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Gómez-Suárez A, Neumann CN. Stereochemistry in All Its Shapes and Forms: The 56 th Bürgenstock Conference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309468. [PMID: 37590448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the crucial role of stereochemistry in fields as diverse as total synthesis, synthetic methodology, spectroscopy, and the study of the origin of life, the 56th SCS Conference on Stereochemistry, better known as the BÃ1/4rgenstock Conference, brought together a diverse range of chemistry expertise in Brunnen, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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2
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Nowak-Król A, Dydio P. The 55 th Bürgenstock Conference under the Banner of Sustainability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214722. [PMID: 36477955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paweł Dydio
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Goes SL, Nutting JE, Hill NJ, Stahl SS, Rafiee M. Exploring Electrosynthesis: Bulk Electrolysis and Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis of the Shono Oxidation. J Chem Educ 2022; 99:3242-3248. [PMID: 36277842 PMCID: PMC9580565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As electrochemistry continues to gain broader acceptance and use within the organic chemistry community, it is important that advanced undergraduate students are exposed to fundamental and practical knowledge of electrochemical applications for chemical synthesis. Herein, we describe the development of an undergraduate laboratory experience that introduces synthetic and analytical electrochemistry concepts to an advanced organic chemistry class. Experiments focus on the electrooxidative α-functionalization of carbamates, more generally known as the Shono oxidation, and include cyclic voltammetry analysis of two cyclic carbamates and a constant current bulk electrolysis reaction. The exercise offers students an authentic experience in organic electrochemistry, lays a practical and theoretical foundation for future engagement with concepts in electrochemistry and redox chemistry, and strengthens fundamental organic chemistry skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Goes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jordan E. Nutting
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri–Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, MO 1064110, United States
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4
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Petritis SJ, Byrd KM, Schneller W. Hybridization Gamified: A Mobile App for Learning About Hybridization. J Chem Educ 2022; 99:1155-1159. [PMID: 35493721 PMCID: PMC9053857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For years, hybridization in chemistry has been taught using static pictures and model kits. We decided to reimagine how students learn hybridization through the development of a mobile learning tool. The tool contains gamification features such as achievements and progressive leveling that keep students engaged, while the mobile platform allows students to study anywhere, anytime. A study conducted at the University of Arizona showed that playing the hybridization exercises increased academic performance, confidence, and engagement on the topic of hybridization. This work highlights the development and course implementation of a novel mobile hybridization learning tool.
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Bur SK, Pomerantz WCK, Bade ML, Gee CT. Fragment-Based Ligand Discovery Using Protein-Observed 19F NMR: A Second Semester Organic Chemistry CURE Project. J Chem Educ 2021; 98:1963-1973. [PMID: 37274366 PMCID: PMC10237086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Curriculum-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have been shown to increase student retention in STEM fields and are starting to become more widely adopted in chemistry curricula. Here we describe a 10-week CURE that is suitable for a second-semester organic chemistry laboratory course. Students synthesize small molecules and use protein-observed 19F (PrOF) NMR to assess the small molecule's binding affinity to a target protein. The research project introduced students to multistep organic synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, quantitative biophysical measurements (measuring Kd from PrOF NMR experiments), and scientific literacy. Docking experiments could be added to help students understand how changes in a ligand structure may affect binding to a protein. Assessment using the CURE survey indicates self-perceived skill gains from the course that exceed gains measured in a traditional and an inquiry-based laboratory experience. Given the speed of the binding experiment and the alignment of the synthetic methods with a second-semester organic chemistry laboratory course, a PrOF NMR fragment-based ligand discovery lab can be readily implemented in the undergraduate chemistry curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Bur
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56028, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Morgan L Bade
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56028, United States
| | - Clifford T Gee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Abstract
Lignin, the richest source of renewable aromatics on the planet, is an intriguing raw material for the construction of value-added aromatics. In the past decade, much progress has been made regarding the development of efficient lignin depolymerization methods, able to produce specific monophenol derivatives in high-enough selectivity and yields. This now serves as an excellent basis for developing powerful downstream conversion strategies toward a wide range of products, including fine chemical building blocks. The inherent structural features of lignin-derived platform chemicals undoubtedly inspire the development of novel, creative, atom-economic synthetic routes toward biologically active molecules or natural products. In this perspective we attempt to bridge the structural features of lignin-derived platform chemicals with existing synthetic strategies toward the construction of heterocycles and provide a summary of efforts for the production of natural products from aromatics that can be, in principle, obtained from lignin. Last, we comment on the latest efforts that present entire value-chains from wood to valuable pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Afanasenko
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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Yu YJ, Wang XQ, Liu JF, Jiang ZQ, Liao LS. Harvesting triplet excitons for near-infrared electroluminescence via thermally activated delayed fluorescence channel. iScience 2021; 24:102123. [PMID: 33659882 PMCID: PMC7895761 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) emission is useful for numerous practical applications, such as communication, biomedical sensors, night vision, etc., which encourages researchers to develop materials and devices for the realization of efficient NIR organic light-emitting devices. Recently, the emerging organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have attracted wide attention because of the full utilization of electron-generated excitons, which is crucial for achieving high device efficiency. Up to now, the TADF emitters have shown their potential in the deep red/NIR region. Considering the color purity and efficiency, however, the development of NIR TADF emitters still lags behind RGB TADF emitters, indicating that there is still much room to improve their performance. In this regard, this perspective mainly summarizes the past progress of molecular design on constructing TADF NIR emitters. We hope this perspective could provide a new vista in developing NIR materials and enlighten breakthroughs in both fundamental research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Feng Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
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8
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Long R, Xia X, Zhao Y, Li S, Liu Z, Liu W. Screening metal-organic frameworks for adsorption-driven osmotic heat engines via grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and machine learning. iScience 2021; 24:101914. [PMID: 33385115 PMCID: PMC7772570 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption-driven osmotic heat engines offer an alternative way for harvesting low-grade waste heat below 80°C. In this study, we performed a high-throughput computational screening based on grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to identify the high-performance metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) from 1322 computationally ready experimental MOF structures for adsorption-driven osmotic heat engines with LiCl-methanol as the working fluid. Structure-property relationship analysis reveals that MOFs exhibiting high energy efficiency possess large working capacity, pore size and surface area, and moderate adsorption enthalpy comparable to the evaporation enthalpy. Furthermore, machine learning is employed to accelerate the computational screening for satisfied MOFs via the structure properties. The optimal structure properties of the MOFs are further identified via the ensemble-based regression model by optimizing the energy efficiency via the genetic algorithm, which shed light on rationally designing and fabricating MOFs for desired heat-to-electricity conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Long
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xia
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Song Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhichun Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Wang X, Kuang Y, Wu J. Generation of Sulfonylated Tetrazoles through an Iron-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction Involving Sulfur Dioxide. iScience 2020; 23:101872. [PMID: 33336165 PMCID: PMC7733023 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a privileged motif, tetrazoles can be widely found in pharmaceuticals and materials science. Herein, a five-component reaction of cycloketone oxime esters, alkynes, DABCO·(SO2)2, and two molecules of trimethylsilyl azide under iron catalysis is developed, giving rise to a range of cyano-containing sulfonylated tetrazoles in moderate to good yields. This multicomponent reaction exhibits excellent selectivity and enables the formation of multiple new chemical bonds in one pot. A possible mechanism involving azidosulfonylation of alkynes, C-C bond cleavage of both cycloketone oxime esters and alkynes, and [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trimethylsilyl azide and the nitrilium cation intermediate is proposed. Additionally, the potential of terminal alkynes acting as powerful synthons for the synthesis of tetrazoles in a radical initiated process is demonstrated for the first time. High-value tetrazole motifs were synthesized via a five-component reaction Fixing sulfur dioxide into tetrazole molecules under mild conditions Low-cost iron catalyst initiated the transformation Excellent selectivity with the formation of multiple new chemical bonds
