in a process that is tightly regulated by signalling pathways that can modulate the cellular autophagic flux - mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuins are key regulators of autophagy. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury, to incomplete kidney repair after acute kidney injury and to chronic kidney disease of varied aetiologies, including diabetic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and polycystic kidney disease. Autophagy also has a role in kidney ageing. However, questions remain about whether autophagy has a protective or a pathological role in kidney fibrosis, and about the precise mechanisms and signalling pathways underlying the autophagy response in different types of kidney cells and across the spectrum of kidney diseases. Further research is needed to gain insights into the regulation of autophagy in the kidneys and to enable the discovery of pathway-specific and kidney-selective therapies for kidney diseases and anti-ageing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Man J Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hosawi SB, Humphries JD, Coward RJ, Knight D, Humphries MJ, Lennon R. Global proteomic analysis of insulin receptor interactors in glomerular podocytes. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:202. [PMID: 33458251 PMCID: PMC7788524 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16072.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin signalling contributes to diverse cellular activities including protein synthesis, proliferation and cell survival. Insulin resistance describes the inability of cells to activate the insulin signalling pathway effectively; leading to pathological effects in multiple organ systems including the kidney. In diabetic kidney disease, there is progressive glomerular dysfunction and recent studies have demonstrated that the kidney podocyte is a direct target for insulin action. In this study we defined the literature-based insulin receptor (INSR) interactome and utilised an unbiased proteomic approach to examine INSR interactors in podocytes. Methods: Human podocytes expressing the INSR were characterised under basal and insulin resistant conditions. The INSR was isolated by whole cell immunoprecipitation following a time course stimulation of 2, 7, and 15 minutes with of 100nM insulin. The resulting INSR complexes were analysed by label-free mass spectrometry (MS) to detect protein interactors. Results: We identified 27 known, direct INSR interactors in addition to novel interactors including doublecortin domain-containing protein 2 (DCDC2). The interaction of DCDC2 with the INSR was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence, and under insulin resistant conditions, DCDC2 had increased association with the INSR. siRNA knockdown of DCDC2 in podocytes resulted in cell morphological change and altered INSR localisation. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the complexity of INSR interactors in podocytes and highlights DCDC2 as a novel INSR binding protein. Involvement of this novel interactor in insulin signalling and podocyte biology may explain how insulin resistance alters morphology and integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman B. Hosawi
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - David Knight
- Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Wang D, Yang J, Fan J, Chen W, Nikolic‐Paterson DJ, Li J. Omics technologies for kidney disease research. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2729-2742. [PMID: 32592293 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | | | - Jinhua Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
- Shunde Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Shunde Guangdong China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan Guangdong China
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
RNA-seq reveals altered gene expression levels in proximal tubular cell cultures compared to renal cortex but not during early glucotoxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10390. [PMID: 32587318 PMCID: PMC7316724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures are often used to study physiological processes in health and disease. It is well-known that cells change their gene expression in vitro compared to in vivo, but it is rarely experimentally addressed. High glucose is a known trigger of apoptosis in proximal tubular cells (PTC). Here we used RNA-seq to detect differentially expressed genes in cultures of primary rat PTC, 3 days old, compared to cells retrieved directly from rat outer renal cortex and between PTC exposed to 15 mM glucose and control for 8 h. The expression of 6,174 genes was significantly up- or downregulated in the cultures of PTC compared to the cells in the outer renal cortex. Most altered were mitochondrial and metabolism related genes. Gene expression of proapoptotic proteins were upregulated and gene expression of antiapoptotic proteins were downregulated in PTC. Expression of transporter related genes were generally downregulated. After 8 h, high glucose had not altered the gene expression in PTC. The current study provides evidence that cells alter their gene expression in vitro compared to in vivo and suggests that short-term high glucose exposure can trigger apoptosis in PTC without changing the gene expression levels of apoptotic proteins.
