Quantitative characterization of hydroxyl radical generation in a goethite-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction

Heterogeneous sono-Fenton process using pyrite nanorods prepared by non-thermal plasma for degradation of an anthraquinone dye

Natural pyrite (NP) was treated using oxygen and nitrogen non-thermal plasmas to form modified catalysts. Cleaning effect of the O2 plasma by chemical etching leads to removal of impurities from catalyst surface and sputtering effect of the N2 plasma results in formation of pyrite nanorods. The mentioned plasmas were applied separately or in the order of first O2 and then N2, respectively. The catalytic performance of the plasma-modified pyrites (PMPs) is better than the NP for treatment of Reactive Blue 69 (RB69) in heterogeneous sono-Fenton process (US/H2O2/PMP). The NP and the most effective modified pyrite (PMP4) samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XPS and BET analyses. The desired amounts were chosen for operational parameters including initial pH (5), H2O2 concentration (1mM), PMP4 dosage (0.6g/L), dye concentration (20mg/L), and ultrasonic power (300W). Moreover, the effects of peroxydisulfate and inorganic salts on the degradation efficiency were investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was applied to identify the generated intermediates and a plausible pathway was proposed for RB69 degradation. Environmentally-friendly modification of the NP, low amount of leached iron and repeated reusability at milder pH are the significant privileges of the PMP4. The phytotoxicity test using Spirodela polyrrhiza verified the remarkable toxicity removal of the RB69 solution after the treatment process.

Heterogeneous sono-Fenton-like process using nanostructured pyrite prepared by Ar glow discharge plasma for treatment of a textile dye

The plasma-treated pyrite (PTP) nanostructures were prepared from natural pyrite (NP) utilizing argon plasma due to its sputtering and cleaning effects resulting in more active surface area. The NP and PTP were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The performance of the PTP was greater than NP for treatment of Reactive Red 84 (RR84) by the heterogeneous sono-Fenton process. The optimum amounts of main operational parameters were obtained as PTP of 4 g/L, initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L, pH of 5, and ultrasonic power of 300 W after 120 min of reaction time. Also, the effects of enhancers, and inorganic salts and t-butanol as hydroxyl radical scavengers on the degradation efficiency were investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS) was applied for detection of some degradation intermediates. Environmentally friendly plasma modification of the NP, in situ production of H2O2 and OH radicals, low leached iron concentration and repeated reusability at the milder pH are the significant benefits of the PTP utilization.

Production of martite nanoparticles with high energy planetary ball milling for heterogeneous Fenton-like process

Natural martite microparticles (NMMs) were prepared with a high energy planetary ball mill to form a nanocatalyst for a Fenton-like process.