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunyan Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Abstract
The merger of transition metal catalysis and electroorganic synthesis has recently emerged as a versatile platform for the development of highly enabling radical reactions in a sustainable fashion. Electrochemistry provides access to highly reactive radical species under extremely mild reaction conditions from abundant native functionalities. Transition metal catalysts can be used as redox-active electrocatalysts to shuttle electrons, chiral information to organic substrates, and the reactive intermediates in the electrolytic systems. The combination of these strategies in this mechanistic paradigm thus makes the generation and utilization of radical species in a chemoselective manner and allows further application to more synthetically attractive enantioselective radical transformations. This perspective discusses key advances over the past few years in the field of electrochemical transition metal catalysis and demonstrates how the unique features of this strategy permit challenging or previously elusive transformations via radical pathways to be successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract
A revitalization of organic electrosynthesis has incited the organic chemistry community to adopt electrochemistry as a green and cost-efficient method for activating small molecules to replace highly toxic and expensive redox chemicals. However, many of the critical challenges of batch electrosynthesis, especially for organic synthesis, still remain. The combination of continuous flow technology and electrochemistry is a potent means to enable industry to implement large scale electrosynthesis. Indeed, flow electrosynthesis helps overcome problems that mainly arise from macro batch electro-organic systems, such as mass transfer, ohmic drop, and selectivity, but this is still far from being a flawless and generic applicable process. As a result, a notable increase in research on methodology and hardware sophistication has emerged, and many hitherto uncharted chemistries have been achieved. To better help the commercialization of wide-scale electrification of organic synthesis, we highlight in this perspective the advances made in large-scale flow electrosynthesis and its future trajectory while pointing out the main challenges and key improvements of current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Tanbouza
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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Ogawa Y, Tokunaga E, Kobayashi O, Hirai K, Shibata N. Current Contributions of Organofluorine Compounds to the Agrochemical Industry. iScience 2020; 23:101467. [PMID: 32891056 PMCID: PMC7479632 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 1,200 agrochemicals are listed and many of these are regularly used by farmers to generate the food supply to support the expanding global population. However, resistance to pesticides is an ever more frequently occurring phenomenon, and thus, a continuous supply of novel agrochemicals with high efficiency, selectivity, and low toxicity is required. Moreover, the demand for a more sustainable society, by reducing the risk chemicals pose to human health and by minimizing their environmental footprint, renders the development of novel agrochemicals an ever more challenging undertaking. In the last two decades, fluoro-chemicals have been associated with significant advances in the agrochemical development process. We herein analyze the contribution that organofluorine compounds make to the agrochemical industry. Our database covers 424 fluoro-agrochemicals and is subdivided into several categories including chemotypes, mode of action, heterocycles, and chirality. This in-depth analysis reveals the unique relationship between fluorine and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ogawa
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Kobayashi
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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Cao D, Chen Z, Lv L, Zeng H, Peng Y, Li CJ. Light-Driven Metal-Free Direct Deoxygenation of Alcohols under Mild Conditions. iScience 2020; 23:101419. [PMID: 32798970 PMCID: PMC7452908 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl is widely found in organic molecules as functional group and its deprivation plays an inevitable role in organic synthesis. However, the direct cleavage of Csp3-O bond in alcohols with high selectivity and efficiency, especially without the assistance of metal catalyst, has been a formidable challenge because of its strong bond dissociation energy and unfavorable thermodynamics. Herein, an efficient metal-free strategy that enables direct deoxygenation of alcohols has been developed for the first time, with hydrazine as the reductant induced by light. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, and abundant and easily available starting materials, rendering selective deoxygenation of a variety of 1° and 2° alcohols, vicinal diols, and β-1 and even β-O-4 models of natural wood lignin. This strategy is also highlighted by its “traceless” and non-toxic by-products N2 and H2, as readily escapable gases. Mechanistic studies demonstrated dimethyl sulfide being a key intermediate in this transformation. Metal-free direct deoxygenation of alcohols enabled by light Traceless non-toxic N2 and H2 as by-products Broad substrate scope and wide functional group compatibility Converting lignin models into simple aromatics
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cao
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China; The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhangpei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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14
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Li Y, Fu L, Jiang X, Zhao D, Wang HF, Xia C, Li Y. Proton Transfer Can Govern Regioselectivity Assisted by Iron Catalysis. iScience 2020; 23:101214. [PMID: 32534444 PMCID: PMC7298526 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ortho-selective aromatic C-H functionalization is frequently used in organic synthesis and chemical/pharmaceutical industries. However, this reaction relies heavily on the use of directing groups suffering from limited substrate scope and extra steps to put on and remove the directing/protecting groups. Herein we present the previously neglected concept that enables good to nearly complete selective ortho position. Proton transfer was utilized to tune the electron density on the aryl ring and determine the positional selectivity of electrophilic substitution. Consistently with deuteration experiments and DFT studies, this work demonstrates that acid-promoted proton transfer directs accelerated ortho-selective halogenation of NH/OH contained aromatic amines/phenols with excellent selectivity (>40 examples; up to 98:2 ortho/para selectivity). The application potential of this Fe-catalyzed method is demonstrated by the convenient synthesis of three alkaloids and tizanidine. This report raises the possibility that proton transfer could serve as the basis of developing new selective C-H functionalization reactions. Highly ortho-selective halogenations of anilines and carbazoles Lewis acids being able to accelerate EAS reactions Proton shift found to be crucial for the regioselectivity Practical iron sulfonate catalysis being scaled up to 100 g
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Yuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
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15
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Wang H, Liang L, Guo Z, Peng H, Qiao S, Saha N, Zhu D, Zeng W, Chen Y, Huang P, Wen S. Highly Reactive Cyclic Monoaryl Iodoniums Tuned as Carbene Generators Couple with Nucleophiles under Metal-Free Conditions. iScience 2020; 23:101307. [PMID: 32634743 PMCID: PMC7338778 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions between aryl iodide and nucleophiles have been well developed. Iodoniums equipped with a reactive C-I(III) bond accelerate cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodide. Among them, cyclic diaryliodoniums are more atom economical; however; they are often in the trap of metal reliance and encounter regioselectivity issues. Now, we have developed a series of highly reactive cyclic monoaryl-vinyl iodoniums that can be tuned to construct C-N, C-O, and C-C bonds without metal catalysis. Under promotion of triethylamine, coupling reactions with aniline, phenol, aromatic acid, and indole proceed rapidly and regioselectively at room temperature. The carbene species is conceptualized as a key intermediate in our mechanism model. Furthermore, the coupling products enable diversity-oriented synthesis strategy to further build up a chemical library of diverse heterocyclic fragments that are in demand in the drug discovery field. Our current work provides a deep insight into the synthetic application of these highly reactive cyclic iodoniums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Nemai Saha
- Berhampore Girl's College, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal 742101, India
| | - Daqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Hu XQ, Liu ZK, Hou YX, Gao Y. Single Electron Activation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids. iScience 2020; 23:101266. [PMID: 32593954 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl carboxylic acids are stable and readily available in great structural diversity both from natural and well-established synthetic procedures, which make them promising starting materials in organic synthesis. The conversion of benzoic acids into high-value molecules is of great importance and have gained much interest of synthetic chemists. The recent development of single-electron (1e−) activation strategy has been esteemed as a complementary method for the transformation of benzoic acids. In this context, carboxylate groups can be selectively transferred into reactive aryl carboxylic radical, aryl radical, and acyl radical by electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, or in the presence of some SET oxidants. Based on these radical species, remarkable advancements have been achieved for the rapid formation of various chemical bonds over the past 10 years. In this review, we summarize recent advances in single electron activation of aryl carboxylic acids, with an emphasis on reaction scope, catalytic system, limitation, and underlying reaction mechanism.