Collapse
|
55
|
Saoud R, Jaffa MA, Habib A, Zhao J, Al Hariri M, Zhu R, Hasan A, Ziyadeh FN, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y, Jaffa AA. Modulation of proteomic and inflammatory signals by Bradykinin in podocytes. J Adv Res 2020; 24:409-422. [PMID: 32518694 PMCID: PMC7270529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte damage is one of the hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy leading to proteinuria and kidney damage. The underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury are not well defined. Bradykinin (BK) was shown to contribute to diabetic kidney disease. Here, we evaluated the temporal changes in proteome profile and inflammatory signals of podocytes in response to BK (10−7M). Protein profile was evaluated by liquid chromatography mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Proteome profile analysis of podocytes treated with BK (10−7M) for 3 and 6 h, revealed 61 proteins that were differentially altered compared to unstimulated control podocytes. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested inhibition of cell death pathways, engagement of cytoskeletal elements and activation of inflammatory pathways. One of the inflammatory proteins that was identified to be induced by BK treatment is Prostaglandin (PG) H Synthase-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2). In addition, BK significantly induced the production and release of PGE2 and this effect was inhibited by both COX-2 and MEK Kinase inhibitors, demonstrating that the production of PGE2 by BK is mediated via COX-2 and MAPK-dependent mechanisms. These findings provide a global understanding of the effector modulated proteome in response to BK and also reveal BK as an important modulator of inflammation and a potential player in podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Saoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miran A Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM-U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, France
| | - Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Moustafa Al Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Fuad N Ziyadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Butt L, Unnersjö-Jess D, Höhne M, Edwards A, Binz-Lotter J, Reilly D, Hahnfeldt R, Ziegler V, Fremter K, Rinschen MM, Helmstädter M, Ebert LK, Castrop H, Hackl MJ, Walz G, Brinkkoetter PT, Liebau MC, Tory K, Hoyer PF, Beck BB, Brismar H, Blom H, Schermer B, Benzing T. A molecular mechanism explaining albuminuria in kidney disease. Nat Metab 2020; 2:461-474. [PMID: 32694662 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys constantly filter large amounts of liquid, with almost complete retention of albumin and other macromolecules in the plasma. Breakdown of the three-layered renal filtration barrier results in loss of albumin into urine (albuminuria) across the wall of small renal capillaries, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. However, exactly how the renal filter works and why its permeability is altered in kidney diseases is poorly understood. Here we show that the permeability of the renal filter is modulated through compression of the capillary wall. We collect morphometric data prior to and after onset of albuminuria in a mouse model equivalent to a human genetic disease affecting the renal filtration barrier. Combining quantitative analyses with mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that morphological alterations of the glomerular filtration barrier lead to reduced compressive forces that counteract filtration pressure, thereby resulting in capillary dilatation, and ultimately albuminuria. Our results reveal distinct functions of the different layers of the filtration barrier and expand the molecular understanding of defective renal filtration in chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aurelie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Binz-Lotter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dervla Reilly
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hahnfeldt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Ziegler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Fremter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena K Ebert
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Hackl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kálmán Tory
- MTA-SE Lendület Nephrogenetic Laboratory, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter F Hoyer
- University Children's Hospital, Clinic for Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hans Blom
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
The genetic architecture of membranous nephropathy and its potential to improve non-invasive diagnosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1600. [PMID: 32231244 PMCID: PMC7105485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is a rare autoimmune cause of kidney failure. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for primary MN in 3,782 cases and 9,038 controls of East Asian and European ancestries. We discover two previously unreported loci, NFKB1 (rs230540, OR = 1.25, P = 3.4 × 10−12) and IRF4 (rs9405192, OR = 1.29, P = 1.4 × 10−14), fine-map the PLA2R1 locus (rs17831251, OR = 2.25, P = 4.7 × 10−103) and report ancestry-specific effects of three classical HLA alleles: DRB1*1501 in East Asians (OR = 3.81, P = 2.0 × 10−49), DQA1*0501 in Europeans (OR = 2.88, P = 5.7 × 10−93), and DRB1*0301 in both ethnicities (OR = 3.50, P = 9.2 × 10−23 and OR = 3.39, P = 5.2 × 10−82, respectively). GWAS loci explain 32% of disease risk in East Asians and 25% in Europeans, and correctly re-classify 20–37% of the cases in validation cohorts that are antibody-negative by the serum anti-PLA2R ELISA diagnostic test. Our findings highlight an unusual genetic architecture of MN, with four loci and their interactions accounting for nearly one-third of the disease risk. Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a rare autoimmune disease of podocyte-directed antibodies, such as anti-phospholipase A2 receptor. Here, the authors report a genome-wide association study for MN and identify two previously unreported loci encompassing the NFKB1 and IRF4 genes and additional ancestry-specific effects.
