51
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Kianmehr E, Afaridoun H. Nickel(II)- and Silver(I)-Catalyzed C–H Bond Halogenation of Anilides and Carbamates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ortho-C–H bond halogenation of anilides and N-aryl carbamates using easily available N-halosuccinimides (NXS) as the active halogenation reagent in the presence of nickel or silver catalyst has been developed. This method provides a new approach to 2-haloanilides and carbamates, which may serve as starting materials for the synthesis of pharmaceutically and biologically active compounds.
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52
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53
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Lin X, Zeng C, Liu C, Fang Z, Guo K. C-5 selective chlorination of 8-aminoquinoline amides using dichloromethane. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1352-1357. [PMID: 33475130 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An oxidant-free electrochemical regioselective chlorination of 8-aminoquinoline amides at ambient temperature in batch and continuous-flow was achieved. Inert DCM was used as the chlorinating reagent. Owing to the continuous-flow setup, the reaction scale up can be achieved conveniently with higher productivity. Moreover, this method has good position-control, and water and air tolerance. Costly quaternary ammonium salts were avoided. Radical-trapping, H/D exchange, KIE and cyclic voltammetry experiments were conducted to gain insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Cuilian Zeng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China. and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
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54
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Wang D, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Ligand Promoted Olefination of Anilides for Indirectly Introducing Fluorinated Functional Groups via Palladium Catalyst. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2696-2705. [PMID: 33502195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a palladium-catalyzed, ligand promoted, C-H fluorine-containing olefination of anilides with 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobutene as the fluorinated reagent, which has a potential transformation into other compounds due to its -CF2CF2Br functional group. -CF2CF2H was obtained by using the mild reducing agent sodium borohydride. Bioactive compounds such as aminoglutethimide derivative and propham were well-tolerated in this reaction, both of which highlight the synthetic importance of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P.R. China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P.R. China
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55
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Chen X, Fan S, Zhang M, Gao Y, Li S, Li G. Palladium-catalyzed remote para-C-H activation of arenes assisted by a recyclable pyridine-based template. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4126-4131. [PMID: 34163684 PMCID: PMC8179498 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct para-selective C-H functionalization of arenes remains a daunting challenge and is still significantly restricted to a few scaffolds. Herein, we report an unprecedented pyridine-based para-directing template (DT) assisted, Pd-catalyzed para-C-H alkenylation of three classes of arenes, i.e. phenylpropanoic acids, 2-phenyl benzoic acids and benzyl alcohols, with a series of alkenes including perfluoroalkenes. Notably, the pyridine-based para-DT could be easily synthesized and readily recycled under mild conditions. These results may find application in rapid construction of para-substituted arenes and stimulate the exploration of novel methods for para-C-H functionalization of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Shangda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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56
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Dinda E, Bhunia SK, Jana R. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions for Annulative π -Extension of Indoles to Carbazoles through C–H Bond Activation. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200817170058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions through C-H bond activation has
tremendous potential to access fused aromatic systems from relatively simple aromatic
compounds in a single step. This state-of-the-art technique has the ability to streamline the
synthesis of functionalized materials useful in material science, biomedical research, agroand
pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, C-H activation strategy does not require prefunctionalization
steps, which allows for the late-stage modification of the functional
molecule with requisite molecular properties. Owing to their unique photophysical properties,
carbazoles are widely used in photovoltaic cells, biomedical imaging, fluorescent
polymer, etc. It is also ubiquitously found in many natural products, agrochemicals and
privileged medicinal scaffolds. Hence, direct conversion of easily accessible indole to carbazole
remains an active research area. In the last decades, significant advancement has
been made to access carbazole moiety directly from indole through cascade C-H activation. The underlying
mechanism behind this cascade π-extension strategy is the facile electrophilic metalation at the C-3 position of
the indole moiety, 1,2- migration and electro cyclization. In this review, we will discuss recent literature reports
for the palladium-catalyzed π-extension of indole to carbazole moiety through C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
| | - Samir Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Midnapore College (autonomous), Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIRIndian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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57
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Qu Z, Zhu H, Grimme S. Mechanistic Insights for Iodane Mediated Aromatic Halogenation Reactions. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
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58
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Qu Z, Zhu H, Grimme S. Mechanistic Insights for Dimethyl Sulfoxide Catalyzed Aromatic Chlorination Reactions. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
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59
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Choi I, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. C7-Indole Amidations and Alkenylations by Ruthenium(II) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12534-12540. [PMID: 32485007 PMCID: PMC7383588 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
C7-H-functionalized indoles are ubiquitous structural units of biological and pharmaceutical compounds for numerous antiviral agents against SARS-CoV or HIV-1. Thus, achieving site-selective functionalizations of the C7-H position of indoles, while discriminating among other bonds, is in high demand. Herein, we disclose site-selective C7-H activations of indoles by ruthenium(II) biscarboxylate catalysis under mild conditions. Base-assisted internal electrophilic-type substitution C-H ruthenation by weak O-coordination enabled the C7-H functionalization of indoles and offered a broad scope, including C-N and C-C bond formation. The versatile ruthenium-catalyzed C7-H activations were characterized by gram-scale syntheses and the traceless removal of the directing group, thus providing easy access to pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds. Detailed mechanistic studies through spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses shed light on the unique nature of the robust ruthenium catalysis for the functionalization of the C7-H position of indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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60
