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Singh MD, Jensen M, Lasser M, Huber E, Yusuff T, Pizzo L, Lifschutz B, Desai I, Kubina A, Yennawar S, Kim S, Iyer J, Rincon-Limas DE, Lowery LA, Girirajan S. NCBP2 modulates neurodevelopmental defects of the 3q29 deletion in Drosophila and Xenopus laevis models. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008590. [PMID: 32053595 PMCID: PMC7043793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1.6 Mbp deletion on chromosome 3q29 is associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, microcephaly, and intellectual disability. Despite its importance towards neurodevelopment, the role of individual genes, genetic interactions, and disrupted biological mechanisms underlying the deletion have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we used quantitative methods to assay Drosophila melanogaster and Xenopus laevis models with tissue-specific individual and pairwise knockdown of 14 homologs of genes within the 3q29 region. We identified developmental, cellular, and neuronal phenotypes for multiple homologs of 3q29 genes, potentially due to altered apoptosis and cell cycle mechanisms during development. Using the fly eye, we screened for 314 pairwise knockdowns of homologs of 3q29 genes and identified 44 interactions between pairs of homologs and 34 interactions with other neurodevelopmental genes. Interestingly, NCBP2 homologs in Drosophila (Cbp20) and X. laevis (ncbp2) enhanced the phenotypes of homologs of the other 3q29 genes, leading to significant increases in apoptosis that disrupted cellular organization and brain morphology. These cellular and neuronal defects were rescued with overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitors Diap1 and xiap in both models, suggesting that apoptosis is one of several potential biological mechanisms disrupted by the deletion. NCBP2 was also highly connected to other 3q29 genes in a human brain-specific interaction network, providing support for the relevance of our results towards the human deletion. Overall, our study suggests that NCBP2-mediated genetic interactions within the 3q29 region disrupt apoptosis and cell cycle mechanisms during development. Rare copy-number variants, or large deletions and duplications in the genome, are associated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. The 3q29 deletion confers an increased risk for schizophrenia and autism. To understand the conserved biological mechanisms that are disrupted by this deletion, we systematically tested 14 individual homologs and 314 pairwise interactions of 3q29 genes for neuronal, cellular, and developmental phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster and Xenopus laevis models. We found that multiple homologs of genes within the deletion region contribute towards developmental defects, such as larval lethality and disrupted cellular organization. Interestingly, we found that NCBP2 acts as a key modifier gene within the region, enhancing the developmental phenotypes of each of the homologs for other 3q29 genes and leading to disruptions in apoptosis and cell cycle pathways. Our results suggest that multiple genes within the 3q29 region interact with each other through shared mechanisms and jointly contribute to neurodevelopmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanglambam Dhruba Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Micaela Lasser
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily Huber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tanzeen Yusuff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lucilla Pizzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian Lifschutz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Inshya Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexis Kubina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sneha Yennawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sydney Kim
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janani Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diego E Rincon-Limas
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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52
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Mei X, Tan G, Qing W. AMPK activation increases postoperative cognitive impairment in intermittent hypoxia rats via direct activating PAK2. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Estrogen (E2) modulates a wide range of neural functions such as spine formation, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Dendritic spines and synapse numbers in hippocampal neurons of female rats cyclically fluctuate across the estrous cycle, but the key genes responsible for these fluctuations are still unknown. In order to address this question, we explore the hippocampal transcriptome via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) at the proestrus (PE) and estrus (ES) stages in female rats. At standard fold-change selection criteria, 37 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in PE vs. ES groups (FDR adjusted p-value (q)<0.05). The transcriptional changes identified by RNA-seq were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. To gain insight into the function of the DEGs, the E2-regulated genes were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG). Based on GO and KEGG pathways, the identified DEGs of PE vs. ES stages are involved in extracellular matrix formation, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, immune system, oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, signal transduction pathways, growth factor signaling, retinoid signaling, aging, cellular process, metabolism and transport. The profiles of the gene expression in the hippocampus identified at the PE vs. ES stages were compared with the gene expression profiles in ovariectomized (OVX) rats receiving E2 replacement via RNA-seq and qPCR. The profiles of gene expression between the OVX+E2 and the estrous cycle were different and the possible causes were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Nei Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min-Xing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Bin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boyu Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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54
