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WEE1 inhibition reverses trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive cancers. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1003-1020. [PMID: 33723720 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, many efforts have been made to understand the resistance mechanism of trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast and gastric cancer. However, there is still a huge unmet medical need for patients with trastuzumab resistance. METHODS In our study, we generated four trastuzumab-resistant (HR) cancer cell lines from ERBB2-amplified gastric and biliary tract cancer cell lines (SNU-216, NCI-N87, SNU-2670, and SNU-2773). RESULTS Here, we found higher PD-L1 expression in trastuzumab-resistant (HR) HER2-positive cancer cells than in parental cells, and blocking PD-L1 reversed the resistance to trastuzumab in HR cells. Trastuzumab upregulated PD-L1 expression via NF-κB activation in both parental and HR cells, however, led to DNA damage only in parental cells. The WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib, which downregulates PD-L1 expression, enhanced trastuzumab efficacy by blocking BRCA1-CMTM6-PD-L1 signals and the HER2-CDCP-1-SRC axis. Additionally, the levels of galectin-9, CD163, FoxP3, and CTLA-4 were diminished by blocking WEE1 in the presence of human PBMCs in vitro. CONCLUSION Taken together, the strategy of co-targeting HER2 and WEE1 could overcome resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive cancers, supporting further clinical development in HER2-positive cancer patients.
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52
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CD276 is an important player in macrophage recruitment into the tumor and an upstream regulator for PAI-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14849. [PMID: 34290311 PMCID: PMC8295264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 70% of colorectal, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic and breast cancer specimens show expression of CD276 (B7–H3), a potential immune checkpoint family member. Several studies have shown that high CD276 expression in cancer cells correlates with a poor clinical prognosis. This has been associated with the presence of lower tumor infiltrating leukocytes. Among those, tumor-associated macrophages can comprise up to 50% of the tumor mass and are thought to support tumor growth through various mechanisms. However, a lack of information on CD276 function and interaction partner(s) impedes rigorous evaluation of CD276 as a therapeutic target in oncology. Therefore, we aimed to understand the relevance of CD276 in tumor-macrophage interaction by employing a 3D spheroid coculture system with human cells. Our data show a role for tumor-expressed CD276 on the macrophage recruitment into the tumor spheroid, and also in regulation of the extracellular matrix modulator PAI-1. Furthermore, our experiments focusing on macrophage-expressed CD276 suggest that the antibody-dependent CD276 engagement triggers predominantly inhibitory signaling networks in human macrophages.
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53
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Chen S, Morine Y, Tokuda K, Yamada S, Saito Y, Nishi M, Ikemoto T, Shimada M. Cancer‑associated fibroblast‑induced M2‑polarized macrophages promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression via the plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 pathway. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:59. [PMID: 34195849 PMCID: PMC8253588 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the tumor stroma is an important strategy in cancer treatment. Cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) are two main components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which can promote tumor progression. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 (PAI‑1) upregulation in HCC is predictive of unfavorable tumor behavior and prognosis. However, the crosstalk between cancer cells, TAMs and CAFs, and the functions of PAI‑1 in HCC remain to be fully investigated. In the present study, macrophage polarization and key paracrine factors were assessed during their interactions with CAFs and cancer cells. Cell proliferation, wound healing and Transwell and Matrigel assays were used to investigate the malignant behavior of HCC cells in vitro. It was found that cancer cells and CAFs induced the M2 polarization of TAMs by upregulating the mRNA expression levels of CD163 and CD206, and downregulating IL‑6 mRNA expression and secretion in the macrophages. Both TAMs derived from cancer cells and CAFs promoted HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, PAI‑1 expression was upregulated in TAMs after being stimulated with CAF‑conditioned medium and promoted the malignant behavior of the HCC cells by mediating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. CAFs were the main producer of C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in the TME and CXCL12 contributed to the induction of PAI‑1 secretion in TAMs. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that CAFs promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages and induced PAI‑1 secretion via CXCL12. Furthermore, it was found that PAI‑1 produced by the TAMs enhanced the malignant behavior of the HCC cells. Therefore, these factors may be targets for inhibiting the crosstalk between tumor cells, CAFs and TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Chen
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tokuda
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
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54
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Connolly NP, Galisteo R, Xu S, Bar EE, Peng S, Tran NL, Ames HM, Kim AJ, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA. Elevated fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 expression transforms proneural-like gliomas into more aggressive and lethal brain cancer. Glia 2021; 69:2199-2214. [PMID: 33991013 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive, treatment-resistant, and often fatal human brain cancers. The TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) signaling axis is involved in tissue repair after injury and constitutive signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous solid cancers. The Fn14 gene is expressed at low levels in the normal, uninjured brain but is highly expressed in primary isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type and recurrent HGGs. Fn14 signaling is implicated in numerous aspects of glioma biology including brain invasion and chemotherapy resistance, but whether Fn14 overexpression can directly promote tumor malignancy has not been reported. Here, we used the replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus/tumor virus A system to examine the impact of Fn14 expression on glioma development and pathobiology. We found that the sole addition of Fn14 to an established oncogenic cocktail previously shown to generate proneural-like gliomas led to the development of highly invasive and lethal brain cancer with striking biological features including extensive pseudopalisading necrosis, constitutive canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathway signaling, and high plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression. Analyses of HGG patient datasets revealed that high human PAI-1 gene (SERPINE1) expression correlates with shorter patient survival, and that the SERPINE1 and Fn14 (TNFRSF12A) genes are frequently co-expressed in bulk tumor tissues, in tumor subregions, and in malignant cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. These findings provide new insights into the potential importance of Fn14 in human HGG pathobiology and designate both the NF-κB signaling node and PAI-1 as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. MAIN POINTS: This work demonstrates that elevated levels of the TWEAK receptor Fn14 in tumor-initiating, neural progenitor cells leads to the transformation of proneural-like gliomas into more aggressive and lethal tumors that exhibit constitutive NF-κB pathway activation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebeca Galisteo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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55