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Choi I, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. C7‐Indol‐Amidierung und ‐Alkenylierung durch Ruthenium(II)‐ Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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61
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Levy JN, Alegre-Requena JV, Liu R, Paton RS, McNally A. Selective Halogenation of Pyridines Using Designed Phosphine Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11295-11305. [PMID: 32469220 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Halopyridines are key building blocks for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and ligands for metal complexes, but strategies to selectively halogenate pyridine C-H precursors are lacking. We designed a set of heterocyclic phosphines that are installed at the 4-position of pyridines as phosphonium salts and then displaced with halide nucleophiles. A broad range of unactivated pyridines can be halogenated, and the method is viable for late-stage halogenation of complex pharmaceuticals. Computational studies indicate that C-halogen bond formation occurs via an SNAr pathway, and phosphine elimination is the rate-determining step. Steric interactions during C-P bond cleavage account for differences in reactivity between 2- and 3-substituted pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Renrong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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62
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Tungstate-Catalyzed Biomimetic Oxidative Halogenation of (Hetero)Arene under Mild Condition. iScience 2020; 23:101072. [PMID: 32371372 PMCID: PMC7201191 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl halide (Br, Cl, I) is among the most important compounds in pharmaceutical industry, material science, and agrochemistry, broadly utilized in diverse transformations. Tremendous approaches have been established to prepare this scaffold; however, many of them suffer from atom economy, harsh condition, inability to be scaled up, or cost-unfriendly reagents and catalysts. Inspired by vanadium haloperoxidases herein we presented a biomimetic approach for halogenation (Br, Cl, I) of (hetero)arene catalyzed by tungstate under mild pH in a cost-efficient and environment- and operation-friendly manner. Broad substrates, diverse functional group tolerance, and good chemo- and regioselectivities were observed, even in late-stage halogenation of complex molecules. Moreover, this approach can be scaled up to over 100 g without time-consuming and costly column purification. Several drugs and key precursors for drugs bearing aryl halides (Br, Cl, I) have been conveniently prepared based on our approach. Tungstate-catalyzed halogenation of (hetero)arenes under mild condition Robust in 100-g-scale synthesis; good functional group tolerance Late-stage halogenation of complex molecules; good application in drug synthesis
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63
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Zeng X, Liu S, Yang Y, Yang Y, Hammond GB, Xu B. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2-Dihaloalkenes Using In-Situ-Generated ICl, IBr, BrCl, I2, and Br2. Chem 2020; 6:1018-1031. [PMID: 32685767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a catalyst-free 1,2-trans-dihalogenation of alkynes with an unprecedented substrate scope and exclusive regio- and stereoselectivity. This versatile dihalogenation system-a combination of NX1S electrophile and alkali metal halide (MX2) in acetic acid-is applicable for diverse categories of alkynes (electron-rich or poor alkynes, internal and terminal alkynes, or heteroatoms such as O-, N-, S-substituted alkynes). The hydrogen bonding donor solvent acetic acid is essential for the in-situ generation of X1X2 electrophile, including ICl, IBr, BrCl, I2, and Br2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Shiwen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Lead Contact
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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64
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Banjare SK, Biswal P, Ravikumar PC. Cobalt-Catalyzed One-Step Access to Pyroquilon and C-7 Alkenylation of Indoline with Activated Alkenes Using Weakly Coordinating Functional Groups. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5330-5341. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Pragati Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ponneri Chandrababu Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
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65
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Liu T, Li Y, Jiang L, Wang J, Jin K, Zhang R, Duan C. Photo-mediated synthesis of halogenated spiro[4,5]trienones of N-aryl alkynamides with PhI(OCOCF 3) 2 and KBr/KCl. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1933-1939. [PMID: 32101242 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel and convenient photo-mediated halogenated spirocyclization of N-(p-methoxyaryl)propiolamides has been developed. The photolysis of phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) as an iodination reagent led to iodinated ipso-cyclization under the irradiation of a xenon lamp, while brominated ipso-cyclization or chlorinated ipso-cyclization was achieved by irradiating a mixture of PIFA and KBr/KCl under a blue LED. The present protocol simply utilizes light as the safe and clean energy source and doesn't require any external photocatalyst providing various 3-halospiro[4,5]trienones in good to excellent yields (up to 93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Yaming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Linlin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Jiaao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Kun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
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66
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Granados A, Shafir A, Arrieta A, Cossío FP, Vallribera A. Stepwise Mechanism for the Bromination of Arenes by a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2142-2150. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Granados
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandr Shafir
- Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), c/ Jordi Girona 18−26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Arrieta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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67
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Song S, Li X, Wei J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Ai L, Zhu Y, Shi X, Zhang X, Jiao N. DMSO-catalysed late-stage chlorination of (hetero)arenes. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Wen X, Dou X, Wei J, Qiu X, Song S, Jiao N. Nitromethane as a nitrogen donor in Schmidt-type formation of amides and nitriles. Science 2019; 367:281-285. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Schmidt reaction has been an efficient and widely used synthetic approach to amides and nitriles since its discovery in 1923. However, its application often entails the use of volatile, potentially explosive, and highly toxic azide reagents. Here, we report a sequence whereby triflic anhydride and formic and acetic acids activate the bulk chemical nitromethane to serve as a nitrogen donor in place of azides in Schmidt-like reactions. This protocol further expands the substrate scope to alkynes and simple alkyl benzenes for the preparation of amides and nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaojin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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69
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70
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Fosu SC. Streamlining Synthesis. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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