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Zhang J, Xue M, Mei Y, Li Z, Ceng Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li N, Teng H, Sun ZS, Wang Y. Co-expression Network of mRNAs and lncRNAs Regulated by Stress-Linked Behavioral Assays. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:571-582. [PMID: 31760461 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mood-related behavioral assays, designed typically on rodents' natural aversion to certain threats, are useful in studying the mechanisms of mood and in discovering effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVES Although reasonable attention has been paid to the conducted sequence, few studies address the argument whether a behavioral assay itself affects the intrinsic signaling, gene expression, and the subsequent performance of mice. METHODS We examined the short- (1 day) and long-term effects (7 and 14 days) of commonly used behavioral assays for anxiety and depression, including the elevated plus maze test (EPM), forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST), on behaviors. We also investigated the effects of repeated behavioral assays on behaviors. The alterations in the expression profiles in the hippocampus experienced behavioral assays were explored via the integrative analysis of mRNA and lncRNA transcriptomes generated by RNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that one FST or TST can induce anxiety-related behaviors, while repeated FST or TST resulted in depression-related behaviors in mice. The altered behaviors were associated with extensive transcriptional alterations in the FST and TST hippocampus of mice. KEGG pathway analyses indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the FST and TST hippocampus were enriched in anxiety- and metabolic-related pathways, respectively. Moreover, differentially expressed lncRNAs, showing correlations with DEGs, were linked to anxiety-related pathways in the FST hippocampus and metabolic-related pathways in the TST hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the unique and shared mRNAs and lncRNAs regulated by mood-related behavioral assays, emphasizing the importance of the sequence of and intervals between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiying Xue
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Mei
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zeng Ceng
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Halasz E, Townes-Anderson E, Wang W. LIM kinases in synaptic plasticity and their potential as therapeutic targets. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1471-1472. [PMID: 31997806 PMCID: PMC7059582 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Halasz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ellen Townes-Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Gregoric Kumperscak H, Krgovic D, Drobnic Radobuljac M, Senica N, Zagorac A, Kokalj Vokac N. CNVs and Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Patients With Early-Onset Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Genotype-Phenotype Associations. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:606372. [PMID: 33510659 PMCID: PMC7837028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.606372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and bipolar disorder (EOB) start before the age of 18 years and have a more severe clinical course, a worse prognosis, and a greater genetic loading compared to the late-onset forms. Copy number variations (CNVs) are an important genetic factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze CNVs in patients with EOS and EOB and to establish genotype-phenotype relationships for contiguous gene syndromes or genes affected by identified CNVs. Methods: Molecular karyotyping was performed in 45 patients, 38 with EOS and seven with EOB hospitalized between 2010 and 2017. The exclusion criteria were medical or neurological disorders or IQ under 70. Detected CNVs were analyzed according to the standards and guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics. Result: Molecular karyotyping showed CNVs in four patients with EOS (encompassing the PAK2, ADAMTS3, and ADAMTSL1 genes, and the 16p11.2 microduplication syndrome) and in two patients with EOB (encompassing the ARHGAP11B and PRODH genes). In one patient with EOB, a chromosomal aneuploidy 47, XYY was found. Discussion: Our study is the first study of CNVs in EOS and EOB patients in Slovenia. Our findings support the association of the PAK2, ARHGAP11B, and PRODH genes with schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of a multiplication of the ADAMTSL1 gene and the smallest deletion of the PAK2 gene in a patient with EOS, and one of the few reports of the 47, XYY karyotype in a patient with EOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojka Gregoric Kumperscak
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Danijela Krgovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Drobnic Radobuljac
- Unit for Intensive Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Mental Health, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Senica
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Zagorac
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nadja Kokalj Vokac
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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57
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Duarte K, Heide S, Poëa-Guyon S, Rousseau V, Depienne C, Rastetter A, Nava C, Attié-Bitach T, Razavi F, Martinovic J, Moutard ML, Cherfils J, Mignot C, Héron D, Barnier JV. PAK3 mutations responsible for severe intellectual disability and callosal agenesis inhibit cell migration. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 136:104709. [PMID: 31843706 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) is a brain malformation associated with a wide clinical spectrum including intellectual disability (ID) and an etiopathological complexity. We identified a novel missense G424R mutation in the X-linked p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) gene in a boy presenting with severe ID, microcephaly and CCA and his fetal sibling with CCA and severe hydrocephaly. PAK3 kinase is known to control synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine dynamics but its implication is less characterized in brain ontogenesis. In order to identify developmental functions of PAK3 impacted by mutations responsible for CCA, we compared the biochemical and biological effects of three PAK3 mutations localized in the catalytic domain. These mutations include two "severe" G424R and K389N variants (responsible for severe ID and CCA) and the "mild" A365E variant (responsible for nonsyndromic mild ID). Whereas they suppressed kinase activity, only the two severe variants displayed normal protein stability. Furthermore, they increased interactions between PAK3 and the guanine exchange factor αPIX/ARHGEF6, disturbed adhesion point dynamics and cell spreading, and severely impacted cell migration. Our findings highlight new molecular defects associated with mutations responsible for severe clinical phenotypes with developmental brain defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Duarte
- Department of Cognition and Behavior, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI CNRS, UMR 9197), Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay Universities, Orsay, France.
