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Eschner MS, Selmani I, Gröger TM, Zimmermann R. Online Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Characterization of Puff-by-Puff Resolved Cigarette Smoke by Hyphenation of Fast Gas Chromatography to Single-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Quantification of Hazardous Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6619-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S. Eschner
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ismailhaki Selmani
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Environmental Chemistry, Bavarian Institute of Applied Environmental Research and Technology GmbH, Am Mittleren Moos 46, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306−4390, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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Hirschmann CB, Koivikko NS, Raittila J, Tenhunen J, Ojala S, Rahkamaa-Tolonen K, Marbach R, Hirschmann S, Keiski RL. FT-IR-cPAS--new photoacoustic measurement technique for analysis of hot gases: a case study on VOCs. SENSORS 2011; 11:5270-89. [PMID: 22163900 PMCID: PMC3231378 DOI: 10.3390/s110505270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a new photoacoustic FT-IR system capable of operating at elevated temperatures. The key hardware component is an optical-readout cantilever microphone that can work up to 200 °C. All parts in contact with the sample gas were put into a heated oven, incl. the photoacoustic cell. The sensitivity of the built photoacoustic system was tested by measuring 18 different VOCs. At 100 ppm gas concentration, the univariate signal to noise ratios (1σ, measurement time 25.5 min, at highest peak, optical resolution 8 cm(-1)) of the spectra varied from minimally 19 for o-xylene up to 329 for butyl acetate. The sensitivity can be improved by multivariate analyses over broad wavelength ranges, which effectively co-adds the univariate sensitivities achievable at individual wavelengths. The multivariate limit of detection (3σ, 8.5 min, full useful wavelength range), i.e., the best possible inverse analytical sensitivity achievable at optimum calibration, was calculated using the SBC method and varied from 2.60 ppm for dichloromethane to 0.33 ppm for butyl acetate. Depending on the shape of the spectra, which often only contain a few sharp peaks, the multivariate analysis improved the analytical sensitivity by 2.2 to 9.2 times compared to the univariate case. Selectivity and multi component ability were tested by a SBC calibration including 5 VOCs and water. The average cross selectivities turned out to be less than 2% and the resulting inverse analytical sensitivities of the 5 interfering VOCs was increased by maximum factor of 2.2 compared to the single component sensitivities. Water subtraction using SBC gave the true analyte concentration with a variation coefficient of 3%, although the sample spectra (methyl ethyl ketone, 200 ppm) contained water from 1,400 to 100k ppm and for subtraction only one water spectra (10k ppm) was used. The developed device shows significant improvement to the current state-of-the-art measurement methods used in industrial VOC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bernd Hirschmann
- Photonic Devices and Measurement Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (J.T.); (S.O.); (K.R.-T.); (R.M.)
- Mass and Heat Transfer Process Laboratory, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (N.S.K.); (S.H.); (R.L.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +358-40-187-7447; Fax: +358-20-722-2320
| | - Niina Susanna Koivikko
- Mass and Heat Transfer Process Laboratory, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (N.S.K.); (S.H.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Jussi Raittila
- Gasera Ltd., Tykistökatu 4, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; E-Mail: (J.R.)
| | - Jussi Tenhunen
- Photonic Devices and Measurement Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (J.T.); (S.O.); (K.R.-T.); (R.M.)
| | - Satu Ojala
- Photonic Devices and Measurement Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (J.T.); (S.O.); (K.R.-T.); (R.M.)
- Mass and Heat Transfer Process Laboratory, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (N.S.K.); (S.H.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Katariina Rahkamaa-Tolonen
- Photonic Devices and Measurement Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (J.T.); (S.O.); (K.R.-T.); (R.M.)
| | - Ralf Marbach
- Photonic Devices and Measurement Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (J.T.); (S.O.); (K.R.-T.); (R.M.)
| | - Sarah Hirschmann
- Mass and Heat Transfer Process Laboratory, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (N.S.K.); (S.H.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Riitta Liisa Keiski
- Mass and Heat Transfer Process Laboratory, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; E-Mails: (N.S.K.); (S.H.); (R.L.K.)
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Pyl SP, Schietekat CM, Van Geem KM, Reyniers MF, Vercammen J, Beens J, Marin GB. Rapeseed oil methyl ester pyrolysis: On-line product analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3217-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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