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Tseng YJ, Lee CH, Chen WY, Yang JL, Tzeng HT. Inhibition of PAI-1 Blocks PD-L1 Endocytosis and Improves the Response of Melanoma Cells to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2690-2698.e6. [PMID: 34000287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules, especially PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, act as a major mechanism of cancer immune evasion. Although anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy increases therapeutic efficacy in melanoma treatment, only a subset of patients exhibits long-term tumor remission, and the underlying mechanism of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that cell surface retention of PD-L1 is inversely correlated with PAI-1 expression in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical specimens. Moreover, extracellular PAI-1 induced the internalization of surface-expressed PD-L1 by triggering clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The endocytosed PD-L1 was transported to lysosomes for degradation by endolysosomal systems, resulting in the reduction of surface PD-L1. Notably, inhibition of PAI-1 by pharmacological inhibitor with tiplaxtinin led to elevated PD-L1 expression on the plasma membrane, both in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, targeting PAI-1 by tiplaxtinin treatment synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy in a syngeneic murine model of melanoma. Our findings demonstrate a role for PAI-1 activity in immune checkpoint modulation by promoting surface PD-L1 for lysosomal degradation and provides an insight into the combination of PAI-1 inhibition and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy as a promising therapeutic regimen for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Tzeng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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56
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Shi M, Sekulovski N, Whorton AE, MacLean JA, Greaves E, Hayashi K. Efficacy of niclosamide on the intra-abdominal inflammatory environment in endometriosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21584. [PMID: 33860549 PMCID: PMC10777336 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002541rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, a common gynecological disease, causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women of reproductive age. Due to the limited efficacy of current therapies, a critical need exists to develop new treatments for endometriosis. Inflammatory dysfunction, instigated by abnormal macrophage (MΦ) function, contributes to disease development and progression. However, the fundamental role of the heterogeneous population of peritoneal MΦ and their potential druggable functions is uncertain. Here we report that GATA6-expressing large peritoneal MΦ (LPM) were increased in the peritoneal cavity following lesion induction. This was associated with increased cytokine and chemokine secretion in the peritoneal fluid (PF), as well as MΦ infiltration, vascularization and innervation in endometriosis-like lesions (ELL). Niclosamide, an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, was effective in reducing LPM number, but not small peritoneal MΦ (SPM), in the PF. Niclosamide also inhibits aberrant inflammation in the PF, ELL, pelvic organs (uterus and vagina) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), as well as MΦ infiltration, vascularization and innervation in the ELL. PF from ELL mice stimulated DRG outgrowth in vitro, whereas the PF from niclosamide-treated ELL mice lacked the strong stimulatory nerve growth response. These results suggest LPM induce aberrant inflammation in endometriosis promoting lesion progression and establishment of the inflammatory environment that sensitizes peripheral nociceptors in the lesions and other pelvic organs, leading to increased hyperalgesia. Our findings provide the rationale for targeting LPM and their functions with niclosamide and its efficacy in endometriosis as a new non-hormonal therapy to reduce aberrant inflammation which may ultimately diminish associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nikola Sekulovski
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Allison E. Whorton
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - James A. MacLean
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Erin Greaves
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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57
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Wang LB, Karpova A, Gritsenko MA, Kyle JE, Cao S, Li Y, Rykunov D, Colaprico A, Rothstein JH, Hong R, Stathias V, Cornwell M, Petralia F, Wu Y, Reva B, Krug K, Pugliese P, Kawaler E, Olsen LK, Liang WW, Song X, Dou Y, Wendl MC, Caravan W, Liu W, Cui Zhou D, Ji J, Tsai CF, Petyuk VA, Moon J, Ma W, Chu RK, Weitz KK, Moore RJ, Monroe ME, Zhao R, Yang X, Yoo S, Krek A, Demopoulos A, Zhu H, Wyczalkowski MA, McMichael JF, Henderson BL, Lindgren CM, Boekweg H, Lu S, Baral J, Yao L, Stratton KG, Bramer LM, Zink E, Couvillion SP, Bloodsworth KJ, Satpathy S, Sieh W, Boca SM, Schürer S, Chen F, Wiznerowicz M, Ketchum KA, Boja ES, Kinsinger CR, Robles AI, Hiltke T, Thiagarajan M, Nesvizhskii AI, Zhang B, Mani DR, Ceccarelli M, Chen XS, Cottingham SL, Li QK, Kim AH, Fenyö D, Ruggles KV, Rodriguez H, Mesri M, Payne SH, Resnick AC, Wang P, Smith RD, Iavarone A, Chheda MG, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Rodland KD, Liu T, Ding L. Proteogenomic and metabolomic characterization of human glioblastoma. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:509-528.e20. [PMID: 33577785 PMCID: PMC8044053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive nervous system cancer. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Integrated analysis of genomic, proteomic, post-translational modification and metabolomic data on 99 treatment-naive GBMs provides insights to GBM biology. We identify key phosphorylation events (e.g., phosphorylated PTPN11 and PLCG1) as potential switches mediating oncogenic pathway activation, as well as potential targets for EGFR-, TP53-, and RB1-altered tumors. Immune subtypes with distinct immune cell types are discovered using bulk omics methodologies, validated by snRNA-seq, and correlated with specific expression and histone acetylation patterns. Histone H2B acetylation in classical-like and immune-low GBM is driven largely by BRDs, CREBBP, and EP300. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic data identify specific lipid distributions across subtypes and distinct global metabolic changes in IDH-mutated tumors. This work highlights biological relationships that could contribute to stratification of GBM patients for more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alla Karpova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Dmitry Rykunov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vasileios Stathias
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pietro Pugliese
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Emily Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lindsey K Olsen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wagma Caravan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jamie Moon
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexis Demopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health System, Lake Success, NY 11042 USA
| | - Houxiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joshua F McMichael
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Caleb M Lindgren
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Hannah Boekweg
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Shuangjia Lu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jessika Baral
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Erika Zink
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sneha P Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simina M Boca
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Institute for Data Science & Computing, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60-203 Poznań, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80128, Naples, Italy; BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Xi S Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sandra L Cottingham
- Department of Pathology, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Research and Education, University Hospitals Health System, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97221, USA.