Collapse
|
58
|
Rosenberg ME. Presidential Address Kidney Week 2019: Winning the War on Kidney Diseases: The Time Is Now. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:1213-1219. [PMID: 32209582 PMCID: PMC7409743 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.15011219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The American Society of Nephrology Presidential Address was delivered by Mark Rosenberg at Kidney Week 2019 on November 7, 2019 in Washington, DC. The Address describes a remarkable alignment-a syzygy of policy, science, innovation accelerators, clinical trials, clinical care delivery, and activated patients-that exists today in the kidney space. As a community, we must ensure that the strategies developed to take advantage of this alignment, such as Advancing American Kidney Health, succeed. We must overcome our current challenges to thrive as a meaningful specialty. We have an incredible opportunity to come together as a kidney community to ensure success that realigns the priorities and incentives in kidney medicine to better achieve kidney health for all people throughout the world. The time is now to act.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Rosenberg
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Koehler S, Kuczkowski A, Kuehne L, Jüngst C, Hoehne M, Grahammer F, Eddy S, Kretzler M, Beck BB, Höhfeld J, Schermer B, Benzing T, Brinkkoetter PT, Rinschen MM. Proteome Analysis of Isolated Podocytes Reveals Stress Responses in Glomerular Sclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:544-559. [PMID: 32047005 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding podocyte-specific responses to injury at a systems level is difficult because injury leads to podocyte loss or an increase of extracellular matrix, altering glomerular cellular composition. Finding a window into early podocyte injury might help identify molecular pathways involved in the podocyte stress response. METHODS We developed an approach to apply proteome analysis to very small samples of purified podocyte fractions. To examine podocytes in early disease states in FSGS mouse models, we used podocyte fractions isolated from individual mice after chemical induction of glomerular disease (with Doxorubicin or LPS). We also applied single-glomerular proteome analysis to tissue from patients with FSGS. RESULTS Transcriptome and proteome analysis of glomeruli from patients with FSGS revealed an underrepresentation of podocyte-specific genes and proteins in late-stage disease. Proteome analysis of purified podocyte fractions from FSGS mouse models showed an early stress response that includes perturbations of metabolic, mechanical, and proteostasis proteins. Additional analysis revealed a high correlation between the amount of proteinuria and expression levels of the mechanosensor protein Filamin-B. Increased expression of Filamin-B in podocytes in biopsy samples from patients with FSGS, in single glomeruli from proteinuric rats, and in podocytes undergoing mechanical stress suggests that this protein has a role in detrimental stress responses. In Drosophila, nephrocytes with reduced filamin homolog Cher displayed altered filtration capacity, but exhibited no change in slit diaphragm structure. CONCLUSIONS We identified conserved mechanisms of the podocyte stress response through ultrasensitive proteome analysis of human glomerular FSGS tissue and purified native mouse podocytes during early disease stages. This approach enables systematic comparisons of large-scale proteomics data and phenotype-to-protein correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kuczkowski
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucas Kuehne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hoehne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sean Eddy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Höhfeld
- Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
BENZING THOMAS. MOLECULAR DESIGN OF THE KIDNEY FILTRATION BARRIER. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2020; 131:125-139. [PMID: 32675853 PMCID: PMC7358502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys are the central regulators of organismal homeostasis. These organs filter enormous amounts of fluid from plasma; excrete toxic waste products; maintain salt, water, and volume balance; coordinate blood pressure regulation; and maintain the acid-base equilibrium essential for life. Although it has been known for decades that renal glomeruli serve as the site of plasma ultrafiltration and urine production, both the molecular design and function of the kidney filtration barrier have remained elusive. Indeed, the past two decades have witnessed enormous breakthroughs in our fundamental understanding of kidney filtration and the critical role that podocytes, specialized terminally differentiated epithelial cells at the glomerular capillaries, fulfill in the function of the kidney filtration barrier. Here we discuss recent advances in this field that will change the way we think about plasma ultrafiltration in health and proteinuria as a manifestation of glomerular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- THOMAS BENZING
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Thomas Benzing, MD, Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany+ 49 221 4784480, 49 221 4785959
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Rinschen MM, Palygin O, Guijas C, Palermo A, Palacio-Escat N, Domingo-Almenara X, Montenegro-Burke R, Saez-Rodriguez J, Staruschenko A, Siuzdak G. Metabolic rewiring of the hypertensive kidney. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/611/eaax9760. [PMID: 31822592 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a persistent epidemic across the developed world that is closely associated with kidney disease. Here, we applied a metabolomic, phosphoproteomic, and proteomic strategy to analyze the effect of hypertensive insults on kidneys. Our data revealed the metabolic aspects of hypertension-induced glomerular sclerosis, including lipid breakdown at early disease stages and activation of anaplerotic pathways to regenerate energy equivalents to counter stress. For example, branched-chain amino acids and proline, required for collagen synthesis, were depleted in glomeruli at early time points. Furthermore, indicators of metabolic stress were reflected by low amounts of ATP and NADH and an increased abundance of oxidized lipids derived from lipid breakdown. These processes were specific to kidney glomeruli where metabolic signaling occurred through mTOR and AMPK signaling. Quantitative phosphoproteomics combined with computational modeling suggested that these processes controlled key molecules in glomeruli and specifically podocytes, including cytoskeletal components and GTP-binding proteins, which would be expected to compete for decreasing amounts of GTP at early time points. As a result, glomeruli showed increased expression of metabolic enzymes of central carbon metabolism, amino acid degradation, and lipid oxidation, findings observed in previously published studies from other disease models and patients with glomerular damage. Overall, multilayered omics provides an overview of hypertensive kidney damage and suggests that metabolic or dietary interventions could prevent and treat glomerular disease and hypertension-induced nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA.,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Amelia Palermo