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17
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Xie T, Wang GQ, Wang YW, Rao W, Xu H, Li S, Shen ZL, Chu XQ. Selective Quadruple C(sp 3)-F Functionalization of Polyfluoroalkyl Ketones. iScience 2020; 23:101259. [PMID: 32592997 PMCID: PMC7327834 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of organofluorine compounds has inspired the establishment of numerous methods for the functionalization of rather inert C-F bonds. Despite advances achieved in the manipulation of C(sp2)-F bonds by employing transition-metal catalysts, such as Pd, Rh, Cu, Ni, Ru, and Ir, strategies that address the paucity of effective pathways for selective activation of multiple C(sp3)-F bonds remained challenging. In this context, we present an unprecedented coupling-aromatization-cyclization reaction of polyfluorinated ketones with diverse N- and S-nucleophiles that forms regiodefined perfluoroalkylated naphtho[1,2-b]furan/benzofuran derivatives by harnessing Co-promoted distinctive quadruple C(sp3)-F bonds cleavage relay. This chemistry involving controlled and successive selective defluorination at heteronuclear centers would greatly contribute to the preparation of drug-like heterocycles as well as the late-stage elaboration of biorelevant compounds. Controlled experiments and DFT theoretical studies revealed that the combination of cheap cobalt salt with Cs2CO3 enable expeditious C-F functionalization. First example of consecutive selective quadruple C(sp3)-F functionalization Selectively and controllably partial defluorination at heteronuclear sites Conversion to value-added chemicals by using polyfluorocarbons and nucleophiles DFT calculations were performed to support mechanistic proposal
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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18
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Ma Z, Lu H, Liao K, Chen Z. Tungstate-Catalyzed Biomimetic Oxidative Halogenation of (Hetero)Arene under Mild Condition. iScience 2020; 23:101072. [PMID: 32371372 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl halide (Br, Cl, I) is among the most important compounds in pharmaceutical industry, material science, and agrochemistry, broadly utilized in diverse transformations. Tremendous approaches have been established to prepare this scaffold; however, many of them suffer from atom economy, harsh condition, inability to be scaled up, or cost-unfriendly reagents and catalysts. Inspired by vanadium haloperoxidases herein we presented a biomimetic approach for halogenation (Br, Cl, I) of (hetero)arene catalyzed by tungstate under mild pH in a cost-efficient and environment- and operation-friendly manner. Broad substrates, diverse functional group tolerance, and good chemo- and regioselectivities were observed, even in late-stage halogenation of complex molecules. Moreover, this approach can be scaled up to over 100 g without time-consuming and costly column purification. Several drugs and key precursors for drugs bearing aryl halides (Br, Cl, I) have been conveniently prepared based on our approach. Tungstate-catalyzed halogenation of (hetero)arenes under mild condition Robust in 100-g-scale synthesis; good functional group tolerance Late-stage halogenation of complex molecules; good application in drug synthesis
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Zheng Y, Dai P, Gao D, Hong K, Kou L, Dong S, Hu J, Qiu L, Hu W, Bao X, Xu X. Desaturation via Redox-Neutral Hydrogen Transfer Process: Synthesis of 2-Allyl Anilines, Mechanism and Applications. iScience 2020; 23:101168. [PMID: 32480129 PMCID: PMC7262561 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented desaturation method via redox-neutral hydrogen transfer process has been disclosed under mild conditions for the selective formation of terminal alkene with alkyl diazo compounds and aza-o-QMs. The control experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the visible light was introduced as a key parameter to enhance the reactivity via a radical process in the formation of closed-shell cyclopropane intermediate, followed by a ring opening and redox-neutral hydrogen transfer process to give the desaturated product. The high regioselectivity in this transformation is enabled by the internal amino species as an ancillary group (AG) in the final olefin formation step. This method provides a missing link in the expeditious preparation of synthetically useful 2-allyl anilines with broad substrate generality. Further applications of these generated products in N-heterocycle construction, including 5- and 6-membered rings with structural diversity, have been tactfully explored, which highlight the potential in methodology development and drug discovery. Highly site and regioselective synthesis enabled by ancillary group Desaturation via redox-neutral inert hydrogen transfer process Missing link in the synthesis of 2-allyl anilines with board substrate scope Methodology development and diversity synthesis based on 2-allyl anilines
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dafang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyao Kou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shanliang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jundie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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20
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Li K, Liu X, Liu S, An Y, Shen Y, Sun Q, Shi X, Su W, Cui W, Duan Z, Kuai L, Yang H, Satz AL, Chen K, Jiang H, Zheng M, Peng X, Lu X. Solution-Phase DNA-Compatible Pictet-Spengler Reaction Aided by Machine Learning Building Block Filtering. iScience 2020; 23:101142. [PMID: 32446221 PMCID: PMC7243192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of machine learning toward DNA encoded library (DEL) technology is lacking despite obvious synergy between these two advancing technologies. Herein, a machine learning algorithm has been developed that predicts the conversion rate for the DNA-compatible reaction of a building block with a model DNA-conjugate. We exemplify the value of this technique with a challenging reaction, the Pictet-Spengler, where acidic conditions are normally required to achieve the desired cyclization between tryptophan and aldehydes to provide tryptolines. This is the first demonstration of using a machine learning algorithm to cull potential building blocks prior to their purchase and testing for DNA-encoded library synthesis. Importantly, this allows for a challenging reaction, with an otherwise very low building block pass rate in the test reaction, to still be used in DEL synthesis. Furthermore, because our protocol is solution phase it is directly applicable to standard plate-based DEL synthesis. A mild solution-phase, plate applicable DNA-compatible Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction An efficient strategy for DNA-encoded diversified tryptoline libraries synthesis A machine learning algorithm of building blocks filtering for DEL synthesis An elegant application of machine learning for DNA-encoded library technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong An
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yanfang Shen
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Qingxia Sun