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Plasmin and Plasminogen System in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081838. [PMID: 33921488 PMCID: PMC8070608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we present a detailed discussion of how the plasminogen-activation system is utilized by tumor cells in their unrelenting attack on the tissues surrounding them. Plasmin is an enzyme which is responsible for digesting several proteins that hold the tissues surrounding solid tumors together. In this process tumor cells utilize the activity of plasmin to digest tissue barriers in order to leave the tumour site and spread to other parts of the body. We specifically focus on the role of plasminogen receptor—p11 which is an important regulatory protein that facilitates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and by this means promotes the attack by the tumour cells on their surrounding tissues. Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is now being widely accepted as the key contributor to a range of processes involved in cancer progression from tumor growth to metastasis and chemoresistance. The extracellular matrix (ECM) and the proteases that mediate the remodeling of the ECM form an integral part of the TME. Plasmin is a broad-spectrum, highly potent, serine protease whose activation from its precursor plasminogen is tightly regulated by the activators (uPA, uPAR, and tPA), the inhibitors (PAI-1, PAI-2), and plasminogen receptors. Collectively, this system is called the plasminogen activation system. The expression of the components of the plasminogen activation system by malignant cells and the surrounding stromal cells modulates the TME resulting in sustained cancer progression signals. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the roles of plasminogen activation system in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance with specific emphasis on their role in the TME. We particularly review the recent highlights of the plasminogen receptor S100A10 (p11), which is a pivotal component of the plasminogen activation system.
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Endothelial-specific overexpression of cationic amino acid transporter-1 prevents loss of kidney function in heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2755-2769. [PMID: 33034619 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with impaired L-arginine transport. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that augmented L-arginine transport prevents the loss of kidney function in HF. Renal function was assessed in wildtype mice (WT), transgenic mice with HF (dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM) and double transgenic mice (double transgenic mice with DCM and CAT-1 overexpression, HFCAT-1) with HF and endothelial-specific overexpression of the predominant L-arginine transporter, cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) (n=4-8/group). Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography and left ventricular catheterisation. Renal function was assessed via quantification of albuminuria and creatinine clearance. Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels together with renal fibrosis and inflammatory markers were also quantified at study end. Albumin/creatinine ratio was two-fold greater in DCM mice than in WT mice (P=0.002), and tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis were approximately eight- and three-fold greater, respectively, in DCM mice than in WT mice (P≤0.02). Critically, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis were less in HFCAT-1 mice than in DCM mice (P<0.05). Renal CAT-1 expression and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels were less in DCM mice compared with WT (P≤0.03) but was greater in HFCAT-1 mice than in DCM mice (P≤0.009). Renal expression of IL-10 was less in DCM mice compared with WT (P<0.001) but was greater in HFCAT-1 mice compared with DCM mice (P=0.02). Our data provide direct evidence that augmented L-arginine transport prevents renal fibrosis, inflammation and loss of kidney function in HF.
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Piperigkou Z, Kyriakopoulou K, Koutsakis C, Mastronikolis S, Karamanos NK. Key Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: Functions and Targeting in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33809973 PMCID: PMC8005147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue functionality and integrity demand continuous changes in distribution of major components in the extracellular matrices (ECMs) under normal conditions aiming tissue homeostasis. Major matrix degrading proteolytic enzymes are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), plasminogen activators, atypical proteases such as intracellular cathepsins and glycolytic enzymes including heparanase and hyaluronidases. Matrix proteases evoke epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and regulate ECM turnover under normal procedures as well as cancer cell phenotype, motility, invasion, autophagy, angiogenesis and exosome formation through vital signaling cascades. ECM remodeling is also achieved by glycolytic enzymes that are essential for cancer cell survival, proliferation and tumor progression. In this article, the types of major matrix remodeling enzymes, their effects in cancer initiation, propagation and progression as well as their pharmacological targeting and ongoing clinical trials are presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kyriakopoulou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Christos Koutsakis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
| | | | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 265 04 Patras, Greece
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Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Secretion by Autophagy Contributes to Melanoma Resistance to Chemotherapy through Tumor Microenvironment Modulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061253. [PMID: 33809137 PMCID: PMC7999393 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dysregulation of tumor autophagy is implicated in cancer progression and chemotherapeutic response. It is unclear how tumor autophagy modulates tumor microenvironment and thereby contributes to chemoresistance. In this study, we found that autophagy-dependent plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 secretion contributed to melanoma resistance to mitoxantrone (MitoX), a chemotherapeutic agent clinically used for treating various types of cancers (but not melanoma), by shaping a pro-tumoral microenvironment. Disruption of autophagy activity or targeting PAI-1 pharmacologically reshaped a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment and enhanced the susceptibility of melanoma to MitoX in vivo. Overall, the results show that targeting autophagy/PAI-1 axis can serve as a novel strategy to repurpose MitoX-based chemotherapy. Abstract Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis via intracellular signaling pathways, lysosomal degradation of selective cargo and mediating protein secretion. Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to therapy. However, the mechanism of autophagy-dependent secretion involved in the responsiveness to chemotherapy is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that mitoxantrone (MitoX), a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating various cancers but not melanoma, induced autophagy in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We also found that plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 secretion by MitoX-induced autophagy modulated the pro-tumoral microenvironment. Attenuation of PAI-1 activity using a specific inhibitor, tiplaxtinin (TPX), or by targeting the autophagy gene, Becn1, induced efficient antitumor immunity, thereby overcoming the resistance to MitoX in vivo. Of note, the therapeutic efficacy of TPX was abolished in MitoX-treated Becn1-defective tumors. Collectively, our results demonstrate that tumor autophagy-dependent PAI-1 secretion impairs the therapeutic efficacy of MitoX and highlight targeting of tumor autophagy or its secretory cargo, PAI-1, as a novel strategy to repurpose MitoX-based chemotherapy for melanoma treatment.