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Nicolas Palacio-Escat
- COMBINE-Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xavier Domingo-Almenara
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- COMBINE-Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. .,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
A novel mouse model of phospholipase A2 receptor 1-associated membranous nephropathy mimics podocyte injury in patients. Kidney Int 2019; 97:913-919. [PMID: 32033781 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) is the major autoantigen in patients suffering from membranous nephropathy. To date, the lack of endogenous glomerular expression of PLA2R1 in mice and rats has impeded the establishment of PLA2R1-dependent animal models of this disease. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse line expressing murine full-length PLA2R1 in podocytes. Furthermore, expression of murine PLA2R1 did not result in any morphological disturbance as high-resolution confocal microscopy demonstrated an intact nephrin distribution with normal foot processes. Transfer of rabbit anti-mPLA2R1 antibodies to these mice induced nephrotic range proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia, and histomorphological signs of membranous nephropathy. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses revealed enhanced staining for murine PLA2R1 in the presence of unaffected staining for murine thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in the diseased mice, resembling what is classically found in patients with PLA2R1-associated membranous nephropathy Thus, our mouse model of membranous nephropathy will allow investigation of PLA2R1-specific pathomechanisms and may help to develop and assess antigen-specific treatments in vivo.
Collapse
|
63
|
Tonsawan P, Dylewski J, Lewis L, Blaine J. Knockout of the neonatal Fc receptor in cultured podocytes alters IL-6 signaling and the actin cytoskeleton. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1048-C1060. [PMID: 31553647 PMCID: PMC6879880 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00235.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has been shown to be required for antigen presentation in dendritic cells, and global knockout of FcRn attenuates immune-mediated kidney disease. Podocytes express interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor and produce IL-6 under proinflammatory conditions. Here we examined the role of FcRn in the IL-6-mediated inflammatory response in podocytes. We examined IL-6 production by ELISA and expression by qPCR in wild type (WT) and FcRn knockout (KO) podocytes after treatment with proinflammatory stimuli as well as IL-6-mediated signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway. We also examined podocyte motility in cultured WT and KO podocytes after a proinflammatory challenge. We found that FcRn KO podocytes produced minimal amount of IL-6 after treatment with albumin, IgG, or immune complexes whereas WT podocytes had a robust response. FcRn KO podocytes also had minimal expression of IL-6 compared with WT. By Western blotting, there was significantly less phosphorylated STAT3 in KO podocytes after treatment with IFNγ or immune complexes. In a scratch assay, FcRn KO podocytes showed increased motility comparted KO, suggesting a defect in actin dynamics. Cultured FcRn KO podocytes also demonstrated abnormal stress fibers compared with WT and the defect could be rescued by IL-6 treatment. This study shows that in podocytes, FcRn modulates the IL-6 mediated response to proinflammatory stimuli and regulates podocytes actin structure, motility and synaptopodin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pantipa Tonsawan
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - James Dylewski
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Nephrology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Linda Lewis
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Puelles VG, Fleck D, Ortz L, Papadouri S, Strieder T, Böhner AM, van der Wolde JW, Vogt M, Saritas T, Kuppe C, Fuss A, Menzel S, Klinkhammer BM, Müller-Newen G, Heymann F, Decker L, Braun F, Kretz O, Huber TB, Susaki EA, Ueda HR, Boor P, Floege J, Kramann R, Kurts C, Bertram JF, Spehr M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Moeller MJ. Novel 3D analysis using optical tissue clearing documents the evolution of murine rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:505-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
65
|
Lindoso RS, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Monnerat Cahli G, Collino F, Bastos Carvalho A, Campos de Carvalho AC, Vieyra A. Proteomics in the World of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070703. [PMID: 31336746 PMCID: PMC6678893 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches have significantly impacted knowledge about molecular signaling pathways driving cell function. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have revolutionized the field of biological sciences and proteomics and, in particular, has been instrumental in identifying key elements operating during the maintenance of the pluripotent state and the differentiation process to the diverse cell types that form organisms. This review covers the evolution of conceptual and methodological strategies in proteomics; briefly describes the generation of iPSC from a historical perspective, the state-of-the-art of iPSC-based proteomics; and compares data on the proteome and transcriptome of iPSC to that of embryonic stem cells (ESC). Finally, proteomics of healthy and diseased cells and organoids differentiated from iPSC are analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-102, Brazil
| | - Tais H Kasai-Brunswick
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-102, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monnerat Cahli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-102, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Federica Collino
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-102, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Adriana Bastos Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-102, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-102, Brazil.