| | - Solveig Heide
- Department of genetics, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, APHP, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Sandrine Poëa-Guyon
- Department of Cognition and Behavior, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI CNRS, UMR 9197), Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay Universities, Orsay, France.
| | - Véronique Rousseau
- Department of Cognition and Behavior, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI CNRS, UMR 9197), Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay Universities, Orsay, France.
| | - Christel Depienne
- Department of genetics, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, APHP, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Agnès Rastetter
- Department of genetics, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, APHP, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of genetics, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, APHP, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Service of Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, APHP Necker Enfants Malades & Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, Paris, France.
| | - Ferechté Razavi
- Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Service of Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, APHP Necker Enfants Malades & Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Laure Moutard
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes APHP, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Jacqueline Cherfils
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS and Ecole normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France.
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of genetics, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, APHP, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Delphine Héron
- Department of genetics, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, APHP, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Department of Cognition and Behavior, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI CNRS, UMR 9197), Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay Universities, Orsay, France.
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Miao Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Li X, Song W, Sun ZS, Wang Y. Presence of the pregnant partner regulates microRNA-30a and BDNF levels and protects male mice from social defeat-induced abnormal behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2019; 159:107589. [PMID: 30946846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consolation behavior within close social bonds can alleviate the negative effects of stressful events on individuals. Due to the lack of animal models, however, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly explored. Moreover, most social support effects are exerted through grooming or consolation behavior from close social bonds, whether pure companionship without physical interaction exert effects still remains unknown. Here, we report that among the most widely used laboratory mouse, social avoidance and anxiety-related behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) were alleviated by the presence of their pregnant partner without body contact during the stress process, whereas non-pregnant females did not afford similar protective effect to the male partner. The levels of BDNF, together with its primary transcripts, were down-regulated in the hippocampus of male mice with CSDS and these decreases were ameliorated by the presence of their pregnant partners. Furthermore, miR-30a negatively regulated BDNF expression and the regulation of miR-30a was implicated in the supporting effect on the male mice experiencing CSDS. The identification of psychological protective effects in a primary model organism and its underlying mechanism would promote our understanding how people cope with stress-induced psychiatric disorders independent of anti-depressant drugs and facilitate investigation of the molecular mechanisms of enduring social bonds in humans. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The neuropharmacology of social behavior: from bench to bedside'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Miao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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59
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Bagni C, Zukin RS. A Synaptic Perspective of Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Neuron 2019; 101:1070-1088. [PMID: 30897358 PMCID: PMC9628679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Altered synaptic structure and function is a major hallmark of fragile X syndrome (FXS), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and other intellectual disabilities (IDs), which are therefore classified as synaptopathies. FXS and ASDs, while clinically and genetically distinct, share significant comorbidity, suggesting that there may be a common molecular and/or cellular basis, presumably at the synapse. In this article, we review brain architecture and synaptic pathways that are dysregulated in FXS and ASDs, including spine architecture, signaling in synaptic plasticity, local protein synthesis, (m)RNA modifications, and degradation. mRNA repression is a powerful mechanism for the regulation of synaptic structure and efficacy. We infer that there is no single pathway that explains most of the etiology and discuss new findings and the implications for future work directed at improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of FXS and related ASDs and the design of therapeutic strategies to ameliorate these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - R Suzanne Zukin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
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Zhang H, Xiang B, Chen H, Chen X, Cai T. A novel deletion mutation in KMT2A identified in a child with ID/DD and blood eosinophilia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:38. [PMID: 30841869 PMCID: PMC6402113 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The KMT2A gene encoded lysine methyltransferase plays an essential role in regulating gene expression during early development and hematopoiesis. To date, 92 different mutations of KMT2A have been curated in the human gene mutation database (HGMD), resulting in Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) and intellectual disability (ID)/developmental delay (DD). Case presentation In this report, we present a de novo heterozygous deletion mutation [c.74delG; p. (Gly26Alafs*2)] in the KMT2A gene, which was identified by trio-based whole exome sequencing from a 5.5-year-old boy with ID/DD, stereotypic hand movements and blood eosinophilia. Many deleterious germline mutations of KMT2A have been documented to affect development of central nervous system, oral and craniofacial tissues, but not blood eosinophils. Conclusions This is the first report of a rare case with ID/DD as well as eosinophilia, resulting from a previously undescribed null mutation of KMT2A. Our findings expand the phenotypical spectrum in affected individuals with KMT2A mutations, and may shed some insight into the role of KMT2A in eosinophil metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0776-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410002, Hunan, China.,Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bingwu Xiang
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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