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Sakamoto H, Koma YI, Higashino N, Kodama T, Tanigawa K, Shimizu M, Fujikawa M, Nishio M, Shigeoka M, Kakeji Y, Yokozaki H. PAI-1 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma promotes the invasion of cancer cells and the migration of macrophages. J Transl Med 2021; 101:353-368. [PMID: 33311557 PMCID: PMC7892342 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the progression of various cancers. Previously, we reported the significance of CAFs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the functions of CAFs in the ESCC microenvironment remain unknown. To investigate CAFs' function, we established an indirect coculture assay between human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and ESCC cells. Cocultured MSCs expressed more fibroblast activation protein, one of the markers of CAFs, compared with monocultured MSCs. Therefore, we defined cocultured MSCs as CAF-like cells. To identify molecules associated with the ESCC progression in CAFs, we conducted a cDNA microarray analysis on monocultured MSCs and CAF-like cells to compare their gene expression profiles. We found that SERPINE1, which encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), was more abundant in CAF-like cells than in monocultured MSCs, and the PAI-1 derived from CAF-like cells induced the abilities of migration and invasion in both ESCC cells and macrophages by the Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which is a PAI-1 receptor. Based on immunohistochemistry assays of ESCC tissues, higher expression levels of PAI-1 and LRP1 were correlated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. These results suggest that the PAI-1/LRP1 axis contributes to the progression of ESCC, making it a potential target for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sakamoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Nobuhide Higashino
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kohei Tanigawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masataka Fujikawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Heissig B, Salama Y, Osada T, Okumura K, Hattori K. The Multifaceted Role of Plasminogen in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052304. [PMID: 33669052 PMCID: PMC7956603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolytic factors like plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) dissolve clots. Though mere extracellular-matrix-degrading enzymes, fibrinolytic factors interfere with many processes during primary cancer growth and metastasis. Their many receptors give them access to cellular functions that tumor cells have widely exploited to promote tumor cell survival, growth, and metastatic abilities. They give cancer cells tools to ensure their own survival by interfering with the signaling pathways involved in senescence, anoikis, and autophagy. They can also directly promote primary tumor growth and metastasis, and endow tumor cells with mechanisms to evade myelosuppression, thus acquiring drug resistance. In this review, recent studies on the role fibrinolytic factors play in metastasis and controlling cell-death-associated processes are presented, along with studies that describe how cancer cells have exploited plasminogen receptors to escape myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Heissig
- Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111
| | - Yousef Salama
- An-Najah Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine;
| | - Taro Osada
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Ko Okumura
- Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genomic & Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
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Suarez-Lopez L, Kong YW, Sriram G, Patterson JC, Rosenberg S, Morandell S, Haigis KM, Yaffe MB. MAPKAP Kinase-2 Drives Expression of Angiogenic Factors by Tumor-Associated Macrophages in a Model of Inflammation-Induced Colon Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607891. [PMID: 33708191 PMCID: PMC7940202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation increases the risk for colorectal cancer through a variety of mechanisms involving the tumor microenvironment. MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), a major effector of the p38 MAPK stress and DNA damage response signaling pathway, and a critical regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, has been identified as a key contributor to colon tumorigenesis under conditions of chronic inflammation. We have previously described how genetic inactivation of MK2 in an inflammatory model of colon cancer results in delayed tumor progression, decreased tumor angiogenesis, and impaired macrophage differentiation into a pro-tumorigenic M2-like state. The molecular mechanism responsible for the impaired angiogenesis and tumor progression, however, has remained contentious and poorly defined. Here, using RNA expression analysis, assays of angiogenesis factors, genetic models, in vivo macrophage depletion and reconstitution of macrophage MK2 function using adoptive cell transfer, we demonstrate that MK2 activity in macrophages is necessary and sufficient for tumor angiogenesis during inflammation-induced cancer progression. We identify a critical and previously unappreciated role for MK2-dependent regulation of the well-known pro-angiogenesis factor CXCL-12/SDF-1 secreted by tumor associated-macrophages, in addition to MK2-dependent regulation of Serpin-E1/PAI-1 by several cell types within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Suarez-Lopez
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ganapathy Sriram
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jesse C. Patterson
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Samantha Rosenberg
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sandra Morandell
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Haigis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research and Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Kwak SY, Park S, Kim H, Lee SJ, Jang WS, Kim MJ, Lee S, Jang WI, Kim AR, Kim EH, Shim S, Jang H. Atorvastatin Inhibits Endothelial PAI-1-Mediated Monocyte Migration and Alleviates Radiation-Induced Enteropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041828. [PMID: 33673196 PMCID: PMC7917640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal injury is observed in cancer patients after radiotherapy and in individuals exposed to radiation after a nuclear accident. Radiation disrupts normal vascular homeostasis in the gastrointestinal system by inducing endothelial damage and senescence. Despite advances in medical technology, the toxicity of radiation to healthy tissue remains an issue. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of atorvastatin, a commonly prescribed hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, on radiation-induced enteropathy and inflammatory responses. We selected atorvastatin based on its pleiotropic anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that atorvastatin mitigated radiation-induced endothelial damage by regulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse model. PAI-1 secreted by HUVECs contributed to endothelial dysfunction and trans-endothelial monocyte migration after radiation exposure. We observed that PAI-1 production and secretion was inhibited by atorvastatin in irradiated HUVECs and radiation-induced enteropathy mouse model. More specifically, atorvastatin inhibited PAI-1 production following radiation through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggest that atorvastatin alleviates radiation-induced enteropathy and supports the investigation of atorvastatin as a radio-mitigator in patients receiving radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sehwan Shim
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-970-1302 (H.J.)