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Wenji Su
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Weiren Cui
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Letian Kuai
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hongfang Yang
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Alexander L Satz
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xuanjia Peng
- DNA Encoded Library Platform, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Wang H, Li X, Tu Y, Zhang J. Catalytic Enantiodivergent Michael Addition by Subtle Adjustment of Achiral Amino Moiety of Dipeptide Phosphines. iScience 2020; 23:101138. [PMID: 32450512 PMCID: PMC7251764 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, asymmetric catalysis has been intensely investigated as a powerful tool for the preparation of numerous chiral biologically active compounds. However, developing general and practical strategies for preparation of both enantiomers of a chiral molecule via asymmetric catalysis is still a challenge, particularly when the two enantiomers of a chiral catalyst are not easily prepared from natural chiral sources. Inspired by the biologic system, we report herein an unprecedented catalytic enantiodivergent Michael addition of pyridazinones to enones by subtle adjustment of achiral amino moiety of dipeptide phosphine catalysts. These two dipeptide phosphine catalysts, P5 and P8, could deliver both enantiomers of a series of N2-alkylpyridazinones in good yields (up to 99%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) via the catalyst-controlled enantiodivergent addition of pyridazinones to enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 N. Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, P. R.China
| | - Youshao Tu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 N. Yan'an Avenue, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
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Li SS, Zhu N, Jing YN, Li Y, Bao H, Wan WM. Barbier Self-Condensing Ketyl Polymerization-Induced Emission: A Polarity Reversal Approach to Reversed Polymerizability. iScience 2020; 23:101031. [PMID: 32299054 PMCID: PMC7160573 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-carbon bond formation through polarity reversal ketyl radical anion coupling of carbonyls has inspired new reaction modes to this cornerstone carbonyl group and played significant roles in organic chemistry. The introduction of this resplendent polarity reversal ketyl strategy into polymer chemistry will inspire new polymerization mode with unpredicted discoveries. Here we show the successful introduction of polarity reversal ketyl approach to polymer chemistry to realize self-condensing ketyl polymerization with polymerization-induced emission. In this polarity reversal approach, it exhibits intriguing reversed polymerizability, where traditional excellent leaving groups are not suitable for polymerization but challenging polymerizations involving the cleavage of challenging C-F and C-CF3 bonds are realized under mild Barbier conditions. This polarity reversal approach enables the polymer chemistry with polarity reversal ketyl mode, opens up a new avenue toward the polymerization of challenging C-X bonds under mild conditions, and sparks design inspiration of new reaction, polymerization, and functional polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Shun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. of China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao 266580, P. R. of China
| | - Nengbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. of China
| | - Ya-Nan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. of China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao 266580, P. R. of China
| | - Yajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. of China
| | - Hongli Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. of China
| | - Wen-Ming Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. of China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao 266580, P. R. of China.
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Zhao X, Li J, Liu D, Yang M, Wang W, Zhu S, Yang B. Self-Enhanced Carbonized Polymer Dots for Selective Visualization of Lysosomes and Real-Time Apoptosis Monitoring. iScience 2020; 23:100982. [PMID: 32234664 PMCID: PMC7113624 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protons are highly related to cell viability during physiological and pathological processes. Developing new probes to monitor the pH variation could be extremely helpful to understand the viability of cells and the cell death study. Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) are superior biocompatible and have been widely applied in bioimaging field. Herein, a new type of extreme-pH suitable CPDs was prepared from citric acid and o-phenylenediamine (CA/oPD-CPDs). Due to the co-existence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, CA/oPD-CPDs tend to aggregate in neutral condition with a dramatic decrease of fluorescence, but disperse well in both acidic and alkaline conditions with brighter emission. This specialty enables them to selectively illuminate lysosomes in cells. Moreover, CA/oPD-CPDs in the cytoplasm could serve as a sustained probe to record intracellular pH variation during apoptosis. Furthermore, CA/oPD-CPDs present a continuous fluorescence increase upon 2-h laser irradiation in living cells, underscoring this imaging system for long-term biological recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- The Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P. R. China
| | - Dongning Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatology Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Mingxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
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Gannarapu MR, Zhou J, Jiang B, Shibata N. Two Catalytic Annulation Modes via Cu-Allenylidenes with Sulfur Ylides that Are Dominated by the Presence or Absence of Trifluoromethyl Substituents. iScience 2020; 23:100994. [PMID: 32259670 PMCID: PMC7132161 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We disclose the Cu-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 3-methyl-3-propargyl-indolines, which contain a quaternary stereogenic carbon center, via the decarboxylative [4 + 1] annulation of 4-methyl-4-propargyl-benzoxazinanones with variety of sulfur ylides. The reaction proceeds predominantly through a γ-attack at the Cu-allenylidene intermediates by sulfur ylides to provide the corresponding indolines in good yield and high enantioselectivity (up to 91% ee). In contrast, the reaction of 4-trifluoromethyl-4-propargyl-benzoxazinanones with sulfur ylides delivers 3-trifluoromethyl-2-functionalized indoles in good to high yield via an unexpected α-attack at the Cu-allenylidene intermediates. Control over the α/γ-attack at the Cu-allenylidene intermediates by the same interceptors was achieved for the first time by the use of trifluoromethyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malla Reddy Gannarapu
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Zhou
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Bingyao Jiang
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China.