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-102, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias 25071-202, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Wang Y, Han P, Wang M, Weng W, Zhan H, Yu X, Yuan C, Shao M, Sun H. Artemether improves type 1 diabetic kidney disease by regulating mitochondrial function. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3879-3889. [PMID: 31312396 PMCID: PMC6614617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus suffer from progressive diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The progression of DKD is largely attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction, with key contributions from mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have revealed that the antimalarial drug artemether has antidiabetic effects. To identify potential effects on type 1 DKD in the present study, mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with artemether. Treatment reduced urinary excretion of albumin and tubular injury biomarkers, increased serum albumin and total protein levels, and attenuated renal hypertrophy. In addition, artemether treatment prevented hyperglycemia, raised serum insulin levels, and restored glucagon/insulin and somatostatin/insulin ratios in islets. We found that artemether improved mitochondrial function and regulated redox balance in kidney. These results demonstrate that artemether provides renal protection in type 1 diabetes mellitus, which may be due to improved mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengxun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenci Weng
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyue Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Changjian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Mumin Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Huili Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Yoshimura Y, Nishinakamura R. Podocyte development, disease, and stem cell research. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1077-1082. [PMID: 31420196 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The glomerular podocyte is one of the major targets of kidney research. Recent establishment of kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells has enabled the detailed analysis of human podocytes in both development and disease. The podocytes in organoids express slit diaphragm-related genes and proteins and exhibit characteristic morphology, especially upon experimental transplantation. Organoid technology is now used to reproduce hereditary podocyte diseases, and selective podocyte induction methods have also been reported. Moreover, single-cell RNA-sequencing of human fetal and adult kidneys has revealed the detailed molecular features of this cell lineage, as well as serving as references for kidney organoids in which podocytes are still immature. Here, we discuss the recent progress and limitations of podocyte research from the viewpoint of developmental biology and kidney organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Han P, Wang Y, Zhan H, Weng W, Yu X, Ge N, Wang W, Song G, Yi T, Li S, Shao M, Sun H. Artemether ameliorates type 2 diabetic kidney disease by increasing mitochondrial pyruvate carrier content in db/db mice. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1389-1402. [PMID: 30972169 PMCID: PMC6456515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of kidney failure, is characterized by albuminuria and renal hypertrophy. Metabolic alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in DKD initiation and progression. Artemether, a methyl ether derivative of artemisinin used for the treatment of malaria, has been identified as a putative candidate for treating diabetes, but its effect on DKD has not been studied. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of artemether on type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Our results show that artemether reduced urinary albumin excretion, prevented diabetic kidney hypertrophy, attenuated glomerular basement membrane and tubular basement membrane thickening, and ameliorated foot process effacement in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Artemether also protected against hyperglycemia and improved diabetic symptoms. In addition, it increased serum insulin level and restored the normal ratio of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin levels in islets. Specifically, artemether increased the respiratory exchange ratio and regulated mitochondrial function and the redox state in the kidney. In conclusion, this experiment confirmed the renal protection ability of artemether in DKD. The mechanisms of this effect might be associated with the ability of artemether to increase mitochondrial pyruvate carrier content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyue Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenci Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaofeng Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiegang Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Mumin Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Huili Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Saez-Rodriguez J, Rinschen MM, Floege J, Kramann R. Big science and big data in nephrology. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1326-1337. [PMID: 30982672 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There have been tremendous advances during the last decade in methods for large-scale, high-throughput data generation and in novel computational approaches to analyze these datasets. These advances have had a profound impact on biomedical research and clinical medicine. The field of genomics is rapidly developing toward single-cell analysis, and major advances in proteomics and metabolomics have been made in recent years. The developments on wearables and electronic health records are poised to change clinical trial design. This rise of 'big data' holds the promise to transform not only research progress, but also clinical decision making towards precision medicine. To have a true impact, it requires integrative and multi-disciplinary approaches that blend experimental, clinical and computational expertise across multiple institutions. Cancer research has been at the forefront of the progress in such large-scale initiatives, so-called 'big science,' with an emphasis on precision medicine, and various other areas are quickly catching up. Nephrology is arguably lagging behind, and hence these are exciting times to start (or redirect) a research career to leverage these developments in nephrology. In this review, we summarize advances in big data generation, computational analysis, and big science initiatives, with a special focus on applications to nephrology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jürgen Floege