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-970-1302 (H.J.)
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 reduces cardiac fibrosis and promotes M2 macrophage polarization in inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:1. [PMID: 33432417 PMCID: PMC7801308 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has a cardioprotective function in mice by repressing cardiac fibrosis through TGF-β and plasminogen-mediated pathways. In addition it is known to be involved in the recruitment and polarization of monocytes/macrophages towards a M2 phenotype in cancer. Here, we investigated the expression of PAI-1 in human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) and its effect on cardiac fibrosis and macrophage polarization. We retrospectively analyzed endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of patients with DCM or DCMi for PAI-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, EMBs were evaluated for the content of fibrotic tissue, number of activated myofibroblasts, TGF-β expression, as well as for M1 and M2 macrophages. Patients with high-grade DCMi (DCMi-high, CD3+ lymphocytes > 30 cells/mm2) had significantly increased PAI-1 levels compared to DCM and low-grade DCMi patients (DCMi-low, CD3+ lymphocytes = 14-30 cells/mm2) (15.5 ± 0.4% vs. 1.0 ± 0.1% and 4.0 ± 0.1%, p ≤ 0.001). Elevated PAI-1 expression in DCMi-high subjects was associated with a diminished degree of cardiac fibrosis, decreased levels of TGF-β and reduced number of myofibroblasts. In addition, DCMi-high patients revealed an increased proportion of non-classical M2 macrophages towards classical M1 macrophages, indicating M2 macrophage-favoring properties of PAI-1 in inflammatory cardiomyopathies. Our findings give evidence that elevated expression of cardiac PAI-1 in subjects with high-grade DCMi suppresses fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β and myofibroblast activation. Moreover, our data indicate that PAI-1 is involved in the polarization of M2 macrophages in the heart. Thus, PAI-1 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and as a possible therapeutic target in inflammatory cardiomyopathies.
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Jin Y, Liang ZY, Zhou WX, Zhou L. Expression, clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2020; 27:285-293. [PMID: 31640087 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thus far, biological roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. Moreover, its expression, clinicopathologic and prognostic significance in HCC have not been comprehensively investigated, therefore needing further evidence. METHODS PAI1 expression was measured, using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining, in matched HCC and adjacent liver samples from 178 patients with HCC after curative resection. The correlations of PAI1 H-scores with clinicopathologic variables and survival were further evaluated. Its prognostic value was finally confirmed in some public databases. RESULTS It was found that PAI1 expression was significantly higher in HCC than in adjacent liver tissues. Moreover, high PAI1 expression was more frequent in those with multiple lesions. Univariate analyses showed that PAI1 expression was negatively associated with both overall and relapse-free survival. Although PAI1 expression was not statistically significant in multivariate Cox regression test, combination of it with TNM stage effectively distinguished survival and relapse, and served as an independent prognostic factor. In the online available datasets of HCC and liver cancer used, SERPINE1, the gene encoding PAI1, was also revealed to be prognostic. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that high PAI1 expression was predictive for unfavorable biological behavior and long-term prognosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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68
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Marquard S, Thomann S, Weiler SME, Bissinger M, Lutz T, Sticht C, Tóth M, de la Torre C, Gretz N, Straub BK, Marquardt J, Schirmacher P, Breuhahn K. Yes-associated protein (YAP) induces a secretome phenotype and transcriptionally regulates plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in hepatocarcinogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:166. [PMID: 33097058 PMCID: PMC7583285 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression and nuclear enrichment of the oncogene yes-associated protein (YAP) cause tumor initiation and support tumor progression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via cell autonomous mechanisms. However, how YAP expression in tumor cells affects intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment is not well understood. Methods To investigate how tumor cell-derived YAP is changing the paracrine communication network between tumor cells and non-neoplastic cells in hepatocarcinogenesis, the expression and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and chemokines were analyzed in transgenic mice with liver-specific and inducible expression of constitutively active YAP (YAPS127A). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed using primary isolated hepatocytes and blood plasma. In vitro, RNAinterference (RNAi), expression profiling, functional analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses of YAP and the transcription factor TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) were performed using immortalized cell lines. Findings were confirmed in cohorts of HCC patients at the transcript and protein levels. Results YAP overexpression induced the expression and secretion of many paracrine-acting factors with potential impact on tumorous or non-neoplastic cells (e.g. plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), CXCL16). Expression analyses of human HCC patients showed an overexpression of PAI-1 in human HCC tissues and a correlation with poor overall survival as well as early cancer recurrence. PAI-1 statistically correlated with genes typically induced by YAP, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) or YAP-dependent gene signatures (CIN4/25). In vitro, YAP inhibition diminished the expression and secretion of PAI-1 in murine and human liver cancer cell lines. PAI-1 affected the expression of genes involved in cellular senescence and oncogene-induced senescence was confirmed in YAPS127A transgenic mice. Silencing of TEAD4 as well as treatment with the YAP/TEAD interfering substance Verteporfin reduced PAI-1 expression. ChIP analyses confirmed the binding of YAP and TEAD4 to the gene promoter of PAI-1 (SERPINE1). Conclusions These results demonstrate that the oncogene YAP changes the secretome response of hepatocytes and hepatocyte-derived tumor cells. In this context, the secreted protein PAI-1 is transcriptionally regulated by YAP in hepatocarcinogenesis. Perturbation of these YAP-dependent communication hubs including PAI-1 may represent a promising pharmacological approach in tumors with YAP overexpression. Video abstract
Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12964-020-00634-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marquard
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Thomann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia M E Weiler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Bissinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Present address: Department of Medicine II, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcell Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Present address: Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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69
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A pan-cancer analysis of the human tumor coagulome and its link to the tumor immune microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:923-933. [PMID: 33057845 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Solid tumors often establish a procoagulable state that can lead to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although some of the key genes involved in this process are known, no previous study has compared the "coagulome", i.e., the expression of coagulation/fibrinolysis genes, across different primary tumor types. It is also unclear whether the coagulome is associated with specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We aimed to address this question. METHODS We analyzed the expression of the genes F3, PLAU, PLAT, PLAUR, SERPINB2, and SERPINE1 in 32 cancer types using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other freely available resources. RESULTS We identified specific expression patterns of procoagulant and fibrinolytic genes. The expression of the Tissue Factor (F3) was found to be tumor type dependent, with the highest expression in glioblastoma (GBM), a highly procoagulable tumor type. Conversely, high expression of the fibrinolysis gene cluster PLAU, PLAUR, SERPINE1 was consistently linked to the characteristics of the TME (monocytic infiltration) and high expression of important checkpoints of the immune response, such as PD-L2 and CD276/B7-H3. CONCLUSION These tumor-specific patterns of expression might partially explain the differences in VTE risk among tumor types. We propose that biomarkers of coagulation fibrinolysis might provide valuable information about the TME in cancer patients.