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Li MY, Han P, Hu TJ, Wei D, Zhang G, Qin A, Feng CG, Tang BZ, Lin GQ. Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Enabled by Aryl to Vinyl 1,4-Palladium Migration. iScience 2020; 23:100966. [PMID: 32199292 PMCID: PMC7082552 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling is a fundamentally important transformation in modern organic synthesis. The development of new reaction modes for new chemical accessibility and higher synthetic efficiency is still the consistent pursuance in this field. An efficient Suzuki-Miyaura coupling enabled by a controllable 1,4-palladium migration was realized to afford stereodefined multisubstituted olefins and 1,3-dienes. The reaction exhibits remarkable broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group tolerance, versatile conversion with obtained products, and easy scalability. The practicality of this method is highlighted by the aggregation-induced emission feature of the produced olefins and 1,3-dienes, as well as the capability of affording geometric isomer pairs with a marked difference on photoluminescent quantum yield values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengbo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zeng T, You W, Chen G, Nie X, Zhang Z, Xia L, Hong C, Chen C, You Y. Degradable PE-Based Copolymer with Controlled Ester Structure Incorporation by Cobalt-Mediated Radical Copolymerization under Mild Condition. iScience 2020; 23:100904. [PMID: 32106055 PMCID: PMC7044514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used materials in the world, but it is virtually undegradable and quickly accumulates in nature, which may contaminate the environment. We utilized the cobalt-mediated radical copolymerization (CMRP) of ethylene and cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) to effectively incorporate ester groups into PE backbone as cleavable structures to make PE-based copolymer degradable under mild conditions. The content of ethylene and ester units in the produced copolymer could be finely regulated by CKA concentration or ethylene pressure. Also, the copolymerization of ethylene and CKA with other functional vinyl monomers can produce functional and degradable PE-based copolymer. All the formed PE-based copolymers could degrade in the presence of trimethylamine (Et3N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei You
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chunyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yezi You
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Chen C, Wang H, Sun Y, Cui J, Xie J, Shi Y, Yu S, Hong X, Lu Z. Iron-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Vinylcyclopropanes via Stereospecific C-C Bond Cleavage. iScience 2020; 23:100985. [PMID: 32240952 PMCID: PMC7115165 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed highly anti-Markovnikov selective, enantioselective hydrosilylation of vinylcyclopropanes with PhSiH3 was reported for the preparation of valuable chiral allylic silanes via stereospecific C-C bond cleavage. Simultaneously, difficultly prepared chiral VCPs could be also obtained with moderate to excellent enantioselectivity via this kinetic resolution pathway. The chiral Z-allylic silanes could be converted to various chiral allylic derivatives. A possible mechanism via an iron-silyl species was proposed based on experimental and computational studies. Iron-catalyzed 1,5-hydrosilylation of VCPs via C-C bond cleavage was first established Chiral allyl silanes and chiral VCPs were obtained with high enantioselectivity Various chiral allylic derivatives were delivered from chiral Z-allylic silanes A possible mechanism via an iron-silyl species was proposed
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiayan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shijia Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Fu J, Chen S, Yang K, Jung S, Lv J, Lan L, Chen H, Hu D, Yang Q, Duan T, Kan Z, Yang C, Sun K, Lu S, Xiao Z, Li Y. A "σ-Hole"-Containing Volatile Solid Additive Enabling 16.5% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. iScience 2020; 23:100965. [PMID: 32199291 PMCID: PMC7082553 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we introduce a σ-hole-containing volatile solid additive, 1, 4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (A3), in PM6:Y6-based OSCs. Aside from the appropriate volatility of A3 additive, the synergetic halogen interactions between A3 and photoactive matrix contribute to more condensed and ordered molecular arrangement in the favorable interpenetrating donor/acceptor domains. As a result, greatly accelerated charge transport process with suppressed charge recombination possibility is observed and ultimately a champion PCE value of 16.5% is achieved. Notably, the A3 treated OSCs can maintain a high efficiency of over 16.0% in a wide concentration range of A3 additive between 10 and 35 mg/mL. The A3-treated device shows excellent stability with an efficiency of 15.9% after 360-h storage. This work demonstrates that the σ-hole interaction can be applied to enhance the OSC performance and highlights the importance of non-covalent interactions in the optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Fu
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Lv
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Linkai Lan
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Qianguang Yang
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Tainan Duan
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Shirong Lu
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China.
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Luo W, Yang JD, Cheng JP. Toward Rational Understandings of α-C-H Functionalization: Energetic Studies of Representative Tertiary Amines. iScience 2020; 23:100851. [PMID: 32058963 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of α-C–H bonds of tertiary amines to build various α-C–X bonds has become a mainstream in synthetic chemistry nowadays. However, due to lack of fundamental knowledge on α-C–H bond strength as an energetic guideline, rational exploration of new synthetic methodologies remains a far-reaching anticipation. Herein, we report a unique hydricity-based approach to establish the first integrated energetic scale covering both the homolytic and heterolytic energies of α-C–H bonds for 45 representative tertiary amines and their radical cations. As showcased from the studies on tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) by virtue of their thermodynamic criteria, the feasibility and mechanisms of THIQ oxidation were deduced, which, indeed, were found to correspond well with experimental observations. This integrated scale provides a good example to relate bond energetics with mechanisms and thermodynamic reactivity of amine α-C–H functionalization and hence, may be referenced for analyzing similar structure-property problems for various substrates. A unique hydricity-based methodology for bond energy determination The first integrated α-C–H bond energy scale of tertiary amines Thermodynamics-based diagnosis of the feasibility/mechanism of amine oxidation
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Mei GJ, Zheng W, Gonçalves TP, Tang X, Huang KW, Lu Y. Catalytic Asymmetric Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azoalkenes with 3-Vinylindoles: Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydropyrroles. iScience 2020; 23:100873. [PMID: 32062452 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed highly enantioselective formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azoalkenes with 3-vinylindoles has been established. Under mild conditions, the projected cycloaddition proceeded smoothly, affording a variety of 2,3-dihydropyrroles in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities, and also in a diastereospecific manner. As opposed to the common 4-atom synthons in the previous literature reports, azoalkenes served as 3-atom synthons. Besides, the observed selectivity was supported by primary theoretical calculation. The unique chemistry of azoalkenes disclosed herein will empower asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen-containing ring structural motifs in a broader context. Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction 2,3-Dihydropyrroles were enantioselectively synthesized Azoalkenes served as 3-atom synthons
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Liu G, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang X, Wu H, Wei Y, Zeng Y, Tao L. High-Throughput Preparation of Antibacterial Polymers from Natural Product Derivatives via the Hantzsch Reaction. iScience 2020; 23:100754. [PMID: 31884171 PMCID: PMC6941863 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hantzsch and free-radical polymerization reactions were combined in a one-pot high-throughput (HTP) system to simultaneously prepare 30 unique polymers in parallel. Six aldehydes derived from natural products were used as the starting materials to rapidly prepare the library of 30 poly(1,4-dihydropyridines). From this library, HTP evaluation methods led to the identification of an antibacterial polymer. Mechanistic studies revealed that the dihydropyridine group in the polymer side-chain structure plays an important role in resisting bacterial attachment to the polymer surface, thus leading to the antibacterial function of this polymer. This research demonstrates the value of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in interdisciplinary fields by discovering functional polymers for possible practical applications. It also provides insights to further developing new functional polymers using MCRs and HTP methods with important implications in organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yongsan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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Fu SS, Ren XY, Guo S, Lan G, Zhang ZM, Lu TB, Lin W. Synergistic Effect over Sub-nm Pt Nanocluster@MOFs Significantly Boosts Photo-oxidation of N-alkyl(iso)quinolinium Salts. iScience 2019; 23:100793. [PMID: 31958757 PMCID: PMC6992937 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolones and isoquinolones are of interest to pharmaceutical industry owing to their potent biological activities. Herein, we first encapsulated sub-nm Pt nanoclusters into Zr-porphyrin frameworks to afford an efficient photocatalyst Pt0.9@PCN-221. This catalyst can dramatically promote electron-hole separation and 1O2 generation to achieve synergistic effect first in the metal-organic framework (MOF) system, leading to the highest activity in photosynthesis of (iso)quinolones in >90.0% yields without any electronic sacrificial agents. Impressively, Pt0.9@PCN-221 was reused 10 times without loss of activity and can catalyze gram-scale synthesis of 1-methyl-5-nitroisoquinolinone at an activity of 175.8 g·gcat−1, 22 times higher than that of PCN-221. Systematic investigations reveal the contribution of synergistic effect of photogenerated electron, photogenerated hole, and 1O2 generation for efficient photo-oxidation, thus highlighting a new strategy to integrate multiple functional components into MOFs to synergistically catalyze complex photoreactions for exploring biologically active heterocyclic molecules. A state-of-the-art photocatalyst for preparation of bioactive (iso)quinolones Synergistic catalysis of photogenerated e−/h+ and 1O2 Sub-nm Pt0.9@PCN-221 with a high efficiency of e−-h+ separation and 1O2 generation
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Fu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Ren
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Song Guo
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Guangxu Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China.