- RWTH Aachen, Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- RWTH Aachen, Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Aachen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Rinschen MM. Single glomerular proteomics: A novel tool for translational glomerular cell biology. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 154:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
71
|
3D organoid-derived human glomeruli for personalised podocyte disease modelling and drug screening. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5167. [PMID: 30514835 PMCID: PMC6279764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The podocytes within the glomeruli of the kidney maintain the filtration barrier by forming interdigitating foot processes with intervening slit diaphragms, disruption in which results in proteinuria. Studies into human podocytopathies to date have employed primary or immortalised podocyte cell lines cultured in 2D. Here we compare 3D human glomeruli sieved from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids with conditionally immortalised human podocyte cell lines, revealing improved podocyte-specific gene expression, maintenance in vitro of polarised protein localisation and an improved glomerular basement membrane matrisome compared to 2D cultures. Organoid-derived glomeruli retain marker expression in culture for 96 h, proving amenable to toxicity screening. In addition, 3D organoid glomeruli from a congenital nephrotic syndrome patient with compound heterozygous NPHS1 mutations reveal reduced protein levels of both NEPHRIN and PODOCIN. Hence, human iPSC-derived organoid glomeruli represent an accessible approach to the in vitro modelling of human podocytopathies and screening for podocyte toxicity. Studies examining human podocytopathies have utilised 2D cultured primary or immortalised podocyte cell lines. Here, the authors demonstrate that 3D human glomeruli sieved from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids retain an improved podocyte identity in vitro facilitating disease modelling and toxicity testing.
Collapse
|
72
|
Klein J, Schanstra JP. Implementation of Proteomics Biomarkers in Nephrology: From Animal Models to Human Application? Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800089. [PMID: 30334380 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical animal models are extensively used in nephrology. In this review, the utility of performing proteome analysis of kidney tissue or urine in such models and transfer of the results to human application has been assessed. Analysis of the literature identified 68 relevant publications. Pathway analysis of the reported proteins clearly indicated links with known biological processes in kidney disease providing validation of the observed changes in the preclinical models. However, although most studies focused on the identification of early markers of kidney disease or prediction of its progression, none of the identified makers has made it to substantial validation in the clinic or at least in human samples. Especially in renal disease where urine is an abundant source of biomarkers of diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract, it therefore appears that the focus should be on human material based discovery studies. In contrast, the most valid information of proteome analysis of preclinical models in nephrology for translation in human disease resides in studies focusing on drug evaluation, both efficacy for translation to the clinic and for mechanistic insight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Klein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Rinschen MM, Huesgen PF, Koch RE. The podocyte protease web: uncovering the gatekeepers of glomerular disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1812-F1816. [PMID: 30230368 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00380.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases regulate glomerular physiology. The last decade has revealed a multitude of podocyte proteases that govern the glomerular response to numerous chemical, mechanical, and metabolic cues. These proteases form a protein signaling web that integrates stress stimuli and serves as a key controller of the glomerular microenvironment. Both the extracellular and intracellular proteolytic networks are perturbed in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy. Accordingly, the highly intertwined podocyte protease web is an integrative part of the podocyte's damage response. Novel mass spectrometry-based technologies will help to untangle this proteolytic network: functional readouts acquired from deep podocyte proteomics, single glomerular proteomics, and degradomics have exposed unanticipated protease activity in podocytes. Future efforts should characterize the interdependency and upstream regulation of key proteases, along with their role in promoting tissue heterogeneity in glomerular diseases. These efforts will not only illuminate the machinery of podocyte proteostasis but also reveal avenues for therapeutic intervention in the podocyte protease web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich , Germany
| | - Rachelle E Koch
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|