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70
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Matsuyama T, Kubli SP, Yoshinaga SK, Pfeffer K, Mak TW. An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020. [PMID: 33037393 DOI: 10.1038/s41418‐020‐00633‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shawn P Kubli
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong.
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71
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An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3209-3225. [PMID: 33037393 PMCID: PMC7545020 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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72
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Rossi Sebastiano M, Pozzato C, Saliakoura M, Yang Z, Peng RW, Galiè M, Oberson K, Simon HU, Karamitopoulou E, Konstantinidou G. ACSL3-PAI-1 signaling axis mediates tumor-stroma cross-talk promoting pancreatic cancer progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabb9200. [PMID: 33127675 PMCID: PMC7608806 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by marked fibrosis and low immunogenicity, features that are linked to treatment resistance and poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, understanding how PDAC regulates the desmoplastic and immune stromal components is of great clinical importance. We found that acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain 3 (ACSL3) is up-regulated in PDAC and correlates with increased fibrosis. Our in vivo results show that Acsl3 knockout hinders PDAC progression, markedly reduces tumor fibrosis and tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells, and increases cytotoxic T cell infiltration. This effect is, at least in part, due to decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) secretion from tumor cells. Accordingly, PAI-1 expression in PDAC positively correlates with markers of fibrosis and immunosuppression and predicts poor patient survival. We found that PAI-1 pharmacological inhibition strongly enhances chemo- and immunotherapeutic response against PDAC, increasing survival of mice. Thus, our results unveil ACSL3-PAI-1 signaling as a requirement for PDAC progression with druggable attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Pozzato
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Saliakoura
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Galiè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Kevin Oberson
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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73
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An individualized immune signature of pretreatment biopsies predicts pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:182. [PMID: 32883946 PMCID: PMC7471268 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
No clinically available biomarkers can predict pathological complete response (pCR) for esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Considering that antitumor immunity status is an important determinant for nCRT, we performed an integrative analysis of immune-related gene profiles from pretreatment biopsies and constructed the first individualized immune signature for pCR and outcome prediction of ESCCs through a multicenter analysis. During the discovery phase, 14 differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIGs) with greater than a twofold change between pCRs and less than pCRs (<pCRs) were revealed from 28 pretreatment tumors in a Guangzhou cohort using microarray data. Ten DEIGs were verified by qPCR from 30 cases in a Beijing discovery cohort. Then, a four-gene-based immune signature (SERPINE1, MMP12, PLAUR, and EPS8) was built based on the verified DEIGs from 71 cases in a Beijing training cohort, and achieved a high accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.970. The signature was further validated in an internal validation cohort and an integrated external cohort (Zhengzhou and Anyang cohorts) with AUCs of 0.890 and 0.859, respectively. Importantly, a multivariate analysis showed that the signature was the only independent predictor for pCR. In addition, patients with high predictive scores showed significantly longer overall and relapse-free survival across multiple centers (P < 0.05). This is the first, validated, and clinically applicable individualized immune signature of pCR and outcome prediction for ESCCs with nCRT. Further prospective validation may facilitate the combination of nCRT and immunotherapy.
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74
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Schisandra Inhibit Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats via Suppressing M2 Macrophage Polarization. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5137349. [PMID: 32884941 PMCID: PMC7455820 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5137349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause and limited to the lungs. Schisandrae chinensis fructus (Wuweizi, Schisandra) is commonly used traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis, and other lung diseases in China. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of Schisandra on IPF which is induced by bleomycin (BLM) in rats and the inhibition of alternatively activated macrophage (M2) polarization. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was used as a model for IPF, and rats were given drug interventions for 7 and 28 days to evaluate the role of Schisandra in the early oxidative phase and late fibrotic phases of BLM-induced pulmonary injury. The data showed that Schisandra exerted protective effects on BLM-induced pulmonary injury in two phases, which were improving inflammatory cell infiltration and severe damages of lung architectures and decreasing markers of M2 subtype. In order to prove the inhibitory effect of Schisandra on M2 polarization, in vitro experiments, we found that Schisandra downregulated the M2 ratio, which confirmed that the polarization of M2 was suppressed. Moreover, Schisandra blocked TGF-β1 signaling in AMs by reducing the levels of Smad3 and Smad4; meanwhile, the upregulation of Smad7 by Schisandra also promoted the effect of inhibition on the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. These results demonstrate that suppression of M2 polarization by Schisandra is associated with the development of IPF in rats.