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Lu H, Zhu G, Tang T, Ma Z, Chen Q, Chen Z. Anticancer Molecule Discovery via C2-Substituent Promoted Oxidative Coupling of Indole and Enolate. iScience 2019; 22:214-28. [PMID: 31786518 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
C2, C3-disubstituted indole is one of the most frequently encountered motifs in bioactive alkaloids and medicinal chemistry. Thus, developing novel, concise, and efficient access to it is highly desired in drug discovery. Herein, we present such an approach to this scaffold by direct oxidative coupling of C2-substituted indoles and enolates. Compared with indole bearing no C2-substituent, higher yields (up to 96%) were obtained for C2-substituted indoles in most cases. Mechanistic studies showed the reaction went through a Fe-chelated radical-anion oxidative coupling procedure promoted by C2-substituent on indole by two means: (1) stabilizing C2-radical intermediate during the reaction; (2) reducing indole homocoupling. This approach serves as a synthetic useful tool to quickly build up bioactive small molecule library of C2, C3-disubstituted indoles, and several products showed promising anticancer activities. Besides, indomethacin and its analogs were conveniently prepared in three-step sequence efficiently, indicating the potential application of our approach in medicinal chemistry. Fe-mediated, C2-substitutent promoted oxidative coupling of indoles and enolates Three-steps to prepare indomethacin and its analogues Quick access to complex indoles library bearing anticancer bioactivities
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Zhang J, Liu D, Liu S, Ge Y, Lan Y, Chen Y. Visible-Light-Induced Alkoxyl Radicals Enable α-C(sp 3)-H Bond Allylation. iScience 2019; 23:100755. [PMID: 31884167 PMCID: PMC6941871 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkoxyl radical is an essential reactive intermediate in mechanistic studies and organic synthesis with hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity. However, compared with intramolecular 1,5-HAT or intermolecular HAT of alkoxyl radicals, the intramolecular 1,2-HAT reactivity has been limited to theoretical studies and rarely synthetically utilized. Here we report the first selective 1,2-HAT of alkoxyl radicals for α-C(sp3)-H bond allylation of α-carbonyl, α-cyano, α-trifluoromethyl, and benzylic N-alkoxylphthalimides. The mechanistic probing experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals, and the use of protic solvents lowered the activation energy by up to 10.4 kcal/mol to facilitate the α-C(sp3)-H allylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Moku B, Fang WY, Leng J, Li L, Zha GF, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Rh-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Aliphatic Sulfonyl Fluorides. iScience 2019; 21:695-705. [PMID: 31733515 PMCID: PMC6889689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rh-catalyzed, highly enantioselective (up to 99.8% ee) synthesis of aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides was accomplished. This protocol provides a portal to a class of novel 2-aryl substituted chiral sulfonyl fluorides, which are otherwise extremely difficult to access. This asymmetric synthesis has the feature of mild conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, and wide substrate scope (51 examples) generating a wide array of structurally unique chiral β-arylated sulfonyl fluorides for sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click reaction and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishna Moku
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Linxian Li
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - K P Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
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Wang D, Liu W, Tang M, Yu N, Yang X. Atroposelective Synthesis of Biaryl Diamines and Amino Alcohols via Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed para-Aminations of Anilines and Phenols. iScience 2019; 22:195-205. [PMID: 31785557 PMCID: PMC6909093 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile method for atroposelective synthesis of chiral biaryl diamines and amino alcohols has been developed via para-amination of anilines and phenols with azodicarboxylates enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Meanwhile, highly efficient kinetic resolution of the racemic biaryl anilines has also been realized through these reactions, giving selectivity factor up to 246. The gram-scale reaction and facile derivatizations of the chiral products well demonstrate the potential of these reactions in the development of novel chiral ligands and catalysts. Versatile methods for asymmetric synthesis of biaryl diamines and amino alcohols Atroposelective para-aminations of biaryl anilines and phenols Kinetic resolution of racemic biaryl anilines Facile transformations of chiral products
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyao Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Shao C, Xiao F, Guo H, Yu J, Jin D, Wu C, Xi L, Tian L. Utilizing Polymer Micelle to Control Dye J-aggregation and Enhance Its Theranostic Capability. iScience 2019; 22:229-239. [PMID: 31786519 PMCID: PMC6906732 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilize polymer micelle to precisely control indocyanine green (ICG) J-aggregation in a fast and highly efficient way. In addition to simple encapsulation, the polymer micelle plays a role as a host template to drive ICG J-aggregation by the synergy of electrostatic and hydrophobic attractions. We further demonstrate that, due to the robust host-guest interaction, the intact of ICG J-aggregate will be secured by the polymer encapsulation during the intracellular and in vivo incubation. These features make this hierarchical assembly between ICG J-aggregate and the micelle polymer a promising biomedicine for cancer phototheranostics. Therefore the complex micelles are further modified by introduction of doxorubicin for chemotherapy and DNA aptamer for tumor targeting, and the final multi-functional micellar medicine shows high therapeutic efficacy for tumor, i.e., the tumor can be completely eliminated with no local reoccurrence and without long-term toxicity or side effects during a 24-day period after the treatment. J-aggregation of ICG is facilitated by polymer micelle Proper host-guest interactions are very critical The aggregation significantly improves the capability of ICG in phototheranostics The hierarchical assembly exhibits excellent photo/bio-stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiantao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dong Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
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Wilson C, Hirtz M, Levkin PA, Sutlief AL, Holmes AE. Facilitating an International Research Experience Focused on Applied Nanotechnology and Surface Chemistry for American Undergraduate Students Collaborating with Mentors at a German Educational and Research Institution. J Chem Educ 2019; 96:2441-2449. [PMID: 33911314 PMCID: PMC8078009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The "International Research Experience for Students (IRES)" at Doane University (DU) located in Crete, Nebraska, exposed undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students to international research at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany. The international collaboration team included three undergraduate researchers per year from DU, one faculty member and one postdoctoral fellow from DU, two faculty mentors at KIT, and several graduate, post-doctoral, and technical staff at KIT. Prior to departure to Germany, the students received extensive research training, as well as culture and language preparation from the mentors at DU. While in Germany, the students received an in-depth orientation to Karlsruhe, Germany, Europe, the research setting at KIT, and the international collaborators. The eight week summer projects over three years involved nanolithography, nano- to microsized array fabrication, organic synthesis using click chemistry, and surface modifications for sensing and other biomedical research applications. When the students returned from Germany, they continued to conduct research at DU and train other undergraduate students using the expertise acquired from KIT. The DU research students, including the IRES scholars, learned oral and written communication skills. They presented their KIT and DU research results at weekly seminars and at local and national meetings. An external assessment firm evaluated the program, the students, and mentors on a yearly basis before and after the summer research. This enabled all participants to continuously improve the learning objectives and the program execution including three program adjustments implemented in year 2 or 3. The survey data shows that the IRES program provided an enriching experience for the students in research and international culture and established a successful base of collaboration for mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska 68333, United States
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Arin L. Sutlief
- Department of Chemistry, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska 68333, United States
| | - Andrea E. Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska 68333, United States
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Liu Y, Yi Z, Tan X, Dong XQ, Zhang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Cyclic Sulfamidate Imines: Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic Sulfamidates. iScience 2019; 19:63-73. [PMID: 31352194 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral cyclic sulfamidates are useful building blocks to construct compounds, such as chiral amines, with important applications. Often these compounds can only be generated through expensive precious metal catalysts. Here, Ni(OAc)2/(S, S)-Ph-BPE-catalyzed highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic sulfamidate imines was successfully developed, affording various chiral cyclic sulfamidates with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, >99% enantiomeric excess [ee]). This Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation on a gram scale has been achieved with only 0.1 mol% catalyst loading in 99% yield with 93% ee. Other types of N-sulfonyl ketimines were also hydrogenated well to obtain the corresponding products with >99% conversion, 96%–97% yields, and 97%–>99% ee. In addition, this asymmetric methodology could produce other enantioenriched organic molecules, such as chiral β-fluoroamine, amino ether, and phenylglycinol. Moreover, a reasonable catalytic cycle was provided according to the deuterium-labeling studies, which could reveal a possible mechanism for this Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic sulfamidate imines Efficient preparation of enantioenriched cyclic sulfamidates Broad range of substrate scope Gram-scale asymmetric hydrogenation with high TON
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Liu C, Ji CL, Qin ZX, Hong X, Szostak M. Synthesis of Biaryls via Decarbonylative Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Carboxylic Acids. iScience 2019; 19:749-759. [PMID: 31491721 PMCID: PMC6731188 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biaryl motif is a building block in many drugs, agrochemicals, and materials, and as such it is highly desirable as a synthesis target. The state-of-the-art process for biaryl synthesis from ubiquitous carboxylic acids is decarboxylative cross-coupling involving loss of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the scope of these methods is severely limited, mainly due to specific substitution required to promote decarboxylation. The present report implements a decarbonylative version with loss of carbon monoxide (CO) that enables to directly engage carboxylic acids in a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling to produce biaryls as a general method with high cross-coupling selectivity using a well-defined Pd(0)/(II) catalytic cycle. This protocol shows a remarkably broad scope (>80 examples) and is performed in the absence of exogenous inorganic bases. In a broader context, the approach shows promise for routine applications in the synthesis of biaryls by carefully controlled decarbonylation of prevalent carboxylic acids. First decarbonylative Suzuki cross-coupling of carboxylic acids via Pd catalysis Rapid synthesis of functionalized biaryls from ubiquitous carboxylic acids Mechanistic insights from DFT studies point at the origin of high selectivity CO loss as a strategy for expanding access to aryl metals (cf. CO2 loss)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Chong-Lei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Michal Szostak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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41
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Fan D, Sakai Y, Chelikowsky JR. Discrimination of Bond Order in Organic Molecules Using Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy. Nano Lett 2019; 19:5562-5567. [PMID: 31340648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) with a CO-functionalized tip can image submolecular structures through high-resolution images with the possibility of discriminating bond order. We employ real-space pseudopotential calculations to simulate nc-AFM images of molecules containing double (dibenzo(cd,n)naphtho(3,2,1,8-pqra)perylene (DBNP), hexabenzo(bc,ef,hi,kl,no,qr)coronene (HBC)) and triple (1,2-bis[2-(2-ethynylphenyl)ethynyl]-benzene (BEEB), 6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-triynylbenzene (PHTB)) bonds. We find (1) triple bonds can be unambiguously distinguished from other interatomic interactions based on a characteristic image and (2) the degree of double bond character can be directly determined from the image. We propose that large lateral forces acting on the tip may induce specific image distortions in the cases of DBNP and BEEB.
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Zhang J, Han FS. Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Heck Cross-Coupling for the Straightforward Construction of Indole δ-Lactams. iScience 2019; 17:256-266. [PMID: 31319369 PMCID: PMC6637253 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The [6.5.6]-tricyclic indole δ-lactam represents a common key intermediate for the synthesis of a broad variety of structurally intriguing indole alkaloids. The development of a method for the versatile and straightforward construction of such structural motif is of great importance for potential synthetic applications. Herein, we present a co-ligand-prompted Pd-catalyzed 6-exo-trig intramolecular cyclization of indolyl amides via the aerobic oxidative Heck cross-coupling. The method provided a general and efficient way for the construction of [6.5.6]-tricyclic indole δ-lactams. A mechanistic study suggests that a Pd(I)/Pd(III) catalytic cycle should be responsible for effective coupling, which represents a mechanistically alternative pathway when compared with the Pd(0)/Pd(II) cycle proposed for other related coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Fu-She Han
- CAS Key Lab of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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Ma X, Su J, Zhang X, Song Q. Chlorodifluoromethane as a C1 Synthon in the Assembly of N-Containing Compounds. iScience 2019; 19:1-13. [PMID: 31344644 PMCID: PMC6658997 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of C1 synthons to afford the products that add one extra carbon has become an important research theme in the past decade, and significant progress has been achieved with CO2, CO, HCOOH, and others as C1 units. Despite the great advance, the search for new C1 synthons that display unique reactivity, complement to the current C1 sources, and add more value to C1 chemistry is still desirable. Herein, we report a quadruple cleavage of chlorodifluoromethane to yield a C1 source, which was successfully employed in the construction of various N-containing compounds especially with pharmaceutical molecules under mild conditions. This strategy provides a useful method for late-stage modification of pharmaceutical compounds. Four bonds in ClCF2H were orderly cleaved under basic conditions in the absence of transition metals. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that (E)-N-phenylformimidoyl fluoride intermediate is involved in this process by in situ1H NMR studies and control experiments. Quadruple cleavage of ClCF2H to afford a C1 synthon The cleavage of two stable C(sp3)-F bonds in aliphatic gem-difluoroalkanes Enrich C1 chemistry, green chemistry, and fluorine chemistry Various N-containing compounds were afforded via different role of ClCF2H
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ma
- The Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jianke Su
- The Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qiuling Song
- The Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Wang J, Ogawa Y, Shibata N. Activation of Saturated Fluorocarbons to Synthesize Spirobiindanes, Monofluoroalkenes, and Indane Derivatives. iScience 2019; 17:132-143. [PMID: 31276957 PMCID: PMC6612000 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated organic compounds are produced in abundance by the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry, making such compounds attractive as building blocks for further functionalization. Unfortunately, activation of C(sp3)-F bond in saturated fluorocarbons, especially for aliphatic gem-difluoroalkanes, remains challenging. Here we describe the selective activation of inert C(sp3)-F bonds catalyzed by B(C6F5)3. In hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), chemically robust aliphatic gem-difluorides are converted in high yields to the corresponding substituted 2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-1,1′-spirobiindenes via a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed intramolecular cascade Friedel-Crafts cyclization, not requiring a silicon-based trapping reagent. However, in the absence of a hydrogen-bonding donor solvent such as HFIP, the aliphatic gem-difluorides preferentially engage in a defluorination/elimination process that provides monofluorinated alkenes in good yields. Furthermore, a series of substituted 1-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indenes was obtained in high yield from the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed defluorinative cyclization of aliphatic secondary monofluorides in HFIP. The protocol could inspire development of a new class of main-group Lewis acid-catalyzed C(sp3)-F bond activation in general unactivated fluorocarbons. C(sp3)-F bond activation in general unactivated fluorocarbons The activation of C(sp3)-F bonds in aliphatic gem-difluoroalkanes The selective activation of inert C(sp3)-F bonds catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 An intramolecular cascade defluorinative Friedel-Crafts cyclization
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Yuta Ogawa
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan; Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China.