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75
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Therapy-Induced Evolution of Human Lung Cancer Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell 2020; 182:1232-1251.e22. [PMID: 32822576 PMCID: PMC7484178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality, exhibits heterogeneity that enables adaptability, limits therapeutic success, and remains incompletely understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of metastatic lung cancer was performed using 49 clinical biopsies obtained from 30 patients before and during targeted therapy. Over 20,000 cancer and tumor microenvironment (TME) single-cell profiles exposed a rich and dynamic tumor ecosystem. scRNA-seq of cancer cells illuminated targetable oncogenes beyond those detected clinically. Cancer cells surviving therapy as residual disease (RD) expressed an alveolar-regenerative cell signature suggesting a therapy-induced primitive cell-state transition, whereas those present at on-therapy progressive disease (PD) upregulated kynurenine, plasminogen, and gap-junction pathways. Active T-lymphocytes and decreased macrophages were present at RD and immunosuppressive cell states characterized PD. Biological features revealed by scRNA-seq were biomarkers of clinical outcomes in independent cohorts. This study highlights how therapy-induced adaptation of the multi-cellular ecosystem of metastatic cancer shapes clinical outcomes. scRNA-seq is feasible in metastatic human NSCLCs and reveals a rich tumor ecosystem Individual tumors and cancer cells exhibit substantial molecular diversity Cancer and tumor microenvironment cells exhibit marked therapy-induced plasticity scRNA-seq of metastatic NSCLCs unveils new opportunities to improve clinical outcomes
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76
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Park HJ, Chi GY, Choi YH, Park SH. The root bark of Morus alba L. regulates tumor-associated macrophages by blocking recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3333-3344. [PMID: 32677743 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor growth and metastasis, and are closely related with poor prognosis of cancers. Therefore, TAMs have been an attractive target in cancer therapy. This study investigated whether the root bark of Morus alba L. (MA) regulates TAMs. Methylene chloride extract of MA (MEMA) decreased the migration of RAW264.7 cells and THP-1 macrophages toward cancer cells via inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and Src activity. In addition, MEMA inhibited the phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from cancer cells, leading to the decreased chemotaxis of macrophages. Finally, MEMA-suppressed M2 macrophage polarization induced by interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 or IL-6. MEMA downregulated the mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers and decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 and STAT3 in RAW264.7 cells. Suppression of M2 polarization of macrophages by MEMA resulted in the reduced migration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells when the conditioned media from RAW264.7 cells was used as a chemoattractant. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MEMA regulates TAMs by blocking the recruitment of macrophages into tumor microenvironments and by inhibiting M2 polarization of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Yong Chi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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77
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Park HJ, Chi GY, Choi YH, Park SH. Lupeol suppresses plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-mediated macrophage recruitment and attenuates M2 macrophage polarization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:889-895. [PMID: 32430175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are closely related with poor prognosis of cancers. The current study investigated whether lupeol regulates TAMs by focusing on the recruitment and polarization of macrophages. We found that lupeol suppressed the recruitment of THP-1 macrophages (THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages) towards H1299 lung carcinoma cells by inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) production from H1299 cells. The reduced migration of THP-1 macrophages by lupeol was recovered by adding recombinant human PAI-1 as a chemoattractant. Knockdown of PAI-1 or treatment of tiplaxtinin, a PAI-1 inhibitor, in H1299 cells abrogated the chemotaxis of macrophages. Furthermore, lupeol suppressed the interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-13-induced M2 macrophage polarization. The mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) were commonly decreased by lupeol in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, lupeol-suppressed M2 macrophage polarization led to the reduced migration of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Taken together, our results suggest that lupeol attenuates PAI-1-mediated macrophage recruitment towards cancer cells and inhibits M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Yong Chi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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78
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Raudenska M, Gumulec J, Balvan J, Masarik M. Caveolin-1 in oncogenic metabolic symbiosis. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1793-1807. [PMID: 32196654 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells are heterogeneous and flexible as a tumor mass is a hurriedly evolving system capable of constant adaptation to oxygen and nutrient availability. The exact type of cancer metabolism arises from the combined effects of factors intrinsic to the cancer cells and factors proposed by the tumor microenvironment. As a result, a condition termed oncogenic metabolic symbiosis in which components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) promote tumor growth often occurs. Understanding how oncogenic metabolic symbiosis emerges and evolves is crucial for perceiving tumorigenesis. The process by which tumor cells reprogram their TME involves many mechanisms, including changes in intercellular communication, alterations in metabolic phenotypes of TME cells, and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix. It is possible that one molecule with a pleiotropic effect such as Caveolin-1 may affect many of these pathways. Here, we discuss the significance of Caveolin-1 in establishing metabolic symbiosis in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
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79
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Zhu C, Jiang L, Xu J, Ren A, Ju F, Shu Y. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator and inhibitors in resectable lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152885. [PMID: 32113794 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer in many aspects. Previous studies demonstrated that the conclusions about the prognosis value of uPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) in lung cancer are controversial, so this study was performed for the exploration of the predictive effect of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 on the overall survival (OS) of resectable pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients. METHODS UPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 expression levels were assayed by immunohistochemical staining based on tissue microarray (TMA) that is composed of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 84 resectable lung adenocarcinoma patients from July 2004 to June 2009. The relationship of IHC, mRNA expression levels of three molecules were investigated respectively. The three molecules' relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and OS was explored by Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analyses. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze differential gene expressions of RNA-sequencing data of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and normal tissues, and Kaplan-Meier methods were adopted to confirm the prognostic value of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 in resectable lung adenocarcinoma in TCGA database and the R package MethylMix was used to conduct an analysis integrating methylation data and gene expression of RNA-sequencing data based on TCGA. RESULTS UPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 had much higher IHC expression levels in tumor than those in the normal tissues (uPA, Z = -10.511; PAI-1, Z = -4.836; PAI-2, Z = -6.794; all P < 0.0001). High DNA methylation level of gene uPA resulted in the decrease of its expression. In addition, expression level of PAI-2 was positively associated with tumor size (χ2 = 8.372, P = 0.004). Multivariate analyses showed TNM stage III was an independent adverse prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 3.736, 95 % confidence interval = 1.097-12.72, P = 0.035). Kaplan-Meier method revealed that uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 expression levels were not related to the OS for 84 resectable lung adenocarcinoma patients. According to TCGA data, PAI-1 expression level was identified as a potential adverse predictor for prognosis of resectable lung adenocarcinoma (Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that, the expression levels of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 are significantly up-regulated in resectable lung adenocarcinoma. Besides, this study highlights PAI-1 as a latent adverse prognostic factor in resectable adenocarcinoma of lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Anjing Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feng Ju