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Shao T, Li Y, Ma N, Li C, Chai G, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Deuteration of Azaarenes with D 2O. iScience 2019; 16:410-9. [PMID: 31229890 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The site-specific incorporation of deuterium (D) into small molecules is frequently used to access isotopically labeled compounds with broad utility in many research areas, such as drug development, mechanistic studies, and NMR analyses. Nevertheless, the deuteration of a stereocenter in an enantioselective manner, which could slow the metabolism and improve the bioavailability of bioactive molecules, remains challenging owing to the lack of established catalytic methods. Here, we report an asymmetric α-deuteration strategy for azaarenes with inexpensive D2O as the deuterium source. A cooperative visible light-driven photoredox and chiral Brønsted acid–catalyzed system using a Hantzsch ester as the terminal reductant has been developed, which enables racemic α-chloro-azaarenes and prochiral azaarene-substituted ketones to experience a single-electron reduction–enantioselective deuteration process. The transition metal-free method provides important chiral α-deuterated azaarenes in satisfactory yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) and substantial deuterium incorporation. Enantioselective deuteration enabled by photoredox asymmetric catalysis D2O as the deuterium source Azaarenes with a deuterated stereocenter Transition-metal-free catalyst system
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Liang T, Zhao H, Gong L, Jiang H, Zhang M. Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzimidazolones via Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Tandem C-H Aminations and Alkyl Deconstructive Carbofunctionalization. iScience 2019; 15:127-135. [PMID: 31048147 PMCID: PMC6496510 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazolone constitutes the core structure of numerous pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, inhibitors, pigments, herbicides, and fine chemicals. Amination of hydrocarbons is an attractive tool for the creation of nitrogen-containing products. However, the multiple steps, harsh conditions, and low atom efficiencies often present in these reactions remain challenging. We present a multicomponent synthesis of functional benzimidazolones from arylamines, dialkylamines, and alcohols, acting via the sequence of copper-catalyzed oxidative tandem C-H aminations and alkyl deconstructive carbofunctionalization. The catalytic transformation forms multiple bonds in one single operation, uses readily available feedstocks and a naturally abundant Cu/O2 catalyst system, has broad substrate scope, avoids pre-installation of aminating agents and directing groups, and provides high chemo- and regioselectivity, resulting in direct functionalization of inert C-H and C-C bonds via single-electron oxidation-induced activation mode. This platform can be expected to provide structurally diverse products with interesting biological, chemical, and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyuan Liang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhen Gong
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang DY, Wen X, Xiong CD, Zhao JN, Ding CY, Meng Q, Zhou H, Wang C, Uchiyama M, Lu XJ, Zhang A. Non-transition Metal-Mediated Diverse Aryl-Heteroatom Bond Formation of Arylammonium Salts. iScience 2019; 15:307-315. [PMID: 31102996 PMCID: PMC6525302 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl–heteroatom (C–X) bonds ubiquitously exist in organic, medicinal, and material chemistry, but a universal method to construct diverse C–X bonds is lacking. Here we report our discovery of a convenient and efficient approach to construct various C–X bonds using arylammonium salts as the substrate via an SNAr process. This strategy features mild reaction condition, no request of transition metal catalyst, and easy formation of various C–X bonds (C–S, C–Si, C–Sn, C–Ge, C–Se, C–N). The method was successfully applied to a late-stage functionalization of an existing antibiotic drug, to a Clickable reaction of NBD-based ammonium salt as turn-on fluorescent probe to recognize L-cysteine and homocysteine, and to the synthesis of a DNA encoded library (DEL) bearing different C–X bonds. An efficient approach to construct various C–heteroatom bonds Readily accessible ammonium salts as substrates No request of transition metal catalyst and broad functional group compatibility Great applicability in late-stage functionalization, fluorescent probe, and DEL
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao-Dong Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chun-Yong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo-to 113-0033, Japan; Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo-to 113-0033, Japan; Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Abstract
An undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory experiment involving the breakage of amide C-N bonds is reported. Whereas amides are typically considered stable species due to well-established resonance effects, this experiment allows students to cleave the amide C-N bond in a nickel-catalyzed esterification process. Moreover, students perform the experiment on the benchtop using a commercially available paraffin wax capsule containing the necessary nickel precatalyst and N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. The laboratory procedure introduces students to several modern topics in organic chemistry that are not otherwise well-represented in typical undergraduate organic chemistry curricula, such as amide bond cleavage, transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, and nonprecious-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Dander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Lucas A. Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Melinda M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Yan Y, Wang S, Xie F, Fang X, Zhang YM, Zhang SXA. Firefly-Inspired Approach to Develop New Chemiluminescence Materials. iScience 2019; 13:478-487. [PMID: 30880044 PMCID: PMC6441873 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence, wherein marine and terrestrial organisms chemically produce light for communication, is a burgeoning area of research. Herein, we demonstrate a new series of artificial chemiluminescent compounds inspired by the enol-degradation reaction of natural bioluminescent molecules, luciferins. Based on systematic optical experiments, isotope labeling, and theoretical calculations, the chemiluminescent mechanism of these new materials and the relationship of enol-degradation reaction and chemiluminescence are fully discussed. The color and efficiency of the artificial chemiluminescent materials can be easily adjusted, and blue (486 nm), yellow (565 nm), and near-infrared (756 nm) luminescence can thus be obtained. The findings and in-depth understanding herein may accelerate the development of bio/chemiluminescent materials for analytical applications and non-invasive bioluminescence imaging. New chemiluminescent materials inspired by bioluminescence have been designed A way to design new chemiluminescent materials is reported The relationship of enol-degradation and chemiluminescence is methodically discussed
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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Liu C, Zhu X, Zhang P, Yang H, Zhu C, Fu H. Axially Chiral Cyclic Diphosphine Ligand-Enabled Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Hydroarylation. iScience 2018; 10:11-22. [PMID: 30496972 PMCID: PMC6260458 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis, enantioselectivity strongly depends on the structures of chiral ligands, so the development of new chiral ligands is crucial. Here, an efficient and highly enantioselective palladium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation has been developed, and a new kind of N-heterocycles, 1H-pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoindol-2(8H)-ones containing a quaternary stereocenter, was prepared in high yields and excellent enantiomeric excess values. The reaction was effectively catalyzed by palladium-diphosphine complexes with numerous functional group tolerance, in which the newly developed axially chiral cyclic diphosphine ligands played key roles in the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the substrates. We believe that the cyclic diphosphine ligands with adjustable dihedral angles will find wide application in asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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