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, #29 Yudao Road, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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80
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Abstract
The paradoxical pro-tumorigenic function of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1, aka Serpin E1) in cancer progression and metastasis has been the subject of an abundant scientific literature that has pointed to a pro-angiogenic role, a growth and migration stimulatory function, and an anti-apoptotic activity, all directed toward promoting tumor growth, cancer cell survival, and metastasis. With uPA, PAI-1 is among the most reliable biomarkers and prognosticators in many cancer types. More recently, a novel pro-tumorigenic function of PAI-1 in cancer-related inflammation has been demonstrated. These multifaceted activities of PAI-1 in cancer progression are explained by the complex structure of PAI-1 and its multiple functions that go beyond its anti-fibrinolytic and anti-plasminogen activation activities. However, despite the multiple evidences supporting a pro-tumorigenic role of PAI-1 in cancer, and the development of several inhibitors, targeting PAI-1, has remained elusive. In this article, the various mechanisms responsible for the pro-tumorigenic functions of PAI-1 are reviewed with emphasis on its more recently described contribution to cancer inflammation. The challenges of targeting PAI-1 in cancer therapy are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Helena Kubala
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Yves Albert DeClerck
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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81
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Hutzen B, Paudel SN, Naeimi Kararoudi M, Cassady KA, Lee DA, Cripe TP. Immunotherapies for pediatric cancer: current landscape and future perspectives. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 38:573-594. [PMID: 31828566 PMCID: PMC6994452 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized how we manage and treat cancer. While the majority of immunotherapy-related studies performed to date have focused on adult malignancies, a handful of these therapies have also recently found success within the pediatric space. In this review, we examine the immunotherapeutic agents that have achieved the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration for treating childhood cancers, highlighting their development, mechanisms of action, and the lessons learned from the seminal clinical trials that ultimately led to their approval. We also shine a spotlight on several emerging immunotherapeutic modalities that we believe are poised to have a positive impact on the treatment of pediatric malignancies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hutzen
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Siddhi Nath Paudel
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Kevin A Cassady
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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82
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Rébé C, Ghiringhelli F. STAT3, a Master Regulator of Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1280. [PMID: 31480382 PMCID: PMC6770459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate cancer growth. Thus cancer progression is dependent on the activation or repression of transcription programs involved in the proliferation/activation of lymphoid and myeloid cells. One of the main transcription factors involved in many of these pathways is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In this review we will focus on the role of STAT3 and its regulation, e.g. by phosphorylation or acetylation in immune cells and how it might impact immune cell function and tumor progression. Moreover, we will review the ability of STAT3 to regulate checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rébé
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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83
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Meng H, Wu J, Huang Q, Yang X, Yang K, Qiu Y, Ren J, Shen R, Qi H. NEDD9 promotes invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 via JNK/EMT. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4022-4029. [PMID: 31516604 PMCID: PMC6732989 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally-downregulated 9 (NEDD9) is a multi-domain skeleton protein that serves an important role in the cell signaling process via modulating invasion, metastasis, proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. The present study identified that the expression levels of NEDD9 in colorectal cancer were elevated. Therefore, the effect of downregulating the expression of NEDD9 in terms of invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells was investigated and the role of the JNK pathway in these processes was also investigated. The data revealed that downregulation of NEDD9 and JNK inhibitors suppressed invasion and migration, decreased expression levels of phosphorylated JNK, increased the expression levels of E-cadherin and decreased the expression levels of vimentin. In summary, NEDD9 promotes invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells via the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Meng
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of The People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Kunao Yang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Yuexin Qiu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Jiwen Ren
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Ruowu Shen
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Genes of Related Pathways in Altered Gravity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020436. [PMID: 30669540 PMCID: PMC6358763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system deterioration in space represents a major risk, which has to be mitigated for exploration-class missions into the solar system. Altered gravitational forces have been shown to regulate adaptation processes in cells of the immune system, which are important for appropriate risk management, monitoring and development of countermeasures. T lymphocytes and cells of the monocyte-macrophage system are highly migratory cell types that frequently encounter a wide range of oxygen tensions in human tissues and in hypoxic areas, even under homeostatic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and 2 (HIF's) might have an important role in activation of T cells and cells of the monocyte-macrophages system. Thus, we investigated the regulation of HIF-dependent and, therefore, hypoxia-signaling systems in both cell types in altered gravity and performed transcript and protein analysis from parabolic flight and suborbital ballistic rocket experiments. We found that HIF-1α and HIF-1-dependent transcripts were differently regulated in altered gravity, whereas HIF-1α-dependent gene expression adapted after 5 min microgravity. Inter-platform comparisons identified PDK1 as highly responsive to gravitational changes in human U937 myelomonocytic cells and in Jurkat T cells. We suggest HIF-1 as a potential pharmacological target for counteracting immune system deterioration during space flight.
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